Abstract: A method of depositing noble metals on surfaces or matrices to manufacture industrial catalysts that can be used in a variety of applications. Such deposition of noble metals can be achieved by treating the surfaces in high-temperature (150.degree. C. or higher) water containing dissolved noble metal ions or its colloidal suspensions. The method consists of the steps of placing the surface of a metal substrate in contact with a volume filled with high-temperature water; injecting a solution of a noble metal compound into the volume for a predetermined duration; and removing the surface of the metal substrate from contact with the high-temperature water after expiration of said predetermined duration. The noble metal compound has the property that it releases species of the noble metal in high-temperature water. These noble metal species deposit on or incorporate in the oxide film on the surface of the metal substrate.

Abstract: A method for improving the performance and longevity of coatings of metal deposited from aqueous solutions of inorganic, organic or oraganometallic metal compounds. The method involves co-deposition of noble metal or corrosion-inhibiting non-noble metal during growth of oxide film on a component made of alloy, e.g., stainless steels and nickel-based alloys. The result is a metal-doped oxide film having a relatively longer life in the reactor operating environment. In particular, incorporation of palladium into the film provides greatly increased catalytic life as compared to palladium coatings which lie on the oxide surface.

Abstract: A non-biocidal method for inhibiting microbially influenced corrosion of susceptible metal surfaces having an anaerobic biofilm containing active sulfate-reducing bacteria comprising contacting the biofilm with a liquid dispersion of anthraquinone compound.

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide producing agent is added to a water system having copper or copper alloy such as a thermal storage water system or a closed water system whereby the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the circulating water becomes 1 to 200 mgH.sub.2 O.sub.2 /L. Hydrogen peroxide produces oxygen and oxygen works microbes directly so as to remove the microbial fouling and thus prevent the pitting corrosion in copper or its alloy due to microbial contamination.

Abstract: A water distribution system facilitates automatic corrosion control. The operator enters a set of values of parameters associated with water in the system. The system automatically and repeatedly measures the temperature and pH of the water. The system then computes a target pH for the water, according to a function which depends on the temperature and the other parameters, and on an index of corrosion. The system then varies the pH of the water, so as to minimize the deviation between the measured pH and the target pH. The system performs this process repeatedly, to maintain the desired properties of the water. In particular, the operator can easily and automatically control the water so as to make it either more corrosive or more scale-forming, in such a manner as to minimize the dissolution of lead or copper into the water while limiting the tendency of the water to form scale.

Abstract: A polymer and method of controlling corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale imparting compounds in water systems is disclosed. The polymer has the general structure: ##STR1## wherein E.sup.1 comprises the repeat unit obtained after polymerization an .alpha.,.beta. ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers, lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) ester or a hydroxylated lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) ester of such carboxylic acid, or amide forms thereof; E.sup.2 comprises the repeat unit obtained after polymerization of an .alpha.,.beta. ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a sulfonic acid functionality; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen or a lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3) alkyl; R.sup.2 is --CH.sub.2 --O-- or --C(.dbd.O)--O--; R.sup.3 is --?--CH.sub.2 --CH(--CH.sub.2 --OH)--O--!--.sub.n ; n is an integer greater than 1; and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention encompasses methods of preventing corrosion of vessel sidewalls. In one aspect, the invention includes an anti-corrosion treatment method of reducing internal corrosion of an ammonium phosphate holding vessel comprising providing at least one quaternary-amine-comprising compound within the vessel. In another aspect, the invention includes a treatment method of reducing corrosion of a vessel sidewall surface comprising utilization of a quaternary amine to form a protective layer on the vessel sidewall surface. In another aspect, the invention includes an anti-corrosion treatment method of reducing corrosion of a vessel comprising: a) flowing a liquid into the vessel; b) adding at least one compound to the liquid, the compound being added to a concentration which exceeds the solubility of the compound in the liquid; and c) coating the compound onto an internal surface of the vessel to form a protective layer over the internal surface.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling corrosion of metals in contact with an aqueous system is disclosed, which method includes introducing into the aqueous system a sufficient amount of a substantially zinc-free treatment comprising a phosphate compound, and glucoheptonic acid or a water soluble salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention is a method for preparing a stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution. The method comprises the steps of:a. Mixing an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite with a water soluble bromide ion source;b. Allowing the bromide ion source and the alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite to react to form a 0.5 to 30 percent by weight aqueous solution of unstabilized alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite;c. Adding to the unstabilized solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite an aqueous solution of an alkali metal sulfamate having a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. in a quantity to provide a molar ratio of alkali metal sulfamate to alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite is from about 0.5 to about 6; and then,d. Recovering a stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution.

