Abstract: A drip berm for mounting onto a drip mat includes one or more inner berm members and one or more cooperating outer berm members. Each inner berm member is mountable contiguously around the circumferential edges of the drip mat. Each outer berm member is mountable along an inner edge of the outer berm member contiguously along or around an outer edge of, or perimeter of a frame formed by the inner berm member or members. Each inner berm member includes at least one clamp member for mounting onto the circumferential edges of the drip mat. Each clamp member includes a pair of jaws for mounting inwardly of the circumferential edges of the drip mat. The jaws are pivotable about a clam-shell hinge so as to, in a closed position, engage and clamp the circumferential edges of the drip mat between the pair of jaws, and so as to, in an open position, release the circumferential edges of the drip mat from between the pair of jaws.

Abstract: A drainage system for a structure which does not utilize gutters and/or downspouts is disclosed. The drainage system is comprised of a trough, a plurality of interconnected conduits received within the trough, a frame member received on the plurality of interconnected conduits and a grate member received on the frame member. The drainage system is installed directly under the eaves of the structure where gutters would typically be installed. Rain water and/or melted snow drips from the eaves and passes through openings between adjacent slats in the grate member into the plurality of interconnected conduits for passage therethrough to a pond or a storm sewer system. In this manner, the drainage system for the exterior of the structure does not require the use of gutters.

Abstract: A synthetic turf comprises a backing with a plurality of pile filaments secured to the backing and extending upwardly therefrom and filled with particulate fill material. The fill material comprises a lower ballast layer of gravel residing on the backing and an upper layer of resilient particles above the lower layer. The lower layer of gravel provides weight and stability to hold down the synthetic turf without migrating to the surface. The upper layer provides cushioning and uniform resilience for the synthetic turf while the pile filaments create a grass-like appearance for the playing surface.

Abstract: Devices and methods for streamlining the completion of work functions within a lateral pipe connected to a main pipe. A variety of different lateral devices may be used to aid in the process of relining the main or lateral pipe. A lateral location device is inserted into the lateral pipe prior to relining of the main pipe and is subsequently used to aid in the conventional cutting of the main-lateral interface. A lateral cutting device actually performs the main-lateral cutting process from within the lateral or from within the main. A lateral inspection device crawls up the lateral for inspection via camera. A lateral relining device aids in the placement of a liner used to reline the lateral pipe. Each of these interchangeable work functions may be optional performed by one or more lateral devices, often carried and inserted by a delivery device.

Abstract: A drainage structure having perforated parallel top and bottom plates separated by spacer members. A web joins adjacent spacer members and has a curved profile such that water spilling over the web does so, at a varying velocity profile to increase oxygenation of the water. This drainage structure can also be filled with good drainage soil and planted with grass to filter and retain water that passes therethrough, with a layer of filter medium below and a water permeable drain below the filter medium, to transport water into the substrate and into a reticulation tank where the water can percolate back into the soil.

Abstract: A barrier to exclude trash and debris from storm drains which includes a pivoted gate moved by a vane-type rotor. The rotor is actuated to open an entry to the storm drain by flow of water at a rate above and agreeable minimum, and to maintain it closed at no or low flow rates.

Abstract: A building levelling system is provided for a building having a basement or foundation supported on expansive soil. A water management system is included for maintaining water in the expansive soil at a level adjacent the foundation to saturate the soil with water and thereby prevent the cyclic shrinking and expanding of the soil when the soil is normally repeatedly dried and wetted, causing damage to the building supported thereon. An injection system may also be included for injecting water into the soil spaced well below the foundation to lift a foundation which has already settled significantly due to shrinkage of expansive soil upon which it is supported. The injection system includes a level sensing mechanism for determining when a level of water in a prescribed area of the expansive soil falls below a reference level of the system and injectors for feeding water into that area.

Abstract: A drying system for structural waterproofing of an enclosure includes a drainage conduit for draining water from the enclosure. The drainage conduit has a periphery defining an interior and an air inlet and air outlet. An air circulator circulates air between the air inlet and the air outlet throughout the interior of the drainage conduit such that the circulated air removes moisture and gas from the conduit's interior through the air outlet.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus for desalinating soil. In accordance with the teachings there is disclosed an apparatus comprising a frame, a distribution pipe and an associated evaporating cloth. In one embodiment water is removed from the ground by way of a foot valve and a pump. The water is transported to the distribution pipe by a riser pipe. The distribution pipe transfers the water to the vertically orientated evaporating cloth upon which the water evaporates leaving crystalline salt that can then be collected and removed. The flow of water to the cloth may be regulated by a switch mechanism or valve mechanism that is triggered by the water levels on the evaporating cloth.

