Abstract: A housing for an electronic device as well as methods for forming the housing are disclosed. The housing can be formed from a substrate having perforations to assist in adhering components internal to the housing. The substrate is typically a multi-layer substrate having at least two layers. In one embodiment, an inner layer of the multi-layer substrate can be provided with perforations. The perforations can them be used to adhere internal features to the multi-layer substrate. The internal features can be used for attaching parts or components to the multi-layer substrate, thereby securing the parts or components to the multi-layer substrate and thus the housing.

Abstract: An indented portion under the opening ring in a can with a ring pull up and open mechanism to ease the opening process of cans. Option of advertising, lotteries and other marketing methods using the indentation to house such marketing literature.

Abstract: A method of making an easy open end for a container includes steps of providing a can end blank having an end panel and forming the can end blank in a series of forming operations that are performed with specialized and unique tooling. The can end is preferably shaped during the forming operations so that a major portion of the end panel is curved. Specifically, the curvature is preferably such that a top surface of the major portion is generally concave and a bottom surface of the major portion is generally convex. The end panel is also preferably shaped and constructed so that the curved major portion will invert in shape upon the application of a sufficient predetermined pressure differential between the top and bottom surfaces. A method of testing a fill level of a sealed container is performed in reliance on this “cricketing” or “oil canning” effect.

Abstract: A method for producing a cylindrical, seamless can body (20) made of metal with associated can top end. The can top end includes a top end ring, that can be connected to the opening edge (21) of the can body (20) and borders a removal opening (30) and a sealing diaphragm (31) arranged on the top end ring and covering the removal opening. A cylindrical, seamless can body blank (10) is produced. Following trimming of the opening edge (11) of the can body blank (10), a cylindrical ring (18) is separated therefrom. The height of the can body blank (10) is preset in such a way that the can body (20) is formed during separation of the cylindrical ring (18). The scrap portion can also be reduced by the method during production of can bodies and top end rings.

Abstract: The present invention describes an apparatus and forming process to manufacture container end closures with improved internal buckle strength. The present invention provides greater material and dimensional control during the forming process by utilizing a pressure sleeve to provide support to at least a portion of an end closure chuck wall and seaming panel radius while placing an end closure countersink in compression during the forming process.

Abstract: The invention describes a lid for a container comprising an edge region (2) for sealing and permanent connection to a container body comprising a body portion and a bottom, and a substantially flat central region as a panel or lid surface (3), on which at least one projecting pin-like or post-like guide element (7?, 7?, 8) is formed extending from the panel (3) towards one side or the other substantially parallel to an axis (9) perpendicular to the lid surface. The posts can guide additional elements which are intended to form a functional unit with the lid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and tooling suitable for handling closure blanks (5) having an external radius (6) at their cut edge at production speeds of about (1200) closures per minute. The external radius (6) limits formation of “angel hair” (a common problem in metal closure production). However, reversing the external radius causes a problem, when producing metal closures having a conventional inward curl at their peripheral edge. Accordingly, the invention proposes a modified curling rail (40) having a first portion (41) to uncurl the external curl (6) on the closure blank (5) and a second portion (45) to urge the straightened side wall of the closure blank (5) towards an inward curl.

Abstract: A can end member has a center panel, a circumferential chuck wall, a transition wall, and a curl. The center panel is centered about a longitudinal axis and has a peripheral edge. The center panel has a peripheral edge. At least a portion of the peripheral edge includes coined segment. The curl defines an outer perimeter of the end member. The circumferential chuck wall extends downwardly from the curl to the transition wall. The transition wall connects the chuck wall with the peripheral edge of the center panel. The transition wall has a folded portion extending outwardly relative to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An improved convenience closure that is adapted for sealing an end of a can includes an end panel having a peripheral score, a rivet formation, a mustache score and a flex line score defined therein. The mustache score may include a central portion that is positioned radially inwardly on the end panel relative to the rivet formation. The central portion is preferably curved, with a concave side of the curvature facing the rivet formation. The mustache score also may include first and second preferably symmetrical end portions, each of which is continuous with the central portion. Most of the total length of each of the end portions may be curved away from a nearest portion of the peripheral score, with a convex side of curvature facing the nearest portion of the peripheral score. Tooling for making the convenience closure and a method of making such a convenience disclosure are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a process for production of a lid ring (30) which can be connected to the can body, which borders a discharge opening (38) and has a heat-sealable coating (40) on which to form a can lid (50) a closing membrane (44) can be heat-sealed covering the discharge opening (38), a metal strip (12) with parallel side edges (14, 16) is formed into a tube (20) and the side edges (14, 16) are welded or glued parallel to the tube longitudinal axis (x). The tube (20) produced in this way is divided into tube sections (24) of equal length with cut edges (26, 28) lying in parallel planes. The tube sections (24) are formed into lid rings (30) where a first cut edge (26) is formed into an outer rim (32) for connection to a can body and the second cut edge (28) is curled away from the side intended for the heat-sealable coating (40). The heat-sealable coating (40) is applied to the finished molded lid ring.

