Abstract: A catalyst for diesel particle filter includes a platinum (Pt)-neodymium (Nd) alloy that is carried in silica, a preparation method thereof and a soot reduction device for diesel engine including the same, wherein the catalyst for diesel particle filter can maintain high catalyst activity and implement high nitrogen monoxide (NO) conversion efficiency even though it is used under the high temperature or vulcanization condition for a long time.

Abstract: A system for treating exhaust gas from an engine is disclosed. The system may include a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port and defining a flow path therebetween. A fluid treatment element may be arranged in the flow path and configured to treat exhaust gas. A conduit may be fluidly connected with at least one of the housing ports and may have first and second tubular portions. The first portion may have a first cross-section with an inner diameter, and the second portion may have a generally elongated second cross-section with an inner width and an inner length. The inner length of the second cross-section of the conduit may be smaller than the inner diameter of the first cross-section of the conduit, and the inner width of the second cross-section of the conduit may be greater than the inner diameter of the first cross-section of the conduit.

Abstract: An air pollution control system for a coal combustion boiler includes: a NOx removing apparatus that reduces nitrogen oxide contained in flue gas emitted from this coal combustion boiler, an air pre-heater that recovers heat in the gas, a precipitator 15 that reduces particulates from the gas, a liquid-gas contact type desulfurizer that removes sulfur oxide by way of a limestone-gypsum method and reduces mercury oxide in the gas, a stack that releases the gas after SOx removal to the exterior, and a solid-liquid separator that extracts limestone-gypsum containing slurry from the desulfurizer to the exterior and performs a solid-liquid separation, where water separated in the solid-liquid separator is removed, and concentrated slurry is sent back to the bottom of the desulfurizer to make the gypsum concentration of slurry equal to or higher than 10 percent in the desulfurizer.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for purifying a flow of combustion fumes from a clinker production plant comprising the following operating steps: a) removing dust at a temperature comprised between 250 and 400° C. from a flow of combustion fumes exiting from a suspension preheater with formation of a flow of combustion fumes free of dust; b) carrying out on said flow of combustion fumes free of dust a selective catalytic NOx reduction treatment with a reducing agent, with formation of a purified flow of combustion fumes. The present invention also concerns an apparatus for carrying out the aforementioned process.

Abstract: A system includes a particulate matter (PM) filter including an upstream end for receiving exhaust gas and a downstream end. A radiant zoned heater includes N zones, where N is an integer greater than one, wherein each of the N zones includes M sub-zones, where M is an integer greater than or equal to one. A control module selectively activates at least a selected one of the N zones to initiate regeneration in downstream portions of the PM filter from the one of the N zones, restricts exhaust gas flow in a portion of the PM filter that corresponds to the selected one of the N zones, and deactivates non-selected ones of the N zones.

Abstract: A system for treating exhaust gas from an engine is disclosed. The system may include a housing, a fluid treatment element, and a conduit. The housing has an inlet and an outlet port and defines a flow path therebetween. The fluid treatment element is arranged in the flow path. The conduit is fluidly connected with at least one of the inlet port and the outlet port and includes a first port having a first axis and a second port having a second axis substantially perpendicular to the first axis. The first port has a first cross-section with an inner diameter. The second port has a second cross-section with an inner width and an inner length. The inner length of the second cross-section is smaller than the inner diameter of the first cross-section, and the inner width of the second cross-section is greater than the inner diameter of the first cross-section.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst, wherein the catalyst has a high activity and selectivity with regard to the oxidation of CO and NO. The invention also relates to the catalyst produced using the method according to the invention, the use of the catalyst as oxidation catalyst as well as a catalyst component which contains the catalyst according to the invention. Finally, the invention is directed towards an exhaust-gas cleaning system which comprises the catalyst component containing the catalyst according to the invention.

