Abstract: An agricultural barrier providing a medium for supporting plant life in an arid or semi-arid land region having a ground surface, the barrier being disposed on native soil of the region, the barrier including: a first layer composed of pieces of basalt, the first layer being porous and being in contact with the native soil; a porous second layer of at least one material selected from at least one of sand and gravel, the second layer being less porous than, and overlying, the first layer; and a porous third layer containing soil which favors plant growth, the third layer being less porous than, and overlying, the second layer and having an exposed upper surface, wherein the porosities of the second and third layers differ from one another by an amount which impedes transport of soil from the first layer into the second layer. Soil for the third layer may be provided by washing salinated or contaminated soil with water and using the washed soil for the third layer.

Abstract: An underground water channel is provided in an underground of a large depth, and rain water and the like flow into this underground channel from flood control channels, conduits and rivers through vertical shafts. A pump well of a pump station is connected to a downstream end of the underground channel, and water flowing into the pump well is discharged by a pump to a discharge tank. The pump is disposed generally at a medium water level of the underground channel, and a lowest water level L.W.L enabling draining is the medium water level of the underground channel. In an open channel flow operation of an open channel-closed channel mixed flow operation, water level of the underground channel is maintained at the lowest water level L.W.L, so that the underground channel is in an open channel condition.

Abstract: A method and system for collecting ground water segregated from storm water are provided in which an existing storm sewer pipe may be retrofitted by forming a ground water channel and a storm water channel therein. The two channels may be formed by disposing a lining within the existing pipe which segregates the pipe into two distinct flow passageways. A new pipe may also be similarly used for collection of ground water.

Abstract: A means for securing a cover to a drainage channel body defining a drainage channel and wherein said channel body defines at least two cutouts located substantially opposite one another in inner side walls defining said channel comprises at least one cross-bar and a fixing means. The cross-bar defines two ends that can be inserted respectively into said cutouts so that the cross-bar is disposed transversely across the drainage channel. A clamping means is located at at least one of the ends of the cross-bar to retain the cross-bar in place after insertion of its ends into the cut-outs. The fixing means attaches the cover to the channel body by way of attachment of the cover to the cross-bar.

Abstract: A method of circulating ground water in a ground region with a fall of a ground water level, comprises the steps of forming a first well shaft with a water permeable shaft wall in a ground region through which ground water flows, forming at least one second well shaft with a water permeable shaft wall at a distance from the first shaft wall in a ground region with a lower ground water level than in the first well shaft, providing a transverse connection between the first well shaft and the at least one second well shaft so that the ground water can flow from the first well shaft under the action of a ground water level fall into the at least one second well shaft.

Abstract: Surface drainage apparatus comprises a channel body defining a drainage channel with a cover defining apertures through which drainage can pass into the drainage channel. A fixing means is provided for attachment of the cover to the channel body and comprises a first fixing element for attachment to the channel body and a complementary second fixing element for attachment to the cover. The channel body defines at least one universal receiving aperture into which one of a plurality of differently constructed first fixing elements is capable of being located both before and after installation of said surface drainage apparatus. In this way both the production costs and the operating costs of the surface drainage apparatus can be reduced, especially when conversion is necessary.

Abstract: A separation layer (12) for laying grass surfaces (10; 16) on a sand or gravel base (13), which layer is in the form of a rigid plastic sheeting with parallel side edges. The surface of the sheeting is embossed by thermo-forming so that it presents a uniform pattern of deep embossings (14). These form rows which extend perpendicular to said side edges. The parallel rows are each connected to adjacent embossings in the same row via bridges (15) so that each row of embossings in cooperation with adjacent rows creates a stiffening of the sheeting.

