Abstract: An improved spent catalyst regenerator which contains sub-troughs branching off from the main trough, distribution troughs which extend outward from the sides of the main trough and the sub-troughs, and downflow tubes extending downward from the bottom of the main trough and sub-troughs.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a fluid catalytic cracking system. The system can include a reaction zone, in turn including a reactor receiving, a fluidizing stream, a fuel gas stream, a fluidizable catalyst, a stream having an effective amount of oxygen for combusting the fuel gas stream, and a feed.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a fluid catalytic cracking system. The system can include a reaction zone operating at conditions to facilitate olefin production and including at least one riser. The at least one riser can receive a first feed having a boiling point of about 180-about 800° C., and a second feed having more than about 70%, by weight, of one or more C4+ olefins.

Abstract: Systems for preparing silicon tetrafluoride by the thermal decomposition of an alkali or alkaline earth-metal fluorosilicate. The system includes a drying apparatus for removing moisture from a fluorosilicate feed; a fluidized bed reactor comprising a reaction chamber for thermal decomposition of fluorosilicate into silicon tetrafluoride gas and an alkali or alkaline earth-metal fluoride; a heater apparatus and an exhaust gas treatment system for treating gases discharged from the fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for combusting dry gas to heat the air supplied to an FCC regenerator to increase its temperature and minimize production of undesirable combustion products. Preferably, the dry gas is a selected FCC product gas. Alternatively or additionally, dry gas from an FCC product stream is separated and delivered to an expander to recover power before combustion.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for combusting dry gas to heat the air fed to an FCC regenerator to increase its temperature and minimize production of undesirable combustion products. Preferably, the dry gas is a selected FCC product gas. Alternatively or additionally, dry gas from an FCC product stream is separated and delivered to an expander to recover power before combustion.

Abstract: A process of producing magnetite with a high purity of greater than 90% magnetite, more typically greater than 98% magnetite, by reducing powdered hematite into magnetite under maximum temperatures of about 700 to 1300° C. against a counter-current of or concurrent with methane or natural gas in a heating device. The amount of methane used to reduce the hematite may be about 0.18 and 1.8 standard cubic feet of methane per pound of hematite. A product of high purity methane produced from the process is also provided, where the magnetite is below 1 ?M in diameter and has a magnetic saturation greater than 90.0 emu/g. Corresponding apparatus using an improved feeder system for powdered hematite is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is a process of producing chlorosilanes from a reaction of silicon tetrachloride in the presence of metallurgical grade silicon in a fluidized bed reactor, such that the fluidized bed reactor does not have an internal heat exchanger.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for fluid catalytic cracking, including, fluidizing a hydrocarbon stream in a riser, cracking the hydrocarbon stream with catalyst in the riser to produce a cracked stream and spent catalyst, separating the cracked stream and the spent catalyst in a primary separator to obtain a cracked stream with a first concentration of spent catalyst, and transporting the cracked stream with the first concentration of spent catalyst through a conduit to a multi-cyclone separator comprising multiple cyclones extending through a tube sheet to obtain a cracked stream with a second concentration of spent catalyst. The invention is also directed to an apparatus for catalytic cracking including a riser, a primary separator, a disengagement vessel surrounding the primary separator to collect the catalyst, a gas conduit having a first end in fluid connection with the disengagement vessel, and a multi-cyclone separator comprising a plurality of cyclones.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor for producing hydrogen from methane by steam reforming includes a flow splitter that splits a dense-phase flow of a gas having entrained calcium oxide particles into a plurality of equal flow streams. The reactor also incorporates an orifice plate having at least one high-velocity, rocket-style impinging injector for injecting reactants into the reactor bed. The injector includes a central orifice extending perpendicularly through the plate, and one or more adjacent peripheral orifices that extend through the plate at such an angle that respective streams of reactants injected into the reactor bed through the peripheral orifices impinge on a stream of reactants injected vertically into the reactor bed through the central orifice. The injector cooperates with adjacent base-bleed orifices in the plate to provide a uniform distribution and rapid mixing of the calcium oxide particles with a steam/methane gas mixture across the entire bottom of the reactor bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reaction or separation device, wherein the materials circularly flow in a container and a pipe. Said device contains a container and an external circular pipe, wherein the container is a double-chamber structure. The inner chamber consists of an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder with the latter being jacketed by the former, and there is a space between the walls of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. The lower end of the outer cylinder is open and higher than the bottom of the container, and the outer cylinder is fixed to the wall or bottom of the container. The upper end of the inner cylinder is open and its lower end connects with the external circular pipe through the feed outlet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovering power from an FCC product. The dry gas is combusted and combined with FCC regenerator flue gas to raise the power recovery capability of the flue gas. The flue gas can be used to generate electrical power or steam. Alternatively or additionally, dry gas from an FCC product stream is separated and delivered to an expander to recover power before combustion.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for recovering power from an FCC product. The dry gas is combusted and combined with FCC regenerator flue gas to raise the power recovery capability of the flue gas. The flue gas can be used to generate electrical power or steam. Alternatively or additionally, dry gas from an FCC product stream is separated and delivered to an expander to recover power before combustion.

