Abstract: An apparatus and a process for catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feed is described, carried out in at least two reaction zones, one (30) operating in catalyst riser mode, wherein the feed and catalyst from regeneration zone (3) are circulated from bottom to top, the first gases produced are separated from the coked catalyst in a first separation zone (38), the catalyst is stripped (40), a first cracking and stripping effluent (42) is recovered and the coked catalyst is recycled (45) to the regeneration zone. Catalyst (12) from regeneration zone (3) and a hydrocarbon feed (19) are introduced into the upper portion of a dropper reaction zone (16), the catalyst and feed being circulated from top to bottom, the coked catalyst is separated from the second gases produced in a second separation zone (20), the second gases (24) produced are recovered and the coked catalyst is recycled (25) to the regeneration zone.

Abstract: An apparatus for pyrolysis and gasification of organic substances and mixtures thereof is provided with a pyrolysis reactor (1), a fluidized-bed firing (3) for pyrolysis residue, a reaction zone (2) for the pyrolysis gases (13) and circulating fluidized-bed material (35). The pyrolysis reactor (1) has a sluice for introducing application material (10) thereinto. An inlet for the fluidized-bed material (35) is disposed next to the combustion fluidized bed (3). Transport apparatus (14) for mixture of solid pyrolysis residue and circulating fluidized bed material (35) is disposed at or near a bottom of the fluidized bed (3) and lower end of the pyrolysis reactor (1). An overflow is situated at or near the top of the fluidized bed (3) while a heat transfer member is positioned within the reaction zone (2).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a hydrocarbon conversion apparatus. The apparatus comprises the following: a plurality of riser reactors, each of the riser reactors having a first end into which a catalyst can be fed and a second end through which the catalyst can exit the riser reactor, a separation zone into which the second ends of the riser reactors extend, the separation zone being provided to separate the catalyst from products of a reaction conducted in the hydrocarbon conversion apparatus; and at least one catalyst return in fluid communication with the separation zone and the first ends of the riser reactors, the catalyst return being provided to transfer the catalyst from the separation zone to the first ends of the riser reactors.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon desulfurization system that circulates fluidizable solid particles through a fluidized bed reactor, a fluidized bed regenerator, and a fluidized bed reducer to thereby provide for substantially continuous desulfurization of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream and substantially continuous regeneration of the solid particles. A novel transport system is employed for transporting the solid particles between the reactor, the regenerator, and the reducer. The transport system uses close-coupled vessels and gravity flow between various vessels to minimize equipment cost and particle attrition.

Abstract: An apparatus for the countercurrent contacting of a gas and downflowing solid particles includes a housing and a plurality of baffles positioned within the housing. The baffles are arranged in at least first and second vertically spaced levels in successively lower position, each of the first and second levels including a row of at least two baffles oriented parallel to one another and inclined from horizontal so as to facilitate movement of the solid particles and provide the maximum area for flow. Baffles are oriented so as to laterally shift the direction of downflowing particles transversely as the particles move from one level to the next lower level and avoid channeling of the phases. The number of baffles, length and spacing is optimized to provide maximum interfacial area for interaction between the phases.

Abstract: The invention is related to a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reactor having an elongated reactor riser and a reactor vessel. The reactor vessel has a dense phase fluidized stripping zone and a catalyst outlet at its lower end and at its upper end a cracked vapor outlet and a cyclone separator fluidly connected to the outlet of the reactor riser. The cyclone separator is provided with a dipleg which lower open end terminates below the upper bed level of the dense phase fluidized stripping zone.

Abstract: A device suitable for atomization and injection of a hydrocarbon batch into a reaction chamber comprises an admission and mixing chamber (5) for the liquid hydrocarbon batch introduced into the device by a tube (8) and for an atomization gas introduced into the device by a cylindrical casing (9) containing tube (8). Casing (9) is extended by a Venturi tube (6) which has a convergent part connected upstream to cylindrical casing (9) and a divergent part connected downstream to a hemispheric tip (7) that leads, by a rectangular slit with an opening angle (16) between about 100 and 115 degrees, to the reaction chamber. The device can be used in processes for catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and process for controlling space velocity in a fluidized catalytic conversion reactor. The catalyst flux rate can be adjusted during the process of the reaction to adjust the space velocity and maintain a fast fluidized flow regime therein. The set parameter in the reactor may be pressure drop which is proportional to catalyst density.

