Abstract: A process for inhibiting the adhesion of bacterial cells to solid surfaces in aqueous systems and thus controlling biological fouling comprising adding a water-soluble ionene polymer to the aqueous systems in an amount ranging from about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm based on the weight of aqueous liquid in the system.

Abstract: A composition and method for inhibiting the corrosion of steel containing greater than about 9% chromium in the presence of at least one mineral acid, especially at temperatures above 250.degree. F. The composition is made of a corrosion inhibitor selected from phenyl ketone, phenyl ketone with a quaternary salt of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic compound, or cinnamaldehyde with a quaternary salt of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic compound and an acid soluble metal from antimonium or bismuth.

Abstract: A combination product containing (a) dihydroxyacetone, (b) hydroquinone, and (c) a volatile amine that is capable of removing oxygen and neutralizing carbon dioxide in industrial waters, particularly boiler waters, including boiler feed waters, internal boiling waters, condensate waters, and return waters. The combination product preferably contains weight ratios of ingredients (a):(b):(c) ranging from 1:0.01:0.1 to about 1:1:100, and may additionally contain a filming amine.

Abstract: Certain dithiocarbamates are used as reverse demulsifiers, corrosion and scale inhibitors, flocculants, biocides, flotation aids, water clarifiers, interface control agents and antifoaming agents.

Abstract: Aqueous heat transfer apparatus contains a multicomponent corrosion protection system including a first component adapted to release a corrosion inhibitor on exposure to water under relatively milder conditions and a second component adapted to release a corrosion inhibitor on exposure to water under relatively severer conditions. The components may be open top compartments of a capsule, closed by means of covers of controlled release glass which dissolve in water at different rates.

Abstract: Monofluorophosphate salts, especially sodium monofluorophosphate (Na.sub.2 PO.sub.3 F), when added to potable water sources in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 500 mg/L, significantly reduces lead (Pb) leaching into said water, producing the double benefit of reducing lead solubility and thus content in drinking water, while at the same time adding fluoride to that drinking water, with the anticaries benefit that fluoridation provides.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 when taken independently, each represent the monovalent group of formula: ##STR2## wherein Y is a monovalent group selected from hydroxyl and a group of the formula: ##STR3## wherein n is a whole number integer of 0 to 6; X is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl and amino when n is from 1 to 6; and when n is 0, X is selected from monovalent groups of the formula:--0--alkylene--NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 (IV)wherein n has the meaning previously ascribed to it; R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and R.sup.4 ; and R.sup.4 represents a monovalent group of the formula--Alkylene--OH; (V)provided that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not both a carboxyl group; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 when taken together represent the divalent moiety of formula: ##STR4## wherein A represents one of oxygen and ##STR5## wherein n has the meaning previously ascribed to it; and applied to oxidation prone metals to inhibit corrosion.

Abstract: An alcohol-based composition inhibited against high temperature aluminum cavitation erosion corrosion characterized by the presence of a polysilyl compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted organic radical; R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals and substituted monovalent hydrocarbon radicals; R.sup.2 is a monovalent moiety hydrolyzable to a hydroxyl group, each R.sup.2 being the same or different; a is an integer from 2 to 4, inclusive; b is an integer having a value of 0 or 1; n is an integer from 1 to 36, inclusive; and c is an integer having a value of 0 or 1; each ##STR2## group being the same or different, with the provision that the compound have at least one ##STR3## group.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon soluble polyamidoamines prepared from tallowtriamine and/or tallowtetramine--(methyl)acrylate reactants are effective corrosion inhibitors for metal surfaces in contact with corrosive hydrocarbon mediums even under alkaline conditions.

