Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes. The apparatus includes a reaction chamber and a rotating member. The reaction chamber provides a reaction space in which metal catalysts and a source gas react with one another to produce carbon nanotubes. The rotating member increases fluidizing of the metal catalysts in the reaction space to increase productivity and raise the gas conversion rate, thereby reducing the price of carbon nanotubes and preventing adhering of metal catalysts to the sidewall of the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor for producing hydrogen from methane by steam reforming includes a flow splitter that splits a dense-phase flow of a gas having entrained calcium oxide particles into a plurality of equal flow streams. The reactor also incorporates an orifice plate having at least one high-velocity, rocket-style impinging injector for injecting reactants into the reactor bed. The injector includes a central orifice extending perpendicularly through the plate, and one or more adjacent peripheral orifices that extend through the plate at such an angle that respective streams of reactants injected into the reactor bed through the peripheral orifices impinge on a stream of reactants injected vertically into the reactor bed through the central orifice. The injector cooperates with adjacent base-bleed orifices in the plate to provide a uniform distribution and rapid mixing of the calcium oxide particles with a steam/methane gas mixture across the entire bottom of the reactor bed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a powder transfer device that has a simple construction, yet enables the powder discharge rate to be easily controlled, as well as a polyolefin powder production process using such a powder transfer device. A powder transfer device includes a downcomer which extends downward, and a gas slider situated below the downcomer. The gas slider has, on a side thereof facing an opening at a bottom end of the downcomer, a gas dispersion plate in which a plurality of gas outlets are formed.

Abstract: A device for the fluidized bed cracking of a hydrocarbon charge using two reaction chambers linked together by a cooling particles transferrer, a fractionating column and conduits to supply the hydrocarbonated effluents from each of the two chambers to the fractionating column. The fractionating column has, internally, at least two different areas: a first partitioned fractionating area in the form of two compartments, each of which communicates with a second common fractionating area. The conduits for the supply of effluents from the first and the second reaction chamber terminate, respectively, in the first and second compartment of the partitioned fractionating area. A recycler and an injector are provided for recycling and injecting into one of the reaction chambers of at least one cut drawn off from the partitioned fractionating compartment of the effluents of the other reaction chamber.

Abstract: A device and a method for operating it for application in a vertical tube reactor with downward flow (downer), has the aim of ensuring the intimate mixing of the solid particulate catalyst with a reagent fluid. Homogeneous distribution of catalyst is due to the use of a plate having perforations. Said perforated plate normally allows the passage of a portion of the stream of catalyst. The other portion overflows the edge of the plate, flowing in the form of an annular curtain, near the inner surface of the surrounding tube of the device. After passing beyond the perforated plate, the curtain-flow undergoes a deflection produced by an annular screen, to be mixed with the stream originating from the orifices in the perforated plate. A hydrocarbon charge is injected below the perforated plate, forming a certain angle with respect to the direction of the downward flow of catalyst, by means of inlets distributed uniformly about cross sections of the surrounding tube.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an apparatus for the production of inorganic fullerene-like (IF) nanoparticles and nanotubes. The apparatus comprises a chemical reactor, and is further associated with a feeding set up and with a temperature control means for controlling the temperature along the reaction path inside the reactor so as to maintain the temperature to be substantially constant. The invention is further directed to a method for the synthesis of IF-WO3 nanoparticles having spherical shape and having a size up to 0.5 mu m and nanotubes having a length of up to several hundred mu m and a cross-sectional dimension of up to 200 nanometer.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed contacting hydrocarbon feed with catalyst in a reactor vessel under conditions more vigorous than bubbling bed conditions and preferably fast fluidized flow conditions. The vigorous conditions assure thorough mixing of catalyst and feed to suppress formation of dry gas and the promotion of hydrogen transfer reactions.

Abstract: A method for loading a particulate catalyst into a vertical catalyst tube includes (i) introducing catalyst loading apparatus into a vertical catalyst tube, (ii) loading catalyst particles into the top of the tube whereinafter they contact the apparatus as they pass down the tube, forming a uniform bed of catalyst beneath the apparatus and (iii) simultaneously removing the apparatus from the catalyst tube in timed relationship to the catalyst loading, wherein the apparatus includes one or more deflector units, each deflector unit including a plurality of inclined deflector plates arranged on a rigid elongate member such that all the catalyst particles are deflected by one or more of the plates as they pass through the or each unit.