Abstract: A process for preparing granular polysilicon using a fluidized bed reactor is disclosed. The upper and lower spaces of the bed are defined as a reaction zone and a heating zone, respectively, with the height of the reaction gas outlet being selected as the reference height. The invention maximizes the reactor productivity by sufficiently providing the heat required and stably maintaining the reaction temperature in the reaction zone, without impairing the mechanical stability of the fluidized bed reactor. This is achieved through electrical resistance heating in the heating zone where an internal heater is installed in a space in between the reaction gas supplying means and the inner wall of the reactor tube, thereby heating the fluidizing gas and the silicon particles in the heating zone.

Abstract: A riser reactor for fluidized catalytic conversion process consists of a prelift zone, a first reaction zone, a second reaction zone with enlarged diameter, an outlet zone with reduced diameter along coaxial direction form bottom to top, and the end of the outlet zone connects to a horizontal tube. The reactor is used for adjusting different operating conditions to process single or plural feedstock in each different reaction zone for producing the desired product.

Abstract: A process for high temperature hydrolysis of halosilanes and halides with the steps of: providing a bed of fluidized particulate material heated to at least 300° C., injecting steam and an excess of reactants into the reactor, removing solid waste from a bottom outlet, removing the effluent gases through a solids removal device such as a cyclone, condensing and separating some of the unreacted waste from the effluent gas in a distillation column and sending the effluent gases containing hydrogen and hydrogen chloride to a compressor. In a preferred embodiment the reactants contain at least one water reactive halide, selected from the group halosilane, organohalosilane, aluminum halide, titanium halide, boron halide, manganese halide, copper halide, iron halide, chromium halide, nickel halide, indium halide, gallium halide and phosphorus halide and where the halide content is selected from chlorine, bromine and iodine.

Abstract: A method for production of hydrogen including reforming of a carbon comprising fuel is provided together with production plants adapted for obtaining hydrogen at lower temperatures and/or higher pressures and obtaining a CO2 rich rest gas stream. A reformer and a water gas shift reactor are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-pressure fluidized bed reactor for preparing granular polycrystalline silicon, comprising (a) a reactor tube, (b) a reactor shell encompassing the reactor tube, (c) an inner zone formed within the reactor tube, where a silicon particle bed is formed and silicon deposition occurs, and an outer zone formed in between the reactor shell and the reactor tube, which is maintained under the inert gas atmosphere, and (d) a controlling means to keep the difference between pressures in the inner zone and the outer zone being maintained within the range of 0 to 1 bar, thereby enabling to maintain physical stability of the reactor tube and efficiently prepare granular polycrystalline silicon even at relatively high reaction pressure.

