Abstract: A submersible mixer support system for use in sewage treatment systems and the like has parallel tubular guide bars supporting at least one mixer stand unit having a slow rotation, large propellered mixer thereon. The mixer stand unit is releasably clamped to the parallel guide bars by clamping units each having a horseshoe-shaped resilient clamping block deformable when a clamping pressure is applied thereto by a preload assembly located remotely therefrom. The mixer support system facilitates removal and servicing of the various subassemblies located thereon. A guide system is provided in order to remove, inspect and reinstall the tubular guide bars.

Abstract: A wellpoint assembly includes an elongated flexible header pipe which has a plurality of coupling joints formed therein for attaching well point assemblies. The flexible header pipe is stored on a reel so that it can be unreeled into a predetermined pattern for installing in a wellpoint system. An alignment tool allows the flexible header pipe to be aligned for attaching each wellpoint assembly. The flexible header pipe may be transparent and have saddle coupling joints which will accept either a saddle plug or a wellpoint assembly connection. A method of installing a well point system includes the steps of pulling a flexible header pipe from a reel; laying the flexible header pipe in a pattern for installing a wellpoint system; aligning the flexible header pipe for attaching wellpoint systems; removing the coupling plugs from wellpoint coupling members in the flexible header pipe; and attaching wellpoint assembly pipes.

Abstract: Floor drainage systems in locations using a relatively large amount of water are usually covered with expanded metal gratings which easily become blocked and do not allow sufficient support for relatively heavy vehicular traffic to pass thereover. The present device utilizes a culvert section having spaced apart upper angle members and a sheetmetal culvert depending there below, the depth of which gradually increases from one end to the other. Location tabs extend from the sides of the culvert along the length thereof and these are all spaced the same distance downwardly from the upper angle members so that the sections are all readily supported upon pegs placed along the trench at the same depth from the surface. Concrete may then be poured around and under the culvert and the floor surface finished flush with the upper surface of the angle members so that only an elongated slot is seen when the installation is completed.

Abstract: In one aspect a novel valve, when used with water conveying conduits of water supply or of irrigation systems, will purge them of residual water in the conduits, when the water supply is "cut off", but will close the system when the water supply is on (e.g. there is water pressure above a predetermined threshold, or a "head" occurs). When this valve is closed the system then operates, conventionally, and for irrigation systems to eject water from water dispensing nozzles or spray heads located at or in proximity to the ground surface so that irrigation can take place. With this novel valve, the periodic (or annual) need to purge the irrigation system of residual water to clean out contaminants or to prevent winter freeze-up is avoided, since self-purging of the residual water and of any water suspended solids in the network takes place each time the water pressure in the system is reduced to approximately zero (or to below the said predetermined threshold pressure), as on each occurance of water shut off.

Abstract: A geotextile fabric composite sleeve having three interconnected portions so that two of the portions are slidable over the principal drain line, and define a main sleeve portion and the third portion for accommodating a lateral line for defining an auxiliary sleeve portion in fluid communication with the main sleeve portion, the auxiliary sleeve portion projecting out flexible to any angle from the main sleeve portion, with the main sleeve portion position onto the principle drain line at a point so that the opening of the auxiliary sleeve portion into the main sleeve portion is that the window cut into the main sleeve.

Abstract: Liquids can be separated from the solids contained in slurries, sludges, etc. by forcing a liquid-permeable fabric, downward into the slurry so that solid materials are retained below said liquid-permeable fabric and liquids can be pumped or drained from above said liquid-permeable fabric. Apparatus is provided, comprising liquid-permeable fabrics and weighting means.

Abstract: A system employing wind-driven venting for reducing the volatile organics content of soil contaminated by leakage or accidental spill of volatile organics such as petroleum hydrocarbons is disclosed.