Abstract: A modular junction fitting system for joining ends of two or more lengths of edge-type drainage robing (being of the type that is substantially taller than it is wide in transverse cross-section). The junction fitting of the invention includes a central generally vertically oriented tube that is substantially taller than it is wide, side walls having, for each edge-type drainage tube to be connected to such fitting, one or more orifices for permitting fluid communication of the drainage tubing with the interior of the central tube. A connector is provided for connecting the edge-type drainage tubing to the central vertical tube in alignment with the orifices. The system can utilize simple mechanical attachments between the drain tubing, the connector, and the central tube, permitting easy fabrication of a wide variety of fittings, thus permitting the system to be used in a wide variety of configurations.

Abstract: An improved surface covering for use in tennis courts or other fields on which games are played and which require a hard surface. The surface covering includes layers of materials applied on an old existing covering which is inferior for one or more reasons. The new covering includes a drain rock layer beneath a flexible fabric panel which is beneath a new base rock layer. A layer of asphalt is applied to the base rock layer, following which a thin layer, such as of bitumen or the like, can be applied to the top of the asphalt layer. The new covering will "float" on top of the old covering to allow the old covering to expand or contract due to ground movement while also eliminating moisture problems.

Abstract: An underground system for supplying water to and removing water from an athletic facility having a surface which is susceptible to excessive moisture and dryness. The system includes a plurality of substantially level watering grids positioned in a layer of aggregate material below the surface of the athletic facility. The watering grids provide an arrangement of consecutive watering zones which extend across the athletic facility from one end thereof to the other. Each of the plurality of watering grids includes a plurality of parallel perforated lateral pipes which are connected at opposite ends thereof to header pipes. The plurality of substantially level watering grids are positioned at a substantially equal level below the surface of the athletic facility, regardless of the slope thereof. The system may be installed into existing athletic facilities without excessive damage or disruption to their surfaces.

Abstract: A drain module is substituted for a retaining block during the construction of a retaining wall of interlocking retaining blocks to provide a drain. The drain module includes an inlet tube for coupling to a drainage pipe, a flange having an outer face attached to an end of the inlet tube, and an elongated main tube aligned with the inlet tube and attached to an inner face of the flange. A front face plate is attached to a front end of the main tube and has an opening aligned with a passage through the main tube. First and second side chambers are bounded by first and second portions, respectively, of the front face place extending beyond opposite sides of the main tube. In one embodiment the side chambers are filled with cement or the like during construction of the retaining wall to receive and anchor interlocking pins engaging retaining blocks of the retaining wall. The front face plate has a shape or contour closely corresponding to the shape or contour of the front face of each retaining block.

Abstract: A method of retrieving liquid from a below-ground collection area by permitting gravity flow of the liquid from the collection area to a first closed container; monitoring the level of the liquid in the closed container; and after the liquid reaches a given level in the first closed container, transferring the liquid to a second closed container disposed at a location above the first closed container, via a conduit, by introducing into the first closed container a gas which is substantially chemically inert with respect to the liquid, the gas being at a pressure sufficient to propel the liquid from the first closed container to the second closed container.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of repairing existing manholes and similar structures by applying a fast-curing elastomeric material using spray techniques whereby a homogeneous, non-porous, and monolithic coating or lining is formed. The fast-curing elastomeric material can be applied directly to existing substrates, which may comprise of concrete, brick, tile, mortar, and metal surfaces normally found in sewer manholes and catch basins, sewer and drainage pipes, parking decks, bridge piers and footings, holding ponds, bridge trusses, culverts, gratings, and the like and does not require any formwork. More preferably, the substrate surfaces are first cleaned and primed to improve the bond of elastomeric coating to the substrate. The most preferred primer is an aqueous solution of silane, preferably containing 10% to 30% silane.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of repairing existing manholes and similar structures by applying a fast-curing elastomeric material using spray techniques whereby a homogeneous, non-porous, and monolithic coating or lining is formed. The fast-curing elastomeric material can be applied directly to existing concrete, brick, tile, mortar, and metal surfaces normally found in sewer manholes and catch basins, sewer and drainage pipes, parking decks, bridge piers and footings, holding ponds, bridge trusses, culverts, gratings, and the like and does not require any formwork. The elastomeric coatings provide effective surface protection against wear, corrosion, and water infiltration and can be applied in a single operation to horizontal, vertical, and overhead surfaces.