Abstract: A channel system for forming a trench is disclosed that includes a number of precast drainage channel sections and one or more alignment keys for aligning and interlocking adjacent channel sections. Each alignment key includes a base shaped for laterally bridging across a predetermined exterior portion of adjacent bottom walls of the adjacent channel sections. The alignment key also includes first and second opposed, inwardly facing jaw members shaped for longitudinally bridging across a predetermined exterior portion of adjacent first and second sidewalls, respectively, of the adjacent channel sections. Each pair of the jaw members can be carried by a respective base, and can be positioned in a lateral and longitudinal direction relative to the respective base to thereby substantially align and interlock the adjacent channel sections.

Abstract: A myriad of permutations of void-maintaining membrane laminates are provided. Laminates of the invention are particularly useful for providing high performance drainage within layered paved structures such as highways, airport runways and parking lots. Void-maintaining laminates of the invention comprise compression elements that are shaped, adapted and arranged to cooperate with base and upper layers such that superior flow capacities are attained through their void spaces, channels and paths, even under pressures in excess of 5,000 lbs per square inch.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for lining ditches is provided. The apparatus and method for lining ditches, according to the present invention, includes a plurality of substantially corrugated liner sections, preferably made of a thermoplastic material such as polyethylene. Each liner section is designed to be assembled by detachably engaging ends of ditch liner sections. A sealant that does not bond with the material from which the liner sections are made may also be included. An inlet/outlet channel is included. The inlet/outlet channel is removably connectable with at least one end of a liner section by snapping together the two components. A liner section in the form of a splitter section also is provided. A splitter section permits rerouting the flow of water in a variety of directions through a ditch lined with the apparatus of the present invention. Also, a diverter section is included for diverting water from one flow direction through the ditch to a point or area of application of water.

Abstract: This Invention relates to a soil infiltration irrigation system, which consists primarily of a water feeding pipeline, an air relieving pipeline and multiple water permeable storage containers that are pressure resistant. Each container comprises at least two components, which are coupled properly to shut out sand and dirt. The top component has a water feeding pipe connector and an air relieving pipe connector. The said connectors are connected respectively to the water feeding pipe and the air relieving pipe by means of adapters. The two pipes are in turn connected by means of hetero-diameter adapters to branch pipes leading to the main water feeding pipeline and the main air relieving pipeline. Thus, a system of two parallel pipelines is formed. The said multiple containers are either water permeable vats or combinations of water permeable vats and double-layer water permeable vats. The system may also include two-way air relieving and water shut-off valves.

Abstract: A sewage drain receptacle for underground sewage systems for campgrounds or RV parks that includes a hose resting seat coupled to the top orifice of a drain line and a sewage cap for closing the top orifice. The hose resting seat extends along a portion of the length of the drain line and serves to cradle a bottom of a sewage hose so that it is prevented from being lodged into the sewage system.

Abstract: A debris-catching system for preventing debris from falling into the pipe opening at the bottom of a manhole catch basin. The debris-catcher comprises two semi-circular halves hinged together such that the two halves may be folded and inserted into a manhole opening. The debris-catcher comprises aligned apertures that allow it to be hooked and lowered into a manhole. The two halves are opened up to form a circular blocker which sets on the manhole bottom flat base. The debris-catcher allows normal effluent flow through the manhole while in place. The debris-catcher floats and will do so during an overflow condition. Further, the debris-catcher will resume its protective function after an overflow condition has subsided.

Abstract: An EKG structure comprising geosynthetic material associated with at least one conducting element wherein the structure comprises at least one core element substantially enclosed by at least one sheath, one or both comprising the geosynthetic material; the use thereof as an electrode, a method for treating substrate with the EKG structure, the treated substance obtained thereby

Abstract: A modular drain for receiving drainage liquid with a polygonal upper portion and a lower portion. The upper portion has a substantially lateral surface, a first vertical surface and a second vertical surface that define an upper cavity, the substantially lateral surface having a plurality of openings thereon. The lower portion is joined to the upper portion, the lower portion including a substantially semi-circular surface sized to receive a tube section of a connector therein. In one embodiment, at least one of the first vertical surface and the second vertical surface includes a retention mechanism that is sized and positioned to retain the tube section in the lower portion. In another embodiment, the vertical surfaces are provided with interlocking interfaces.