Abstract: System for the artificial underground irrigation or watering of soil, with flexible tubing of a porous material, characterized by tubes with a non-expanded porous inside structure. The tubes are obtained through extrusion of a homogeneous mixture of at least two components, one component a meltable polymer and the other component a liquid inert in relation to the polymer. Both components forming a binary system displaying in liquid aggregate state a range of complete miscibility and a range with a miscibility gap. Preferred parameters include an inside tubing wall surface with open pores and an outer wall surface, the degree of openings of which, calculated as fraction of open area, is reduced at least 20% in relation to the inside wall surface; open pores in the outer wall surface for the most part of a pore diameter of less than 4 .mu.m; tubes with a pore cavity volume of from 50-90%; tubes made of polypropylene; tubes made of glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene; tubing wall thickness of about 0.5 to 2.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the fumigation of soils, enclosed spaces, agricultural products and other commodities, etc., using compositions which decompose to form carbon disulfide and certain other biocidal materials. Such fumigation can be used to control bacteria, fungi, insects, nematodes, rodents, and weeds.Fumigant compositions are described herein as "thiocarbonates," including, without limitation, salts of trithiocarbonic acid and tetrathiocarbonic acid, compositions having empirical formulae intermediate to these acid salts (such as MCS.sub.3.7, wherein M is a divalent metal ion), and compositions containing substances in addition to thiocarbonates [such as a stabilized ammonium tetrathiocarbonate which contains ammonium sulfide, i.e., (NH.sub.4).sub.2 CS.sub.4.(NH.sub.4).sub.2 S].The compositions are generally water soluble and can be prepared, stored, and used in aqueous solutions.

Abstract: An improved water distribution system characterized by a construction including an irrifluent pipe disposed below the soil surface for dispersing water or treated waste water at a controlled rate. The irrifluent pipe includes an inner fluid conduit having apertures formed therethrough and an outer cover mounted in partially surrounding relation to the inner conduit and overlying the apertures. The outer cover is attached to the inner fluid conduit in spaced apart relation thereto so that the dispersed fluid slowly seeps into the ground.

Abstract: A drywell structure for receiving drain water from a ground surface and directing it to subterranean levels for leaching the water into the subterranean soil is provided with a water filtration and intake assembly which filters silt and other foreign matter from the received drain water prior to its being directed to the subterranean soil.

Abstract: In this slope facing process, facing elements (4) are assembled in situ, their edges having means of jointing with adjacent elements; drainage (D) is provided over the whole height of the face (1) of an excavation between this face and the facing (R) of elements (4) behind which a void-filling material (B) is injected, consisting for example of lean mortar or a swelling material.

Abstract: A device is provided for draining ground in depth. Each drain includes a tube having perforations in its middle part (1) with solid walls and closed at its lower part so as to form a cup (2), and with solid walls and open at its upper part (4). A siphoning tube (6) is permanently immersed by its lower part (3) in the cup (2), rises inside the tube (1) and leaves through a side duct (5) to drop down again towards an outlet (8). The outlet (8) is at the same level as the upper edge of the cup (2) so that the end (3) of the pipe (6) is always immersed and so that the siphon cannot be unprimed even during a dry period and requires no intervention.

Abstract: A drain system for use in hillsides for preventing or remedying landslides is provided. The system includes a porous walled conduit positioned within the hillside substantially parallel the face of the hillside, i.e. tangent the contour lines of the hillside. The system may include a saddle section or chamber which essentially surrounds the conduit and provides a region of increased permeability contiguous the conduit. A second high permeability region configured as an upper extension or neck, positioned superior to the conduit, is also provided. An apron positioned adjacent the conduit functions to prevent water from moving beyond the vertical axis of the conduit. Means for installing the drain system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A wheeled trailer for installing a perforated film erosion barrier from a perforated foil supply roll into the earth and along an elongated furrow path. The wheeled trailer includes frame means for supporting the system for movement along the path, with a plow shoe being disposed forwardly of the frame to create a open furrow to receive one edge of an elongated perforated film, and with a pivotal boom being provided at the rear portion of the frame for supporting a furrow-covering disc. A hydraulic ram and cylinder are provided for arranging the path of the furrow-covering disc, with the furrow-covering disc depositing soil into the furrow for covering and burying one edge of the elongated perforated film.

Abstract: A panel assembly for use as a combination drainage and insulation member, primarily on the exterior surface of subterranean walls. The assembly has an insulating board with channels on one side of the board. A fabric which is pervious to water and impervious to soil particles, and has a high modulus, is attached to the channeled side of the board. The resulting board is highly effective to collect water and channel it downwardly toward a drainage pipe which may be part of the drainage system, and which usually conveys the water away from the wall. Improved methods of providing subterranean insulation and drainage are also disclosed.

Abstract: Underground irrigation apparatus (10) having a ground penetrating part (12) arranged for forming a hole (14) in ground (16) to be irrigated, and a separate distribution part (18) arranged for insertion into the hole (14) formed by the ground penetrating part (12) and dispensing a fluid into ground to be irrigated. Preferably, the ground penetrating part (12) is inserted into a socket (22) formed in the distribution part (18) when the latter is lowered into the hole (14) previously formed by the ground penetrating part (12) in order to prevent clogging of discharge ports of the distribution part (18) during the installation process.