Abstract: The invention is for an optimum water and soil retention system for use in an agricultural field, which includes watershed units having a basin, borders located on opposite sides of the basin, an ingress and an egress weir located at opposite ends of the basin. The top surface of the ingress weir is below the top surface of the borders at the point where the ingress weir intersects the borders. The top surface of the egress weir is nearly always below the level of the ingress weir. The watershed units are arranged consecutively end to end to form a string, which normally runs from a high point in the field to a low point or drainageway. The field is divided into collateral strings thus creating a complete and systematic field of watershed units.

Abstract: A scouring system for automatically scouring an empty liquid reservoir, for example, a flood basin, includes at least one scouring liquid chamber with a scouring opening in communication with a siphon-like scouring duct. Any liquid contained in the scouring liquid chamber is retained in the scouring liquid chamber by means of atmospheric pressure when the liquid level drops in the reservoir. An air inlet opening which can be closed by a ventilating valve is provided in the ceiling of the scouring liquid chamber. The ventilating valve includes a pressure box with a diaphragm which is deformed when compressed air is applied and closes the air inlet opening. A vacuum blower is connected to the scouring liquid chamber through an intake line and to the ventilating valve through a pressure line. The vacuum blower initially closes the ventilating valve, the scouring liquid chamber is evacuated and filled with scouring liquid.

Abstract: An underground agricultural irrigation system in which annular semi-cylindrical or concave-convex water reservoirs, formed by splitting used or abandoned vehicle tire casings in half, are buried concave side up at appropriate subsurface depths to trap and retain moisture used to nurture overgrowing plant roots. In a modified version concave moisture retaining caps are mounted over the open centers of each reservoir to increase moisture retention capacity.

Abstract: Used motor vehicle tires are subjected to a pair of radial severing cuts and thereby a peripheral segment of each tire removed. The tire remainder portions, generally constituting 1/2 to 1/3 of the original tires, are then aligned side by side and connected to form an extended drainage construction which may be utilized in place of conventional larger drains with the effect of ameliorating soil erosion and washaway problems.

Abstract: The present invention involves a flexible annular member passing through a wall opening. The flexible annular member is positioned about a conduit passing through the wall opening to enable the conduit to pass through the wall at an angle up to and even greater than 30.degree.. Another embodiment of the present invention comprises a flange type riser and base connection involving the location of the entire sealing assembly within a chamber base/riser section.

Abstract: A plurality of drainage pumps are disposed on a high floor gradation state in a circular arrangement. A plurality of drainage pumps are disposed on a low floor gradation state in a circular arrangement. The drainage pumps disposed on the high floor gradation are installed at a high level, with the drainage pumps having a low pump head and a large capacity in comparison with the drainage pumps disposed at the low floor gradation. An outer shape of an underground pump construction building is in the form of a circular cone shape spreading toward an upper portion of the underground pump construction building. The amount of power for discharging the drainage can be reduced and the construction area for the underground pump construction building can be reduced thereby minimizing the necessary requirement for installation of the underground pump construction.

Abstract: A system is provided for controlling the moisture content of a planted surface. The system includes a plurality of drain conduits located beneath the planted surface for collecting liquid from the planted surface. The system also includes a sealed collection tank coupled to the plurality of drain conduits. The collection tank is located beneath the planted surface to collect liquid passing through the plurality of drain conduits. The system also includes a vacuum pump coupled to the collection tank for removing air from the collection tank to provide a suction force in the collection tank and in the plurality of drain conduits to draw liquid from the planted surface through the plurality of drain conduits and into the collection tank. An elevated air tank is coupled between the vacuum pump and the collection tank. The elevated air tank is located at a remote location spaced apart from the collection tank.