Abstract: A can end member has a center panel, a circumferential chuck wall, and a transition wall. The center panel is centered about a longitudinal axis and has a peripheral edge. The center panel also has a step portion located radially outwardly from the longitudinal axis. The step portion has an annular convex portion joined to an annular concave portion and displaces at least a portion of the center panel vertically in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis. The curl defines an outer perimeter of the end member. The circumferential chuck wall extends downwardly from the curl to the transition wall. The transition wall connects the chuck wall with the peripheral edge of the center panel. The transition wall has a folded portion extending outwardly relative to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a flat-panel display device, which has a sufficient shockproof characteristic and in which the number of component parts can be reduced so as to lower in cost. A chassis for a flat-panel display device in accordance with the invention supports a component member such as a flat-panel display element 500, and is characterized in that a main body of the chassis 100 comprises a plurality of roughly triangle openings 120 at least one side of which is adjacent and roughly parallel to a side of another opening 120 or an outer edge of the main body of the chassis 100.

Abstract: A can end (1) having a chuck wall (3) which is inclined at an angle of between 30° and 60°. The chuck wall (3) is provided with an image (9) such as a logo, pattern, printed or etched image, typically for promotional purposes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a rolled reinforcing rib in an end shell of a container body in a single stroke and at a single station of a single or double action press prior to removal of the shell from the press. A blank disc is cut from sheet material by a punch core advanced by an outer ram. A chuckwall is then formed between a central panel and an outer flange. The central panel is clamped against a die core and a portion of the chuckwall is clamped against a die core ring. An unclamped portion of the chuckwall is located in a void formed between the punch core and die core ring and is rolled into the reinforcing rib upon continued advancement of inner and outer pressure sleeve while maintaining a tight clamping engagement of the central panel and outer flange of the blank disc. Simultaneous removal of the clamping force applied by the punch core and inner and outer pressure sleeves retain the rib in its rolled condition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a rolled reinforcing rib in an end shell of a container body in a single stroke and at a single station of a double action press prior to removal of the shell from the press. A blank disc is cut from sheet material by a punch core advanced by an outer ram. A chuckwall is then formed between a central panel and an outer flange. The central panel is clamped against a die core and a portion of the chuckwall is clamped against a die core ring. An unclamped portion of the chuckwall is located in a void formed between the punch core and die core ring and is rolled into the reinforcing rib upon continued advancement of inner and outer pressure sleeve while maintaining a tight clamping engagement of the central panel and outer flange of the blank disc. Simultaneous removal of the clamping force applied by the punch core and inner and outer pressure sleeves retain the rib in its rolled condition.

Abstract: The sheets (1) and (2) are cut separately in rectangular shapes and with one of their corners recessed (1.2) and (2.4) and the sheet (1) slightly larger than the other one, double, on layer (2.1) an alignment of cylindrical lenses (2.2) which reflect images from the other internal sub-sheet (2.3), the two sheets (1) and (2) are superimposed; they are joined and their rims hooked together, in a tube (3) with the vertical upper recesses; a small flange (1.3) is configured at the top covering the rim of the sheet (2), except for the recess thereof, with one of the ends of the small flange (1.3) overlapping the other; the lip (1.4) is inserted in the stepped piece (4.1) of the bottom (4) of the container; the latter is flanged (4.2).