Abstract: There are disclosed a method of preventing corrosion of the interior surfaces of air compression devices and an anti-corrosion air compressing device designed for carrying out the method. According to the method, a basic solution is supplied to the interior of the air compressor so that acidic water precipitated in the air compressor is neutralized or made basic by the basic solution. This prevents corrosion of the air compressor interior surface and thereby extends the life of the apparatus. The device comprises, a conventional air compressor, and a basic solution dispensing means connected to the air compressor. The dispensing means supplies the basic solution to the interior of the air compressor to neutralize acidic water precipitated in the compressor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition in contact with a corrodable metal surface, comprising a functional fluid and, as corrosion inhibitor, a compound having the formula I: ##STR1## as well as salts or esters thereof, wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 linear or branched alkyl, phenyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 alkylphenyl;R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 linear or branched alkyl, phenyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 alkylphenyl, or arylalkyl containing 7-20 carbon atoms;X is CH.sub.2, O or S;Y is O or S; andZ is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- in which n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or Z is --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--.Some of the compounds of formula I are new.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispersing chemicals into an underwater pipe comprising first and second chemical feed pipes, the feed pipes being mounted to an intake pipe forming part of the underwater pipe, the first feed pipe extending along the length of the intake pipe and being connected to the second feed pipe, the second feed pipe being mounted to the intake pipe at that portion of the intake pipe adjacent an intake pipe opening, the second feed pipe including a plurality of inwardly extending releasing valves for dispensing chemicals into the intake pipe, the chemicals being delivered to the second feed pipe through the first feed pipe.

Abstract: Directed to a new molybdenum carboxylic compound and the use thereof as a corrosion inhibitor of steel and other metals particularly in cooling water.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the inhibition of general corrosion, and of stress corrosion by hydrogen sulfide in manganese and low-alloy, medium-strength and high strength steels, obtained by means of the use of compounds of formula:R.sub.1 --CH.dbd.N--[-(CH.sub.2).sub.n --N.dbd.CH--].sub.m --R.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for inhibiting corrosion of an iron based metal in contact with the system water in an aqueous system, which comprises incorporating into the system water an effective amount of bis-phosphonic acid ethers selected from the group consisting of compounds having the formula (HO).sub.2 OP--R--(OR').sub.n --OR--PO(OH).sub.2 wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of methylene and ethylene, wherein R' is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene and ethylene substituted with one or more methyl groups and wherein n is an integer from 0 to 4, and water soluble salts of said bis-phosphonic acid ethers. Advantageous corrosion inhibition using the bis-phosphonic acid ethers in combination with hydroxymethylphosphonic acid is also disclosed.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl polycarboxylates are formed by the reaction of water and a basic neutralizing agent with a hydrocarbyl poly(succinic anhydride) of the formula R(succinic anhydride).sub.x, wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group derived from a crude or refined hydrocarbon wax having a melting point less than 150.degree. F. and x is an integer of from 3 to 8. The hydrocarbyl polycarboxylates serve as corrosion inhibitors in aqueous compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with H.sub.2 S-containing acid gases streams and aqueous amine scrubbing solutions, which method comprises: contacting the H.sub.2 S-containing stream with amine scrubbing solution in the presence of an effective amount of an ammonium or alkali-metal thiosulfate salt and an effective amount of sulfide and/or hydrosulfide ions.

Abstract: A corrosion protection system for protecting critical parts of an offshore structure. The structure is composed of an assembly of critical parts representing a small portion of the structure and noncritical parts representing a large portion of the structure. The critical parts are coated with a layer of material to form a protective treatment so that the critical parts are made electrochemically noble or passive relative to the uncoated noncritical parts when the offshore structure is submerged. The noncritical parts are electrochemically active relative to the coated critical parts to provide for cathodic protection current supplied to the coated critical parts by the uncoated active parts to produce corrosion protection to the coated critical parts. An accelerated corrosion system for destroying the critical parts uses a conductive layer including a slit and with the slit initially protected and then removed to accelerate corrosion to destroy the offshore structure.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in industrial cooling waters which contain hardness and a pH of at least 6.5, by dosing the water with a composition which comprises a water-soluble inorganic phosphate capable of inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous alkaline environment and a hydrocarbon polymer containing an N-substituted acrylamide polymers with an amide structure as follows: ##STR1## where R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, where R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or an alkyl and R is alkylene or phenylene, and X is sulfonate, (poly)hydroxyl, (poly)carboxyl or carbonyl, and combinations thereof; or containing derivatized maleic anhydride homo-, co- and terpolymers having N-substituted maleamic acid units, N-substituted maleimide units and maleic acid (and salts) units having a structure as follows: ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Alkali and/or salts of compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently are H or C.sub.1-6 -alkyl and R.sub.3 is CH.dbd.CH, (CH.sub.2).sub.2 or (CH.sub.2).sub.3, are used as metal corrosion inhibitors in aqueous systems.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion due to dissolved oxygen wherein trihydroxybenzene compounds, alone or in combination with conventional oxygen scavengers, preferably hydroquinone, are added to boiler water to prevent corrosion by reducing dissolved oxygen levels in boiler feedwater.

