Abstract: Process for increasing mixing in a fluidized bed. A slide, which may be in the form of a tube or trough, transports particles from an upper zone downward to a lower zone at a different horizontal position, thereby changing the horizontal position of the particle and creating lateral mixing in the fluidized bed. Increased mixing may improve efficiency for an apparatus using a fluidized bed. For example, increased lateral mixing in a regenerator may increase temperature and oxygen mixing and reduce stagnation to improve efficiency. A slide may be relatively unobtrusive, inexpensive, and simple for a retrofit or design modification and may improve combustion efficiency at high rates by enhancing the lateral blending of spent and regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: A riser reactor system comprising a riser reactor and a catalyst feed device for fluidized catalyst, the riser reactor having a riser interior in which catalyst is flowing during normal operation, and the feed device comprising an annular trough surrounding the riser interior, the annular trough having an upstream opening for receiving fluidized catalyst, and at least one substantially circumferential downstream opening providing fluid communication between the trough and the riser interior; and a process for the preparation of an olefinic product using a riser reactor system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, the process comprising reacting an oxygenate feedstock in the presence of an oxygenate conversion catalyst under oxygenate-to-olefin conversion conditions in the riser reactor system, to obtain the olefinic product.

Abstract: A fluidized reactor system for removing impurities from a gas and an associated process are provided. The system includes a fluidized absorber for contacting a feed gas with a sorbent stream to reduce the impurity content of the feed gas; a fluidized solids regenerator for contacting an impurity loaded sorbent stream with a regeneration gas to reduce the impurity content of the sorbent stream; a first non-mechanical gas seal forming solids transfer device adapted to receive an impurity loaded sorbent stream from the absorber and transport the impurity loaded sorbent stream to the regenerator at a controllable flow rate in response to an aeration gas; and a second non-mechanical gas seal forming solids transfer device adapted to receive a sorbent stream of reduced impurity content from the regenerator and transfer the sorbent stream of reduced impurity content to the absorber without changing the flow rate of the sorbent stream.

Abstract: Circulating dry scrubbing (CDS) systems and methods utilizes a particle classification unit operation to separate unreacted sorbent (such as lime, limestone, or sodium-based sorbent) such that a reactive fraction of the cut stream may be selectively recovered to a flue gas scrubbing system. This reduces the amount of fresh sorbent that must be supplied for pollutant removal.

Abstract: A process for producing light olefins is provided. A feedstock enters a pre-reaction zone and contacts a catalyst comprising at least one silicon-aluminophosphate molecular sieve and produces a gas-phase stream; the gas-phase stream and the catalyst enter at least one riser, and the gas-phase stream and the catalyst pass from an outlet of the at least one riser and enter a gas-solid rapid separation zone; the separated gas-phase stream enters a separation section; a first portion of the separated catalyst returns to the pre-reaction zone, and a second portion is regenerated in a regenerator; wherein an inlet of the at least one riser extends into the pre-reaction zone, about 60% to about 90% of the height of the at least one riser passes through a heat exchange zone, and the outlet extends into the gas-solid rapid separation zone.

Abstract: Embodiments of a hydrocarbon conversion apparatus are provided, as are embodiments of a hydroprocessing conversion process. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbon conversion apparatus includes a reaction vessel having a reaction chamber and a feed distribution chamber. A riser fluidly couples the feed distribution chamber to the reaction chamber, and a catalyst recirculation standpipe fluidly couples the reaction chamber to the feed distribution chamber. The catalyst recirculation standpipe forms a catalyst recirculation circuit with the reaction chamber, the feed distribution chamber, and the riser. A catalyst is circulated through the catalyst recirculation circuit during operation of the hydrocarbon conversion apparatus.

Abstract: The invention describes a radial bed catalytic conversion unit having an outer cylindrical chamber (1), an inner chamber (2) which is also cylindrical, the annular zone included between the outer chamber and the inner chamber, termed the reaction zone (1), being filled with catalyst under slow gravitational flow, and the feed being introduced via an inlet pipe (E), connected to an intermediate box (F) which is in turn connected to a plurality of distribution tubes (3) disposed inside the reaction zone (I) in the vicinity of the outer chamber (1).