Abstract: An apparatus for the enhancement of water quality is provided for purging a low flow area of a subterranean water distribution system. The apparatus can include: a water carrier system for transporting water through the apparatus, a flow control valve for adjusting the flow rate of water through the system; a programmable solenoid controller for activating and deactivating the flow control valve; electronic and/or optical sensing devices for measuring water quality; a data access and programming port; and an electronic control system. The components cooperate to provide a means for automatically measuring water quality and then purging water from the low flow area as required. The apparatus can discharge directly to a below ground drain such as a storm drain, sewer or drain field. Alternatively, the apparatus can have an above ground downwardly directed discharge.

Abstract: A roadway surface drain provided with a grating to detain trash but pass water, a hinged closure plate beneath the grating to close the opening in which the grating is fitted, and linkage to tilt the closure plate to open said opening when the rate of water flow is sufficient, while permitting flow of water and detaining trash when the rate of flow is acceptably slow.

Abstract: The performance of a leach field in processing waste water is maintained or improved by a control system in which one or more selected parameter in a waste water conduit, or in the influence zone of the conduit, is measured, compared to a set point(s), and one or more variable is manipulated. For example, gas composition, gas pressure, water level and water content are measured; waste water flow, heating, air flow and air composition are changed. In one mode of operation the manipulated variable is qualitatively different from the parameter being measured.

Abstract: Methods and modules for use in a modular assembly are disclosed for retaining or detaining storm water beneath a ground surface. A module comprises a substantially horizontally disposed deck portion and at least one substantially vertically disposed side portion extending therefrom. The deck portion and side portion have respective end edges, and the side portion has bottom edges. The side portion and the deck portion define a longitudinal channel which is open at least at an end of the module. The side portion has at least one opening therein and defines a lateral channel in the module. The longitudinal and lateral channels are in fluid communication with one another. Each channel has about the same cross section and extends upwardly from the bottom edges to allow relatively unconstrained flow in the longitudinal and lateral directions.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a flow of a liquid into a sewer drain comprising a catch basin having a catch basin drain coupled with the sewer drain. In addition, a housing element that is positioned within the catch basin, whereby the housing element is coupled with the catch basin drain in a first fluid-tight manner. The housing element having a porous surface positioned below a predetermined level. A column having a proximal end and a distal end, whereby the column is positioned within the housing element and the proximal end is coupled with the catch basin drain in a second fluid tight manner. The distal end is positioned above the predetermined level and an actuator mechanism is coupled with the column and configured to selectively open and close the column to the flow of the liquid that is entering the catch basin drain.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring the moisture content of the soil in order to enable pF value based control of irrigation in cultivation on the soil, as well as a method and an apparatus which use the first-mentioned method and apparatus to enable pF value based control of irrigation. To attain these objects, the invention provides a method for measuring the pF value (soil moisture tension) of the soil, comprising the steps of (a) preliminarily determining the correlation between pF value and volumetric water content of the soil to be measured, (b) measuring the volumetric water content of the soil, and (c) converting the value of the volumetric soil water content of the soil measured in the above step (b) to the corresponding pF value on the basis of the correlation between pF value and volumetric water content predetermined in the above step (a). Also a method and an apparatus for controlling the irrigation of the soil based on the measurement of the pF value by the method.

Abstract: An economical, efficient, practical and easy-to-use modular drainage unit capable of efficiently collecting and evacuating drainage water and designed to provide a global solution for producing a very simple drainage process. The modular drainage unit (1) is characterized in that it comprises an elongated body (2), traversed by a longitudinal collecting conduit (3), and comprising flow passages (5) opening on the peripheral walls of the body (2) and emerging into the conduit (3), the flow passages (5) being arranged to enable drainage water to circulate by gravity towards the collecting conduit (3), and it comprises connecting method (6) designed to assemble two successive drainage units (1) and further comprises an outer water permeable casing (7) to trap soil. The invention is useful for draining grounds in general and around buildings.

Abstract: An irrigation system comprising a closed-loop piping system, a portion of which is a condensing section extending on or below ground surface, and at least another portion of which is a cool-collecting section buried under ground at a cool ground zone. The closed-loop piping holds a liquid which is propelled by a circulating system through the piping system. The liquid is chilled by heat exchanging at the cool ground zone and then flows to the condensing section where moisture from the vicinity is extracted by condensation over the condensing section. The moisture is readily available for consumption by agriculture growth.