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for manufacturing articles (e.g., opening tabs) to be included in cans, a metal strip is fed into an article forming unit in which the metal strip is punched and stamped to form the articles. Before the article forming operation, the strip is provided with laser engravings on at least one of its upper and lower surfaces. The laser engravings are provided on the strip when the strip is in an immobilized condition.

Abstract: A dome of a domed aerosol can end is initially formed and then a crown of the can end is formed so that material flow within a workpiece from which the can end is formed is controlled to substantially eliminate wrinkling problems associated with the use of sheet material which is thinner than conventionally used, for example double reduced steel. The peripheral portion of the workpiece is initially clamped between a blank punch and a draw pad, and also between a knockout and a crown ring. An outer first portion of the dome is then formed by an outer redraw sleeve and a dome form die. An inner second portion of the dome is next formed by a dome punch and the dome form die. There may be limited contact of the dome punch with the workpiece during formation of the first portion of the dome and the workpiece may also be clamped between the outer redraw sleeve and the dome form die during formation of the second dome portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing opening tabs for containers comprises providing sheet material, from which tabs are to be formed, with locating apertures. The sheet material is located within a printing machine and printed information is applied to the sheet material at predetermined locations. The pre-printed sheet material is then located on a forming machine and opening tabs are formed in the location of the pre-printed information and applied to can opening ends.

Abstract: Ends for cans are made in a single press, eliminating the need for separate shell and conversion presses, balancers, track work, and other equipment, as compared to existing can end manufacturing systems, while reducing floor space and capital investment requirements for installation of a new can end line. A sheet of end material or stock is introduced into the press and fed to a series of work stations. The sheet is maintained in a substantially continuous and void free state as the work stations perform forming operations on the sheet of material to form one or more ends therein. After the forming operation is complete, the end is ejected from the press. The maintenance of the sheet of material in a substantially continuous and void free state permits precise movement of the sheet through the press, and registration of the sheet relative to the tooling in the press.

Abstract: A method for strengthening an end member for a container comprises the steps of providing an end member shell and reforming the end member shell. The finished the end member has a central panel wall with a product side and a public side. The public side has a means for opening a frangible panel segment. The end member shell has a central panel extending radially outwardly from a central axis, a panel radius along a peripheral edge of the central panel, a countersink integral with the panel radius, a chuckwall extending upwardly from the countersink having a bend with a radius of curvature and angled axially outwardly, and a seaming curl defining the outer perimeter of the end member shell and integral with the chuckwall. The chuckwall of the end member shell is reformed to decrease the radius of curvature of the bend.

Abstract: A method of forming a can end comprises the step of forming a substantially circular metal blank having a periphery and a center panel. An annular recessed panel is subsequently formed in the blank. The recessed panel has a first depth in relation to a substantially annular portion of the blank contiguously formed with the recessed panel. The substantially annular portion of the blank is then coined while the recessed panel is re-formed to a second depth in relation to the substantially annular portion of the blank. The second depth is greater than the first depth. Forming the can end in this manner minimizes warpage of the can end, and thereby allows the can end to be formed from a relatively thin sheet of metal.

Abstract: A method of making an easy-open end for a container includes steps of forming first and second grooves in a panel of a can end blank, the grooves extending below the level of the panel to form inner and outer beads and forming a central bead in the panel between the first and second grooves so that the central bead extends above the panel. A score is then formed along the central bead by simultaneously forming the score and compressing the central bead, so that the depth of the score and the thickness of the central bead are both positively controlled. The inner and outer beads are then forced toward each other and then toward the panel, and the central bead is forced toward the panel. A pull-tab is then fixed to the end. This process permits the score residual to be controlled to a greater tolerance than the conventional processes, and is also more material efficient.

Abstract: Sealant is applied onto or into a folded-seam closure of a metal can. Instead of introducing sealant into the U-shaped lid flange and drying, the compound or sealant is applied to the base flange. The base of the metal can is dipped into a current of fluid sealant or atl least brought into contact with it at the surface. This substantially imnproves the precision of dosing and the exact amount of applied sealant.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment of the disclosed can lid has a center panel having a central axis that is perpendicular to a diameter of the outer rim, or peripheral curl portion, of the can lid, an annular countersink surrounding the center panel, an arcuate portion extending radially outward from the annular countersink, a step portion extending radially upward and outward from the arcuate portion, a first transitional portion extending radially outward from the step portion, a second transitional portion extending radially outward and upward from the first transitional portion, and a peripheral curl portion extending outwardly from the second transitional portion.