Abstract: An improved draft tube spout fluid bed (DTSFB) mixing, handling, conveying, and treating apparatus and systems, and methods for operating are provided. The apparatus and systems can accept particulate material and pneumatically or hydraulically conveying the material to mix and/or treat the material. In addition to conveying apparatus, a collection and separation apparatus adapted to receive the conveyed particulate material is also provided. The collection apparatus may include an impaction plate against which the conveyed material is directed to improve mixing and/or treatment. The improved apparatus are characterized by means of controlling the operation of the pneumatic or hydraulic transfer to enhance the mixing and/or reacting by controlling the flow of fluids, for example, air, into and out of the apparatus. The disclosed apparatus may be used to mix particulate material, for example, mortar; react fluids with particulate material; coat particulate material, or simply convey particulate material.

Abstract: A composite continuous countercurrent fluidized moving bed (FMB) and/or expanded moving bed (EMB) may be used for carrying out processes of recovery, purification or reaction of single or multiple component/s of interest, by contacting liquid phase containing the component/s with a solid adsorbent in continuous countercurrent mode. The net movement of the solids is against the liquid, flowing in upward direction through stages/columns, and sedimenting solids from the one stage/column are continuously fed to the top of another stage/column placed below or alongside of previous stage/column; and also operating in fluidized/expanded bed mode, wherein its countercurrent contact with up-flowing liquid is carried out. A system described herein may include a number of stages/columns. The FMB/EMB system can be used in processes for continuous recovery, purifications or reactions of various products.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor comprising a reaction column having a fluid portion; a gas inflow means for flowing a gas upwardly from the fluid portion of the reaction column; a particle feed means for feeding particles to the fluid portion of the reaction column; a cyclone capable of separating particles from the gas flowing upwardly from the fluid portion of the reaction column, the cyclone being located within the reaction column and being in communication with the gas flowing upwardly, wherein the cyclone comprises a cyclone body having an inlet, a gas outlet, and a particle drop port; and a particle discharge pipe having an upper part connected to the particle drop port of the cyclone body, and a lower part, wherein the particle discharge pipe is located substantially outside of the reaction column.

Abstract: Process for introducing a solid polymerization catalyst into a gas-phase fluidized bed using an injection device having an inner tube of internal cross-sectional area of 10 to 100 mm2 and an outer tube forming an annulus around the inner tube with a cross-sectional area of 1 to 10 times the internal cross-sectional area of the inner tube. The polymerization catalyst and a carrier gas are passed through the inner tube and into the gas-phase fluidized bed at a carrier gas linear velocity of 4 to 14 m/s and a carrier gas mass flow rate of 10-35 kg/h. A shielding gas is passed through the outer tube and into the gas-phase fluidized bed at a linear velocity of 1 to 10 times the carrier gas linear velocity through the inner tube and at a mass flow rate of 100-500 kg/h. No cooled recycle process gas is provided to the injection device.

Abstract: A system includes a reactor-adsorber configured to receive a gas, a regenerator configured to receive a saturated CO2 adsorption material from the reactor-adsorber, a first solids pressurizing feeder configured to convey the saturated CO2 adsorption material from the reactor-adsorber to the regenerator, and a second solids pressurizing feeder configured to convey a regenerated CO2 adsorption material from the regenerator to the reactor-adsorber. The reactor-adsorber includes a catalyst material configured to catalyze a water gas shift reaction of the gas to generate a hydrogen-rich gas, and a CO2 adsorption material configured to adsorb CO2 from the hydrogen-rich gas to generate the saturated CO2 adsorption material. The regenerator is configured to regenerate the saturated CO2 adsorption material to provide the regenerated CO2 adsorption material and CO2.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are presented for drying a catalyst in a reactor-regenerator system. The process includes a continuous operating system with catalyst circulating between a reactor and regenerator, and the catalyst is dried before returning the catalyst to the reactor. The process uses air that is split between the drying stage and the combustion stage without adding equipment outside of the regenerator, minimizing energy, capital cost, and space requirements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant and a process for the looping-type combustion of solid carbon-containing fuels with a carbon dioxide (CO2) flow output. Said process carries out the conversion of carbon without the help of solid carriers of the MyOx type, or of sulphate/sulphide type, and comprises the steps of: (i) Oxidation, wherein the carbon-containing solids are contacted with a gaseous flow comprising oxygen, for a time period and at a temperature sufficient to allow formation of a surface oxidized complex; (ii) Desorption, wherein the surface oxidized complexes generated by adsorption of oxygen in item (i) are released in a gaseous form by decomposition in the absence of O2.