Abstract: A downflow catalytic cracking reactor, comprising the following components: catalyst delivery pipe (1), reactor top cover (2), feed nozzle (3), reactor vessel (6), downflow reaction pipe (9), the upper end of the outer body is close connected to top cover (2) along the direction of circumference; the bottom of the outer wall body is close connected to the outer wall of the downflow reaction pipe; the upper section of the downflow reaction pipe is located inside the reaction vessel, while the lower section extends from the bottom of the outer body; feed nozzle (3) is located on the top cover (2) and/or side wall of the reactor vessel (6) with the outlet of the feed nozzle being above the inlet of the downflow reaction pipe; catalyst delivery pipe (1) is fixedly joined to the reactor vessel and in communication with catalyst lifting zone (7) formed by the reaction vessel and the downflow reaction pipe.

Abstract: A catalyst regenerator for regenerating spent light FCC catalyst and heating the catalyst to supply heat to an FCC reactor. The regenerator has discharge outlets for catalyst and off gas and a valve for introducing spent catalyst through a central stand pipe portion. The regenerator houses a dense phase catalyst bed. A centerwell receives a lower end of the standpipe portion and defines an annulus therebetween. The spent catalyst is introduced through the standpipe portion into the annulus. A fuel distributor introduces fuel into the centerwell for mixing with the catalyst in the annulus. A fluidization distributor introduces fluidization gas into the centerwell for fluidizing the catalyst in the annulus. A radial slot in the centerwell introduces the catalyst and fuel mixture from the annulus below the upper surface of the dense phase bed. An air distributor located below the radial slot introduces combustion air into the dense phase bed.

Abstract: An apparatus and process in which a catalyst nozzle and a feed nozzle are joined together at a joint in a reactor vessel that contains a disengaging transport conduit in communication with a separator. An inlet to the transport conduit is disposed vertically higher than the joint to reduce the quantity of catalyst that enters the transport conduit with the vapor product.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for reducing material in particle form in a fluidization zone and at elevated temperature, in particular for reducing fine ore, the particle material being held in the fluidization zone by a treatment gas which flows upward from below. Material in fine particle form is discharged from the fluidization zone with the treatment gas and is separated out of the treatment gas in a deposition zone. In the deposition zone, the stream of treatment gas and discharged material in fine particle form are fed into a separating device which removes the fine particle material from the treatment gas, the treatment gas is extracted from the separating device as off-gas, and the separated fine particle material is removed from the separating device. Coarse-grained material is then introduced into the deposition zone. This reduces the levels of caking and deposits of the fine particle material. A device for carrying out the process includes elements defining the zones.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out a physical and/or chemical process, such as a heat exchanger, comprising a fluidized bed, through which a fluid flows, and a separator for separating fluidized bed particles from the medium for recirculation. According to the invention, the top box is provided with separated discharge means for discharging a main flow of medium with a partial flow of medium and for discharging granular material.

Abstract: A gas-agitated multiphase reactor system with multiple reaction zones comprising gas-liquid or gas-liquid-solid mixtures that can maximize the production rate while allowing better control of the temperature distribution and better control of the liquid and solid phases in the reactors.

Abstract: A particular arrangement of an FCC unit creates an immediate and sustained gravity separation of catalyst and hydrocarbon vapors in short contact time cracking operation. A transverse feed contactor ejects the mixture of catalyst and hydrocarbon vapors transversely into a central portion of a separation vessel for vertical disengagement of catalyst from vapors. The vapors travel upwardly in the vessel into an inertial separator that quickly segregates entrained catalyst from the hydrocarbon vapors and collects separated catalyst at a higher elevation for stripping of adsorbed hydrocarbons from the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a hydrocarbon conversion apparatus. The apparatus comprises the following: a plurality of riser reactors, each of the riser reactors having a first end into which a catalyst can be fed and a second end through which the catalyst can exit the riser reactor; a separation zone provided to separate the catalyst from products of a reaction conducted in the hydrocarbon conversion apparatus; at least one transport conduit having a first end in fluid communication with at least two of the second ends of the riser reactors and a second end extending into the separation zone; and at least one catalyst return in fluid communication with the separation zone and the first ends of the riser reactors, the catalyst return being provided to transfer the catalyst from the separation zone to the first ends of the riser reactors.

Abstract: A riser reactor system for conversion of hydrocarbon feedstock to ethylene and propylene is described. The riser reactor system prevents riser reactors with a plurality of inlet ports for feeding gases having different compositions and for controlling the residence time of a gas catalyst within the riser reactor.

