Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a rare earth-containing powder comprising crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in water, drying the crushed alloy material at a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material, and treating the crushed alloy material with a passivating gas at a temperature from the ambient temperature to a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material. Rare earth-containing alloys suitable for use in producing magnets utilizing the powder metallurgy technique, such as Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Co alloys, can be used. The passivating gas can be nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a combination of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. If nitrogen is used as the passivating gas, the resultant powder has a nitrogen surface concentration of from about 0.4 to about 26.8 atomic percent. Moreover, if carbon dioxide is used as the passivating gas, the resultant powder has a carbon surface concentration of from about 0.02 to about 15 atomic percent.

Abstract: A pressure-reaction synthesis process for producing increased stiffness and improved strength-to-weight ratio titanium metal matrix composite materials comprising exothermically reacting a titanium powder or titanium powder alloys with non-metal powders or gas selected from the group consisting of C, B, N, BN, B.sub.4 C, SiC and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 at temperatures from about 900.degree. to about 1300.degree. C., for about 5 to about 30 minutes in a forming die under pressures of from about 1000 to 5000 psi.

Abstract: A high speed tool steel produced by sintering powder, consisting essentially, by weight, of more than 1.5% but not more than 2.2% C, not more than 1.0% Si, not more than 0.6% Mn, 3.0 to 6.0% Cr, an amount of W and Mo in which the content of W+2Mo is in the range of 20 to 30% and in which the ratio of W/2Mo is not less than 1, not more than 5.0% V, 2.0 to 7.0% Nb, the ratio of Nb/V being not less than 0.5, and the balance Fe and incidental impurities, the value of C-Ceq, which Ceq is defined by 0.24+0.033.times.W+0.063.times.Mo+0.2.times.V+0.1.times.Nb, being in a range of -0.20 to 0.05, the density of carbides in the sintered steel having grain size of 2 to 5 .mu.m being in a range of 10,000 to 30,000 pieces/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a reaction which occurs on the surface of a substrate body. Particularly, at least one solid oxidant is contacted with at least one parent metal to result in a reaction therebetween and the formation of a reaction product on the surface of a substrate body.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a rare earth-containing powder comprising crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in a passivating gas at a temperature from ambient temperature to a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material.Additionally, this invention relates to a process for producing a rare earth-containing powder compact comprising crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in water, compacting the crushed alloy material, drying the compacted alloy material at a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material, and treating the compacted alloy material with a passivating gas at a temperature from ambient temperature to a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material.Rare earth-containing alloys suitable for use in producing magnets utilizing the powder metallurgy technique, such as Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Co alloys, can be used.

Abstract: Additions of carbon or tantalum ranging between about 0.1 to about 0.15 weight percent are added to an iron-rare earth metal permanent magnet alloy. The permanent magnet alloy contains the magnetic phase consisting of Fe.sub.14 Nd.sub.2 B (or the equivalent) tetragonal crystals, which is primarily based on neodymium and/or praseodymium, iron and boron. The isotropic melt-spun ribbons of the preferred alloy are characterized by generally improved magnetic properties. The anisotropic magnetic bodies formed from these ribbons are hot worked at temperatures substantially lower than the conventional alloy which does not contain the carbon or tantalum additions, with an improvement in magnetic properties observed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to parts, such as a drive gear and driven gear, for use in a rotary gear pump exhibiting good sliding characteristics against a pump case made of light metals such as aluminum alloys. These parts are obtained by subjecting aluminum alloy powders, which have been solidified at a cooling rate of 100.degree. C./sec or more, or aluminum alloy powders having particle diameters of 350 .mu.m or less, to powder compacting and hot extrusion and optionally further to hot forging, or subjecting the aluminum alloy powders to powder forging.

Abstract: Preparation of feed screw having a wear resistant alloy coating thereon for the injection molding or extrusion of plastic. Nickel-based alloys that have shown themselves to be compatible with inlaid barrel liners by virtue of similar wear ratios, modulus of elasticity, ultimate yield strength, and linear thermal coefficients of expansion, are sprayed at high velocity onto a heated feed screw to mechanically bond the alloy to the feed screw. The alloy is then fused to the feed screw in a controlled manner. Following the fusing process, the feed screw and alloy thereon is heated and allowed to cool in a highly controlled environment to produce a crack-free dense coating of the alloy on the screw substrate.