Abstract: Thermal cracking in a riser cracking, closed cyclone, fluidized catalytic cracking process is reduced. A snorkel or flow conduit having an inlet just above the catalyst stripper moves stripper vapor into the closed cyclone. The system preferably operates without a stripper cap, relying on fluid dynamics to isolate stripper vapor from upper parts of the vessel containing the riser outlet. Preferably the snorkel is at least partially supported by, and ideally is inside, the primary cyclone dipleg. Reduced residence time of stripper vapor in the vessel containing the stripper and the closed cyclone system reduces thermal cracking of stripper vapor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing metal oxide from metal compounds, in particular metal hydroxide or metal carbonate, in which the metal compound is conveyed into a reactor (25) with fluidized bed, heated there to a temperature of 650 15 to 1150° C. by combustion of fuel, and metal oxide is generated, as well as to a corresponding plant. To improve the utilization of energy, it is proposed to introduce a first gas or gas mixture from below through a gas supply tube (26) into a mixing chamber (20) of the reactor (25), the gas supply tube (26) being at least partly surrounded by a stationary annular fluidized bed (27) which is fluidized by supplying fluidizing gas, and 20 to adjust the gas velocities of the first gas or gas mixture and of the fluidizing gas for the annular fluidized bed (27) such that the Particle-Froude numbers in the gas supply tube (26) lie between 1 and 100, in the annular fluidized bed (27) between 0.02 and 2, and in the mixing chamber (20) between 0.3 and 30.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking riser reactor extending between an inlet for hydrocarbonaceous feed and catalyst particles and an outlet for discharging cracked products and spent catalyst particles, which riser reactor has been provided with at least one contacting device, wherein the contacting device comprises a composite of refractory material and a metal structure, which metal structure is connected to the outer wall of the riser reactor. If more contacting devices have been provided, they are preferably axially spaced apart and are disposed along the inner surface of the riser reactor.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention a fluid bed reactor is provided, comprising: a housing, at least one tray disposed within the housing, at least one motor operatively connected to the at least one tray, wherein the motor rotates the at least one tray; and at least one wiper associated with at the at least one tray which directs product on a top surface of a respective tray down through at least one radial slot in each respective tray as each respective tray is rotated by the motor. At least one of the trays is at least partially perforated material which a gas to flow up out of the top surface of the tray, at least partially fluidizing product on the top surface of the tray.

Abstract: In a catalytic FCC cracking unit comprising a vertically disposed riser housing a reaction zone, the improvement comprising at least one device for redistribution of catalyst inside said reaction zone, the catalytic cracking unit being equipped at a plane with feedstock injectors, and an upper plane, with mixed temperature control (MTC) injectors, wherein said device has the general shape of a continuous ring adjacent the riser wall and along the inside periphery of said wall, said device creating a restriction in the cross section of the riser ranging between 30% and 45%, having a profile section at least partially rectilinear, and being located a) either in a zone encompassed between the plane of the feedstock injectors and the plane of the MTC injectors, b) or at a height of between 0.1 and 5 meters above the plane of the MTC injectors.

Abstract: A boule formed by high rate vapor phase growth of Group III-V nitride boules (ingots) on native nitride seeds, from which wafers may be derived for fabrication of microelectronic device structures. The boule is of microelectronic device quality, e.g., having a transverse dimension greater than 1 centimeter, a length greater than 1 millimeter, and a top surface defect density of less than 107 defects cm?2. The Group III-V nitride boule may be formed by growing a Group III-V nitride material on a corresponding native Group III-V nitride seed crystal by vapor phase epitaxy at a growth rate above 20 micrometers per hour.

Abstract: A gas-solid reactor and method including two fluidized reaction zones having an integrated gas-solid separation system which achieves rigorously controlled residence times in the reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved regeneration process and system for the regeneration of a spent FCC catalyst in a regenerator without vertical partitions by introducing different fluidization gas streams to different regions of a dense phase catalyst zone at the lower end of the regenerator such as a high velocity central region and a low velocity annular zone are formed, positioned below a common dilute catalyst phase.