Abstract: A process for reducing corrosion in a gas distribution network of ultra high purity gas or any part of said distribution network, including:(a) Wet cleaning the gas distribution network or at least one part thereof with a wet cleaning agent,(b) Liquid drying the gas distribution network or the at least one part thereof with an H.sub.2 O desorbing liquid drying agent selected from the group consisting of acetone dimethylacetal DMP, 2.2 dichloropropane DCP or 2.2 dibromopropane DBP, mixtures thereof and any equivalent thereof,(c) purging said gas distribution network or any part thereof with a dry high purity gas comprising less than 1 ppm of any impurity, and(d) evacuating the gas distribution network or any part thereof at a pressure which is lower than 5.times.10.sup.4 Pascal(e) exposing the gas distribution network or any part thereof to an atmosphere including an ultra high purity corrosive gas or air.

Abstract: This invention relates to a water-based coating comprising as separate components (A) a grind component comprising in admixture (1) a water compatible overbased alkaline earth alkyl-aryl sulfonate; (2) an organic amine; and (3) an inorganic borate corrosion inhibitor; and (B) a liquid component comprising (1) water; (2) an acrylic emulsion; (3) an organic amine. The coatings are particularly useful for coating ferrous metal surfaces.

Abstract: The invention is a method for removing dissolved oxygen from alkaline water which comprises adding to alkaline water containing dissolved oxygen an effective oxygen-scavenging amount of a water-soluble sulfoxylate. A preferred material is sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate.

Abstract: A chemical formulation and method are provided for the treatment of water to prevent, control or inhibit corrosion and/or deposits, particularly for the treatment of water in water distribution piping and equipment and associated heat exchangers and more particularly for the treatment of water in heat transfer equipment wherein water or steam is employed as the heat transfer medium. The method treats the water with at least one mono- or polyhydric alcohol. Optionally, the treatment formulation is a blend of mono- or polyhydric alcohols and further optionally includes one or more of a mixed molecular weight polyacrylic acid and/or at least one salt thereof; at least one chromium-free lignosulfonate, and at least one carboxylic acid and/or at least one salt thereof, the carboxylic acid being different from the poly acrylic acid.

Abstract: A mixture of propyleneglycolmethylether and propyleneglycolether which is added in a ratio of 60:40 and 90:10 to the last rinsing bath in which metal parts are cleaned, in order to achieve intermediate corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method for ensuring the distribution of noble metal in the reactor circuit during plant application without measuring the reactor water for noble metal content by chemical analysis. The method involves the measurement of electrochemical corrosion potential in an autoclave or a high-flow test section that is connected to the reactor water circuit through sample lines downstream of the injection port, preferably the point in the reactor circuit which is furthest from the injection port. If the noble metal flows into the autoclave or test section at these distant points in the reactor circuit, then the noble metal will deposit on the test specimens inside the autoclave or test section.

Abstract: A method for improving the performance and longevity of coatings of metal deposited from aqueous solutions of inorganic, organic or oraganometallic metal compounds. The method involves co-deposition of noble metal or corrosion-inhibiting non-noble metal during growth of oxide film on a component made of alloy, e.g., stainless steels and nickel-based alloys. The result is a metal-doped oxide film having a relatively longer life in the reactor operating environment. In particular, incorporation of palladium into the film provides greatly increased catalytic life as compared to palladium coatings which lie on the oxide surface.

Abstract: A method for mitigating crack growth on the surface of stainless steel or other alloy components in a water-cooled nuclear reactor wherein a solution or suspension of a compound containing a noble metal is injected into the coolant water while the reactor is not generating nuclear heat, e.g., during shutdown or recirculation pump heatup. During shutdown, the reactor coolant water reaches temperatures as low as 120.degree. F., in contrast to the water temperature of 550.degree. F. during normal operation. During pump heatup, the water temperature reaches 400.degree.-450.degree. F. At these reduced temperatures, the rate of thermal decomposition of the injected noble metal compound is reduced. However, radiation-induced decomposition also occurs inside the reactor. In particular, the noble metal compound can be decomposed by the gamma radiation emanating from the nuclear fuel core of the reactor.