Abstract: A process for reaction injection molding of ceramic articles is disclosed. The process comprises (a) injecting a fluid, non-dilatant mixture comprising a ceramic powder, a metal powder or mixtures thereof, and a curable ceramic precursor that is a liquid below its curing temperature, into a heated mold, (b) curing the ceramic precursor to produce a hardened molded article, (c) heating the hardened molded article under a suitable atmosphere to a temperature sufficient to convert the ceramic precursor to a ceramic, and (d) sintering the ceramic to the desired density.

Abstract: Self-supporting bodies are produced by reactive infiltration of a parent metal into a boron carbide material which may contain one or both of a boron donor material and a carbon donor material. The reactive infiltration typically results in a composite comprising a boron-containing compound, a carbon-containing compound and residual metal, if desired. The mass to be infiltrated may contain one or more inert filters admixed with the boron carbide material, boron-containing compound and/or carbon-containing compound. The relative amounts of reactants and process conditions may be altered or controlled to yield a body containing varying volume percents of ceramic, metal, ratios of one ceramic to another and porosity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite hard metal body of hard material, a binder and embedded reinforcing material, as well as to a process for the production of the composite hard metal body by methods of powder metallurgy.In order to create a composite hard metal body with improved toughness under load, improved hardness and a lower fracture susceptibility, the invention proposes to build in monocrystalline, preferably needle-shaped and/or platelet-shaped reinforcing materials, coated with an inert layer with respect to the binder metal phase and consisting of borides and/or carbides, and/or nitrides and/or carbonitrides of the elements of Groups IVa or Va or mixtures thereof and/or coated monocrystalline reinforcing material of SiC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, Si.sub.2 N.sub.2 O, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, AlN and/or BN.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a novel method of preparing self-supporting bodies, and to novel products made thereby. In its more specific aspects, this invention relates to a method of producing self-supporting bodies comprising one or more boron-containing compounds, e.g., a boride or a boride and a carbide, by reactive infiltration of a molten parent metal actinide into (1) a bed or mass containing boron carbide and, optionally, (2) at least one of a boron donor material (i.e., a boron-containing material) and a carbon donor material (i.e., a carbon-containing material), (3) a bed or mass comprising a mixture of a boron donor material and a carbon donor material and, optionally, (4) one or more inert fillers in any of the above masses, to form the body.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a novel method of manufacturing a composite body, such as a ZrB.sub.2 -ZrC-Zr (optional) composite body, by utilizing a post-treatment process and to the novel products made thereby. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of modifying a composite body comprising one or more boron-containing compounds (e.g., a boride or a boride and a carbide) which has been made by the reactive infiltration of a molten parent metal into a bed or mass containing boron carbide, and optionally one or more inert fillers, to form the body.

Abstract: Methods of making sintered parts from a metal powder composition that contains an amide lubricant are provided. The composition comprises an iron-based powder and a lubricant that is the reaction product of a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, and a diamine. The composition is compacted in a die, preferably at an elevated temperature of up to about 370.degree. C., at conventional compaction pressures, and then sintered according to standard powder-metallurgical techniques.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for densifying powder metallurgical parts to 100% theoretical density. The method comprises applying a high pressure of 0.1-100 MPa during sintering in a high pressure furnace at a temperature before which the liquid phase is formed and maintaining this pressure during the rest of the sintering cycle until the furnace has cooled to almost room temperature. The method achieves rapid, complete closure of the porosity which results in parts with close dimensional tolerances and practically no warpage.

Abstract: A process for the production of a powder having a nanocrystalline structure from powders of at least two materials of the groups including metals, metallic compounds, and ceramic materials, in a composition which tends to develop an amorphous phase. The starting powders are subjected to high stresses of at least 12 G in a neutral or reducing atmosphere at about 20.degree. C. until there are no crystallites larger than about 10 nm.