Abstract: Described is a catalyst regenerator system that includes a regenerator vessel within which is a verticaliy extending partition that divides a fluidized bed zone of the regenerator vessel into a dense phase fluidized bed zone and a fast-fluidized bed zone. Apparatus is provided to introduce spent catalyst into the fast-fluidized bed zone and to remove regenerated catalyst from the dense phase fluidized bed zone. The partition is equipped with openings that provide for the flow of catalyst from the dense phase fluidized bed zone to the fast-fluidized bed zone.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a hydrocarbon conversion apparatus and process. The apparatus comprises the following: a plurality of riser reactors, each having a first end into which a catalyst is fed, a second end through which the catalyst can exit, and optionally a center axis extending therebetween. The apparatus also includes a separation zone having a plurality of inlets, each inlet not being oriented along the center axes of the riser reactors, the separation zone being provided to separate the catalyst from products of a reaction conducted in the hydrocarbon conversion apparatus. A plurality of deviating members are also provided, each deviating member being in fluid communication between the second end of a respective riser reactor and a respective inlet of the separation zone. The apparatus also includes a catalyst retention zone provided to contain catalyst, which is fed to the riser reactors.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking reaction-regeneration system, comprising a regenerator, a settler, a gas-solid separator, a buffer, a riser reactor, a horizontal reaction tube, a catalyst delivery pipe, and a down-flow reactor. This system can be used for experiments and researches on various processes such as riser catalytic cracking, sectional feeding, instantaneous contact, and down-flow catalytic cracking and can be used for catalyst evaluation tests. This abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A fluidized catalytic cracking reactor vessel having at its upper end means to separate catalyst particles from an effluent of a dilute phase fluidized catalytic cracking reactor riser, which separation means are fluidly connected to the downstream part of the reactor riser, fluidly connected with means to discharge the cleaned reactor riser effluent from the vessel and fluidly connected to means to discharge the separated catalyst to the lower end of the vessel, the vessel further having at its lower end means to discharge catalyst from the reactor vessel, wherein (a) between the side wall of the vessel and the separation means a shield is present, resulting in an exterior space between the vessel wall and the shield and an interior space within the shield, wherein the interior space is in open communication with the lower end of the reactor vessel at its lower end and wherein the exterior space and interior space are fluidly connected by means of one or more openings; and (b) means are present to supply a g

Abstract: A reactor with integrated heat for carrying out a chemical conversion process in the presence of a gaseous diluent supplied through one or more ports at the upper and/or lower ends of a catalytic bed through which a feed moves substantially horizontally, and a process for converting a feed, such as a hydrocarbon feed in the reactor.

Abstract: Assay device which is able to detect molecules which inhibit the binding of a ligand to a receptor using extremely small quantities of ligand and receptor sample. Such devices are useful in the discovery of molecules which may modulate the activity of biologically important target molecules. The device comprises a microfabricated diffusion chamber into which is introduced in mixture of a test compound, a receptor and a ligand for the receptor. Test compounds which can prevent binding of the ligand to the receptor are identified by detecting the presence of ligand outside the area of introduction of the mixture in the diffusion chamber.

Abstract: An FCC process and apparatus that blends spent and regenerated catalyst before the catalyst contacts the feed in a reaction zone. The circulation rate of spent catalyst is automatically controlled based on a circulation rate of regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: A reactor apparatus and process for contacting hydrocarbons with catalyst. The reactor apparatus comprises a plurality of tubular reactors each having a first end into which a catalyst is fed and a second end through which the catalyst and product exit the tubular reactor. A catalyst retention zone is provided to contain catalyst and feed catalyst to the tubular reactors. A separation zone is provided to separate the catalyst from products of a reaction conducted in the apparatus. A transport conduit having a first end in fluid communication with the second ends of at least two of the tubular reactors and a second end extending into the separation zone transports product and catalyst to the separation zone. A catalyst return in fluid communication with the separation zone and the catalyst retention zone returns catalyst to the catalyst retention zone.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided a process and apparatus for catalytic cracking of various petroleum based heavy feed stocks in the presence of solid zeolite catalyst and high pore size acidic components for selective bottom cracking and mixtures thereof, in multiple riser type continuously circulating fluidized bed reactors operated at different severities to produce high yield of middle distillates, in the range of 50–65 wt % of fresh feed.