Abstract: A method for removing and capturing carbon dioxide from a fluid stream includes the steps of exposing the fluid stream to an aqueous scrubbing solution that removes and holds carbon dioxide from the fluid stream, passing the aqueous scrubbing solution through a membrane in order to separate excess water from the scrubbing solution and increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the scrubbing solution, heating the scrubbing solution having an increased concentration of carbon dioxide so as to release carbon dioxide gas and recycling the scrubbing solution. A carbon dioxide capture apparatus includes a carbon dioxide scrubber, a membrane downstream from the scrubber for separating water and concentrating carbon dioxide in a scrubbing solution and a stripper vessel.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the destruction of one or more PFCs in a gas stream are provided. The gas stream can come from semiconductor processing, for example. The PFCs in the gas stream are reacted with steam in the presence of a catalyst to fragment the PFCs into other compounds that are readily removed from the gas stream. The catalyst comprises gallium, and can additionally comprise zirconium oxide. The gas stream can also be pre-treated prior to reacting the PFCs with steam to remove substances that could be deleterious to the catalyst.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for synthesizing carbon-isotope labeled ketones and amines by carbonylation via Suzuki coupling reaction using carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled ketones and amines are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: A flue gas control system of a coal combustion boiler comprises an HCl atomizer that sprays hydrogen chloride to flue gas from a coal combustion boiler that uses coal as a fuel; NOx removing apparatus that removes nitrogen oxides by ammonia denitration by adding ammonia to the flue gas after spraying hydrogen chloride and oxidizes mercury; an air preheater that recovers heat in the gas after removal of nitrogen oxides; a precipitator that removes particulates in the gas; an activated carbon atomizer that sprays activated carbon into the gas after particulate collection; a bag filter that collects activated carbon having adsorbed mercury; a desulfurizer that removes sulfur oxides in the flue gas after removal of activated carbon; a stack that discharges the gas which has undergone desulfurization to outside; and an ORP meter that measures an oxidation reduction potential for feeding air to a slurry absorbent in the desulfurizer.

Abstract: A mercury reduction system includes an NH4Cl supplying unit that sprays an NH4Cl solution into a flue of the boiler, a reduction denitration apparatus that includes a denitration catalyst for reducing NOx in the flue gas with NH3 and oxidizing Hg in the presence of HCl, and a wet desulfurization apparatus for reducing Hg oxidized in the reduction denitration apparatus with limestone-gypsum slurry. The NH4Cl supplying unit includes an NH4Cl solution feed pipe that supplies the NH4Cl solution into the flue in a liquid state, a blow pipe that is inserted into the flue so as to surround the NH4Cl solution feed pipe and through which air is injected into the flue, and a two-fluid nozzle that is fitted to an end of the NH4Cl solution feed pipe and through which the NH4Cl solution is injected. Through the two-fluid nozzle, the NH4Cl solution is injected and sprayed in fine liquid droplets.

Abstract: A method for treating odorous gases of a chemical pulp mill, according to which method odorous gases are combusted in a separate combustion device and flue gas generated therein is scrubbed. The scrubbed flue gas is led into a recovery boiler. The flue gas is scrubbed in a series of scrubbers wherein scrubbing solution discharged from one scrubber may be fed to a preceding scrubber.

Abstract: Systems and methods for lowering levels of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric pollutants are provided. Economically viable systems and processes capable of removing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric pollutants from gaseous waste streams and sequestering them in storage-stable forms are also discussed.

Abstract: The present application relates to separation processes and systems and more specifically to hybrid carbon dioxide separation processes. In one embodiment, the system for the separation or removal of carbon dioxide comprises an apparatus for a selective separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gas—typically exhaust gases, syngas or natural gas streams—using one or more so-called CO2 reverse selective membrane(s) in the first separation unit to enrich a feed gas stream which contains carbon dioxide with CO2 and by separating other constituents of the gas stream. Thus, the feed gas stream is separated in the first separation unit by CO2-reverse-selective separation into a CO2-lean gas stream and a CO2-enriched gas stream. The CO2-enriched gas stream is fed to a second separation unit which is a CO2-selective separation unit. The second separation results in a purified CO2-rich gas stream and a remaining CO2-lean gas stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for cleaning off-gas comprising the following steps: 1. Sulphur dioxide is separated from the off-gas by way of at least one first scrubber stage (c) by means of ammonia or ammonium compounds, 2. the off-gas is transferred into a second scrubber stage (d) and 3. in the second scrubber stage the sulphur dioxide not separated in the first scrubber stage (c), is oxidized to sulphuric acid and separated in at least one scrubber (d) and simultaneously, the ammonia released in the first scrubber stage (d) is separated by means of the formed sulphuric acid, whereby ammonium sulphate is formed, 4. the separated stream of the second scrubber stage (d) is transferred into the first scrubber stage (c).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for reducing NOx emissions from a gas stream produced by a production source. The method may comprise oxidizing a substantial portion of NO gas present in the gas stream by contacting the gas stream with an oxidation catalyst to yield higher order NxOy molecules; and thereafter removing higher order NxOy molecules from the gas stream by solvent absorption or reaction. The system may comprise a gas production source configured to produce a gas stream comprising NOx; an oxidation catalyst positioned downstream of the gas production source, wherein the oxidation catalyst is configured to oxidize NO gas molecules in the gas stream to yield higher order NxOy molecules; and a removal device positioned downstream of the oxidation catalyst configured to remove higher order NxOy molecules from the gas stream by solvent absorption or reaction.