Abstract: A method and system of storing and containing existing toxic waste dump sites, to prevent leakage and seepage from the waste site. It involves ascertaining the soil characteristics to determine the moisture impervious layer depth for the soil surrounding the pit site, digging a perimeter trench around the dump site to a depth at least equal to the moisture impervious layer, filling the perimeter trench with a substantially moisture impervious material, placing a well casing within the area defined by the perimeter trench, adjacent to the pit, and placing a drain line below the bottom of the toxic waste site dump pit in fluid communication with the well casing. As a result of this alteration of the water drainage profile within the surrounding soil, the risk of seepage, leakage and drainage of toxic waste into the aquifers is lessened.

Abstract: A playground construction comprises an earthen floor beneath the surface of the earth, a trough extending downwardly beneath the floor and having drainage means therein. The floor and trough are lined with a water pervious fabric and an aggregate of drainage stone is utilized to fill the trough and to cover an area of the floor. The fabric material has overlapping edges which are secured together thus providing an envelope for the aggregate stone. A second layer of aggregate wood fiber is placed above the enveloped stone aggregate and terminates at the surface of the earth.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided to embed paper drain material in water-laden soil by means of a mandrel driven into the soil by power means. The paper drain material is intermittently treated with a substance detectable by a signal emitted electronic sensing means secured to the lower end of the mandrel. When the paper drain is believed to be in place, the mandrel is withdrawn. During mandrel withdrawal, as each sensing means passes by each detectable substance, the signal from the sensing means is modulated, thereby indicating that the paper drain is embedded in place and the mandrel has disengaged from the paper drain. If the paper drain adheres to the mandrel and is being withdrawn with the mandrel, no modulated signal will be generated, thereby indicating that the paper drain is not properly anchored in the soil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for distributing irrigation water relatively evenly along a furrow. Irrigation water is first advanced down the furrow during an advance phase. In one preferred embodiment, the advance phase comprises a cyclic on/off procedure to cyclically advance the water towards the bottom end of the furrow. After the advance phase has been completed, irrigation water is supplied to the head of the furrow during an infiltration phase which employs a cyclic on/off procedure. The on/off cycles of the infiltration phase are shorter than the on/off cycles of the advance phase, and are repeated a predetermined number of times in order to supply a predetermined amount of irrigation water to the furrow. Apparatus comprising control means for administering such furrow irrigation methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid spill container and method of making and installing the same are provided wherein such container has a side wall comprised of at least two separate portions which are detachably fastened together. One of the portions defines the sole structure of the container which is adapted to be embedded in a fixed manner in an associated substrate to provide the sole support for the container in such substrate and the other of the portions being detachable from the one portion with the one portion embedded in the substrate to enable replacement of such other portion.

Abstract: Apparatus for simultaneously burying multiple strands of tubing in a plowed field. The plowed field includes spaced, elongate, generally parallel upstanding beds. A furrow lies in between each adjacent pair of beds. The apparatus buries tubing in the beds. The conduit has an oblong cross sectional area. The apparatus is designed to prevent the tubing from twisting while being buried in the beds.

Abstract: A sub-soil drainage pipe segment 12 comprises a first round cylindrical portion 14 forming a socket 16 and a second round cylindrical portion 18 integral with and extending from the first portion, the inside diameter of the first portion being substantially equal to the outside diameter of the second portion. In the second portion there are a plurality of circumferentially spaced, longitudinally extending slots 22. The slots are defined by longitudinally extending side walls which diverge from the outside inwardly. A plain end 20 of the second portion forms a spigot which is receivable in the socket of a similar segment, so that a number of such segments can be interconnected end-to-end to form a sub-soil drainage line.

Abstract: Discharge water from a building, e.g., rainwater discharged from downspouts or groundwater discharged from sump pumps, is carried away from the building in an underground pipe to an aboveground discharge outlet, said discharge operating only when the pipes are full of water and under pressure from the inlet. The underground pipe extends for a substantial distance away from the building and either turns upwardly to the aboveground discharge outlet; or empties into an underground tank which bleeds water downward into the surrounding earth through a porous bottom surface, and communicates water upward through its upper surface with the aboveground outlet.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved method and apparatus for building ridges and borders on agricultural fields which are suitable for the containment of irrigation water in such fields. The apparatus comprises means to cultivate at least a pair of trenches, means to remove dirt from the cultivated trenches and deposit dirt removed from the trenches onto the ground between the trenches and means to compress and shape the deposited dirt into a ridge or border.