Abstract: Improved drip pipelines that comprise a pipe with bores created therein for dispensing water to the soil, and a layer pervious to water applied to the pipe, such as fabric sleeve, a metal spiral sleeve to screen the bores. The pervious layer screens the surface of the segments of the pipeline wherein a bore or bores have been drilled.

Abstract: A foundation protector for a foundation wall prevents moisture being retained in the foundation wall and also provides drainage for surface water so that water does not rest against the surface of the foundation wall. The foundation protector has a smooth exterior surface so that it remains attached to the foundation if earth subsidence occurs. The foundation protector includes a waterproof dimpled sheet with spaced-apart protrusions and an outer waterproof membrane which covers recesses formed by the protrusions and provides a substantially smooth exterior surface.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for lining ditches is provided. The apparatus and method for lining ditches, according to the present invention, includes a plurality of substantially corrugated liner sections, preferably made of a thermoplastic material such as polyethylene. Each liner section is designed to be assembled by detachably engaging ends of ditch liner sections. A sealant that does not bond with the material from which the liner sections are made may also be included. An inlet/outlet channel is included. The inlet/outlet channel is removably connectable with at least one end of a liner section by snapping together the two components. A liner section in the form of a splitter section also is provided. A splitter section permits rerouting the flow of water in a variety of directions through a ditch lined with the apparatus of the present invention. Also, a diverter section is included for diverting water from one flow direction through the ditch to a point or area of application of water.

Abstract: The drainage element is constructed of loose fill elements within a container of mesh construction. The loose fill elements are disposed in unconnected relation to each other so as to be able to migrate within the container. The openings of the mesh container allow water to pass through while retaining the loose fill elements in place.

Abstract: A drainage valve tap assembly for connection of a branch line to a main line while simultaneously forming a freeze proof drain comprising a hollow body having a first end and a second end, a cutting tube attached to the first end of the body; a handle having a hollow interior, the handle attached to the second end of the body for rotating the body; and a resilient drain plug extending at least partially in the body for blocking off the flow of water therethrough under a water pressure and for allowing the draining of water therethrough and out of the drainage valve when the water pressure is cut-off.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a system, apparatus, and method of deactivating irrigation system with a wide broadcast Radio Frequency signal. The irrigation system includes a control box coupled with a receiver for receiving the wide broadcast Radio Frequency signal. The signal is initiated in response to a drought condition. The received signal is decoded into degrees of severity of the drought. Under a severe drought condition, the irrigation system is deactivated by proper authority regardless of a user's intention. Under a drought condition that is not severe, the user may program the control box either to deactivate the irrigation system or to give control to a timer. In an embodiment of the present invention, under such condition, the user may partly deactivate the irrigation and partly give control to the timer.

Abstract: An underground irrigation system which supplies beneath the surface of the soil under or near the roots of a growing crop, water infused with micro bubbles of gas (usually air). A mixer/injector injects and mixes gas into water to form a mixed stream that flows from a header into a plurality of branches. The mixed stream emits from the branches. An air bleed releases gas from the system which has separated from the mixed stream.

Abstract: A drainage system for a structure which does not utilize gutters and/or downspouts is disclosed. The drainage system is comprised of a trough, a plurality of interconnected conduits received within the trough, a frame member received on the plurality of interconnected conduits and a grate member received on the frame member. The drainage system is installed directly under the eaves of the structure where gutters would typically be installed. Rain water and/or melted snow drips from the eaves and passes through openings between adjacent slats in the grate member into the plurality of interconnected conduits for passage therethrough to a pond or a storm sewer system. In this manner, the drainage system for the exterior of the structure does not require the use of gutters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for reinforcing a ground on which is disposed a loading structure, comprising a series of structural inclusions disposed in the ground and adapted to mechanically reinforce said ground, the inclusions having a diameter D comprised between substantially 0.2 m and 0.6 m, two adjacent inclusions being separated by a distance (A) such as 2D≦A≦10 D, the series of inclusions being made of a material having a Young's modulus of between 500 and 10,000 MPa, a load transmitting layer interposed between the ground and the loading structure, said layer having a Young's modulus less than the Young's modulus of the series of inclusions, a first nominal height between two adjacent inclusions of the series, and a second height less than the first nominal height at locations situated just above the series of inclusions, where the load transmitting layer is plastically compressed by the inclusions which partially penetrate within the load transmitting layer.