Abstract: Material delivery systems and methods are disclosed. A material delivery system includes a delivery vessel and at least one dispense mechanism outlet. The delivery vessel is configured to deliver material to at least one unit, with the proviso that when the unit is an FCC unit, the unit includes a plurality of units. The at least one dispense mechanism outlet is configured to couple the delivery vessel to the at least one unit. A method includes providing a material to at least one unit. The method includes dispensing material from a delivery vessel, wherein a metering device provides a metric indicative of the dispensed material with respect to at least a unit, and delivering the metered material to at least one unit via at least one dispense mechanism outlet of the delivery vessel coupled to the at least one unit. Another method includes providing a material to a plurality of units.

Abstract: A system and method for beneficiation of fly ash particles which at least partially reduces sulfur emissions includes at least one mixing reactor with a chamber and at least one exhaust, at least one fly ash source connected to provide fly ash particles to the chamber, at least one sorbent source, and at least one fluid supply system. The sorbent source provides at least one type of sorbent particles to be mixed with the fly ash particles to reduce sulfur emissions. A mass of the fly ash particles in the chamber is greater than a mass of the sorbent particles in the chamber. The fluid supply system provides at least one fluid to the chamber during a beneficiation of at least a portion of the fly ash particles in the chamber.

Abstract: Gas distribution units of fluidized bed reactors are configured to direct thermally decomposable compounds to the center portion of the reactor and away from the reactor wall to prevent deposition of material on the reactor wall and process for producing polycrystalline silicon product in a reactor that reduce the amount of silicon which deposits on the reactor wall.

Abstract: This invention relates to regeneration of coked catalyst by combustion so that the catalyst can be reused in a hydrocarbon conversion reaction. The completion of coke burn is generally measured with a combination of temperature or change in oxygen concentration. Dropping outlet temperatures require time to wait for increases in inlet temperature to correspondingly move down the regenerator. Faster response times might be expected from increasing oxygen concentration, but a small increase in concentration can lead to a significant increase in peak burn temperature which negatively impacts catalyst life. Controlled peak burning is difficult over the entire bed by merely controlling inlet and outlet oxygen concentrations. The invention accordingly combines a measured lag time for temperature travel with an inlet temperature ramping step to ensure complete coke combustion with high oxygen efficiency, thus providing a rapid regeneration that permits more time for operation at desired reaction conditions.

Abstract: A fluid flow inversion chamber comprises a spray nozzle (3) which has a coaxial configuration of feed flow (12) and steam flow (11) streams capable of providing increased contact of the two streams within the reaction zone, and, as a consequence of the inversion of the coaxial configuration of feed flow (12) and steam flow (11) streams, avoids the formation of coke, which facilitates inspection and replacement of nozzles worn by erosion.

Abstract: An improved draft tube spout fluid bed (DTSFB) mixing, handling, conveying, and treating apparatus and systems, and methods for operating are provided. The apparatus and systems can accept particulate material and pneumatically or hydraulically conveying the material to mix and/or treat the material. In addition to conveying apparatus, a collection and separation apparatus adapted to receive the conveyed particulate material is also provided. The collection apparatus may include an impaction plate against which the conveyed material is directed to improve mixing and/or treatment. The improved apparatus are characterized by means of controlling the operation of the pneumatic or hydraulic transfer to enhance the mixing and/or reacting by controlling the flow of fluids, for example, air, into and out of the apparatus. The disclosed apparatus may be used to mix particulate material, for example, mortar; react fluids with particulate material; coat particulate material, or simply convey particulate material.

Abstract: A method for maximizing the contact between solid catalyst particles and a feedstock while minimizing undesirable side reactions is provided. A plurality of feedstock jets are contacted with solid catalyst particles in a reactor having a non-homogenous contact zone and a unified flow contact zone.

Abstract: A plant for producing metal oxide from metal compounds includes a fluidized-bed reactor in which the metal compounds are heated by a combustion of a fuel to produce metal oxide. The fluidized-bed-reactor reactor includes at least one gas supply tube at least partly surrounded by an annular chamber in which a stationary annular fluidized bed is disposed, and a mixing chamber disposed above an orifice region of the gas supply tube. A gas flowing through the gas supply tube entrains solids from the stationary annular fluidized bed when passing through the orifice region.