Abstract: Porous pipe having a porosity which varies continuously and controllably with length is produced by extruding a mixture of particles of prevulcanized elastomer such as reclaimed crumb rubber and a thermoplastic binder such as polyethylene with all parameters controlled except for die temperature of pull-off rate. By gradually varying temperature or pull-off rate during extrusion, the porosity of the pipe gradually changes. The leak rate can be controlled in a manner to produce a length of porous pipe in which the leak rate is constant as the pressure drops over the length of the pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing contaminants from soil in situ or at a remote location in which removal is accomplished by pumping a supply of uncontaminated water via a distribution conduit system to a series of spray nozzles. The spray nozzles are used to flood the surface of the contaminated soil with the supply water, which soaks into soil and mixes with the contaminants. The mixed water and contaminants travel through the soil to a set of vertical inlet risers positioned in the soil and located at a distance from the spray nozzles. The water-contaminant mixture is drawn through the inlet risers via a collection conduit system to a holding tank from when the water is taken for removal of the contaminants. The water is drawn through the inlet risers by producing a high velocity stream of water using a venturi device and passing the stream over the upper end of the removal conduit.

Abstract: Method for constructing a screen that restricts or obstructs the flow of subsoil water in the ground by providing in the ground, from the land level downwardly, subsoil water retaining wall elements that engage each other and are in the shape of wide more or less supple films or sheets, that therefore with their lower edge are releasably connected to a flushing lance that in essense is as wide as each film and said lance after insertion of the film in the ground is released and retracted.The invention aims to provide a method with which it is possible to construct in a very simple manner a good seal and coupling of the films adjoining each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for damming water and also for draining away the volume of water above a certain level in a vegetation-bearing stratum. Arrangements of this type normally have on the base consisting, for example, of concrete, a sealing layer and on top of this a root protection sheet. In addition, the base has an inlet channel for the water. The primary purpose of the arrangement is to ensure that the water located between the sealing layer and the root protection sheet is carried away into the inlet channel. The arrangement also consists of a pipe socket set with clearance in the inlet channel and which is provided externally with a plate-like flange next to its upper edge and, additionally, with a water-damming pipe arranged at an adjustable height in the pipe socket, the exterior of this pipe being sealed in respect of the interior of the pipe socket.

Abstract: A drainage system for disbursing water supplied by a drain pipe including an enclosure positionable in water permeable material, its top edge generally flush with terrain, and said enclosure having a generally perforated top, an opening in the bottom and an opening in a side wall. Water received by the enclosure through an opening in the side wall and is generally spread and thereby gradually dispersed around the enclosure and residual water in the enclosure is gradually leaked off through the opening in the bottom.

Abstract: A cultivation plant comprising several separate water accumulators (1) which are buried under a ground area (5) in which plants are to be grown, and which water accumulators are formed as a closed container (11) which is filled with a porous, water-soaking substrate (13) which opens to the ground to be irrigated over openings (12) at the top or at the side of the water accumulator (1). Each water accumulator is separately connected to a central force for supply of water and for supply of air. When using the cultivation plant water is supplied to the porous, water-soaking substrate (13) until the substrate has reached a predetermined maximum degree of moisture, whereafter the water supply is ceased, whereas air is supplied to the substrate (13) at a pressure which is slightly higher than the static pressure of the substrate, so that the air is forced through the substrate and out into the irrigated ground for oxygenating same.

Abstract: Process for producing flexible PVC irrigation pipe by extruding a plasticized PVC composition containing a melt strength-enhancing aid and a chemical blowing agent and (a) the extruded melt being expanded by foaming thereof immediately on leaving the die into a substantially closed-cell extrudate of outer diameter greater than the die orifice with the extrudate surfaces being substantially unpunctured, (b) drawing down the extrudate in the atmosphere causing rupturing of the foam cell walls of the extrudate to form a substantially open-cell extrudate having punctured surfaces, and (c) when the extrudate has been drawn down to a degree which is prior to any cellular collapse which would lead to the formation of water-impervious pipe, cooling the extrudate by passing it through a cooling means in order to prevent said collapse. Preferably the extrudate passes through a tubular guide into a water bath in step (c).