Abstract: A method of making a safety easy-open end for a container includes forming a safety fold that includes an intermediate panel that overlies an end panel of a can end blank and is connected to the end panel by a first bead, a top panel that overlies the intermediate panel and that is connected to the intermediate panel by a second, safety bead, and a transition region connecting the top panel to the double-seam area of the end. Advantageously, the top panel and the intermediate panel are both angled radially outwardly and upwardly with respect to the end panel, which increases the resistance of the safety easy-open end against pressure-induced failure.

Abstract: A method of making a pressure-resistant easy-open end for a container is performed on a conventional easy-open end of the type that has a double-seaming portion, an end panel and a safety fold. The safety fold as is conventional includes an intermediate panel that is unitary with and overlies the end panel and that is connected to the end panel by a first bead, a top panel that is unitary with and overlies the intermediate panel and that is connected to the intermediate panel by a second bead, and a transition region that is unitary with and connects the top panel to the double-seaming portion. The method involves performing an operation on the conventional end so that the top panel is reformed to reside substantially within a second plane and so that the first and second planes intersect at the end panel at a location that is radially inward from said first bead. The result is a modified easy-open end that exhibits markedly improved resistance against pressure-induced failure.

Abstract: A mounting cup for an aerosol container having radially outward extending dimples on the body portion of the mounting cup and radially inward extending indents in the skirt portion of the mounting cup; both the dimples and the indents being aligned with the longitudinal axis of the mounting cup. In the preferred form of the mounting cup, three aligned dimples and indents are spaced equidistant about the circumference of the body portion and the skirt portion, respectively. Additionally, the method of this invention comprises forming a mounting cup having dimples and indents aligned with the longitudinal axis of the mounting cup, wherein the indents are formed in the last stage of a progressive die stamping operation through displacement of the metal of the mounting cup into a recess in the outer surface of the pilot tool during the formation of the skirt portion of the mounting cup.

Abstract: A press-on/pry-off closure includes a separately formed circular end panel, preferably composed of metal, and a surrounding rim composed of a flexible plastic, preferably a thermoplastic polyolefin. The end panel is top-side inserted into the rim and secured between a radially inwardly extending ledge on an interior sidewall of a skirt portion of the rim and a plurality of radially inwardly extending panel-retaining formations adjacent an upper edge of the rim. The skirt includes a removal-assist portion which, in the illustrated embodiment, is in the form a hinged tab integrally formed with the rim. The tab is outwardly pivotable about the hinge axis for applying a lifting force to the rim to facilitate removal of the closure from a container.

Abstract: A non-precurled, non-curled shell is transferred to a reform station. The reform station contains a coin die and a coin punch. The coin die has the desired round finished blank diameter machined into its face. The die cavity has a round die wall which stops the outward flow of material during the coining process. The die wall produces the blank's final shape. During the coining process, the coining punch compresses the scalloped blank edge of the non-curled, non-precurled shell. The coined area causes material to flow outward, coming in contact with the die wall, forming the blanks outer perimeter.

Abstract: A method of coining the score line of container end panels having displaceable portions includes holding a portion of the end panel and coining the score line area thereof between the tapered peripheral edges of the ends of a coining punch and a coining die while controlling the flow of material from the coined area. The apparatus includes a pressure sleeve for engaging a portion of the end panel against the top of the coining die, a control die for supporting the remainder of the end panel and a coining punch for engaging the end panel in the area to be scored. The coining punch and coining die are provided with tapered or beveled shoulders which cooperate to coin the metal therebetween.

Abstract: A resealable can end is provided including a neck member and hat member which can be sealed onto and removed from the neck member of the end, and is capable of containing product under pressure if desired. This end can be added, as by a conventional seam, to a metal container body to obtain resealing containment of partial contents retained in the container, and to provide an improved mouth construction (or pour opening) for better pouring and for comfortable direct drinking from the container. Also disclosed are improved methods of and apparatus for making such a resealable hat and-neck type-of container end.