Abstract: A silt barrier includes a main frame (10) which is disposed horizontally over a catch basin which is to have silt blocked therefrom, the main frame (10) has end frames (24, 25) rotatable from a stored flat position into a vertical working position. A pair of wooden frames (26, 27, 30, 31) are lodged between the end frames (24, 25) and porous plastic silt barrier sheeting (48) is stapled (50-55) to the wooden frames, surrounding the entire structure. The silt barrier is clamped to the catch basin (41, 70) with j-bolts (38, 39).

Abstract: Stormwater from a watershed is collected in a stormwater collection basin for water quality improvement primarily by settling of suspended solids, and also for control of the flow rate through downstream flow channels. The outflow rate from the basin is governed by an adjustable water control device such as a gate valve operated by a motor under control of a microprocessor in accordance with predetermined conditions as sensed by sensors such as basin water level sensors, upstream flow or rainfall sensors, and flow rate sensors downstream of the basin. The effective capacity of the basin is increased by the ability to interactively adjust the flow rate from the basin based on sensor inputs indicative of anticipated inflow rates and the flow capacity of the downstream channels and water can be retained in periods of dry weather for irrigation and the like.

Abstract: A system and method for cleansing a harbor are disclosed which utilize the natural wave-like surface behavior of a tide wave propagating up a natural harbor or bay. Surface elevation changes along the propagating wave provide hydrostatic pressure differentials which drive the system. The system includes a conduit which connects an open sea area with an inner harbor area. The conduit may be either positioned on the bottom of harbor so that it extends through the harbor bay or it may be positioned so that it cuts across or cuts through a strip of land separating the harbor from the open sea. The conduit inlet is positioned in the open sea area and the conduit outlet is positioned in the inner harbor area. The outlet has a one way valve which both allows water flow through the conduit from the open sea area directly into the inner harbor area and also prevents water flow in the conduit in the reverse direction.

Abstract: A waste water drainfield for a sewerage disposal system of the type comprising a plurality of conventional absorption trenches includes a distribution device at each absorption trench for separating waste water into two components of preselected proportions; at least one distribution pipe for each distribution device for temporarily storing a quantity of waste water and/or for distributing the waste water to its respective absorption trench; and distribution lines connecting the distribution devices in series, each distribution device delivering one of the components to its distribution pipes for temporary storage and distribution to its respective absorption trench, and delivering the other of the components to the next distribution device via a distribution line.

Abstract: This invention relates to the draining of foundations by using an elongate subterranean drainage structure located approximately horizontally and parallel to the foundation in combination with a plurality of elongate upwardly extending hollow drain structures extending from the structure toward the surface of the earth. Hydrostatic pressure of water in the soil forces water through holes in the upwardly extending drain structures. The water then passes rapidly to the bottom of the upwardly extending drain structures by the force of gravity and thereupon into the horizontal drain structure wherein it is carried away from the foundation.

Abstract: A system for irrigating the roots of plants below the surface of the ground in which a narrow irrigation tube is connected at its upper end to a water distribution source. The irrigation tube extends below the surface of the ground from the water distribution source in generally vertical alignment with the stalk of the plant, and its lower end opens vertically downwardly below the roots of a plant, so that water may be discharged from the opening in the lower end in a downwardly direction. The soil in the planting site is broken up to a depth of at least five feet below ground surface.

Abstract: A slopeside of mudstone or laccolith is graded into an artificial slopeside and several oblique and parallel drainage channels are arranged on its surface. Several root planting segments are selected and connected with several root planting tubes provided for communication. The tubes are charged with organic fertilizers and are suitable for burial in the artificial slopeside. Bush packs with lateral roots are planted in each of the root planting segments and the lateral roots are inserted into the root planting tubes so that the roots of different packs grow quickly and entangle intimately with each other to form a stable base for greening the artificial slopeside. Vegetative quick greening bags containing organic material based on the different growing time of herbaceous plants are affixed to the slopeside to distribute the organic materials so as to provide an optimum place for the herbaceous plants to bud and fully grow.