Abstract: A reaction device includes staged zones making it possible to implement strongly endothermic or exothermic reactions. The device reduces the differences in catalytic activity between these zones using an addition of fresh or regenerated catalyst at the inlet of each reaction zone and provides an integrated heat exchanger. A process of chemical conversion employs the device for gas-phase and/or liquid-phase exothermic or endothermic reactions, and in particular for the oligomerization reaction of C2 to C12 fractions for the purpose of producing a diesel fraction.

Abstract: In a method for producing gas turbine fuel through the step of modifying heavy fuel oil with the use of an asphaltene-insoluble solvent, the utilization factor of the heavy fuel oil usable as gas turbine fuel is increased by making asphaltene selectively removable. A solvent having a specific inductive capacity in the range of 1.4 to 2.0 is used as the asphaltene-insoluble solvent. In particular, water controlled in temperature and pressure so as to have a specific inductive capacity in the above range is used as the asphaltene-insoluble solvent. By using such a solvent, an asphaltene component contained in the heavy fuel oil can be selectively removed and power generation can be performed while utilizing 95% or more of the heavy fuel oil.

Abstract: This invention relates to a staged-zone reactor of the axial-flow type that makes it possible to implement strongly endothermic or exothermic reactions. The reactor comprises a constriction of the catalytic bed between an upper zone (3a) and a lower zone (3b), making it possible to house in the reactor a heat exchanger for the intermediate heating or cooling of the effluents. Process of chemical conversion using this reactor for exothermic or endothermic reactions in the gas and/or liquid phase, and in particular for the oligomerization reaction of C2 to C12 fractions for the purpose of producing a diesel fraction.

Abstract: An improved fluidized catalyst withdrawal well containing packing or other structured internals is disclosed for improving the flow of particular solids between two apparatus, such as between a catalyst regenerator and riser reactor.

Abstract: A method for adding material to an FCC unit is provided. In one embodiment, a method for adding material to an FCC unit includes providing a first vessel under low pressure containing a first material, moving the material through a first eductor to the FCC unit, and determining an amount of material moved dispensed from the vessel through the eductor.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is disclosed for the separation of solids from gases in a mixture which is most particularly applicable to an FCC apparatus. The mixture of solids and gases are passed through a conduit and exit through a swirl arm that imparts a swirl motion having a first annular direction to centripetally separate the heavier solids from the lighter gases. The mixture then enters a gas recovery conduit in which at least one plate radially extending from an inner wall impedes rotational motion of the mixture. The mixture enters cyclones at the other end of the gas recovery conduit without substantial swirling motion.

Abstract: Gas-phase fluidized-bed reactor for polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers, comprising a reactor chamber (1) in the form of a vertical tube, if desired a calming zone (2) following the upper section of the reactor chamber, a circulation gas line (3), a circulation gas compressor (4) and a cooling device (5), where, in the region of transition of the reaction gas from the circulation gas line into the reactor chamber and in the lower section of the reactor chamber itself, there is either no gas distributor plate at all or only a gas distributor plate the total surface area of whose gas orifices is more than 20% of the total surface area of said gas distributor plate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an apparatus and associated process for the catalytic cracking of oil cuts in a fluidized bed. The apparatus and process can catalytically crack a conventional feed in a principal riser B and crack a secondary feed in at least one secondary riser C. The lower end of the secondary riser or risers C is open to the bottom portion of the principal riser B; the upper end of the secondary riser or risers C is open to the top portion of the principal riser B.

Abstract: A fluidized catalytic cracking process includes fluidizing hydrocarbon and catalyst in a riser having an extension mounted to and surrounding at least a portion of or extending adjacently to the riser, cracking the hydrocarbon with the catalyst in the riser to form a substantially cracked stream, further cracking the hydrocarbon with the catalyst in the extension, wherein the hydrocarbon and the catalyst reverse direction in said extension, and separating the cracked stream from the catalyst.