Abstract: A cermet alloy having a structure comprising a hard phase and a bonding phase, said hard phase comprising (1) at least one of MC, MN and MCN, wherein M is at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, V, Nb, Ta, Pa, Cr, Mo, U and W and (2) at least one W-Co-B compound; said bonding phase comprising Co. The cermet has superior toughness and hardness, and can be worked by conventional sintering methods. The invention also includes a method for producing the cermet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method of manufacturing a composite body, such as a ZrB.sub.2 -ZrC-Zr composite body, by utilizing a post-treatment technique which may improve the oxidation resistance of the composite body. Moreover, the invention relates to novel products made according to the process. The novel process modifies at least a portion of a composite body by exposing said body to a source of second metal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a high toughness cermet comprising a sintered alloy comprising 75 to 95% by weight of a hard phase of carbide, nitride or carbonitride containing Ti, at least one of W, Mo and Cr, and N and C, and the balance of a binder phase composed mainly of an iron group metal, and inevitable impurities,wherein the content of Ti in said sintered alloy is 35 to 85% by weight calculated on TiN or TiN and TiC, and the contents of W, Mo and Cr are 10 to 40% by weight in total calculated on WC, Mo.sub.2 C and/or Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2,the relative concentration of said binder phase at the 0.01 mm-inner portion from the surface of said sintered alloy is 5 to 50% of the average binder phase concentration of the inner portion, and the relative concentration of said binder phase at the 0.1 mm-inner portion from the surface of said sintered alloy is 70 to 100% of the average binder phase concentration of the inner portion, anda compression stress of 30 kgf/mm.sup.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing an intimate mixture of powders of nickel-chromium-boron-silicon alloy, molybdenum metal powder, and Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2 /NiCr alloy suitable for thermal spray coatings which comprises milling a starting mixture of the above two alloys with molybdenum powder to produce a milled mixture wherein the average particle size is less than about 10 micrometers in diameter, forming an aqueous slurry of the resulting milled mixture and a binder which can be an ammoniacal molybdate compound or polyvinyl alcohol, and agglomerating the milled mixture and binder. The intimate mixture and binder may be sintered in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of about 800.degree. C. to 950.degree. C. for a sufficient time to form a sintered partially alloyed mixture wherein the bulk density is greater than about 1.2 g/cc.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a rare earth-containing material capable of being formed into a permanent magnet comprising crushing a rare earth-containing alloy and treating the alloy with a passivating gas at a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the alloy. This invention further relates to a process for producing a rare earth-containing powder comprising crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in a passivating gas at a temperature from ambient temperature to a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material. This invention also relates to a process for producing a rare earth-containing powder comprising crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in water, drying the crushed alloy material at a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material, and treating the crushed alloy material with a passivating gas at a temperature from the ambient temperature to a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a rare earth-containing powder comprising crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in water, drying the crushed alloy material at a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material, and treating the crushed alloy material with a passivating gas at a temperature from the ambient temperature to a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material. Rare earth-containing alloys suitable for use in producing magnets utilizing the powder metallurgy technique, such as Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Co alloys, can be used. The passivating gas can be nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a combination of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. If nitrogen is used as the passivating gas, the resultant powder has a nitrogen surface concentration of from about 0.4 to about 26.8 atomic percent. Moreover, if carbon dioxide is used as the passivating gas, the resultant powder has a carbon surface concentration of from about 0.02 to about 15 atomic percent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of fabricating various types of bearing materials and the bearing materials produced thereby. The processes of the invention may be used to produce porous self-lubricating bearings, laminated composite bearings (babbitt bearings) and bearings for high temperature application. The processes of the invention involve the use of micro-pyretic synthesis to achieve bearing materials with improved bearing properties, including higher bearing capacity and toughness.

Abstract: A cutting insert of a sintered carbonitride alloy and with a complicated geometry, the insert having improved efficiency. This is obtained by giving the powder non-uniform compaction during pressing of the powder into a press-body so that the ultimate working edges will have a higher relative density than the surrounding, more "supporting" material in the press-body. By these means are often obtained surface defects in the form of cracks because of dissolved strains during the sintering.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrically conductive sintered silicon carbide body having an electric resistivity of not higher than 1 .OMEGA..multidot.cm, which is produced by(a) mixing(1) a first silicon carbide powder having a mean grain size of from 0.1 to 10 .mu.m with(2) a second silicon carbide powder having a mean grain size of not greater than 0.1 .mu.m prepared by(2-1) introducing a starting gas composed of a silane compound of silicon halide and a hydrocarbon into a plasma of a non-oxidative atmosphere, and(2-2) conducting gas phase reaction between the silane compound or silicon halide and the hydrocarbon while controlling the pressure of the reaction system within the range of from less than 1 atom to 0.1 torr, and(3) optionally, a carbon powder which is required for reducing oxides contained in both the first and second silicon carbide powders,(b) optionally reducing the oxides with the carbon, and(c) heating the resulting mixture for sintering. Also, processes of producing the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A material for valve seats comprising a wear resisting sintered ferro alloy formed by dispersing particles of a high speed steel in a matrix in which hard alloy particles are dispersed. Steps for forming include mixing particles of a matrix material, carbide material and a hard alloy, and blending the mixture with high speed steel particles, pressurizing and compacting the mixture after blending, then sintering them at 1000.degree. to 1200.degree. C. In the preferred method, at least one element of Fe, C, Ni, Co, Si or Mn is included as the matrix material, and at least one element of Fe, Cr, Mo or V as the carbide material and at least one element of Fe, Cr, Mo, Co, C or W as the hard alloy are prepared. Furthermore, the ferro alloy preferably includes the following amounts of the above mentioned elements, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % of C, 1 to 25 wt % of one or more of Cr, Mo, V, or W and 1 to 15 wt % of one or more of Co, Ni, Mn, or Si.