Abstract: An assembly and method for joining a drain pipe with a concrete catch basin, structural elements of the assembly including a concrete catch basin having a wall, the wall having inner and outer surfaces, the wall further having a plate embedded within the wall between the wall's inner and outer surfaces, the wall further having an outer aperture extending through the concrete wall from an outer surface of the plate to the outer surface of the concrete wall, and further having an inner aperture extending through the concrete wall from an inner surface of the plate to the inner surface of the concrete wall; the method including steps of cutting a pipe receiving aperture through the plate, lining the pipe receiving aperture with an expansible elastomeric ring, extending a drain pipe through the ring, and injecting elastomeric foam into the ring, causing the ring to expand, and to seal between the aperture and the pipe, securely holding and sealing the drain pipe in place upon the catch basin.

Abstract: A low cost, low skill method, and system produced by the method, of providing fluid drainage for a cast concrete footing, including placing a drainage mat against and along the inside of the outside-form-wall; attaching one end of a through-conduit in fluid communication with the drainage mat and extending the other end flush with the inside of the inside-form-wall; placing concrete between the forms; allowing concrete reasonably to cure; removing the forms; attaching conventional drainage to the exposed end of the through-conduit; and backfilling the foundation.

Abstract: A water-resistant polyurethane geotextile composite suitable for use as a liner is made by impregnating a geotextile with a water-resistant polyurethane and allowing the polyurethane impregnated in the geotextile to cure. The water-resistant polyurethane composition is a reaction product of (a) a liquid polyisocyanate having an isocyanate content of at least 10% by weight, (b) an isocyanate-reactive component which includes (1) 20-90% by weight castor oil having a water content of less than 0.5% by weight, and (2) a polyether polyol in which at least 70% by weight of the alkylene oxide is propylene oxide, and (c) a urethane catalyst. Low molecular weight diols and triols and fillers may optionally be included.

Abstract: A retaining-wall block has a set of liquid impervious walls defining a completely bounded cavity having a sealable opening for filling the cavity with a fill material to add weight, and a seal element for sealing the sealable opening. In some cases the block has a second cavity with openings for collecting liquid and for passing collected liquid out of the second cavity to adjacent blocks in an assembly.

Abstract: A drainage system for delivering fluid from a source of fluid for absorption into the ground, comprises a trench, a pair of perforated drainage conduits extending longitudinally in said trench and laterally spaced from each other to define an open chamber therebetween. The conduits are connected at one end to the source for receiving fluid from the source and delivering fluid to the chamber. A longitudinally extending cover overlies said conduits and prevents soil from falling into the chamber. The cover includes side portions which engage the conduits and a center portion connected to the side portions and maintains the conduits in laterally spaced relationship. The cover also includes reinforcing arches extending between the side portions and the center portion to resist downward deflection of the cover under the weight of the top soil. Vent holes in the cover permit the system to breathe.

Abstract: A slot drain 100 comprises a throat portion 104 having two walls 110 and a separator 112 arranged to separate the walls 110. To provide an easy way of retaining the separator 112 in position, the separator 112 has lateral projections 122, 124 which pass through holes 128 in the walls 110 and are bent over to retain the walls 110 against the separator 112.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for filtering and distributing fluids to the subterranean soil environment. The system includes spaced core sheets that are typically partially enveloped with fluid permeable fabric. In one embodiment the core sheets are arranged in an alternating wide and narrow configuration. Fluid is transferred from a pipe to the core sheet edges and travels along the core sheets and through the fabric into the subsurface environment. In another embodiment a transfer sheet is provided adjacent at least some of the core sheet edges. Fluid is transferred from a pipe to the transfer sheet for subsequent distribution to the core sheet edges for travel along the core sheets and through the fabric into the subsurface environment.

Abstract: Numerous embodiments of a synthetic drainable base course (“SDBC”), and paved structures that may advantageously include an SDBC, are provided. As a key advantage of SDBC's according to the invention, they are of sufficient capacities and structural strength to be used within layered paved structures such as highways, airport runways and parking lots, to provide drainage superior to that afforded by conventional means and methods involving the use of open graded base courses that are typically formed of natural soils and aggregate and are extremely expensive to install. The invention includes means and methods that use conventional heavy equipment for installing an SDBC during the construction of a roadway or other paved surface.