Abstract: A mobile fluid cracking catalyst injection system and a method of controlling a fluid catalyst cracking process is provided. In one embodiment, a mobile fluid catalyst cracking system includes a transportable platform, a catalyst reservoir coupled to the platform and a flow control device coupled to an outlet of the reservoir and adapted to control the flow of catalyst from the reservoir to a fluid catalyst cracking unit (FCCU).

Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus, system, and method for chemical synthesis and/or analysis are disclosed. One embodiment of a disclosed apparatus comprises a laminated, microfluidic structure defining a reactor and a separator. Such apparatuses, or portions thereof, generally have dimensions ranging from about 1 micrometer to about 100 micrometers. To implement synthetic processes, disclosed embodiments of the apparatus generally include at least one valve, and often plural, selectively actuatable valves. Detectors, including optical detectors, also can be used to detect product and other materials as they flow by, or are otherwise presented to, the detector. Individual apparatuses may be coupled both in series and in parallel to form a system for making chemical compounds. The apparatus is particularly useful for making compounds requiring iterative reaction schemes, and further can be used to make compounds having morphological structures that resemble the morphology of the apparatus itself, such as dendrimers.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous material, in which (a) gasifying carbonaceous material is gasified in a gasification reactor of a gasification system to produce a product gas, (b) the product gas, ash particles entrained with the product gas, residual carbon, and gasified tar compounds are discharged from the gasification reactor to a product gas channel, (c) the product gas discharged from the gasification reactor is cooled using a gas cooler disposed along the product gas channel, so that the tar compounds are condensed to a liquid from that tends to stick to heat exchange surfaces of the gas cooler, (d) solid material including the ash particles and the residual carbon is separated from the gasification system, (e) the solid material separated from the gasification system is guided to an ash reactor, and oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the ash reactor, whereby the residual carbon in the solid material reacts with oxygen, and additional ash particles and exhaust gas are generated,

Abstract: A fluidized bed apparatus having an agglomeration passage in which is positioned a removeable venturi inset.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for continuous high temperature gas treatment of particulate matter, which can perform uniform high temperature gas treatment of particulate matter; and a method for treating particulate matter using the continuous high temperature gas treatment of particulate matter. The apparatus comprises a starting material supply port 1 through which starting particulate matter is supplied from an upper part of the apparatus; a treating gas supply port 2 through which a treating gas is supplied; a product discharge port 3 through which a product after treatment is discharged from a lower part of the apparatus; a treatment chamber 4 in which the particulate matter is treated with the treating gas; a gas-solid separation chamber 5 provided in fluid communication with an upper part of the treatment chamber 4; and a cooling chamber 6 provided in fluid communication with a lower part of the treatment chamber 4.

Abstract: The gas-phase fluidized-bed reactor conducting reaction by feeding a gas, through a gas-distribution plate located at the lower part of a reaction vessel, into a fluidized bed formed on the gas-distribution plate, wherein the reaction vessel is made up so as to have a narrowed part at a specified position of the gas flow passage above the gas-distribution plate, and the fluidized bed is formed in the area from below the narrowed part to above the narrowed part. The gas-phase fluidized bed rector of the present invention allows manufacturing polymers having excellent homogeneity of polymer structure in gas-phase polymerization.

Abstract: A process for preparing granular polysilicon using a fluidized bed reactor is disclosed. The upper and lower spaces of the bed are defined as a reaction zone and a heating zone, respectively, with the height of the reaction gas outlet being selected as the reference height. The invention maximizes the reactor productivity by sufficiently providing the heat required and stably maintaining the reaction temperature in the reaction zone, without impairing the mechanical stability of the fluidized bed reactor. This is achieved through electrical resistance heating in the heating zone where an internal heater is installed in a space in between the reaction gas supplying means and the inner wall of the reactor tube, thereby heating the fluidizing gas and the silicon particles in the heating zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device with a rotating fluidized bed in one or a succession of cylindrical chambers, in which injectors (12), distributed around the fixed circular wall (2) of said cylindrical chamber(s), inject along this wall, in successive layers, one or more fluids (13), which entrain the solid particles (17), passing through this/these chamber(s), in a movement of rapid rotation whereof the centrifugal force concentrates these particles along this wall, thereby forming a fluidized bed rotating around a central duct or a plurality of central ducts (3), through which the fluids are removed. The present invention further relates to a method of catalytic polymerization, drying or other treatments of solid particles in suspension in a rotating fluidized bed or of catalytic conversion of fluids passing through said rotating fluidized bed using a device according to the present invention.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for metering catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst injection system are provided. In one embodiment, apparatus for metering catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst injection system includes a low pressure storage vessel coupled to a pressure vessel that defines a high pressure side of the apparatus, where the determination of the amount of catalyst transferred is made on the low pressure side of the apparatus.