Abstract: A method and system for recovering fines from a light FCC-type effluent gas. Cracked gases from the reactor are cooled by direct contact with circulating oil in an oil quench tower. The circulating oil also washes out the catalyst fines carried with the reactor effluent gas. A flow of the oil from the quench tower bottoms is sent through one of a pair of filters to remove fines and recycled to the tower. The other filter is in backwash operation using a compressed gas to remove the fines therefrom and into a surge drum. Fuel oil or quench oil is added to the drum to form a slurry, which carries the catalyst fines to the regenerator where the oil is combusted to supply the FCC system heat requirements. Since a minimum amount of fuel oil is generated in the FCC, fuel oil is imported to inventory the quench tower.

Abstract: This invention provides a resid cracking apparatus comprising a riser, reactor, stripper cum separator with adjustable outlets in flow communication with adsorbent and catalyst regenerators for converting hydrocarbon residues containing higher concentration of conradson carbon content, poisonous metals such as nickel & vanadium and basic nitrogen etc., into lighter and valuable products and a process thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the debonding and sand core removal of sand cores from cast parts, the heat treating of metal parts and the removal of organic contamination from metal parts, which is utilizing a fluid bed furnace having an improved fluidizing gas distributor which discharges fluidized gas in a downward direction away from the parts in the fluidized bed.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing continuous flow chemical reactions such as oxidation, oxidative dehydrogenation and partial oxidation processes involving a reactor design characterized by controlled/optimized addition of a reactant with the objective of: (i) avoiding the explosion regime of the reactant mixture (e.g., hydrocarbon/oxidant mixture); (ii) maximizing the selectivity of the reaction to the desired product; (iii) limiting the reactor temperature gradient and therefore the threat of reaction runaway; and (iv) controlling the operating temperature of the reaction zone so that desirable temperature range is maintained over the entire zone.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking reactor vessel for the conversion of a hydrogen gas and fossil fuel feedstream to light liquid hydrocarbons. The reactor vessel comprises reactor cup riser with a helical cyclonic separator conduit for separating a liquid and vapor product stream to provide an essentially vapor-free liquid recycle stream, a grid plate bubble cap with a tapered bell cap wall housing having serrated edges for producing small hydrogen bubbles of increased total surface area of bubbles at lower pressure drop, optionally a feedstream inlet pipe sparger containing rows of downward directed slots for even distribution of the feedstream across the cross-sectional area of the reactor and providing free drain of solid particles from the sparger, and optionally a liquid recycle inlet distributor containing vertically curved plates for creating a whirling motion in the liquid recycle stream for better mixing with the feedstream with minimal solids settling.

Abstract: A PCB decomposition reactor includes: an injector for injecting a mixture of water and sodium hydroxide connected to the lower part of the reaction vessel; an outlet pipe for withdrawing treated fluid connected to the sidewall of the reaction vessel and a cyclone for separating sodium carbonate from the treated fluid; a discharge pipe connected to the top of the cyclone to discharge treated fluid from which precipitated sodium carbonate has been removed; a downcomer for the separated fluid connected to the bottom of the cyclone so that precipitated sodium carbonate and fluid containing it are discharged therethrough and to an injector which is connected to a feed pipe for feeding a mixture of PCB and mineral oil; and a gas supply nozzle for injecting a gas into the reaction vessel installed at the bottom of the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A stripper and a stripping process for removing the flue gas carried by regenerated catalyst. A cylindrical stripper mainly comprises a degassing pipe at the longitudinal axis, a horizontal pipe connected with the lower end of the degassing pipe, several sets of inner annular baffles and outer annular baffles arranged in alternative arrangement along the vertical direction. Inner annular baffles are fixed on the degassing pipe, outer annular baffles are fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder. The degassing pipe has holes below each set of the inner annular baffles. The regenerated catalyst enters the stripper from the upper part, comes into a countercurrent and crosscurrent contact with steam from the annular steam conduit, and the stripped regenerated catalyst leaves the stripper from the bottom.

Abstract: A process/apparatus is disclosed for continuously separating a liquid medium comprising diluent and unreacted monomers from a polymerization effluent of a slurry loop reactor containing a flow of slurry therein, comprising a discharge conduit extending a distance into the loop reactor; the conduit having a longitudinal axis and an opening inside the loop reactor; at least a portion of the conduit being curved along its longitudinal axis inside the loop reactor; and the opening substantially facing the flow of the slurry, wherein the discharge conduit is located within a lower leg of the loop reactor such that a continuous discharge of the polymerization effluent from a slurry reactor through a discharge valve and transfer conduit into a first intermediate pressure flash tank wherein volatile inert diluent and unreacted monomers are removed and the polymer solids which remain after removal of about 50 to 100% of the inert diluent therefrom to a second flash tank at a lower pressure.