Abstract: A rolling regeneration diesel particulate filter and filtering process that utilizes NO produced in the process to generate additional amounts of NO2 than the NO2 produced by the diesel engine. The process includes the step of flowing diesel engine combustion exhaust through a filter system including a first section and a second section. The first section is positioned upstream of the second section with respect to the direction of the flow of the diesel engine exhaust through the filter. The first section includes a foam constructed and arranged to trap carbon-based particulates in the exhaust. A first catalyst is carried by the foam to promote the conversion of NO in the exhaust from the diesel engine to NO2. The first catalyst also promotes the reaction of NO2 with at least a portion of the carbon-based particulates trapped by the foam to form CO and NO.

Abstract: Provided are catalyst composites comprising: a catalytic material on a carrier, the catalytic material comprising a precious metal selected from a palladium component and an oxygen storage component, the oxygen storage component being present in an amount of at least 10% by weight, wherein substantially all of the oxygen storage component is in intimate contact with the palladium component and the catalytic material is effective to substantially simultaneously oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and reduce nitrogen oxides. A catalyst composite comprising: a catalytic material on a carrier, the catalytic material comprising a palladium component and a ceria-zirconia composite support, the ceria being present in an amount in the range of 10 to 70% by weight, wherein substantially all of the ceria is in intimate contact with at least a portion of the palladium component. Methods of making and using these catalysts along with systems containing these catalysts are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filtration structure, for filtering a gas coming from a diesel engine, which is laden with gaseous pollutants of the nitrogen oxide NOx type and with solid particles, of the particulate filter type, said filtration structure being characterized in that it includes a catalytic system comprising at least one noble metal or transition metal suitable for reducing the NOx and a support material, in which said support material comprises or is made of a zirconium oxide partially substituted with a trivalent cation M3+ or with a divalent cation M?2+, said zirconium oxide being in a reduced, oxygen-sub-stoichiometric, state.

Abstract: An assembly includes a particulate matter (PM) filter that comprises an upstream end for receiving exhaust gas, a downstream end and multiple zones. An absorbing layer absorbs microwave energy in one of N frequency ranges and is arranged with the upstream end. N is an integer. A frequency selective filter has M frequency selective segments and receives microwave energy in the N frequency ranges. M is an integer. One of the M frequency selective segments permits passage of the microwave energy in one of the N frequency ranges and does not permit passage of microwave energy in the other of the N frequency ranges.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst is described for the exhaust gas purification of utility vehicles with diesel engines, which contains a substrate and a catalytically active coating of platinum, active aluminium oxide and aluminium-silicon mixed oxide. The two oxidic support materials, aluminium oxide and aluminium-silicon mixed oxide, are catalytically activated with platinum, the majority of platinum being present on the active aluminium oxide. The oxidation catalyst is distinguished by good NO oxidation rates together with a high poisoning resistance against sulfur compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for effectively purifying and neutralizing toxic gases such as odors, fumes or various volatile organic compounds generated by research laboratories, chemical processing factories or hospitals where medicinal products are handled. The apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a main body having an intake, an exhaust and a control panel; a pre-filter, a first filter, first and second neutralizing pellet beds, and a second filter which are mounted in the apparatus main body and are placed from the intake to the exhaust in that order; and a blower and a driving device placed between the first and second neutralizing pellet beds. The apparatus effectively purifies and neutralizes toxic gases and collects fine particles or dust.