Abstract: Water soluble corrosion inhibitors which exhibit low hydrocarbon carryunder are prepared by reaction of alkylenepolyamines and formaldehyde.

Abstract: Use of the compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 denotes C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -alkyl or C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 alkenyl, n denotes a number from 0 to 5, K.sup.(+) denotes a group of the formulae ##STR2## or a group of the formula --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.x H, x denotes a number from 1 to 3, A.sup.(- denotes an anion, R.sub.9 denotes a group of the formula R.sub.1 '-(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --, C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 -alkylaryl or aryl-C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, R.sub.1 ' denotes C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 -alkyl or C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 -alkenyl, n denotes a number from 0 to 5 and the radicals R.sub.10 are identical and denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl, as corrosion protection agents for metallic materials in aqueous media.

Abstract: For water-treatment in swimming pools, cooling towers, hot tubs, and other systems, it is desired to feed various chemicals in small quantities but at optimum rates into the system. In several embodiments of the invention the water is recirculated through the system which usually includes a filter. It has been discovered that the chemicals can be fed by enclosing them in generally spherical plastic capsules suggestive of table tennis balls, but about the size of a base ball. The rate of feeding depends upon the size and number of small holes which are provided, or the user pokes through the shell of the capsule, upon the solubility of the chemical, and upon the flow rate of the water through a strainer, skimmer, or other chamber in the system into which the capsule is introduced. The random orientation of the capsule tends to average out variations.

Abstract: The copper corrosion rate is minimized to a certain discharge limit by providing a chlorine-bromide treatment in which the chemical feed rate of bromide is increased to an amount required to decrease the copper corrosion rate to the rate required to meet the discharge limit. The inventors made the unexpected and surprising discovery that an increase in the chemical feed rate of bromide--even when the chlorine feed rate is constant--has the effect of reducing copper corrosion. Therefore, this effect is useful for adjusting the copper corrosion rate to an optimum rate to most economically achieve a certain discharge limit.

Abstract: Iron oxide deposits are removed from substrates by use of aqueous solution at approximately neutral pH containing a phosphonate (e.g., hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid), a reducing agent (e.g., sodium sulfite), and a corrosion inhibitor (e.g., benzotriazole). Optionally, a surfactant and dispersant may be included.

Abstract: Water for use in steam generation systems, which is contained in a storage tank, is deoxygenated for use in the system by adding hydrogen to a stream of the water and intimately mixing the same, pressurizing the stream to a pressure of 60-150 psig, and contacting the pressurized stream with a catalyst bed of palladium or platinum dispersed on a solid carrier. The hydrogen reacts with the dissolved oxygen in the presence of the catalyst at ambient temperatures, to produce a deoxygenated stream of water containing less than 10 ppb of oxygen. The deoxygenated water can be returned to the storage tank or supplied directly to the steam generation system.