Abstract: A bath tub solids container for containing solids separated from cracked product vapors produced in a riser reactor and issuing from a separator. The bath tub solids container receives and contains solids from the separator, has a collar which fits around the riser reactor to keep the solids from contacting the riser reactor, an aeration device for fluidizing the solids within the container and an outlet for the solids.

Abstract: An elongate reaction vessel and process includes at least two stages in the vertical direction in which an endothermic or exothermic catalytic reaction is carried out and comprises: a catalytic reaction zone (12a, 12b) per stage (6, 7); introducing (2) a reaction fluid to a stage adapted for transverse motion of the fluid across the whole vertical extent of the reaction zone; introducing and extracting the catalyst; a heat exchanger (5a) for reaction fluids located inside the vessel between two successive reaction zones; means (6) for transporting reaction fluids from one stage to another preferably connected to the exchanger of the stage under consideration and to the inlet for reaction fluids of the subsequent stage; and means for recovering reaction fluids downstream of the last stage. The temperature variation in each zone and the temperature level are respectively adjusted by the thickness of each zone and by heat exchange.

Abstract: An apparatus for burning coal to produce substantially pure hydrogen for use in fuel cells, together with “sequestration ready” carbon dioxide and a stream of oxygen depleted air for powering gas turbines. The apparatus includes two fluidized bed reactors and a third transfer line reactor. The first reactor is supplied with coal particles or “char” and fluidized with high temperature steam. The second reactor is fluidized with high temperature steam and the third reactor is fluidized by compressed air. Solids circulated among these three reactors include a mixture of materials containing coal, calcium compounds (present as CaO, CaCO3 and mixtures thereof) and iron compounds (present as FeO, Fe2O3 and mixtures thereof).

Abstract: A reactor and regeneration for effecting radial flow contact of a reactant stream with catalyst particles movable as an annular-form bed by gravity flow and for reducing stresses in the bed is disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for conducting an endothermic reaction of an organic' compound in the presence of molecular hydrogen and of multicomponent solids is described. The process of operating the apparatus comprises contacting the compound with a solid catalyst for the endothermic reaction and a hydrogen oxidizing solid reagent intermixed with the solid catalyst. Organic products of the endothermic reaction are produced, with evolution of molecular hydrogen. The solid catalyst becomes gradually deactivated by formation of carbonaceous deposits thereon. The evolved hydrogen undergoes an exothermic reaction with the hydrogen oxidizing solid reagent to form a reduction product which comprises deactivated hydrogen oxidizing solid reagent.

Abstract: A riser reactor system for conversion of hydrocarbon feedstock to ethylene and propylene is described. The riser reactor system prevents riser reactors with a plurality of inlet ports for feeding gases having different compositions and for controlling the residence time of a gas catalyst within the riser reactor.

Abstract: A separator apparatus for separating solids from a gas-solid containing feed resulting in a gas-rich stream, the separator comprising an upright hollow circular housing fluidly connected to a dipleg for discharging solids positioned below the housing; a gas outlet tube for discharging the gas-rich stream from the circular housing, which outlet tube protrudes substantially co-axial from the top of the housing; inlet means for the gas-solids feed so arranged to create, in use, a vortex flow in the circular housing; and a sieve positioned between the lower part of the circular housing and the upper part of the dipleg, which sieve has openings which do not allow particles having a diameter greater than 0.75 times the diameter of the dipleg to pass the sieve and enter the dipleg and wherein the total area of the openings in the sieve is greater than 2 times the cross-sectional area of the dipleg.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor with one or more stages each stage having a heating section located below a reacting section and a mechanism that pulses granules back and forth between the heating and reacting sections, separate injectors for silicon containing gases non silicon containing gases, heaters to heat the non silicon containing gases above the reaction temperature and the silicon containing gases to a temperature just below their decomposition temperature. The heater for the silicon containing gases controls the condensing vapor of a heat transfer fluid to a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the silicon containing gases. An enclosed noncontaminating sieving device selectively removes product and recycles undersize material. A weigh cell with frequency analysis capability provides information on the weight of the reactor and the force exerted by the pulsing action of the granules.