Abstract: A flue gas stream processing system includes a fuel reactor for combusting a fuel to generate a flue gas stream including water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The system includes an oxidation catalyst downstream of the fuel reactor, the oxidation catalyst configured to receive the flue gas stream and oxidize the carbon monoxide to form a carbon dioxide rich flue gas stream, and a processing unit to liquefy carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide rich flue gas stream and generate an exhaust gas.

Abstract: An abatement system is provided which includes 1) an abatement unit adapted to abate effluent; and 2) an ambient air supply system. The ambient air supply system includes an air moving device, wherein the ambient air supply system is adapted to supply ambient air to the abatement unit for use as an oxidant. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are combustion systems and power plants that incorporate sweep-based membrane separation units to remove carbon dioxide from combustion gases. In its most basic embodiment, the invention is a combustion system that includes three discrete units: a combustion unit, a carbon dioxide capture unit, and a sweep-based membrane separation unit. In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a power plant including a combustion unit, a power generation system, a carbon dioxide capture unit, and a sweep-based membrane separation unit. In both of these embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture unit and the sweep-based membrane separation unit are configured to be operated in parallel, by which we mean that each unit is adapted to receive exhaust gases from the combustion unit without such gases first passing through the other unit.

Abstract: Hazardous process gases are heated to auto ignition temperatures by rods and cylinders in a heating chamber. The heated gases and oxygen mix in a combustion chamber, and the gases ignite and combust. Air is introduced to cool the hot combustion products. Particles are separated from the cooled gases. Pure non hazardous gases and air are exhausted.

Abstract: An exhaust gas post treatment system for, in particular, a self-igniting internal combustion engine including a catalytic converter that is arranged in an exhaust gas line, a fine particle filter and an introduction device for a reduction agent arranged upstream of the catalytic converter in the direction of the flow of the exhaust gas, and to a method for operating said type of exhaust gas post treatment system. An exhaust gas post treatment system and a method for operating said type of system that is simple to use and compact. This is achieved by virtue of the fact that the catalytic converter is a reductively or oxidatively operated catalytic converter, or that the introduction device, the catalytic converter, that can be operated reductively or oxidatively, and the fine particle filter are arranged in said sequence and in the exhaust line in the direction of flow.

Abstract: The invention relates to a honeycomb structure, made from a porous ceramic material, said structure being characterized in that the porous ceramic material which forms it comprises: from 50 to 95% by weight of silicon carbide SiC; from 5 to 50% by weight of at least one ceramic oxide phase, said structure additionally being characterized by a porosity greater than 10%, by a specific surface area greater than 0.5 m2/g and by a pore size distribution of at least bimodal type. The invention also relates to the process for obtaining such a structure and also to the catalytic support or filter obtained from such a structure, after deposition of a catalyst.

Abstract: A system includes a particulate matter (PM) filter that includes an upstream end for receiving exhaust gas and a downstream end. A zoned heater is arranged spaced from the upstream end and comprises N zones, where N is an integer greater than one, wherein each of the N zones comprises M sub-zones, where M is an integer greater than or equal to one, and wherein the N zones and the M sub-zones are arranged in P layers, where P is an integer greater than one. A control module selectively activates at least a selected one of the N zones to initiate regeneration in downstream portions of the PM filter from the one of the N zones and deactivates non-selected ones of the N zones.

Abstract: A porous ceramic honeycomb filter manufactured from an oxide-based ceramic material having a pore size distribution with d1?7.0 microns. Preferably, the oxide-based material is cordierite or aluminum titanate. Alternatively, the filter contains a cordierite-containing ceramic body with a narrow pore size distribution with db?1.00, wherein db=(d90?d10)/d50. Also disclosed is a batch mixture, method and honeycomb green body made from mixture of inorganic source materials selected from the group of magnesia sources, alumina sources, and silica sources, and a pore former having a narrow particle size distribution with dps?0.90, wherein dps={(dp90?dp10)/dp50}. The pore former is preferably selected from a group consisting of canna starch, sago palm starch, green mung bean starch, and single-mode potato starch.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are combustion systems, power plants, and flue gas treatment systems that incorporate sweep-based membrane separation units to remove carbon dioxide from combustion gases. In its most basic embodiment, the invention is a combustion system that includes three discrete units: a combustion unit, a carbon dioxide capture unit, and a sweep-based membrane separation unit. In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a power plant including a combustion unit, a power generation system, a carbon dioxide capture unit, and a sweep-based membrane separation unit. In yet another embodiment, the invention is a flue gas treatment system that incorporates three membrane separation units with a carbon dioxide liquefaction unit.