Abstract: An apparatus for machining a web-shaped workpiece includes a workpiece supply for supplying workpiece rolls each of an elongate thin metal sheet, a processing machine for machining the elongate thin metal sheet into caps, a workpiece feeder for feeding the elongate thin metal sheet to the processing machine, and a product feeder for automatically separating the caps from scrap and feeding the caps to a product collecting mechanism. The apparatus is capable of efficiently and quickly producing various products from the elongate thin metal sheet.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an easy-opened lid from sheet metal is disclosed, wherein an opening is stamped in the lid and the stamped out portion is utilized in manufacturing the lid, thus reducing loss of lid material.

Abstract: Apparatus for decurling a curled lid for a container wherein three decurling units are mounted on a base having an upstanding support wall wherein the first unit provides a partially decurled lid, the second unit provides a further decurled lid for performing a desired measurement and a third unit provides a substantially fully decurled lid for performing another desired measurement.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for making a tamper-evident crown from a sheet of material. The tamper-evident crown includes a top wall, a depending peripheral flange, and a plurality of tabs bent inwardly from a lower circumferential edge of the flange and preferably toward the top wall. The tamper-evident crown is formed in a die structure having upper and lower die sets mounted in a conventional die press for relative movement toward each other. One of the die sets includes a plurality of bending members being movable responsive to the relative movement of the upper and lower die sets toward each other and bending the tabs inwardly toward each other and preferably slightly toward the top wall during formation of the crown.

Abstract: A container end, including a die and the method for making, for pressurized containers includes a circular center panel, an inner annular panel around the center panel, and an outer annular panel around the inner annular panel. The inner annular panel has a generally arcuate cross-section viewed in a plane extending radially from the centerpoint of the container lid. The inner annular panel comprises a plurality of first segments, spaced apart about the circumference of the inner annular panel, and a plurality of second segments, with at least one second segment being positioned between adjacent pairs of first segments. The radius of curvature of the arcuate cross section of each of the first segments is less than the radius of curvature of the arcuate cross section of each of the second segments, so that the radius of curvature of the inner annular panel varies along the circumferential length of the inner annular panel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for forming a cap with a pouring spout for a container. A continuous web is fed to a spout inserting apparatus which inserts a spout directly into the continuous web. The continuous web may thereafter proceed to a label applicator which applies a label to the continuous web over the spout. Thereafter, the continuous web is moved past a dye and press wherein the cap is punched out of the continuous web and the edge is folded to form a cap. Thereafter, the caps are collected, oriented and directed to a point for subsequent use. Additionally, container bottoms may be made by the same method and apparatus. In such a case, the spout is not inserted into the web. Scrap is continuously removed after the caps are cut from the continuous web. The caps may be subsequently processed, i.e. attached to the tops and bottoms of containers.

Abstract: An annular groove of a can end with a reduced radius is disclosed. In one embodiment, this is by a method and apparatus which reworks the can end to increase the strength of the can end by reducing the radius of the annular groove of the can end. This method includes the step of reworking the annular groove of the can end to reduce a magnitude of the annular groove from a first radius to a second radius by exerting an inwardly-directed force on at least part of the annular groove and relative to the annular groove and collapsing at least part of the annular groove inwardly relative to the annular groove.

Abstract: There is described a process for manufacturing a single-component cover (10) for filters for vehicles substantially comprising the steps of: providing a starting single-component slab (10); drawing the slab (10) in the central part (34) thereof; reducing the thickness of the external edge (30) of the slab (10), by a bending step followed by a drawing step and three further bending steps, and by trimming the external edge (30); finally forming the external edge (30); punching the slab (10) in the central part (40) thereof; turning the edge in the central drawn part (40) of the slab (10); threading this central hole (42); and seaming the external edge (30) of the slab (10) to a filter-containing cup (14). (FIG.

Abstract: A method of reforming a countersink (14) of a container end (10) from a shell (10') is disclosed. A shell (10') is provided having a center panel (12') including an initial panel height (A') and an initial panel diameter (D'). The shell further has an integral countersink (14') including an initial countersink depth (A'), an inner wall (30') and an outer wall (32') being joined by a curved countersink bottom (34'). The bottom has an initial bottom radius (R1). The panel (12') is joined to the inner wall (30') of the countersink by a curved shoulder (36') having an initial shoulder radius (R2'). The shell is reformed by decreasing the panel height, increasing the panel diameter and decreasing the countersink depth. The reformed shell (14") is further reform by increasing the panel height and further decreasing the countersink depth.