Abstract: Removal of the product from the top of the reactor enables a decreased disengaging height and provides a passive means of controlling the bed level despite deposition increasing the weight and height of the bed. The savings from reducing the disengaging height allow use of a taller fluidized bed in a shorter overall reactor length and thus provides increased production with reduced reactor cost. The separation of the gas inlet from the product outlet allows the gas inlet area to be cooler than the product outlet. The separation of the product grinding, caused by the inlet gas, from the product outlet reduces the loss of seed in the product and produces a more uniform product. Removing the hot product and the hot gas at the same place allows energy recovery from both in a single step.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking reactor vessel includes enhanced components for the conversion of a hydrogen gas and fossil fuel feedstream to light liquid hydrocarbons. The reactor vessel comprises one or more of a reactor cup riser with a helical cyclonic separator conduit for separating a liquid and vapor product stream to provide an essentially vapor-free liquid recycle stream; a grid plate bubble cap with wall housing having serrated edges for producing small hydrogen bubbles of increased total surface area of bubbles at lower pressure drop; a feedstream inlet pipe sparger containing rows of downward directed slots for even distribution of the feedstream across the cross-sectional area of the reactor and providing free drain of solid particles from the sparger; and optionally a liquid recycle inlet distributor containing vertically curved plates for creating a whirling motion in the liquid recycle stream for better mixing with the feedstream with minimal solids settling.

Abstract: A method for carrying out endothermic or exothermic gas phase reactions by using a tube bundle reactor with a tube bundle of catalyst-filled reaction tubes comprises the following steps: a) Introducing a reaction gas mixture into the reaction tubes; b) Dividing-up of the reaction gas mixture flow flowing through each of the reaction tubes into at least two partial flows, each partial flow having the same composition; c) Feeding-in of each partial flow at a different point along the catalyst filling with an existing flow resistance; d) Determining the desired partial flow volume for each partial flow (V1, V2, V3, V4); e) Calculating the pressure at the point of the first division of the reaction gas mixture (9); f) Calculating the pressure in the catalyst filling (12) at the point of feeding-in of each partial flow (V1, V2, V3, V4); and g) Setting of flow resistance for each point of feeding-in in such a way that the flow resistance at the desired partial flow volume corresponds to the pressure difference bet

Abstract: The invention is a multi-catalyst injection system. In one embodiment, the system comprises a plurality of catalyst storage regions associated with a vessel and a metering device associated with the vessel. The metering device is configured to provide a metric indicative of an amount of catalyst dispensed from a selected one of the catalyst storage regions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved separator for use in hydrocarbon cracking process.

Abstract: A method of declogging at least one filter of a plant for manufacturing uranium oxide from uranium hexafluoride, including separating, from the wall of the filter, uranium oxyfluoride particles deposited, by a stream of inert gas such as nitrogen, injected into the filter, in a counter-currentwise direction to the flow of hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: This invention provides feed introduction devices, and processes for using same, which minimize catalyst clogging. In particular, the invention is to a feed introduction device having a first end in fluid communication with a feed source, a second end in fluid communication with a reactor and a deviation zone between the first end and the second end to deviate the flow of feed about a deviation angle from the first end toward the second end. According to the invention, the deviation angle is greater than 90 degrees.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor is disclosed. The fluidized-bed reactor steadies the gas flow through the fluidized bed chamber of the reactor. The swirl chamber of the reactor consists of a conical housing in which a conical insert is also situated. This creates an annular gap between the housing and the insert, which acts as the swirl chamber and which, according to the geometry of the two components, causes a velocity of the gas flow which remains the same along the height, which increases or which decreases. Such a reactor can also be called a constant annular-gap reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus is presented for contacting a bed of particulate material with a cross flowing fluid, and which maintains the bed of particulate material within a retention volume. The apparatus includes panels for covering fluid inlet and outlet apertures and for retaining solid particles within the contacting bed. The apparatus is designed to promote the flow of solid particles through the bed and to prevent solid particles from spilling through inlet and outlet apertures.