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for distributing irrigation water relatively evenly along a furrow. Irrigation water is first advanced down the furrow during an advance phase so as to form a wetted surface at the bottom of the furrow. In one preferred embodiment, the advance phase comprises a cyclic on/off procedure to cyclically advance the wetted surface towards the bottom end of the furrow. After the advance phase has been completed, irrigation water is supplied to the head end of the furrow during an infiltration phase which employs a cyclic on/off procedure. The on/off cycles of the infiltration phase are substantially shorter than the on/off cycles of the advance phase, and are repeated a predetermined number of times in order to supply a predetermined amount of irrigation water to the furrow. Apparatus comprising control means for administering such furrow irrigation methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: An irrigation pipe, primarily for subterranean irrigation, said pipe having incisions in the longitudinal direction of the pipe, which incisions will open under the action of the pressure enabling the irrigation water to flow into the surrounding ground. It is characteristic of the pipe that a pipe made of two-layer material is used, the outer part of which is thinner than the inner part and the inner part has been cooled down during the manufacturing before the outer layer has been made, by which method the characteristic can be obtained that the incision opens more on the outside than on the inside thus preventing impurities of any kind from accumulating in the incision.

Abstract: A salt damage preventive irrigation method and its apparatus. In this irrigation method, the poisonous salt contained in irrigation water can be concentrated near the emitting opening of an emitter and the moistened area can be prepared in the soil with water free of salt contained in the irrigation water.

Abstract: A structure which inhibits erosion of a hillside having a grade includes an upwardly open trough extending down the grade of the hillside, the trough having lateral skirts buried in the hillside to a depth below the lowermost trough depth measured transversely. The skirts and the trough are impervious to water and sealed together in watertight fashion and the trough forms a channel which is transversely lowermost in a valley extending down the grade of the hillside. The valley has sidewalls which slope gently toward the trough and are covered with sod. Runoff is directed by the valley to the trough in noneroding manner and the trough conducts runoff down the hillside.

Abstract: A drain pipe intended for use when laying surface-water drains, manholes and like structures, particularly in frost susceptible ground. The drain pipe has a length such as to enable the pipe to connect a drain cover with a drain-bottom part or a tubular raising member which is connected directly to the drain-bottom part or is connected to the drain-bottom part via one or more additional raising members. The outer form of the drain pipe is slightly conical over at least a part of the length of the pipe, the pipe being arranged to be mounted so that its widest end faces downwards and can be inserted into a socket or collar of the aforementioned drain-bottom part or of a raising member.The invention also relates to a method of laying a drain while using such a drain pipe, and to a drain laid in accordance with the method.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing a vertical drain in the soil, comprising a push tube to be pushed into the soil and which carries within it a prefabricated drain, provided with an anchor on the lower end, said prefabricated drain remaining in its place with the aid of an anchor while the push tube is being pulled back upwards. The push tube carries within itself a cut-off device at its lower end for the prefabricated drain, cutting it at desired height. Thereafter, the push tube is, if needed, lifted up for another anchor to be affixed to the lower end of the prefabricated drain. The object of the invention is to achieve that the prefabricated drain that has been cut off inside the push tube is pushed out from the lower end of the push tube.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the moisture in the ground surrounding a building comprising a circumferential conduit extending around the building approximately ten inches below the ground level and from six to twenty-four inches away from the foundation of the building. The circumferential conduit is composed essentially of porous flexible hose capable of permitting seepage of water from the inside of the hose to the outside thereof through the pores of the hose when water under pressure is fed into the interior of the hose. A supply conduit connects at one end to a water main, and at its other end through an on-off valve, a pair of check valves connected in series, a pressure regulating valve for reducing the pressure from the water main to about 1 to 5 psi, to a terminal conduit for conducting water under 1 to 5 psi into a tee connection in the circumferential conduit.

Abstract: An inexpensive and easily constructed arrangement for the supply of potable water includes a sheet or membrane for a catchment, one or more flexible closed storage tanks for water storage purposes, a strainer for location and piping between the catchment and storage tanks, one or more pumps and additional piping between the storage tanks and the pump or pumps. Installation is relatively simple only requiring an excavation for the location of the storage tanks, preparation of a suitable region for location of the catchment, securing the sheet or membrane over the prepared catchment surface and connection of the piping between the catchment, storage tanks(s) and pump(s).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flow restrictor for insertion into the inlet of a pipe to restrict fluid flow within said pipe to a predetermined maximum. The flow restrictor is comprised of a tapered tubular hollow body portion having a smaller diameter and a larger diameter end. A cover plate is attached to the larger diameter end. An aperture having a predetermined cross-sectional area is located in the cover plate. The smaller diameter end is open to fluid flow. The predetermined cross-sectional area of the aperture determines the predetermined maximum fluid flow.