Abstract: Methods for preparing sintered components from iron-containing and alloy steel powder are provided. The methods includes compacting a powder mixture in a die set at a pressure of at least about 25 tsi to produce a green compact which is then presintered at a temperature of about 1100.degree.-1600.degree. F. (593.degree.-870.degree. C.) for at least about 5 minutes to produce a presintered preform. The presintered preform is then compacted at a pressure of at least about 25 tsi to produce a double-pressed presintered preform, which is, in turn, sintered at a temperature of at least about 1000.degree. C. for at least about 5 minutes to produce a sintered component having improved transverse rupture strength and a higher density.

Abstract: Metal and ceramic particles of various morphologies are clad with a coating from the transition metal group consisting of silver, gold, copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, aluminum etc., or combinations thereof, to provide improved coated particles for microelectronics or metal matrix composites or other uses. Refractory metal precursor core particles, such as tungsten, molybdenum, niobium and zirconium, as examples, are provided from a composite of tungsten and copper, for example, made by pressurizing and infiltrating or liquid phase sintering of molten copper into a porous tungsten skeleton. Precursor chip particles derived from a tungsten impregnated billet are used as starter particles which may be further enhanced by cogrinding in an attritor ball mill with smaller copper particles to thereby produce an enhanced copper clad-coating of tungsten particles with predetermined percent by weight of copper and tungsten content.

Abstract: A method for producing a camshaft having a tubular steel shaft and a sintered cam piece joined to the shaft. The sintered cam piece has iron tetroxide film at its surface. The camshaft is produced by assembling a powder compact to the steel shaft to provide a camshaft assembly, sintering the assembly to provide an integral assembly, correcting bending to the assembly, annealing the assembly, grinding the cam piece and effecting vaporization treatment to the assembly at a temperature lower than the annealing temperature.

Abstract: A ceramic-based coating is provided on a sealing surface of a sealing assembly component by processing and applying a powder mixture of ceramic particles and metal binder, encasing the coating of powder on the sealing surface by applying a metallic cover thereover, evacuating the atmosphere between the cover and coating, hot isostatic pressing the component and coating, cooling the component and coating, and after cooling thereof removing the cover from the coating.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a dense cermet article including about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase and about 5-20% by volume of a metal binder phase. The hard phase is (a) the hard refractory carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, carboxynitrides, borides, and mixtures thereof of the elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, and B, or (b) the hard refractory carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides, and mixtures thereof of a cubic solid solution of Zr--Ti, Hf--Ti, Hf--Zr, V--Ti, Nb--Ti, Ta--Ti, Mo--Ti, W--Ti, W--Hf, W--Nb, or W--Ta. The binder phase is a combination of Ni and Al having a Ni:Al weight ratio of from about 85:15 to about 88:12, and 0-5% by weight of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Co, B, and/or C. The method involves presintering the hard phase/binder phase mixture in a vacuum or inert atmosphere at about 1475.degree.-1675.degree. C., then HIPing at about 1575.degree.-1675.degree. C.

Abstract: Process for the powder-metallurgical production of work pieces, particularly tools, containing high-melting point carbides and/or carbonitrides homogeneously distributed in a matrix, in which an amount of elements of the IVa and Va groups, or secondary groups, of the periodic table is adjusted to at least 3 weight percent of the alloy, a low carbon and/or nitrogen concentration is established, and primary precipitates are prevented; and a desired carbon and/or nitrogen content is created by atomization of the melt into powder vaporizing medium.

Abstract: A composition containing 30 to 70% chromium carbide, 5 to 20% soft noble metal, 5 to 20% metal fluorides, and 20 to 60% metal binder is used in a powdered metallurgy process for the production of self-lubricating components, such as bearings. The use of the material allows the self-lubricating bearing to maintain its low friction properties over an extended range of operating temperatures.