Abstract: A method and an equipment for reducing sulphur dioxide emissions of a marine engine, wherein flue gases are scrubbed with a scrubbing solution in a scrubber. Fresh water with added sulphur removal reagent is used as the scrubbing solution.

Abstract: An integrated exhaust gas cooling system and method, including an expansion joint linking the system to an upstream source of exhaust gas and a pre-oxidation section through which exhaust gas travels. A hot temperature zone in which the exhaust gas is maintained at a temperature optimal for an oxidation process extends through the pre-oxidation section. An oxidation catalyst in the hot temperature zone is provided. The exhaust gas passes through the oxidation catalyst. Oxidized exhaust gas passes a post-oxidation section downstream of the oxidation catalyst. A tempering air stream is injected into the post-oxidation section to create a cool temperature zone in which the oxidized exhaust gas is cooled below the temperature in the hot temperature zone and to a temperature optimal for a reduction process. The system includes a reduction catalyst in the cool temperature zone through which the oxidized exhaust gas passes.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes an inorganic particle, inorganic binder, a honeycomb unit, a first end face, and a second end face. The honeycomb unit includes plural partition walls extending along a longitudinal direction of the honeycomb unit to define through-holes. The first end face is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and provided at a first end of the honeycomb structure. The second end face is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and provided at a second end opposite to the first end in the longitudinal direction of the honeycomb structure. First circularity of the first end face and second circularity of the second end face are about 1.5 mm to about 4.0 mm. The circularity of the first end face is different from the circularity of the second end face.

Abstract: An exhaust gas processing method of the present invention includes sequentially introducing an exhaust gas from a semiconductor manufacturing equipment to a combustion-based detoxifying device, a dust collector, and a two-stage gas cleaning device, so as to process the exhaust gas, wherein the two-stage gas cleaning device is comprised of a first-stage gas cleaning device and a second-stage gas cleaning device, and gas cleaning is performed in the first gas cleaning device that uses water as a cleaning solution and subsequently in the second gas cleaning device that uses an alkaline aqueous solution as a cleaning solution.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment filter and method is provided for filtering engine exhaust, and reduces the maximum temperature experienced by the filter including during regeneration including during burn-off of trapped contaminant particulate including carbon oxidation combustion.

Abstract: A method of heating a used absorption liquid resulting from a carbon dioxide absorption stage in which a CO2 comprising gas stream is contacted with an absorption liquid comprising ammonia, wherein the used absorption liquid is subjected to heat exchange, in a heat exchanger, with a fluid of a desulfurization stage in which a SO2 comprising flue gas is contacted with a reagent composition comprising an alkaline compound.

Abstract: A method and system of providing compressed substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas for industrial purposes including the steps of extracting exhaust gas from a lean burn engine consuming a mixture of natural gas fuel and air, passing the extracted exhaust gas through a cooling step to cause entrained water vapor therein to condense out, separating and disposing of the condensed water, measuring the oxygen content of the exhaust gas, using the measurement to regulate the quantity of natural gas fed into an igniter into which the exhaust gas is also fed so that substantially all of the oxygen in the exhaust gas is consumed by combustion with the natural gas in the igniter to provide at an outlet of the igniter substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas, and compressing the substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas to provide compressed exhaust gas for industrial applications.