Abstract: Systems and methods of reducing carbon dioxide emissions in a fluid catalytic cracking unit are disclosed. In one example, the method comprises mixing spent catalyst from the reactor and regenerated catalyst from the regenerator to define a catalyst feed. The method further comprises introducing the catalyst feed in the reactor of the unit to react with a reactor feedstock. The catalyst feed has a reactor pass to regenerator pass ratio of between about 5:1 and 15:1 under gasification conditions in the regenerator, thereby reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

Abstract: The current invention relates to an apparatus for the production of stable oxy-chloro acid. The invention allows for simple ion exchange while modifying the pH to allow the chlorous acid to be in a stable form so that it does not rapidly degrading into chlorine dioxide and can be used as an effective biocide and cleaning composition. The apparatus also provides for an uninterrupted production of chlorous acid, which allows for the use of chlorous acid to be used in batch or continuous cleaning treatments.

Abstract: The invention is a catalyst injection system and method for injecting catalyst. In one embodiment, a fluid catalytic injection system includes vessel configured to store one or more catalysts, a pressure transmitter, a pressure control valve, a discharge valve, and a controller. The pressure control valve is coupled to the vessel and regulates the gas pressure therein. The discharge valve is coupled to the vessel and controls a discharge of catalyst from the vessel. The pressure transmitter provides a metric of pressure to the controller as an input. The controller contains instructions, that when executed, prevents the simultaneous opening of the pressure control valve and the discharge valve. In another embodiment, a method for injecting catalyst into a fluid catalytic cracking unit is provided. The method includes regulating pressure within a catalyst storage vessel, changing an amount of catalyst in the storage vessel, and preventing a simultaneous occurrence of the regulating and changing steps.

Abstract: A test unit for the study of catalysts in short contact time reactions between a catalyst and at least one reagent, with a down transported flow reactor (4), with a load inlet (13, 13a, 13b) and a discharge outlet (14) linked with an admission inlet (15) to an upper chamber (39) of a separator (5) internally divided into an upper chamber (39) and a lower chamber (41) by a porous element (40) that is permeable to gases and impermeable to solid particles of catalyst, and a first preheater (1) provided with an outlet (2, 2a) connected with the inlet (13, 13a, 13b) of the reactor (4) via a load duct (42) in such a way that arranged between the outlet (2, 2a) and the load inlet (13, 13a, 13b) are some obturator means (3, 3a) in which the catalyst is heated to a desired temperature before they are loaded into the reactor (4).

Abstract: An distributor arrangement introduces spent FCC catalyst more uniformly across the dense bed of the regenerator to provide more even contact with regeneration gas in order to avoid hot spots and zones of incomplete combustion. The invention forms a fluidized hopper to collect spent catalyst and a horizontally extended header with multiple horizontally extended outlet arms to place catalyst into the regenerator. The invention may use an aeration means to fluidize the header to further assist catalyst flow. Furthermore, the spent catalyst delivered to the top of the regenerator dense reduces NOx emissions in the flue gas.

Abstract: The invention is a multi-catalyst injection system. In one embodiment, the system comprises a vessel suitable for storing fluid cracking catalyst and having a separator defining at least two compartments within the vessel. A plenum is defined in the vessel and is fluidly coupled to each of the compartments. A plurality of dispense mechanisms are respectively coupled to a respective compartment to control the flow of catalyst from the injection system.

Abstract: A fluidizing apparatus includes a supply duct (1) for supplying liquid under pressure to a lower portion of a vessel (11) containing a fluidizable material. The supply duct (1) extends into the vessel. The outlet end of the apparatus includes one or more jets (212) for directing the flow of liquid into the vessel (11) substantially transversely to the major axis of the supply duct (1). An outlet duct (12) for removing the fluidized material from the vessel (11) is also included.

Abstract: An FCC process and apparatus may include injecting hydrocarbon feedstock at different radial positions inside a riser. Multiple distributors may be used to position the openings for injecting feedstock at multiple radial positions. In addition, the openings may be away from riser peripheral wall and at different elevations along the riser wall or extending up from the riser bottom. The different opening positions introduce the feedstock across a larger area of the cross-section of the riser, which may improve the feedstock dispersion and mixing with catalyst. Improved mixing may increase conversion of the feedstock. Larger FCC units generally have greater riser diameters that may cause problems for feedstock dispersion and decrease the ability for the feedstock to mix with catalyst. Injecting the feedstock at multiple radial positions may improve feedstock dispersion in larger FCC units and increase mixing.