Abstract: A sustained release antimicrobial agent comprises a clathrate compound composed of a water-soluble microbicide and at least one of the compounds shown at (I) to (V) below:(I) 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol;(II) 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-2-butyn-1,4-diol;(III) 9,10-di(4-methylphenyl)-9,10-dihydroznthracene-9,10-diol;(IV) 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexane; and(V) 1,1,6,6-tetra(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol.A method which uses it for preventing the fouling of a water system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A series of water-dispersible and oil-dispersible corrosion inhibiting solutions are disclosed which contain a polythioether represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are H, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, X is a divalent organic radical selected from the group consisting of --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 --, --C.sub.4 H.sub.8 --, --C.sub.2 C.sub.4 OC.sub.2 H.sub.4 --, and C.sub.2 H.sub.4 SC.sub.2 H.sub.4 --, n is about 2 to about 40, and p is 0 or 1. The corrosion inhibitor solvent is preferably a hydrocarbon, such as an aromatic solvent or an alcohol, but may be water. Metal equipment can be protected through the use of the invention corrosion inhibiting solutions by contacting metal with an effective amount of inhibiting solution containing the polythioethers in a continuous exposure or batch treatment.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in industrial cooling waters which contain hardness and a pH of at least 6.5, by dosing the water with a composition which comprises a water-soluble inorganic phosphate capable of inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous alkaline environment and a hydrocarbon polymer containing an N-substituted acrylamide polymers with an amide structure as follows: ##STR1## where R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or an alkyl and R is alkylene or phenylene, and X is sulfonate, (poly)hydroxyl, (poly)carboxyl or carbonyl, and combinations thereof; or containing derivatized maleic anhydride homo-, co- and terpolymers having N-substituted maleamic acid units, N-substituted maleimide units and maleic acid (and salts) units having a structure as follows: ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion of a metal surface in an aqueous system comprising introducing corrosion inhibiting cations into the aqueous system. The corrosion inhibiting cations are selected from the group comprising cations of yttrium and cations of the metals of the lanthanum series which metals have atomic numbers from 57 to 71 inclusive. The cations may be introduced in the form of water soluble salts. Alternatively the cations may be releasably bound by ion exchange to a substrate and the ion-exchanged substrate introduced into the aqueous system.

Abstract: A method of providing a durable, long lasting chemically resistant, pH tolerant, corrosion inhibiting film on the surfact of copper or copper containing metal in contact with an aggressive aqueous system is disclosed. The copper or copper containing metal generally composes a structure of dynamic cooling water system, and protection is afforded thereto by intermittently feeding to the aqueous medium a sufficient amount of a C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 alkyl substituted benzotriazole.

Abstract: A multifunctional corrosion inhibitor consisting essentially of an alkali metal borate, an alkali metal nitrate, an alkali metal nitrite, an alkali metal metasilicate, an alkali metal phosphate, mercaptobenzothiazole and at least one selected surfactant.

Abstract: Glycosides and polyglycosides are described having the formulaR(OG).sub.xwhereinR is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms or is a radical with the formula R.sub.1 (OR.sub.2).sub.n which does not have more than 25 carbon atoms and wherein n=0 to 24 and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals,G is selected from the group consisting of fructose, glucose, mannose, galactose, talose, gulose, allose, altrose, idose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, ribose or mixtures thereof, and x is 1 to 30which glycosides and polyglycosides inhibit oxidation and acid attack of ferrous metals.

Abstract: For water-treatment in swimming pools, cooling towers, hot tubs, and other systems, it is desired to feed various chemicals in small quantities but at optimum rates into the system. In several embodiments of the invention the water is recirculated through the system which usually includes a filter. It has been discovered that the chemicals can be fed by enclosing them in generally spherical plastic capsules suggestive of table tennis balls, but about the size of a base ball. The rate of feeding depends upon the size and number of small holes which are provided, or the user pokes through the shell of the capsule, upon the solubility of the chemical, and upon the flow rate of the water through a strainer, skimmer, or other chamber in the system into which the capsule is introduced. The random orientation of the capsule tends to average out variations.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous system which comprises adding to the system a corrosion inhibiting salt capable of forming a passivating film at the anode, and a substantially linear cationic polymer, is especially useful in cooling water systems and their associated equipment.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous system is described which comprises adding to the system a corrosion inhibiting metal salt capable of forming a passivating film of a water insoluble salt of said metal at the cathode, and a substantially linear cationic polymer.

Abstract: Corrosion in liquid, especially aqueous systems such as cooling systems, is controlled by the addition of a vegetable tannin or a derivative thereof, a triazole, a hydroxylamine, a neutralizing amine, and a water soluble salt of a Group II metal, in particular zinc, magnesium or calcium.