Abstract: A dam arrangement is provided for confining catalyst and other particles. The dam can be arranged in a wide variety of configurations. In one embodiment, blocks are provided that are releasably secured to the top tubesheet by means of magnets, and sheets are secured to the blocks to create a dam. In another embodiment, the blocks are releasably secured to the tubesheet by fasteners which project into the tops of some of the tubes and then lock into those tubes.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of gasoline in a fluid catalytic cracking unit having at least one principal reactor operating using feeds with a low Conradson Carbon and a high hydrogen content, said process comprising recycling a coking cut either to a side chamber branching off the stripper or within the stripper itself by means of a tubular vessel within said stripper.

Abstract: Production of polycrystalline silicon in a substantially closed-loop process is disclosed. The processes generally include decomposition of trichlorosilane produced from metallurgical grade silicon.

Abstract: Process for heating a polymer-containing stream being transferred from a polymerization reactor to a separation zone or device, by passing the stream through at least two heaters operating in parallel, each heater having at least one transfer line for the stream and a heater for heating the transfer line. The average particle of the polymer is below 3 mm, the temperature of the polymer-containing stream at the outlet of all heaters is maintained above the dew point of the stream, and no heater has a volumetric flowrate of polymer-containing stream more than three times that of any other heater.

Abstract: Circulating dry scrubbing (CDS) systems and methods utilizes a particle classification unit operation to separate unreacted sorbent (such as lime, limestone, or sodium-based sorbent) such that a reactive fraction of the cut stream may be selectively recovered to a flue gas scrubbing system. This reduces the amount of fresh sorbent that must be supplied for pollutant removal.

Abstract: A pyrolysis apparatus comprises a substantially closed pyrolyzer (4), a supply inlet for supplying pyrolyzable fuel to the pyrolyzer (4), an outlet for taking hot bed material in particle form out of the pyrolyzer, one or more exit outlets (6) for taking condensible gaseous substances separated from the fuel to be pyrolyzed out of the pyrolyzer, a condenser (8) for condensing the condensible gaseous substances into pyrolysis oil, and a line (7) for transferring the condensible gaseous substances from the exit outlet of the pyrolyzer (4) to the condenser (8). The means for maintaining pyrolysis conditions in the pyrolyzer (4) comprise an inlet for taking hot bed material in particle form into the pyrolyzer and means (5) for supplying fluidizing gas to the pyrolyzer. The pyrolyzer (4) is a chamber bounded directly by a furnace (1) of a bubbling fluidized bed boiler, through which chamber fluidized bed material is arranged to be circulated between the inlet and the outlet.

Abstract: A pneumatic conveying system for conveying hydrated lime is provided with ambient air for the pneumatic conveying system from a scrubber that removes carbon dioxide from the ambient air used in the conveying system. The scrubber includes a bed of hydrated lime through which ambient air is passed, to react carbon dioxide in the air with the hydrated lime in a reaction that forms limestone and water. The air that has passed through the fluidized bed, which is essentially carbon dioxide free, is also passed through a filter to remove particles suspended in the carbon dioxide free air. The carbon dioxide free air from the filter is provided to the pneumatic conveying system. The use of carbon dioxide free air ensures that the hydrated lime being transported in the conveying system will not react in the various conduits and ducts of the pneumatic conveying system to cause problems.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and an apparatus for regeneration of spent FCC catalyst using multiple reactors operation resulting in wide variation of coke on spent catalyst are disclosed. This process uses an up flow regenerator with divided injection of spent catalyst based on their coke content to control the residence time for its efficient regeneration and reduced hydrothermal deactivation. This system has the advantage of minimizing the exposure to the high temperature of low coked catalyst to the minimum possible time and high coke contained catalyst to the required time for its complete regeneration.

Abstract: A method of gasification by introducing a feed material to be subjected to gasification into a dual fluidized bed gasifier comprising a pyrolyzer fluidly connected with a combustor such that a circulation stream comprising a heat transfer material can be continuously circulated between the pyrolyzer, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is reduced, and the combustor, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is increased, wherein the pyrolyzer is operable to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and wherein the combustor is operable to increase the temperature of the circulation stream via combustion of char introduced thereto with the circulation stream and at least one supplemental fuel. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus for controlling the average particle size and the particle size distribution during a fluidized bed process in a fluidized bed reactor. More particularly, this disclosure relates to a method, system, and apparatus for controlling the average silicon particle size and the silicon particle size distribution during the production of high purity silicon.