Abstract: A polymer and method of controlling corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale imparting compounds in water systems is disclosed. The polymer has the general structure: ##STR1## wherein E.sup.1 comprises the repeat unit obtained after polymerization of one or more .alpha., .beta. ethylenically unsaturated monomers, selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic 3acid, lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) ester or a hydroxylated lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) ester of such carboxylic acid, and amide forms thereof; E.sup.2 comprises the repeat unit obtained after polymerization of one or more .alpha., .beta. ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a sulfonic acid functionality; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen or a lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3) alkyl; R.sup.2 is --CH.sub.2 -- O--or --C(.dbd.O)--O--; R.sup.3 is --(--CH.sub.2 --CH(--CH.sub.2 --OH)--O--)--.sub.n ; n is an integer greater than 1; and R.sup.

Abstract: A method for mitigating crack growth on the surface of stainless steel or other alloy components in a water-cooled nuclear reactor wherein a solution or suspension of a compound containing a noble metal is injected into the coolant water along with a reducing agent. The presence of the reducing agent will assist in better deposition of the noble metal, for example, palladium, on metal surfaces, thereby increasing the noble metal loading and also improving the tenacity with which the noble metal is bound onto the metal. The extent of noble metal doping is important in providing a better (lower) ECP response of the metal in the presence of a stoichiometric ratio of H.sub.2 to O.sub.2, which reduces the hydrogen demand considerably. The more tenacious the noble metal is bound to the metal surface, the longer its expected life will be, particularly under in-reactor Situations where the metal surfaces are subjected to a variety of hydrodynamic conditions.

Abstract: A method for mitigating crack growth on the surface of stainless steel or other metal components in a water-cooled nuclear reactor. A compound containing a noble metal, e.g., palladium, is injected into the water of the reactor in the form of a solution or suspension. This compound has the property that it decomposes under reactor thermal conditions to release ions/atoms of the noble metal which incorporate in or deposit on the interior surfaces of the crack. The compound may be organic, organometallic (e.g., palladium acetylacetonate) or inorganic in nature. The palladium deposited inside a crack should exhibit catalytic behavior even if the bulk surface palladium is depleted under high fluid flow conditions. As a result, the electrochemical potential inside the crack is decreased to a level below the critical potential to protect against intergranular stress corrosion cracking.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion of a metal surface bearing a corrosion product including ferrous ions is disclosed. The method comprises applying to the surface a salt of an ethoxylated amine and a reaction product of an alcohol and a fatty acid maleic anhydride adduct produced by a reaction between maleic anhydride and an unsaturated fatty acid. Related compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The action of the bacterium Nitrobacter agilis to oxidize nitrite ions to nitrate ions in aqueous solutions is well known. We have found that if the nitrite ion concentration in solution is maintained at a level of at least 2.5 percent by weight and higher, that the activity of this bacterium is completely inhibited and the nitrite salt solutions remain stable over long periods of time.

Abstract: A process for the cleaning and/or disinfection and maintenance care of an, in particular, hollow or tubular medical treatment instrument, in particular a medical or dental treatment instrument, such as a handpiece, in which the treatment instrument is cleaned and/or disinfected with a preferably liquid cleaning and/or disinfecting agent and is then subjected to maintenance care with a maintenance care agent, is characterized in that, there is used a cleaning agent and/or a disinfecting agent and/or a maintenance care agent, one or more of which agents contains or contain a medium which ensures mixing of the cleaning and/or disinfecting agent with the maintenance care agent.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger for aqueous mediums is disclosed. The oxygen scavengers comprise cyclohexanediones which, when added to basic aqueous solutions, effectively scavenge oxygen from the aqueous solutions. The oxygen scavenger has particular utility as an oxygen scavenger from water in heating systems such as boilers and heat exchangers.

Abstract: In drainage systems in buildings and excavations there is waste and ground water with a high dissolved material content. These mainly inorganic substances often cause the build-up of hard deposits in the water conveying parts of the drainage systems, e.g. waste water pipes. These deposits reduce the drainage cross section of the drainage systems thus preventing the water from flowing freely and thus causing back-ups which can result in considerable damage. The current processes of removing these deposits are electro-mechanical cleaning and high-pressure rinsing or abrading with water. These processes are laborious, expensive and cause interruptions in operation. It is the aim of the invention to prevent the formation of such deposits. To this end, a conditioning agent in aqueous form is added via a metering installation at one or more points in the drainage system.

Abstract: A concentration-fluctuation responsive regulation of water treatment agent feed is achieved by adding an incipient to a sample whereby a concentration indicator is formed. Such a concentration indicator comprises a combination of the incipient reagent and a substantially nonfluorescent water treatment agent. The concentration indicator is then monitored by fluorescence analysis of the sample to determine at least one fluorescence emission value that can be correlated to an in-system concentration of the water treatment agent. The fluorescence emission value measured in then correlated to the in-system concentration of the water treatment agent.