Abstract: A reactor apparatus and process for contacting hydrocarbons with catalyst. The reactor apparatus comprises a plurality of tubular reactors each having a first end into which a catalyst is fed and a second end through which the catalyst and product exit the tubular reactor. A catalyst retention zone is provided to contain catalyst and feed catalyst to the tubular reactors. A separation zone is provided to separate the catalyst from products of a reaction conducted in the apparatus. A transport conduit having a first end in fluid communication with the second ends of at least two of the tubular reactors and a second end extending into the separation zone transports product and catalyst to the separation zone. A catalyst return in fluid communication with the separation zone and the catalyst retention zone returns catalyst to the catalyst retention zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of functionalising a powdered substrate. The method comprises the following steps, which method comprises passing a gas into a means for forming excited and/or unstable gas species, typically an atmospheric pressure plasma or the like and treating the gas such that, upon leaving said means, the gas comprises excited and/or unstable gas species which are substantially free of electric charge. The gas comprising the excited and/or unstable gas species which are substantially free of electric charge is then used to treat a powdered substrate and a functionalising precursor in a downstream region external to the means for forming excited and/or unstable gas, wherein neither the powdered substrate nor the functionalising precursor have been subjected to steps (i) and (ii) and wherein said functionalising precursor is introduced simultaneously with or subsequent to introduction of the powdered substrate. Preferably the method takes place in a fluidised bed.

Abstract: A feed nozzle assembly located near the bottom of an FCC riser reactor includes a plurality of feed nozzles, each feed nozzle including a discharge end which is angled toward the center of the riser. The angled discharged ends provide a combined discharge of hydrocarbon feed and atomization gas into the central portion of the riser thereby providing a desirable feed/catalyst contact condition while preventing impingement of the feed upon the riser walls.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for stripping gases from solids comprises a structured packing in a stripping section of a vessel. The structured packing comprises a plurality of corrugated ribbons with each corrugated ribbon having at least two faces angular to each other. The ribbons at least partially obstruct passage of the solid particles. Edges of adjacent ribbons defining openings for the passage of contacted particles.

Abstract: A reactor apparatus and related method for controlling at least one process variable in a circulating fluid bed oxygenates to olefins reactor system comprising a riser are provided. The process variable is selected from at least one of (i) space velocity, (ii) average reaction temperature, (iii) conversion of reactant, and (iv) average coke level on catalyst. Typically, a corresponding set point for at least one process variable is selected from (1) reactant feed rate, (2) feed enthalpy, (3) reactor temperature-related function, e.g., mid-temperature or rate of temperature rise along a portion of the reactor, and (4) catalyst hold-up in the riser of the reactor. A corresponding manipulated variable is selected from (a) feed flow control valve(s), (b) feed preheat rate, (c) activity of the catalyst in the reactor, and (d) amount of catalyst in the reaction zone.

Abstract: An FCC process and apparatus comprising an enlarged riser section and a distributor in an elevated position and with an opening in its tip away from riser walls may reduce coke build-up along the interior walls of a riser. Catalytic mixing may be improved, which could reduce riser coking by increasing hydrocarbon contact with catalyst before contacting the riser wall. Increasing the distance between the introduction of the hydrocarbon and the riser wall may increase this likelihood for hydrocarbon-catalyst contact. Highly contaminated hydrocarbons cause greater coking than do normal hydrocarbons and this FCC process and apparatus may be effective in decreasing riser coking on such heavy hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An addition apparatus, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system having an addition apparatus, and a method for adding material to an FCC unit are provided. In one embodiment, an addition system for an FCC unit includes a container, a first eductor and a sensor. The eductor is coupled to an outlet of the container. The sensor is configured to detect a metric of material dispensed from the container through the eductor. A valve is provided for controlling the flow through the eductor. A controller provides a control signal for regulating an operational state of the valve. In another embodiment, an FCC system having an addition system is provided. In yet another embodiment, a method for adding material to an FCC unit is provided.

Abstract: Solvent extraction is used to remove wax and contaminants from an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in a natural circulation continuous-flow system. The wax-free catalyst is then subjected to controlled oxidation to convert the iron to its initial oxidized state, Fe2O3. Reactivation of the oxide catalyst precursor is carried out by addition of synthesis gas.