Abstract: A farm implement adapted to install plastic lined irrigation gates in rice levees and the like to aid in flood control. The machine comprises an elongated, rigid frame comprised of a trio of rigid struts. The rear of the frame terminates in a rigid scoop of concave cross section having a width somewhat wider than the frame. An elongated dipper blade, also of concave cross section, is pivotally coupled to the frame in spaced-apart, generally parallel relation with respect to the scoop. The dipper blade may be removed by hydraulic means between dirt cupping, dirt releasing and ground engaging positions whereby to dig a suitable contoured trench adjacent the levee after a hole has been cut by the scoop. A plastic sheet is then placed over the hole and trench, and dirt from the dipper blade is deposited upon the plastic sheet to secure same. Prior to cutting another gate, the dipper blade is drawn over the plastic sheet and the dirt deposited thereon to properly contour the gate for subsequent flood control.

Abstract: A valve having a hollow body, an inlet and outlet for supplying and discharging pressured liquid, the valve body has a normally open top and a closure is provided to close said open top when positioned over the top opening and held in place by pressure of liquid supplied to the body, a closed air chamber communicates with the interior valve body and is arranged to hold compressed air therein.

Abstract: A roof drain for either a sump or a flush installation has a body having a centrally located water collecting section which is capable of being attached to a pipe, a first surface extending around the periphery of the central section, a connecting surface extending upwardly and away from the periphery of the first surface and a second surface extending outwardly around the periphery of the connecting surface. The first and second surfaces are parallel to one another with the second surface serving as the mounting surface for mounting the drain on to a roof. A grate attaches to the body by attaching directly to the second surface for sump functioning, or in conjunction with an insert for flush functioning. For the flush functioning, the insert fits against the connecting surface and the first surface to become located between the grate and the body.

Abstract: A method for uniformly improving a soft ground is proposed. It includes the steps of driving a pipe into the ground, putting sand thereinto and pulling up the pipe gradually while discharging and compacting the sand. In forming the sand piles, the diameter and/or strength of the sand piles are changed according to the soil nature of the ground to be improved to improve the ground uniformly.

Abstract: A foundation drain system comprising the combination of a footing, the first course of masonery blocks on the footing having a drain notch for each hollow space on the infacing side of each block. Irregular size and shape stones provided in each of the hollow spaces of the first course of blocks to a level above the notch. A bed of irregular size and shape stones on the interior of the foundation construction contiguous to the footing and to the first course of blocks to a level above the drain notches. A drain tile along the interior perimeter of the footing adjacent thereto in the bed of stones and a discharge pipe connecting the drain pipe extending to the exterior of the foundation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for introducing a ground water flow restricting or sealing screen into the soil comprising several side by side mounted whether or not overlapping flexible sheets which each are introduced into the soil with their lower edges by being releasably connected to a lance with substantially the same width and are sealed there to each other and anchored such that a continuous screen is formed, said lance being retracted after the placing of each individual sheet, the sealing of the edges being performed by overlapping and/or hardening material fed in at the location of said edge.

Abstract: A waste disposal landfill comprises a layer of porous material such as stone or crushed concrete applied over the waste before the final cover. Conduits extend from the layer through the cover to atmosphere and terminate in self-aligning airscoops. Ventilation through the porous layer occurs in response to ambient winds to remove water from the landfill especially that intercepted and temporarily retained by the porous layer and thus inhibit leachate formation.

Abstract: A tubular drain vertically positioned within the ground beneath the ground level in the vicinity of surface water and having a tubular drain cover-support member anchored in the surface ground layer with a tubular part of the drain cover-support means extending down into the tubular drain, so as to be axially movable relative thereto as a separately movable support element in annular disc form placed around the tubular part of the drain cover-support member so as to be axially movable relative to the drain while being guided by the upper part with it being anchored in the surrounding ground layer in a manner so as to be able to exert a downwardly pressing force from the underlying drain when relative movement is obtained between the drain and the supporting element.