Abstract: Water in a process water system, such as a cooling tower or pulp and paper processing plant, is treated to destroy biological microorganisms by diverting the portion of the water flowing through the system to a side stream. In the side stream, chemicals are added such as halide ions or sodium chlorite. The water is then passed through an electrolysis unit or a UV radiation unit to oxidize the precursor to form an active oxidant. Advantageously, the pH of the side stream can be lowered to significantly improve the oxidization of the halide ions. When a very small portion of the flow rate is passing through the side stream, the acid added does not significantly alter the pH of the entire system. In a preferred embodiment, the acid added is phosphonic acid which acts as an antiscalant. Also included in the present invention is a method to inject oxidant precursors into a process water system through an oxidant generation station.

Abstract: A method of treating fossil-fueled power generating plant condensate at start-up by passing the contaminated condensate at start-up of a power generating plant through a filter medium prior to or in the absence of passing the condensate through a precoat or resin bed.

Abstract: A method for detecting pH imbalances and/or achieving pH balance in crevices of a pressurized water reactor steam generator. The method comprises obtaining hideout return concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium and sulfate ions, and silica from the water in the secondary side of the steam generator, the concentrations being expressed as moles per kilogram of water, and determining whether the following conditions exist:eq (anions)<eq (cations), and (a)[Na.sup.+ ]<[Cl.sup.- ]+2[SO.sub.4.sup.2- ] (b)the crevice pH being balanced when all the conditions of the determining step are satisfied. The method of the invention preferably further includes determining whether the following conditions also exist:[Cl.sup.- ]<[Na.sup.+ ] (c)[SiO.sub.2 ]>[Ca.sup.2+ ]+[Mg.sup.2+ ] (d)[Na.sup.+ ]/[Cl.sup.- ]<1.9. (e)If and when the above conditions are met, it can be expected that crevice pH will be balanced at a generally neutral level.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the pitting corrosion rate of carbon steel in a cooling tower system comprising adding to a cooling tower water an effective amount of a corrosion inhibiting composition containing from about 1 to about 10 ppm of a water soluble molybdate, calculated as molybdate and from about 5 to about 25 ppm of a stabilized phosphate, calculated as phosphate, the corrosion inhibiting composition being substantially free of active zinc, and circulating the water in the system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for adjusting the pH of the water in a hot tub or a spa without clouding to within the range of 7.0 to 8.0, without adversely removing calcium, and without adversely increasing the total alkalinity of the water. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of:a) adding to the water in the hot tub or spa from one to five pounds of buffer per 500 gallons of water, the buffer comprising from about 90% to 99.5% by weight boric acid and from about 10% to about 0.5% by weight sodium carbonate; andb) allowing the buffer to dissolve in the water;whereby the water is buffered without clouding to a pH within the range of 7.0 to 8.0, the dissolved calcium is not substantially removed, and the total alkalinity of the water is not adversely increased.In a preferred embodiment of the method, the pH of the spa or hot tub water is adjusted and/or maintained within the range of 7.2 to 7.8.

Abstract: An environmentally acceptable and economically appealing method of inhibiting corrosion in brine solution systems wherein an aqueous brine solution is treated with gluconate or sorbitol.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion of metals which are in contact with an aqueous system comprising adding to the system, either alone or in combination with organic or metal containing water treatments, a water-soluble cationic alkyl-phosphonium salt in an amount effective to inhibit corrosion.

Abstract: 1.3-imidazole prevents the corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with boiler waters and the condensates produced from these waters.

Abstract: A process monitors boric acid or other boron compounds in a fluid system. At least one specie of tracer chemical is added to a fluid system and at least one sample of fluid from the fluid system is analyzed for at least the presence of the tracer, and the presence of the specie of tracer chemical in such sample determines at least the presence of boric acid or other boron compounds in the sample.

Abstract: Non-corrosive anti-freeze solutions for automotive cooling systems include an anti-corrosive effective amount of a sodium silicate corrosion inhibitor. The sodium silicate has an unusually low ratio of silica to sodium oxide of greater than 1.0 to about 2.5. This relatively low ratio of silica to sodium oxide prevents gelation from occurring while maintaining maximum anti-corrosive effectiveness of alcohol-based solutions containing the same.

Abstract: Non-corrosive anti-freeze solutions for automotive cooling systems include an anti-corrosive effective amount of a sodium silicate corrosion inhibitor, and sodium nitrate. The sodium silicate has an unusually low ratio of silica to sodium oxide of greater than 1.0 to about 2.4. This relatively low ratio of silica to sodium oxide prevents gelation from occurring while the synergistic combination of the sodium silicate and sodium nitrate maintains maximum anti-corrosive effectiveness of alcohol-based solutions containing the same.