Abstract: A reactor for contacting a fluid with a granular solid, the reactor including: a reactor housing including a reaction zone in which the fluid and the granular solid are contacted together; a granular solids inlet adapted to deliver a bed of granular solids into the reaction zone wherein the height and/or width dimension of the bed of the granular solids is substantially less than the length of the bed; a plurality of fluid inlets for delivering the fluid into the reaction zone, whereby the delivery of the fluid into the reaction zone at least partially fluidises the bed of granular solids; a granular solids outlet for receiving the bed of granular solids after having passed through the reaction zone; and, a fluid outlet for receiving the fluid, and any entrained particles, after the fluid has passed through the reaction zone.

Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus for generating a chemical precursor used in a vapor deposition processing system are provide which include a canister having a sidewall, a top, and a bottom forming an interior volume which is in fluid communication with an inlet port and an outlet port. The canister contains a plurality of baffles that extend from the bottom to an upper portion of the interior volume and form an extended mean flow path between the inlet port and the outlet port. In one embodiment, the baffles are contained on a prefabricated insert positioned on the bottom of the canister. In one example, an inlet tube may extend from the inlet port into the interior region and be positioned substantially parallel to the baffles. An outlet end of the inlet tube may be adapted to direct a gas flow away from the outlet port, such as towards the sidewall or top of the canister.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for increasing mixing in a fluidized bed. A slide, which may be in the form of a tube or trough, transports particles from an upper zone downward to a lower zone at a different horizontal position, thereby changing the horizontal position of the particle and creating lateral mixing in the fluidized bed. Increased mixing may improve efficiency for an apparatus using a fluidized bed. For example, increased lateral mixing in a regenerator may increase temperature and oxygen mixing and reduce stagnation to improve efficiency. A slide may be relatively unobtrusive, inexpensive, and simple for a retrofit or design modification and may improve combustion efficiency at high rates by enhancing the lateral blending of spent and regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling product discharge from a fluidized bed reactor and for minimizing the loss of the unreacted monomer in the fluidizing gas upon removing the solid polymer product from the reactor. The method and apparatus utilize at least one detector in the product tank or its vent line and a control system in communication with the detector and the product tank fill valve, along with certain algorithms, to adjust by an iterative process, the product discharge time, thereby maximizing resin fill in the product tank and minimizing the lost reactor gas volume.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling space velocity in a fluidized catalytic conversion reactor is described. The catalyst flux rate can be adjusted during the process of the reaction to adjust the space velocity and maintain a fast fluidized flow regime therein. The set parameter in the reactor may be pressure drop which is proportional to catalyst density.

Abstract: A fines injection apparatus, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system having a fines injection apparatus, and a method for using the same are provided. In one embodiment, a FCC system includes a FCC unit, a fines collector, and a fines injector coupled to the fines collector for retuning the fines recovered in the fines collector to the FCC unit. In another embodiment, an apparatus for injecting fines into a FCC system includes a fines separator coupled to an effluent stream and an injection apparatus coupled to a regenerator. A conduit is provided for delivering collected fines from the fines separator to the injection apparatus. In yet another embodiment, a method for injecting fines into FCC system includes collecting fines from a waste stream of a FCC system, automatically transferring the collected fines to a fines injection apparatus, and periodically injecting the transferred fines into the FCC system.

Abstract: An addition apparatus, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system having an addition apparatus, and a method for adding material to an FCC unit are provided. In one embodiment, an addition system for an FCC unit includes a container, a first eductor and a sensor. The eductor is coupled to an outlet of the container. The sensor is configured to detect a metric of material dispensed from the container through the eductor. A valve is provided for controlling the flow through the eductor. A controller provides a control signal for regulating an operational state of the valve. In another embodiment, an FCC system having an addition system is provided. In yet another embodiment, a method for adding material to an FCC unit is provided.