Abstract: A crown seal for sealing an opening of a bottle including a flange having between twenty-eight and thirty-two flutes around the circumference thereof. Each flute comprises depression having a generally triangular surface area between a pair of ridges. The additional flutes provide more points of contact with the bead are provided, ensuring a securement of increased strength between the crown and bottle.

Abstract: A gasketed mounting cup for an aerosol container having at least one annular sealing bead of gasket material in the channel portion of the mounting cup and method for making same.

Abstract: A method of reforming a countersink (14) of a container end (10) from a shell (10') is disclosed. A shell (10') is provided having a center panel (12') including an initial panel height (A') and an initial panel diameter (D'). The shell further has an integral countersink (14') including an initial countersink depth (A'), an inner wall (30') and an outer wall (32') being joined by a curved countersink bottom (34'). The bottom has an initial bottom radius (R1). The panel (12') is joined to the inner wall (30') of the countersink by a curved shoulder (36') having an initial shoulder radius (R2'). The shell is reformed by decreasing the panel height, increasing the panel diameter and decreasing the countersink depth. The reformed shell (14") is further reform by increasing the panel height and further decreasing the countersink depth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a printed can be draw-forming or draw-redraw-forming a preliminarily printed metal blank or laminate. By forming an original plate for printing by an image processing by a computer, a print image faithful to the original image can be manifested on the side wall portion of the can, and formation of an undesirable stripe pattern can be prevented. Furthermore, a print image excellent in the linearity can be displayed without an error on the draw-formed can in due consideration of the anisotropy owing to the plastic flow of the blank.

Abstract: A core cap is formed from a one-piece sheet metal blank in which an inner cylindrical sleeve is formed and a reverse-fold outer sleeve determining a bight therebetween, and a recess is gradually formed by stamping in the bight and the inner sleeve so as to provide a keyway with parallel side walls symmetrically parallel with the axis of the inner sleeve.

Abstract: A metal dispensing container for contents under pressure comprising a neck portion with a diameter of over 22 mm and a cup-shaped valve portion. A clearance gap of at least 0.5 mm is left between the inside of the neck portion and the cup portion into which the neck portion is fitted following insertion of a seal. The outside of the cup-shaped portion is crimped over the neck portion so that deformation of the seal prevents leakage.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming can ends is disclosed wherein ends are blank from sheet material and formed in a die in which the completed end is formed and removed from the die at a vertical position below the blanking position. Formation and removal of the end beneath the cut line enables better control of the ends after forming. Vacuum is applied to the end underside to positively seat the end against lower die forming elements as the lower elements raise the end to the level of an ejection slot where pressurized air blows the air from between the dies. An automatic lubrication circuit for properly lubricating seal members forming pneumatic cushions for resiliently biasing the various die members is also disclosed.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing a closing structure (3), openable in a controlled manner of a can, in particular a metallic can (1), the method comprising press forming the sheet blank so as to form a bulging zone, forming from the bulging zone a small curved zone, and producing in the region of the curved zone a cut-away part so as to form an aperture (5) including a peripheral skirt (10c), enlarging a part of the peripheral skirt (10c) and fixing by seaming to the aperture (5) a removable closure member (4) by forming a seamed edge portion (10e) constituted by the peripheral skirt (10c).

Abstract: A sheet metal end closure for a container of pressurized products, which closure includes a substantially planar central panel, a countersink around the central panel, a chuckwall around the countersink and a seaming flange around the chuckwall. It further includes an annular downwardly stepped portion between the central panel and the countersink and a coined zone in the panel radius which connects the stepped portion to the countersink. The invention includes a method and apparatus for forming such a sheet metal closure wherein the panel radius between the central panel and the countersink is coined around at least a portion of the circumference of the central panel before the periphery of the central panel is reformed. In accordance with this invention, a major portion of the central panel is moved away from the countersink by depressing the outer peripheral portion of the central panel along with the countersink and chuckwall.