Abstract: A fluid flow distributor for mixing and distributing gas and liquid over the cross-section of the reactor vessel having an upward fluid flow path. The distributor comprises an inlet pipe for directing quench liquid into and through an inlet feed conduit connected with the reactor and an elliptically-shaped cover plate disposed above the outlet of said conduit, against which the flow from the conduit is directed. A relatively uniform distribution of the gas and liquid to the vessel is obtained by means of the plurality of apertures provided in the plate and the double reflection of the flow from the cover plate and the bottom of the vessel. The inlet conduit includes a plurality of baffles and orifices which aid in the thorough mixing of the quench liquid and the primary or main gas-liquid flow. This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 777,028, filed Mar. 14, 1977 now abandoned.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor includes a housing which has a refractory lining defining an elongate chamber. The chamber is comprised of a plurality of compartments which include a combustion compartment, a reaction compartment and a quench compartment. An inlet means opens into the combustion compartment and is operable for introducing hot combustion gases into the combustion compartment. Another inlet means opens into the chamber and is operable for introducing a feedstock hydrocarbon into the chamber. Quench liquid inlet means opens into the quench compartment and is operable for introducing quench liquid into the quench compartment. The quench inlet means includes a plurality of tubular members extending into the quench compartment, each having spaced apart discharge openings along the length thereof.

Abstract: Waste gases are purged by adding to the gas while it flows through an abser a neutralizing agent together with water and then subjecting the gas to cooling so as to evaporate the added liquid. The adsorption then results in a reaction with the neutralizing agent whereby dry salts are formed which are removed from the process. The temperature of the waste gas is automatically and continuously measured and the volume of the water is adjusted automatically and continuously in accordance with the temperature measurements. The amount of waste gases is furthermore automatically and continuously measured, preferably at several places of the process, and the amount of neutralizing agent is continuously and automatically adjusted to the latter measurements so as to obtain always the stoichiometric equivalent for the reaction with the pollutants.

Abstract: A vapor-solids contacting apparatus useful as a catalytic reactor in the processing of hydrocarbonaceous reactants. A plurality of preferably rectangular cross-section elongated catalyst compartments are formed by box-like structures having two opposing parallel perforate planar sides and sealed ends. The perforate sides of adjacent catalyst compartments form two of the sides of reactant flow chambers having the same length. Alternating ends of the reactant flow chambers are sealed to direct the reactants flowing from one end of the vessel to the other through the catalyst compartments.

Abstract: An assembly of a quench ring and dip tube is for use with a reactor vessel. It is particularly beneficial where the reactor generates large quantities of molten slag. The quench ring is mounted against the floor of the reactor vessel for cooling same, and there are a plurality of spray passages directing cooling water against the inside of the dip tube which surrounds the ring at the upper end, while extending into a bath of quench water.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor for catalyzed exothermic reactions is disclosed having at least one catalyst layer, characterized in that each individual layer is arranged between two coaxial cylindrical shells, at least two inlets for the reacting gases to the catalyst being provided in one of said shells and at least two outlets in the other shell. The inlets are provided in the external cylindrical shell, and the outlets are provided in the internal cylindrical shell. The inlets and outlets consist of a plurality of openings made in said cylindrical shells and aligned on circumferences that are intersections of the cylindrical shells with equidistant planes perpendicular to the axis of said cylindrical shells.

Abstract: A decoking device suitable for use on a reaction vessel for the thermal cracking of heavy petroleum oils, including an assembly mounted on top of the reaction vessel and having a cylinder and a piston slidably and rotatably received in the cylinder, the cylinder and piston defining a scrubbing liquid chamber which is sealed from the outside. A scrubbing liquid is fed through the scrubbing liquid chamber to a main injection pipe to inject the liquid through a multitude of jet nozzles in the main injection pipe against the inner wall surfaces of the reaction vessel, the main injection pipe being connected to the piston for movement therewith.

Abstract: An apparatus for reacting phosphoric acid and ammonia to form a molten reaction mixture, to which water can be added to produce an ammonium polyphosphate product, comprises:(A) fluid reactor means having a plurality of inlet means suitable for administration of reactants and positioned to provide for rapid ammoniation of the phosphoric acid with evolution of heat and aperatures to the other end providing exit means for the reaction mixture, said reactor means being adapted to the expulsion of the reaction mixture by steam generated in situ;(B) means for separating the steam from the liquid product solution and removal of said steam from the apparatus; and(C) columnar vessel means having outlet means at one end and enclosing at the other end the exit means of said fluid reactor means and a plurality of barrier means partially blocking said columnar vessel means in spaced-apart relationship and having aperatures therein for passage of reaction product therethrough and inlet means suitable for introduction of a

Abstract: An organic reactant is sulfonated by injecting it into a stream of gas comprising sulfur trioxide, at a venturi, and the resulting reaction mixture is quenched with a stream of cooled, recycled reaction product immediately downstream of the venturi in a conduit in which particles of reaction mixture are agglomerated into a film of the recycle stream and in which additional sulfonation reaction occurs.

Abstract: A process and apparatus, wherein as hot gas from a coal gasifier discharges through a tubular outlet having therein a wall which is permeable throughout its length for the flow of hot gas centrally therethrough, a gas shield is formed along the inner surface of the tubular outlet by passing a coolant through the wall, which gas shield cools the wall and prevents sticky ash particles in the hot gas from hitting the wall. The gas shield also cools the hot gas so that the sticky ash particles lose their stickiness.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing, reacting and/or evaporating components in a multi-phase flow tube, comprising a helically wound tube having an inlet pipe in the closed tube periphery and a separation vessel at the end of the tube. The coiled tube is surrounded by a tempering jacket divided into sections.

Abstract: An apparatus for the cooling of a cracking-gas stream comprises a vertical pipe through which the cracking-gas stream is conducted and opening into a larger pipe section which surrounds the first-mentioned pipe across an annular gap. A plurality of inlets open tangentially into this gap, upstream of the mouth of the first pipe to distribute cooling oil along the wall of the second pipe. The cooling oil film is found to be uniform and coherent and prevents contact of the cracking gas with the wall of this pipe. A further pipe opening axially into the surrounding pipe or pipe section sprays an additional quantity of cooling oil into the cracking-gas stream downstream of the mouth of the inlet pipe.

Abstract: A fluids spraying assembly for use with pressure vessels, the assembly being adapted to permit the spraying head to be retracted for inspection and replaced in spraying use without leakages of gases from the pressure vessel.