Abstract: A method whereby a concentrated aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide is injected into offshore water intake facilities for preventing zebra mussel infestation therein is described. The chlorine dioxide is generated from generators positioned on a portable vessel above the water intake facilities. The treatment using concentrated chlorine dioxide solution permits periodic treatment so that the same portable generators may be used to treat a number of water intake facilities.

Abstract: Water-soluble 1,2-dithiole-3-thione derivatives are prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylated starting material with sulfur. These derivatives are useful as corrosion inhibitors, particularly in aqueous environments.

Abstract: An alkoxybenzotriazole, in combination with mercaptobenzothiazole, tolyltriazole, benzotriazole, a substituted benzotriazole and/or 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole, is used to inhibit the corrosion of metallic surfaces, particularly copper surfaces, in contact with an aqueous system. Systems and compositions are also claimed.

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed for adding chlorine to a water supply system to kill bacteria, and in particular, Legionella bacteria. A corrosion inhibitor additive is added with the chlorine, to ensure that corrosion or other damage to the pipes does not occur. A method is disclosed for initially setting up proper levels of chlorine and corrosion inhibitor, and maintaining those levels. Systems for adding the materials to the hot water supply system are disclosed to ensure that they are adequately and thoroughly mixed into the water.

Abstract: An orthophosphate salt and sodium silicate, when used in a 3:1 ratio by weight, and in a concentration of 0.1 to 100 mg/L, are found to have a synergistic effect in controlling the corrosion of carbon steel in an aqueous system, e.g., a municipal water supply system. The synergistic combination is also useful in reducing lead solubility and leaching, and in stabilizing soluble iron and manganese and their reaction products.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the pitting corrosion rate of carbon steel in a cooling tower system comprising adding to a cooling tower water an effective amount of a corrosion inhibiting composition containing from about 1 to about 10 ppm of a water soluble molybdate, calculated as molybdate and from about 5 to about 25 ppm of a stabilized phosphate, calculated as phosphate, the corrosion inhibiting composition being substantially free of active zinc, and circulating the water in the system.

Abstract: A method for treating an aqueous system which contains solid particles of iron (III) oxide is disclosed which comprises adding to the system catechol, hydroquinone, their water soluble salts, and mixtures thereof in an amount effective to disperse or suspend iron (III) oxide particles. The aqueous system should have a pH greater than 7 and have low to moderate hardness.

Abstract: An alkoxybenzotriazole, in combination with mercaptobenzothiazole, tolyltriazole, benzotriazole, a substituted benzotriazole and/or 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole, is used to inhibit the corrosion of metallic surfaces, particularly copper surfaces, in contact with an aqueous system. Systems and compositions are also claimed.

Abstract: Methods are provided for simultaneously inhibiting the corrosion of iron-containing and copper-containing metals in contact with boiler feedwaters. The methods comprise adding an effective amount of 1,10-phenanthroline to the boiler feedwater system for which corrosion inhibition is desired.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition in contact with a corrodable metal surface, comprising a functional fluid and, as corrosion inhibitor, a compound having the formula 1A ##STR1## as well as salts or esters thereof, wherein R.sup.3 is C.sub.9 -C.sub.20 linear or branched alkyl, phenyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 alkylphenyl;R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl;X is CH.sub.2, O or S;Y is O or S; andZ is--(CH.sub.2).sub.n -in which n is 1,2,3,4 or 5, or Z is--CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)-.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor formulation for oil and water systems which formulation is resistant to sludge formation and does not tend to stabilize oil/water emulsions when added to oil and water systems. The corrosion inhibitor includes an imidazoline dissolved in an aromatic solvent, a 2-hydroxyalkylcarboxylic acid such as glycolic acid and a glycol such as hexylene glycol. The imidazoline is preferably prepared from a long chain fatty acid and a polyamine in a molar ratio of about 1.5:1.

Abstract: A composition which is useful for inhibiting the corrosion of copper and copper alloy metals in contact with an aqueous system is disclosed. The composition comprises phenyl mercaptotetrazole and tolytriazole and/or benzotriazole.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes low volatility amines or alkanol amines to control caustic corrosion which can take place when a boiler system, treated with a coordinated phosphate/pH program, is "out of control".N-substituted hydroxyalkyl piperazines are also capable of mitigating caustic corrosion in coordinated phosphate/pH programs. Combinations of the compounds of the present invention and phosphate have also been shown to be efficacious at mitigating caustic corrosion in coordinated phosphate/pH programs.