Abstract: A stripping apparatus for desorbing gases from solid particles through which flows counter-currently a stripping fluid is described, which comprises a series of sets of at least two parallel, segmented, baffle plates each, with the segmented baffles being oriented so that the rows are offset relative to rows of other levels, where the thickness and separation of said sets of baffles is so dimensioned as to reduce coalescence of the size of the formed bubbles and optimize the hydrocarbons desorption from said fluidized solid particles. The solid particles are mainly spent catalyst particles from a FCC process. The stripping process to be carried out in a fluidized bed comprises contacting the spent catalyst with a stripping fluid that flows upwardly in the fluidized bed in the form of bubbles. Adsorbed hydrocarbons present in the spent catalyst are transferred from the catalyst emulsion that flows downwardly to the upwardly moving bubbles, so as to promote the efficient recovery of cracked products.

Abstract: An improved angled annular deflector for a gas-phase polymerization reactor and improved method for delivery of a stream of polymerizable fluid to a gas-phase polymerization reator. The angled annular deflector has an outer surface with a conical shape, an inner surface, and an inner cavity along a central axis, said cavity open at both ends, the inner surface having a first end and a second end, and the first end of the inner surface mated to the apex end of the outer surface: and an upper surface mated to the base end of the outer surface and to the second end of the inner surface; wherein the outer surface, the inner surface, and the upper surface form a substantially closed chamber. The angled annular deflector being adapted to associate with a cone-shaped bottom portion of a fluidized bed polymerization reactor vessel.

Abstract: The inventive reactor contains a fixed bed into whose lower area an oxygen-containing gasifying agent is introduced. Said gasifying agent moves upwards in the fixed bed. Product gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide is guided out of the reactor over the fixed bed, through a discharge channel. At least one cyclone is located in the reactor for separating solids from the product gas. Said cyclone has an inlet for the dust-laden product gas coming from the fixed bed, a discharge line for product gas and a solids removal line leading into the fixed bed. Said cyclone discharge line is connected to the discharge channel of the reactor.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic reactor vessel having at its upper end a single centrally positioned primary cyclone having a gas-solids inlet fluidly connected to the downstream end of a fluid catalytic riser, which riser is positioned externally from a fluid catalytic reactor vessel. The primary cyclone is further provided with a gas outlet conduit at its upper end fluidly connected to one or more secondary cyclone separators, which secondary cyclone separators are positioned in the space between the centrally positioned primary cyclone and the wall of the reactor vessel and which secondary cyclones have means to discharge solids to the lower end of the reactor vessel and means to discharge a gaseous stream poor in solids to a gas outlet of the reactor vessel. The primary cyclone is further provided with a primary stripping zone at its lower end and means to discharge pre-stripped solids from the primary cyclone to the lower end of the reactor vessel.

Abstract: A reactor conduit discharges into a disengaging chamber that is directly connected to a separator. A dipleg of the separator is directly connected to the disengaging chamber or to an intermediate chamber which is in direct communication with the disengaging chamber.

Abstract: An arrangement for directing exhaust gases from at least one particle separator of a circulating fluidized bed reactor system to a heat recovery section includes a gas plenum located above a reaction chamber, the gas plenum being defined by a ceiling, a bottom, and walls and being integrated with the reaction chamber. The walls of the gas plenum are provided with at least one inlet opening for cleaned exhaust gases, each of which is coupled with a discharge duct connected to one of the particle separators, for directing the cleaned exhaust gases from the particle separators to the gas plenum, from where the cleaned exhaust gases are directed to the heat recovery section downstream of the gas plenum. The reaction chamber is at least partially formed by water tube panels, and the enclosure of the gas plenum is also formed by water tube panels as extensions of water tube panels of the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A fluidized bed apparatus for batch-by-batch or continuous process control is provided that allows the processes in the fluidization region to be influenced as desired, especially in terms of material movement and dwell time. The fluidized bed apparatus is formed from at least two processing regions and the processing regions are connected to each other by overflow channels. The first processing region is provided with a solids inlet and the last processing region is provided with a solids outlet. For influencing the dwell time, the material to be treated is supplied to at least two processing regions one after the other and flows through these regions, wherein the material transport direction is a cross flow relative to the flow of the fluidization means.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of catalysts or catalyst carriers by: a) introducing and distributing a gas in the lower section of a reactor containing a catalyst or catalyst carrier bulk material; b) forming a fluidized bed in the reactor; c) treating the particles in the fluidized bed while removing the fine particles an/or retaining the course particles by means of a separating organ and d) discharging the reactor. To this end, a reactor bottom which tapers downwards is used.