Abstract: A sewer lining system comprising several components in combination. First provided is a plurality of longitudinal liner supports. Next provided is a plurality of arcuate inner supports with each having a plurality of threaded bolt holes running there through. Next provided is a plurality of arcuate support locks, with each arcuate support lock having a plurality of smooth bolt holes there through. Next provided is a plurality of bolts sized to be threadedly received into the threaded bolt holes of the arcuate inner supports with the bolts coupling the arcuate inner supports to the arcuate support locks. There is next provided a plurality of spacer pin subassemblies each having a spacer pin and a pin locking collar and a plurality of locking bolts. Next provided is a plurality of pipe spacers with each pipe spacer having a flange end and a pipe end. Lastly provided is a sewer liner fabricated of a flexible degradation resistant material being formed into a tube configuration from a sheet of said material.

Abstract: An underground infiltration drainage system comprising water storage and/or water formed by a plurality of load bearing box like modules (1, 16 and 19), arranged adjacently and wrapped in water permeable geotextile. The modules have external walls (2) with openings (6) therethrough, such that water can flow into and out of the storage and/or piping through the perforated walls (2). The perforated walls (2) have peripheral edge members (3), with thin web members (4), extending between the peripheral edge members (3), to form support for the geotextile, and to define the openings (6). This arrangement while providing structural strength, also provides a large area of perforations.

Abstract: A drain cover and pipe combination comprises a drain cover including a substantially elliptical frame portion defining a space, the space having an axis substantially normal to the frame, and at least one cross piece located in the space so as to define a plurality of openings in the drain cover. The pipe comprises a substantially tubular member having a longitudinal axis, with the pipe having a substantially elliptical shaped rim at one end thereof with a rim axis which is other than parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubular member. Securing means are provided for securing the drain cover over the rim of the pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cover piece (1), for a drainage channel (2) for installation in the ground and for the drainage of a surface, comprising an essentially planar section (3). Said piece is formed for covering an upper opening of the drainage channel (2) and comprises a projection (5) extending upwards beyond the planar section (3) and defines an inlet opening (7), through which water from the surface to be drained may run into the drainage channel. The planar section (3) has additional openings (9) to accept the infiltrated water falling on the deeper level thereof.

Abstract: A method for utilizing waste rubber materials for construction of turf areas such as golf courses or athletic fields is disclosed. The method involves implementing waste rubber materials as a drainage layer to provide the following benefits: capability of adsorbing contaminants, insulation, and a lightweight construction backfill material. Also, the method involves the use of waste rubber materials as a supporting layer for athletic fields for the resiliency and shock absorption. Secondly, a method for utilizing waste rubber materials for filtration of runoff from turf or vegetated areas is disclosed. The method involves implementing waste rubber materials as a filter medium for adsorption of contaminants from runoff before entering detention ponds, wetlands, or other water bodies.

Abstract: An aquifer recharge valve assembly comprises a valve movable along the interior of a pipe section to open and close aquifer recharge openings through the pipe section. The position of the valve controls the extent to which the recharge openings are available for delivery of recharge water into the aquifer. The valve may be a seamless resilient cylinder which expands due to well head pressure to assist in sealing the recharge openings when the valve is closed.

Abstract: A method of making a golf course green drainage system and the system made from the process which includes forming a drainage system field in a golf course green and coupling a drain pipe to the drain field for channeling water collected from the drain field. The process includes selecting a filter system having an inlet and a discharge for filtering water from the golf course green drainage field and placing the selected filter underground remotely from the golf course green and connecting the drain pipe thereto. The filter system discharge is connected to a retention pond so that water collected on a golf course green drainage field is filtered prior to being fed into the retention pond. The process includes selecting a filter having a housing and a hydrocarbon absorbent filter medium therein having a filter screen covering over the hydrocarbon absorbent medium and having a water deflector adjacent the inlet.

Abstract: A method for determining the liquefaction tendency of a water saturated soil is provided in which a driven or self boring probe with a plurality of expanding and contracting bladders imposes a cyclic shear stress reversal on a body of soil in situ, and from the measurement of pore water pressure, the liquefaction potential of the soil can be quantified. A pore water pressure increase during cyclic shear stress reversals indicates a contractive soil which has the potential to liquefy. The method can also quantify the potential of electro-osmosis in preventing soil liquefaction, by energizing a group of at least three electrodes by a d-c power source during the potential onset of liquefaction, and measure the reduction in pore water pressure during subsequent repeated shear stress reversals imposed on the soil by the device.