Abstract: The method and system relate to reducing the content of hazardous chemicals when handling malodorous gases emanating from a pulp mill and before burning said malodorous gases in final incineration equipment in oxygen excess environment in order to oxidize the sulphur compounds. The flow of malodorous gases is transported to final incineration (C2) by using liquid ring pumps. The hazardous chemical, preferably ammonia, is bound or dissolved in the liquid used in the liquid ring pump. A part of the liquid used in the liquid ring pump is bled off to final destruction different than the final incineration equipment in oxygen excess environment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of contacting a liquid with different gases sequentially in separate mass transfer zones within a single vessel, the mass transfer zones operatively in fluid communication with each other, including intimately contacting the liquid with a process gas in co-current flow in a downstream mass transfer zone to effect mass transfer between the liquid and the process gas, and introducing the liquid into an upstream mass transfer zone with a second gas, different from the process gas, thereby effecting mass transfer between the liquid and the second gas. The rate of flow of the liquid from the upstream mass transfer zone to downstream mass transfer zone is controlled by the controlled addition of a third gas into one or more downcomers separating each mass transfer zone such that the specific density of the liquid in the downcomers provides a driving force that controls flow.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing emissions of particulate matter from a gaseous stream are provided. The subject systems include a catalyst that reduces the amount of particulate matter emissions in the gaseous stream. Embodiments of the subject systems may also reduce the amount of particulate matter precursor emissions in the gaseous stream. In some cases, the subject systems and methods include a sorber that facilitates the reduction in particulate matter and particulate matter precursors in the gaseous stream. The subject methods and systems find use in a variety of applications where it is desired to reduce particulate matter emissions from a gaseous stream.

Abstract: An improved ceramic honeycomb filter has at least one porous partition wall defining a channel that is (1) microstructurally different along the length of the channel, (2) microstructurally different than at least a portion of a partition wall defining another channel or (3) combination thereof. The improved filter may be used for filtering Diesel exhaust and may have reduced back pressure and equivalent soot capture efficiency compared to a filter without having said microstructural differences.

Abstract: A purifier is described for use in a gas processing application. The purifier comprises a chamber having a gas inlet and a gas outlet. A series of baffles are arranged in the chamber and coated with a getter material selected for its ability to react with species to be removed from a gas stream and form stable compounds. The chamber also houses a source of the getter material, which is periodically activated to refresh the coating of getter material on the baffles.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a composite ceramic body with occluding a plurality of pores that are open at its surface of a porous ceramic body, the method includes the steps of impregnating a polysilazane solution including polysilazane having a repetition structure of fundamental units of at least one of [—Si(H)(CnH2n+1)—NH—] and [—Si(CnH2n+1)2—NH—], and a predetermined organic solvent, into the plurality of pores of the porous ceramic body, and heating the porous ceramic body to convert the polysilazane in the plurality of pores into ceramic material.

Abstract: An air pollution control system includes an emission treatment system configured to receive flue gas, to reduce at least one pollutant therefrom, and to output emission treated flue gas. A first air heater in fluid communication with the emission treatment system includes a heat exchanger for heating forced air introduced thereto above a base temperature and thereby cooling emission treated flue gas from the emission treatment system to a stack discharge temperature. A second air heater in fluid communication with the first air heater to receive heated forced air therefrom includes a heat exchanger for heating forced air introduced thereto to a preheat temperature for combustion in a boiler and thereby cooling flue gas introduced from a boiler to the second air heater to an emission treatment temperature. The second air heater is in fluid communication with the emission treatment system to introduce cooled flue gas thereto.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is purified by processes employing NOx-rich sulfuric acid that can be formed by removal of SO2 from the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is purified by processes employing NOx-rich sulfuric acid that can be formed by removal of SO2 from the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A layered three-way conversion catalyst having the capability of simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides is disclosed. Engine exhaust treatment system and methods of using the same are also provided. The catalytic material can be provided in layers such that a larger amount of oxygen storage component is provided in a downstream zone as compared to an upstream zone. For example, the upstream zone can be configured to have one, two, or three layers, and the downstream zone can be independently configured to have one, two, or three layers. In one or more embodiments, the catalyst supported on a carrier has three layers, where at least two of the layers are zoned to have an oxygen storage component being present in an upstream zone in an amount that is less than the oxygen storage component present in the downstream zone.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas treatment component with a ceramic body for the purification of exhaust gases and a method for making such a component, the ceramic body is disposed in a sheet metal housing consisting of a housing base from which housing sections extend which are hinged to the housing base by webs and which form together a tubular slotted housing part surrounding the ceramic body, the housing sections being tiltable outwardly about the webs for facilitating insertion of the ceramic body into the housing.