Abstract: A system for the continuous use and recapture of a catalyst in liquid, comprising: a generally vertical reactor having a reaction zone with generally downwardly flowing liquid, and a catalyst recovery chamber adjacent the reaction zone containing a catalyst consisting of buoyant particles. The liquid in the reaction zone flows downward at a rate which exceeds the speed of upward buoyant migration of catalyst particles in the liquid, whereby catalyst particles introduced into the liquid in the reaction zone are drawn downward with the liquid. A slow flow velocity flotation chamber disposed below the reaction zone is configured to recapture the catalyst particles and allow them to float back into the catalyst recovery chamber for recycling into the reaction zone, rather than being swept downstream. A novel 3-dimensionally adjustable solar reflector directs light into the reaction zone to induce desired photocatalytic reactions within the liquid in the reaction zone.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, a regenerator, a stripper or a withdrawal well connecting to either of the vessels, includes a standpipe for circulating catalyst from one vessel to another, the standpipe having an inlet design which reduces gas entrainment during catalyst transport by partial de-fluidization in the standpipe inlet region. The standpipe inlet design could include multiple inlet openings through the top of the standpipe or from the side wall by slots, or both, and a horizontal disk surrounding the standpipe below the slots for blocking the upward flow of bubbles, the combination thereby forming a dense fluidization zone above the disk and surrounding the inlet, including the slots. Additionally, the disk may include a downwardly-projecting lip or edge forming an inverted void space around the standpipe and the downwardly-projecting edge may further include vent holes around its circumference which allow bubbles trapped under the disk to be vented outside the standpipe inlet region.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream wherein desulfurization is enhanced by improving the contacting of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream and sulfur-sorbing solid particulates in a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus for gas-phase catalytic polymerization comprising a first vertical reactor (1), a second vertical reactor (2), the upper region of said reactor (1) being connected by a connecting part (3) to a solid as separator (4), which is in turn connected to the upper region of second reactor (2), the lower region of second reactor (2) being connected to the lower region of first reactor (1) by a connecting part (5), the solid/gas separator (4) being connected through a recycle line (6) to one or more points of reintroduction into connecting part (5) or into reactor (1), the apparatus having a line (12) for feeding catalyst into reactor (1), a polymer discharge system (11) from reactor (2), a line (13) for feeding monomers, the apparatus being further characterized in that it comprises a line (15) for feeding gas or liquid into reactor (2).

Abstract: A continuous flow chemical reaction apparatus comprises a tubular reactor having a length and having a first fluid reactant inlet at a first end and a product outlet at a second end, said tubular reactor having a central tube/interior conduit extending lengthwise within said tubular reaction zone, said conduit having at least one injector within the length of said conduit, said injector capable of introducing a controlled amount of a second fluid reactant into said tubular reactor.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process and an apparatus for thermal conversion of biomass and organic wastes. According to the invention, the feedstock is fed into a fluidized-bed reactor, wherein the feed is converted at an elevated temperature under the influence of particulate matter kept in a fluidized state by a fluidizing gas, the particulate matter is transferred from the reactor to a regenerator for regeneration and then recirculated to the reactor after the regeneration, and the converted hydrocarbon products are recovered from the reactor. Both the reactor and the regenerator comprise risers having an axially annular cross section and being equipped with multi-inlet cyclones for the separation of particulate matter. By means of the invention, it is possible to producer pyrolysis oil, the quality of which is higher than that of oil produced with the processes of the prior art.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for alkylating an alkylation substrate with an alkylating agent in the presence of solid catalyst particles in a transport reactor is disclosed. Solid catalyst particles in the transport reactor effluent recirculate to the inlet of the transport reactor through one or more conduits. The rate through each conduit is regulated by fluid-controlled valves that use the alkylation substrate as the regulating fluid. This method and apparatus help ensure uniform or symmetric flow of catalyst from the effluent of the transport reactor to the bottom of the transport reactor. This method and apparatus also help ensure uniform or symmetric flow of alkylation substrate to the bottom of the transport reactor with minimal bypassing by the alkylating agent around of the transport reactor. This invention finds use in the production of motor fuels by the alkylation of liquid hydrocarbons in the presence of solid catalyst particles.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is disclosed for the separation of solids from gases and a mixture which is most particularly applicable to an FCC apparatus. The mixture of solids and gases are passed through a conduit and exit through a swirl arm that imparts a swirl motion to centrifugally separate the heavier solids from the lighter gases. The mixture then enters a cyclone through an inlet that has a long, straight sidewall that gradually transitions with a curved outer wall that defines a cyclone barrel and a short, straight sidewall that abruptly transitions with the curved outer wall. The short, straight sidewall is substantially tangentially disposed with respect to a gas recovery conduit which transports a mixture of solids and gases from a reactor conduit. This arrangement provides greater clearance between cyclones and a reactor vessel.