Abstract: In a process for making tools from medium and high alloy steels or stellites by superplastic precision forming a powder metallurgically produced starting material with an equiaxed structure and more than 30% by volume of carbidic and/or boridic precipitated phase of particle size 1 to 0.2 .mu.m is given a matrix grain size of 1 to 3 .mu.m by thermomechanical processing (hot forming) and formed in the superplastic state.

Abstract: Self-supporting bodies are produced by reactive infiltration of a parent metal into a boron carbide material which may contain one or both of a boron donor material and a carbon donor material. The reactive infiltration typically results in a composite comprising a boron-containing compound, a carbon-containing compound and residual metal, if desired. The mass to be infiltrated may contain one or more inert fillers admixed with the boron carbide material, boron-containing compound and/or carbon-containing compound. The relative amounts of reactants and process conditions may be altered or controlled to yield a body containing varying volume percents of ceramic, metal, ratios of one ceramic to another and porosity.

Abstract: A chromium additive of the formula: Cr.sub.x C.sub.y O.sub.z where 0.04.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.35, and 0.03.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.30 for x=1, said additive having an X ray diffraction peak at d=3.32 .ANG. (2.theta.=26.8.degree.).

Abstract: A method for producing metal carbide grade powders suitable for isostatic compaction which comprises combining a binder metal powder with an esterified wax and heating the wax to a temperature above the melting point of the wax to melt the wax and maintain it in the molten state to form a first mixture, with the amount of wax being sufficient to result in a level of wax in the subsequently produced second mixture of no greater than about 1/2% by weight, combining a metal carbide powder component with the first mixture while maintaining the wax in the molten state, forming a slurry of the second mixture and water, attritor milling the slurry at a temperature below the melting point of the wax, and removing water from the resulting attritor milled mixture to form the metal carbide grade powder.

Abstract: A dispersion strengthened copper alloy containing a copper matrix, and dispersion particles dispersed in the copper matrix within a range of 0.5 to 6 vol %. In this alloy, an average diameter of a matrix region where the dispersion particles are not present is 0.3 .mu.m or less, and the total amount of solid solution elements contained in the copper matrix is determined such that, when this amount of the solid solution elements is added to pure copper, the electric conductivity of the matrix is lowered by 5% IACS or less.

Abstract: A surface refined sintered alloy with a burnt surface, comprising 75 to 95% by weight of a hard phase containing Ti, C and N as the essential components and otherwise comprising at least one of Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W and the balance of the alloy comprising a binder phase composed mainly of Co and/or Ni and inevitable impurities, wherein the sintered alloy satisfies at least two conditions selected from the group consisting of the following (1) to (3):(1) the average grain size of the hard phase in a surface layer to the inner portion of 0.05 mm from the burnt surface of the sintered alloy is 0.8 to 1.2-fold of the average grain size of the hard phase in the inner portion of the sintered alloy excluding the surface layer;(2) the average content of the binder phase in the surface layer to the inner portion of 0.05 mm from the burnt surface of the sintered alloy is 0.7 to 1.

Abstract: Impact resistant clad composite armor and method for forming such armor. The impact resistant clad composite armor includes a ceramic core, and a layer of metal surrounding the ceramic material and bonded to the ceramic core. The metal layer is formed by cold isostatically pressing powder metal surrounding the ceramic core to a high initial density followed by vacuum sintering. The composite armor may be hot isostatically pressed to densify the powder metal to approximately 99% full density.

Abstract: There are disclosed a high strength nitrogen-containing cermet which comprises 7 to 20% by weight of a binder phase composed mainly of Co and/or Ni, with the balance being a hard phase composed mainly of TiC, TiN and/or Ti(C,N) and inevitable impurities, wherein the hard phase comprises 35 to 59% by weight of Ti, 9 to 29% by weight of W, 0.4 to 3.5% by weight of Mo, 4 to 24% by weight of at least one of Ta, Nb, V and Zr, 5.5 to 9.5% by weight of N and 4.5 to 12% by weight of C; and a process for preparing the same which comprises via the formulating, mixing, drying, molding and sintering steps of Co and/or Ni powder, at least one powder of TiC, Ti(C,N) and TiN, WC powder, Mo and/or Mo.sub.2 C, and at least one powder of carbides of Ta, Nb, V and Zr, wherein the sintering step is carried out by elevating the temperature up to 1350.degree. C. in vacuum, with the nitrogen atmosphere being made 1 torr at 1350.degree. C.