Abstract: Sewage manholes having a deteriorated or defective manhole housing which is subject to undesired ground water infiltration are rehabilitated by inserting annularly expandable tubular sleeve assemblies partially into each inflow and outflow pipe of the manhole, connecting the sleeve assemblies to one another via an annularly-closed tubular conduit or network of tubular conduits and then sealing the sleeve assemblies to the inflow and outflow pipes and to the tubular conduit or conduits to form a fluid flow path between the inflow and outflow pipes which is sealably enclosed against water infiltration and sewage exfiltration.

Abstract: An installation for the controlled dosing of an irrigation flow with a herbicide particularly for detecting root growth into the outlets of an underground drip irrigation line, includes a sealed container and a slow release herbicide material wherein a portion of the flow is directed through the herbicide impregnated material so that herbicide is controllably released into the diverted flow, and the diverted flow is reintroduced into the irrigation flow.

Abstract: The invention presented relates to a septic system which doses effluent into a disposal field. More particularly, the invention includes a relatively water-tight walled structure capable of accumulating a volume of septic tank effluent; a disposal field dosing system having at least one outlet conduit having an outlet end and an inlet end; a stand pipe which extends from each of the outlet conduits towards the top of the structure; a float having a chamber having an opening on an upper surface thereof; at least one feed conduit having an inlet end located within the chamber and an outlet end in operative connection with the inlet end of the outlet conduit; and a jointed coupler which forms the operative connection between the feed conduit(s) and outlet conduits.

Abstract: Settling ponds used in strip mining are reclaimed using lightweight amphibious vehicles which are capable of traversing land, water or clay surfaces and wherein the method consists of pumping clay settled in subsurface areas and spreading the clay remotely over crusted surface areas to thereby create stabilized low profile drainage ditches which extend from low level areas of the ponds to the perimeters thereof to allow water drain off to the perimeter.

Abstract: An improved railway deck drainage system includes an electrically non-conducting material formed into a plurality of hemiarcuate drain sections, each having a conduit and a coupling flange. The coupling flange of each section is matingly engaged with the conduit of the adjacent section, and the conduit is integrally coupled with a planar base to form a drain of overall hemicylindrical shape. The base of the drain extends transversely to form a pair of flanges suitable for weighting with ballast. A mounting strap couples the drain to the railway deck. Preferably, the conduit includes apertures to permit passage of water into the drain.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved rollable subterranean drainage core device which has T-shaped finned projections to which may be adhered a water-penetrable soil filtration fabric. The fin structure provides impact resistance and high compressive strength while providing high water channel flow-through capabilities. An exemplary method for fabricating the drainage device involves extruding a unitary finned polymeric core sheet having T-shaped projection members on at least one major side thereof, and then removing a portion of the fins in a cross direction at periodic intervals along the machine direction, so that individual T-shaped projection members are spaced in rows and columns on the rollable core sheet. The drainage core member is particularly suitable for use in conjunction with waterproofing membranes.

Abstract: The multiple-layer net structure has a first layer of mutually parallel wires which is rigidly associated with a second or intermediate layer of substantially mutually parallel wires, which are inclined with respect to the wires of the first layer. A third layer of wires is rigidly associated with the intermediate layer, on the opposite side thereof with respect to the first layer, and has substantially mutually parallel wires which are inclined with respect to the wires of the second or intermediate layer.