Abstract: Benzoyl alanines of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can be the same or different and represent hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can be the same or different and represent hydrogen, an unbranched or branched alkyl radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl or alkylaminoalkyl radicals containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl radicals and wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together can be the --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- group or the --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- group which form with the nitrogen atom the morpholino or the piperidino ring, respectively; with the proviso that(a) when R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, R.sup.4 cannot represent hydroxyethyl or carboxymethyl, and(b) when R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.2 is hydrogen R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 cannot both represent hydroxyethyl, and(c) when R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition and method for inhibiting the corrosion of copper and copper alloy metals in aqueous systems. The composition comprises mercaptobenzothiazole and added ferrous ions in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:10, by weight. The method comprises adding this composition to the aqueous system being treated.

Abstract: A corrosion-inhibiting composition and method of inhibiting corrosion on metal surfaces are described. The composition comprises a reaction product of (a) a first constituent selected from an epoxide having an average of at least about one vicinal epoxide per molecule and a halogenated aliphatic compound having at least one displaceable halogen and (b) a second constituent comprising a dimercaptan. The reaction product in a hydrocarbon diluent is an effective corrosion inhibitor when applied to metal surfaces in highly corrosive environments, and is designed particularly for downhole metal surfaces of oil drilling equipment.

Abstract: Decomposable organic compounds can, at times, be contained in the feedwater for steam generators; these decomposable compounds can stem from the untreated water supply or from the recondensate if the steam is utilized as heating steam for chemical plants and the condensate is recycled into the steam generator. The decomposition products can lead to damage to the material in the steam generator during long-term exposure.A partial stream of the feedwater is continuously examined for such compounds; as soon as these occur, they are disintegrated in the partial stream by UV light. The decomposition products are detected by measuring conductivity and/or by means of ion-sensitive electrodes. This measuring process works very rapidly and is highly sensitive, making it possible to consistently recognize contaminated water quantities and then to remove same in a controlled fashion from the feedwater stream for the steam generator or to process same into unobjectionable feedwater.

Abstract: A process for removing dissolved oxygen from an aqueous medium, using hydrazine to react with the oxygen, where the aqueous medium is contacted with a catalyst bed of palladium or platinum metal dispersed on a solid carrier, at ambient temperatures. The catalyst bed effects reaction of the hydrazine with the dissolved oxygen to provide residual oxygen contents of below 10 ppb. Preferably, the hydrazine is intimately mixed with the aqueous medium prior to contact with the catalyst bed. The process is especially useful in removing dissolved oxygen from recirculating aqueous medium of a steam generation system, where the hydrazine-containing aqueous medium is contact with the catalyst bed after passage through the condenser pump but prior to the feedwater heaters.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for chemically scavenging oxygen from an aqueous medium are disclosed. Salicylaldehyde catalyzed by hydroquinone can be used as an oxygen scavenger in any aqueous medium, but is especially well adapted for use in boiler water systems.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion of carbon steel piping of condensate and feed water systems in a power generating plant, characterized by continuing the water in said piping to flow after also said plant has been shut down until it is restarted up and by keeping the specific electric conductivity of flowing water at 0.5 .mu.S/cm or less.

Abstract: A method for controlling, preventing, or removing fouling deposits comprising microencapsulating fouling control chemicals in a slow release capsule. The microcapsules are applied to the substrate to be treated, where they stick to the substrate and slowly release the active treating agents.

Abstract: An improved process for removing oxygen from an aqueous medium used in a steam generating system, the aqueous medium having hydrazine added thereto, wherein hydrazine-containing aqueous medium condensate formed in a condenser is exposed to ultraviolet light in the condenser hotwell, prior to being recycled to the steam generator. The exposure to ultraviolet light is for a period of time sufficient to effect removal of the dissolved oxygen by the hydrazine without the need to add chemical additives or catalysts to the system.

Abstract: Composition and method for inhibiting corrosion in aqueous systems using synergistic combination of an inorganic nitrite and a phosphonate, e.g., 10-20 ppm sodium nitrite plus 0.5-5 ppm hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid.

Abstract: Formation of alkaline scale on cooling tower and associated heat transfer surfaces contacted by circulating water is reduced or substantially eliminated while minimizing equipment corrosion by introducing an effective amount of carbon dioxide and a threshold effect chemical scale control additive to the circulating water.

Abstract: Salts of substituted nitrogen or sulfur containing siliconates are effective stabilizers for aqueous silicates in such applications as treating boiler water, geothermal water and other aqueous silicates. They are also useful in antifreeze and cooland solutions.