Abstract: A magnetically anisotropic hot-worked magnet made of an R-T-B alloy containing a transition metal T as a main component, a rare earth element R including yttrium, and boron B; the magnet having fine crystal grains having an average grain size of 0.02-1.0 .mu.m, and having a carbon content of 0.8 weight % or less than an oxygen content of 0.5 weight % or less. The angular variance of orientation of the crystal grains is within 30.degree. from the C axes of the crystal grains when measured by X-ray. This magnet can be produced by mixing the magnet flakes with an additive composed of at least one organic compound having a boiling point of 50.degree. C. or higher.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing an alloy for use as a cutting tool material comprising hard principles and binder phase by which a uniform distribution of the hard principles in the binder phase is obtained, and the resulting product.

Abstract: Producing a die for use in compacting permanent magnet alloy powder by placing a quantity of a magnetic or nonmagnetic alloy, which may be stainless steel, cobalt- or nickel-base, or a magnetic or nonmagnetic mixture of one of these alloys and carbide particles in a container, heating the particles to an elevated temperature and hot-isostatically compacting the particles at the elevated temperature to obtain a fully dense die blank and forming a die cavity in the die blank. Carbide particles may be mixed with the alloy particles. The die blank may have an exterior cladding of stainless steel.

Abstract: A composite material is disclosed along with the method of making the same. The material comprises a tough grade of cemented carbide granule dispersed with a hard brittle grade of cemented carbide granules to form a matrix. The quantity of hard, brittle cemented carbide granules is between 20% to 60% of the total composition. Such material functions to improve wear resistance without sacrificing toughness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of sintering ceramics and ceramics obtained by said method. According to the present invention, the synthesis and sintering of ceramics can be simultaneously carried out by utilizing the reaction heat generated when at least one metallic element selected from metallic elements of IIb, IVb, Vb and VIb groups of the Periodic Table is combined with at least one nonmetallic element such as B, C N and Si without heat or by preliminarily heating the ceramics at temperatures remarkably lower than the usual sintering temperature ceramics thus-produced are superior in abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: Substantially dense, void-free ceramic-metal composites are prepared from components characterized by chemical incompatibility and non-wetting behavior. The composites have a final chemistry similar to the starting chemistry and microstructures characterized by ceramic grains similar in size to the starting powder and the presence of metal phase. A method for producing the composites requires forming a homogeneous mixture of ceramic-metal, heating the mixture to a temperature that approximates but is below the temperature at which the metal begins to flow and presssing the mixture at such pressure that compaction and densification of the mixture occurs and an induced temperature spike occurs that exceeds the flowing temperature of the metal such that the mixture is further compacted and densified. The temperature spike and duration thereof remains below that at which significant reaction between metal and ceramic occurs. The method requires pressure of 60-250 kpsi employed at a rate of 5-250 kpsi/second.

Abstract: High density compacts are made by providing a compactable particulate combination of Class 1 metals selected from at least one of Ag, Cu and Al, with material selected from at least one of CdO, SnO, SnO.sub.2, C, Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2, Cr.sub.7 C.sub.3, W, WC, W.sub.2 C, WB, Mo, Mo.sub.2 C, MoB, Mo.sub.2 B, TiC, TiN, TiB.sub.2, Si, SiC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, usually by mixing powders of each, step (1); uniaxially pressing the powders to a density of from 60% to 95%, to provide a compact, step (2); hot densifying the compact at a pressure between 352 kg/cm.sup.2 (5,000 psi) and 3,172 kg/cm.sup.2 (45,000 psi) and at a temperature from 50.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. below the melting point or decomposition point of the lower melting component of the compact, to provide densification of the compact to over 97% of theoretical density; step (3); and cooling the compact, step (4).

Abstract: Anisotropic hot-worked permanent magnets are made from an R-T-B alloyed powder to which is added a combination internal lubricant including a carbon-based material such as graphite and a glass material such as glass from the B.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 BiO.sub.3 glass system. The internal lubricant provides improved formability during the hot-working step, such as die-upsetting, and provides finished magnet products wherein the individual grains are more uniformly plastically deformed throughout the product.

Abstract: Cemented carbide substrates having substantially A or B type porosity and a binder enriched layer near its surface are described. A refractory oxide, nitride, boride, and/or carbide coating is deposited on the binder enriched surface of the substrate. Binder enrichment is achieved by incorporating Group IVB or VB transition elements. These elements can be added as the metal, the metal hydride, nitride or carbonitride.