Abstract: A junction center is useful for wiring the electrical pump and alarm system circuits of sanitary mound systems and of the lift stations of conventional septic systems The junction center comprises a relatively large diameter main tube of electrical conduit placed against the outside of the sanitary system sewer riser. A branch tube extends through the wall of the main tube and through a hole in the wall of the sewer riser. Supply wires are fed from a trench into the main tube from the bottom end and out the top end. Wiring from the pump and alarm system are fed from the sewer riser through the branch tube and into the main tube interior and out the main tube top end. The wires are connected outside of the main tube; then the wires are pushed back into the main tube. If the pump and alarm system operate on different voltages, a divider in the main tube divides the interior thereof into separate passages for the pump and alarm system wires.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling liquid from a site comprising at least three liquid retention cells which are arranged in series with respect to the flow path of the liquid through the apparatus, the liquid retention cells being arranged in at least one group which comprises at least three of said cells disposed adjacent one another, an inlet for delivering liquid to an upstream cell of the apparatus and an outlet for discharging liquid from a downstream cell of the apparatus to a discharge line, and transfer orifices which provide liquid communication between adjacent cells in the group, the or each transfer orifice being configured so as to control the liquid flow between adjacent cells and create a condition whereby there is a dissipation of energy of the liquid between each cell apparatus.

Abstract: A composite drywell, a drywell system and method employing the composite drywell, which composite drywell comprises a cylindrical drywell having a removable top and bottom section, the drywell composed of a plurality of separate, edge-interlocked, arcuate sections which together form the cylindrical wall of the drywell, each arcuate section having a one side edge with a opening extending substantially the length of the side edge and the other side edge having a beaded side edge extending substantially the length of the arcuate section, the beaded edge of the arcuate section adapted to fit in an interlocking, receiving relationship into the other side edge opening of the adjacent arcuate section so as to have all arcuate sections interlocked to form a cylindrical drywell wall.

Abstract: A process for forming notched irrigation laterals uses a construction laser adapted to propagate radiation along a planar path, and a device that both detects the radiation and is used to manually form notches in the lateral. The laser is positioned relative to the longitudinal axis of the lateral so as to minimize optical interference during the formation process.

Abstract: A method and device for diverting water away from a building foundation and insulating the soil surrounding the foundation. The method includes excavating a trench in the soil at least about a portion of the perimeter of a new or existing building foundation, the trench having a predetermined depth, a first side wall defined by the building foundation, a bottom surface defined by the soil having a predetermined slope extending away from the building foundation a predetermined distance and a second side wall opposite the first side wall and defined by the soil. A first insulated waterproof diverter member is placed within a portion of trench for diverting water away from the foundation and reducing the frost penetration depth within the soil surrounding the foundation.

Abstract: An underground water storage reservoir has a molded tank of attachable upper and lower bodies, the bodies being of common geometry nestable for storage and transportation prior to installation, the installed reservoir co-acting with a precipitation receiving roof of a building, water inlet, conduits, valve and overflow, controllable pump and a sump to utilize water from the reservoir.

Abstract: A hydraulic diverter comprises a pair of tubes connected to receive water from a storm drain. One of the tubes is connected to discharge the water into a basin, while the other is connected to discharge water and bed sediment load into a bypass line. The storm water flow is preferentially directed through one tube or the other by changing the relative elevations of the tubes. The tubes are coupled together to change elevations by a pulley system or a swivel system. The pollutant laden "first flush" flow of storm water is diverted to the basin, while subsequent or "sustained" flow transporting bed sediment load is directed through the bypass line. The storm water itself is utilized to change the relative elevations of the tubes when the storm water flow transitions from a first flush flow to a sustained flow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the microbiological decontamination of soil, in which1) the contaminated soil is excavated and treated,2) the treated soil is banked up on a prepared subsoil in the form of regeneration clamps, and3) the clamps are provided with oxygen while microbiological degradation of the contaminants takes place.The method comprises mixing the contaminated soil with, preferably contaminated, concrete and/or building rubble, before the mixture is banked up in the form of regeneration clamps, the concrete and/or building rubble having been comminuted before mixing to a particle size of .ltoreq.10 mm, preferably .ltoreq.6 mm.The method according to the invention makes possible, within a short time, decontamination even of soils whose permeability for air and water is only low, and also of soils where the distribution of contaminants is highly inhomogeneous, or where the concentration of contaminants is very high.