Abstract: A circulating fluid bed reactor such as that used in fluid coking processes has a circular dense bed reaction section above the reactor base where the fluidizing gas is injected and a plurality of frusto-conical baffles in the dense bed reaction section, each of which depends downwardly and radially inwards from the reactor wall to a lower, inner edge defining a central aperture. The baffles are preferably provided with downcomers which permit downward flow of solids and upward flow of gas through the baffles.

Abstract: Solvent extraction is used to remove wax and contaminants from an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in a natural circulation continuous-flow system. The wax-free catalyst is then subjected to controlled oxidation to convert the iron to its initial oxidized state, Fe2O3. Reactivation of the oxide catalyst precursor is carried out by addition of synthesis gas.

Abstract: A gas hydrate production apparatus capable of reacting a raw gas with a raw water to thereby form a slurry gas hydrate and capable of removing water from the slurry gas hydrate by means of a gravitational dewatering unit. The gravitational dewatering unit is one including a cylindrical first tower body; a cylindrical dewatering part disposed on top of the first tower body; a water receiving part disposed outside the dewatering part; and a cylindrical second tower body disposed on top of the dewatering part, wherein the cross-sectional area of the second tower body is continuously or intermittently increased upward from the bottom.

Abstract: In the gasification furnace raw material supplying apparatus, the protective gas (36) is jetted toward the fluidized bed (4) formed in the fluidized bed gasification furnace (1) from an end portion on the downstream side (B) of the screw feeder (28) in the raw material supplying direction using the nozzle (42) in the screw shaft (27). In addition, the protective gas (36) is jetted toward the fluidized bed (4) from the periphery of the end portion on the downstream side (B) of the screw feeder (28) in the raw material supplying direction using the nozzles (37) provided at the furnace wall (23) of the fluidized bed gasification furnace (1). As a result, the end portion of the screw shaft (27) on the downstream side (B) in the raw material supplying direction is prevented from being exposed to the bed material which is a component of the fluidized bed (4), and abrasion of the front end portion of the screw can be suppressed.

Abstract: A fuel gasification system including a gasification furnace including a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas for gasifying fuel charged into gasification gas and flammable solid content, a combustion furnace for combustion of the flammable solid content into which the flammable solid content produced in the furnace is introduced together with bed material and that includes a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas, a material separator such as hot cyclone that separates bed material from exhaust gas introduced from the combustion furnace, the separated bed material being fed through a downcomer to the gasification furnace, and a tar decomposing mechanism that heats the gasification gas produced in the furnace to decompose tar contained in the gasification gas.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material are provided herein. The apparatus comprises a reheater for containing a fluidized bubbling bed comprising an oxygen-containing gas, inorganic heat carrier particles, and char and for burning the char into ash to form heated inorganic particles. An inorganic particle cooler is in fluid communication with the reheater to receive a first portion of the heated inorganic particles. The inorganic particle cooler is configured to receive a cooling medium for indirect heat exchange with the first portion of the heated inorganic particles to form first partially-cooled heated inorganic particles that are fluidly communicated to the reheater and combined with a second portion of the heated inorganic particles to form second partially-cooled heated inorganic particles. A reactor is in fluid communication with the reheater to receive the second partially-cooled heated inorganic particles.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the separation of a particulate-fluid suspension are provided. An apparatus for the separation of a particulate-fluid suspension can include an enclosed vessel having two or more sections disposed coaxially along a common longitudinal centerline, wherein a first section has a first cross sectional area and a second section has a second cross sectional area. A plurality of apertures can be disposed about the second section. The apparatus can have a cylindrical surface, parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the apparatus, disposed within the first section. A fluid distribution channel having a plurality of apertures can be disposed either about an exterior surface or an interior of the apparatus. A plurality of fluid conduits can provide fluid communication between the fluid distribution channel and the plurality of apertures distributed about the second section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compact riser separation system for Fluid Catalytic Cracking reactors possessing an external riser system wherein the riser enters the reactor from outside the reactor vessel.

Abstract: The auger gasifier described includes, in its preferred embodiments, a vertically elongated (“oblong”) primary gasifier chamber with an auger that can move up and down, allowing for large amounts of fuel input when necessary. This improvement, in turn, requires and/or is facilitated by provision for simultaneous elevation adjustments of the auger and bed dam to assure that fuel material is processed in degrees from the top downward without sweeping massive amounts of the fluidized bed materials towards the output end of the chamber. Another improvement involves provision for pressurization of the primary gasifier chamber, allowing substantial improvements in the speed of processing materials through the gasifier. Due to issues arising from thermal expansion of the refractory material lining the chamber, provision is made for nozzle and refractory imbedded pipe hole thermal expansion capability.

Abstract: A polycrystal silicon manufacturing apparatus and a method of manufacturing polycrystal silicon using the same are disclosed. The polycrystal silicon manufacturing apparatus includes a reaction pipe comprising silicon particles provided therein; a flowing-gas supply unit configured to supply flowing gas to the silicon particles provided in the reaction pipe; and a first pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure of a first area in the reaction pipe; a second pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure of a second area in the reaction pipe; and a particle outlet configured to exhaust polycrystal silicon formed in the reaction pipe outside, when a difference between a first pressure measured by the first pressure sensor and a second pressure measured by the second pressure sensor is a reference pressure value or more.

Abstract: A system includes a fluidization device including a flow passage configured to convey a flow of solid fuel particles in a downstream direction, and a body disposed within the flow passage. The body is configured to direct the flow of solid fuel particles between the body and an outer wall of the flow passage. The fluidization device also includes a carrier gas injection port positioned radially outward from the body. The carrier gas injection port is configured to provide a flow of carrier gas in the downstream direction to break up agglomerations within the flow of solid fuel particles.

Abstract: Systems and processes for the alkylation of a hydrocarbon are provided that utilize a plurality of moving bed radial flow reactors. An olefin injection point can be provided prior to each reactor by providing a mixer that mixes olefin with a hydrocarbon feed, or with the effluent stream from an upstream reactor, to produce a reactor feed stream. Catalyst can be provided from the reaction zone of one reactor to the reaction zone of a downstream reactor through catalyst transfer pipes, and can be regenerated after passing through the reaction zones of the reactors. The moving bed radial flow reactors can be stacked in one or more reactor stacks.

Abstract: An improved spent catalyst regenerator which contains sub-troughs branching off from the main trough, distribution troughs which extend outward from the sides of the main trough and the sub-troughs, and downflow tubes extending downward from the bottom of the main trough and sub-troughs.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes. The apparatus includes a reaction chamber and a rotating member. The reaction chamber provides a reaction space in which metal catalysts and a source gas react with one another to produce carbon nanotubes. The rotating member increases fluidizing of the metal catalysts in the reaction space to increase productivity and raise the gas conversion rate, thereby reducing the price of carbon nanotubes and preventing adhering of metal catalysts to the sidewall of the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A process for mixing regenerated and carbonized catalyst involves obstructing upward flow of catalyst by one or more baffles between a catalyst inlet and a feed distributor. Each catalyst stream may be passed to opposite sides of a riser. Baffles obstruct upward flow to effect mixing of regenerated and carbonized catalyst to obtain a more uniform temperature and catalyst mixture before contacting the feed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oil-derived hydrocarbon converter comprising a catalytic cracking vessel (1) in the presence of catalyst particles in fluidized phase and a regenerator, for regenerating said catalyst particles by burning off the coke deposited on them, said catalyst circulating between said cracking vessel and said regenerator, said regenerator being a reactor (2) integrated into a combustion installation for steam generation comprising carbon dioxide capture.

Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment, a system for reacting a first feed can include a petroleum fraction having at least about 90%, by volume, with a boiling point of at least about 300° C. The system can include a bubble column reactor. The bubble column reactor, in turn, can include a first inlet for the first feed and a second inlet for a second feed including a gas rich in hydrogen. In addition, the petroleum fraction may be in counter-current flow with respect to the gas rich in hydrogen inside the bubble column reactor.

Abstract: A gas hydrate production apparatus capable of reacting a raw gas with a raw water to thereby form a slurry gas hydrate and capable of removing water from the slurry gas hydrate by means of a gravitational dewatering unit. The gravitational dewatering unit is one including a cylindrical first tower body; a cylindrical dewatering part disposed on top of the first tower body; a water receiving part disposed outside the dewatering part; and a cylindrical second tower body disposed on top of the dewatering part, wherein the cross-sectional area of the second tower body is continuously or intermittently increased upward from the bottom.