Abstract: A drainage system comprises a drainage passage for a drain water, a pump for pumping up the drain water from the drainage passage to a drain portion which is arranged above the drainage passage, and a storage tank which has an inlet connected to the drainage passage to receive the drain water therethough from the drainage passage into the storage tank, and a height of the inlet is higher than that of the drainage passage and lower than that of the drain portion so that an ascent of upper surface of the drain water from the drainage passage is restrained after the drain water ascends to the inlet from the drainage passage.

Abstract: A specific structure of construction to be implemented at the bottom part of a raft foundation to reduce the upward water pressure of the raft foundation bottom or to control the water pressure. An artificial drainage bed structure is constructed at the raft foundation bottom plate, comprising an artificial filter layer, artificial drainage latticed network, water filter/collecting pipe, non-permeable fabric, overflow drain pipe and other elements to reduce and control the impact of a floating force or an excessively large water pressure on the raft foundation bottom plate which is likely to occur during the course of construction.

Abstract: A moisture sensing device (2) operating according to the tensiometer principle which in the case of complete drying out emits the same signal as on reaching the maximum moisture content, in the case of complete drying out emits a signal corresponding to that with the minimum, set moisture content. A drying out prevention means (40) provided for this operates with the same contactor (24) and is operated by the same control member (18) as the sensing device (2) in normal operation. The switching point for the drying out prevention means (40) can be adjusted by means of an adjusting device (48). However, the water supply is switched on by the signal emitted on drying out.

Abstract: An irrigation tube having a polymer peripheral wall can be constructed so that the peripheral wall is composed of an even number greater than 2 of substantially rigid panels connected at their side edges by the same number of line like flexible areas. Water flow from such a tube can be regulated through the use of holes in such panels of various different shapes. Because of the use of such panels and line like areas the tube can be easily collapsed to a lay flat configuration in which it can be easily coiled, stored and handled until it is used and can be easily expanded to a normal configuration when it is used.

Abstract: An underground system for supplying water to and removing water from an athletic facility having a surface which is susceptible to excessive moisture and dryness. The system includes a plurality of substantially level watering grids which provide an arrangement of consecutive watering zones which extend across the athletic facility from one end thereof to the other. Each of the plurality of watering grids includes a plurality of parallel perforated lateral pipes which are connected at opposite ends thereof to header pipes. The plurality of substantially level watering grids are positioned at a substantially equal level below the surface of the athletic facility, regardless of the slope thereof. The system may be installed into existing athletic facilities without excessive damage or disruption to their surfaces.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods and media for filtering liquids are especially suited for insertion into an existing storm water catch basin. The filtration that occurs reduces concentration of storn water runoff pollutants including heavy metals, suspended solids, particles and oil and grease. While being able to handle the high flow rates of storm water runoff, the filters also remove small particles and oil and grease the filters are arranged such that overflow from uppermost filters, as they become clogged, is directed by overflow weirs to change direction to allow filtration by lower filters. Storm water surges during peak intensity are permitted to over flow directly into a catch basin to prevent ponding. The invention can also be used above ground to treat pumped liquid from industrial and environmental sources.

Abstract: The hydrology of a "perched water table" soil profile is regulated by installing a simple subsurface air-pipe system in the gravel layer of the soil profile to uniformly control the air pressure under the turf and to adjust the equilibrium condition between the capillary rise and the gravitational forces on the water in the soil. The air pipe system includes perforated pipes extending horizontally through the gravel layer of the soil profile at regular, spaced-apart intervals. The pipes are located adjacent the gravel layer/choker layer interface in vertical alignment with each drain pipe in the water drainpipe trench(es). The pipes are oriented such that the perforations extend along one (or both) sides of the pipe. A vacuum is applied to the pipes and the air is withdrawn uniformly across the gravel layer and the choker layer. According to one aspect of the invention, the air pressure difference across the rootzone acts as an additional force assisting gravity in the extraction of water from the rootzone.