Abstract: A system for depressurizing and cooling a high pressure, high temperature dense phase solids stream having coarse solid particles with entrained gas therein. In one aspect, the system has an apparatus for at least partially depressurizing and cooling the high pressure, high temperature dense phase solids stream having gas entrained therein and a pressure letdown device for further depressurization and separating cooled coarse solid particles from a portion of the entrained gas, resulting in a lower temperature, lower pressure outlet of solid particles for downstream processing or discharge to a storage silo for future use and/or disposal. There are no moving parts in the flow path of the solids stream in the system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling product discharge from a fluidized bed reactor and for minimizing the loss of the unreacted monomer in the fluidizing gas upon removing the solid polymer product from the reactor. The method and apparatus utilize at least one detector in the product tank or its vent line and a control system in communication with the detector and the product tank fill valve, along with certain algorithms, to adjust by an iterative process, the product discharge time, thereby maximizing resin fill in the product tank and minimizing the lost reactor gas volume.

Abstract: The invention has its object to arbitrarily adjust an amount of particles to be circulated without changing a flow rate of a gasification agent to thereby enhance gasification efficiency in a fluidized bed gasification furnace. The fluidized bed gasification furnace 107 comprises first and second chambers 113 and 114 in communication with each other in a fluidized bed 105. The hot particles 102 separated in the separator 104 and raw material M are introduced into the first chamber 113. The particles 102 introduced from the first chamber 113 through interior in the fluidized bed 105 to the second chamber 114 are supplied in an overflow manner to the fluidized bed combustion furnace 100.

Abstract: A pyrolysis apparatus comprises a furnace (1) operating by fluidized bed combustion, a pyrolyzer (4) and flow paths, which connect the furnace (1) and the pyrolyzer (4) for arranging the circulation (C) of carrier material of the fluidized bed combustion between the furnace and the pyrolyzer .The apparatus also comprises a supply inlet (14) for supplying fuel to be pyrolyzed to the pyrolyzer (4), fluidizing gas supply means (5) arranged in the pyrolyzer for fluidizing the mixture of carrier material and fuel, and an outlet (6) for taking condensible gaseous substances separated from the fuel to be pyrolyzed out of the pyrolyzer (4), and a condenser for condensing the condensible gaseous substances.

Abstract: A system, for production of high-quality syngas, comprising a first dual fluidized bed loop having a fluid bed conditioner operable to produce high quality syngas comprising a first percentage of components other than CO and H2 from a gas feed, wherein the conditioner comprises an outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature, and an inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature greater than the first temperature; a fluid bed combustor operable to combust fuel and oxidant, wherein the fluid bed combustor comprises an inlet connected with the outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner, and an outlet connected with the inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner; and a catalytic heat transfer material.

Abstract: An FCC apparatus may include a distributor disposed in a recess in a wall of the riser for distributing gaseous hydrocarbon feed to a riser. The distributor may be shielded from upwardly flowing catalyst by a shield. An array of nozzles from the distributor may extend through openings in the shield.

Abstract: An improved process and system for the endothermic dehydrogenation of an alkane stream is described. The process and system for catalytic dehydrogenation comprise a back-mixed fluidized bed reactor. The alkane stream is dehydrogenated in a single reactor stage by contacting the alkane stream with a back-mixed fluidized bed of catalyst. Deactivated catalyst is withdrawn from the back-mixed fluidized reactor and heated to produce hot regenerated catalyst. The hot regenerated catalyst is returned to the back-mixed fluidized bed reactor at a rate sufficient to maintain the back-mixed fluidized bed reactor at substantially isothermal conditions.

Abstract: A process for removing hydrogen halide and water from hydrolyzates obtained by way of halogen-acid hydrolysis from vegetable biomasses. Two containers are connected to each other via a tube. Two flows are fed in at the inlet of the first container, one representing the hydrolyzates and the other a heat transfer medium; both flows are sprayed together in the first container, producing a homogeneous mixing of the two flows, including heat transfer, which subsequently results in complete evaporation of water and the hydrogen halide dissolved in the hydrolyzates. The evaporation produces a mixture of granular solid bodies and heat transfer medium droplets that is pulled from the first container into the second container through the connecting tube via a pressure gradient. The second container is configured as a cyclone or centrifugal force precipitator, and there is a separation of liquid and solid constituents from the gas.