Abstract: A method for producing nanostructured multi-component or doped oxide particles and the particles produced therein. The process includes the steps of (i) dissolving salts of cations, which are either dopants or components of the final oxide, in an organic solvent; (ii) adding a dispersion of nanoparticles of a single component oxide to the liquid solution; (iii) heating the liquid solution to facilitate diffusion of cations into the nanoparticles; (iv) separating the solids from the liquid solution; and (v) heat treating the solids either to form the desired crystal structure in case of multi-component oxide or to render the homogeneous distribution of dopant cation in the host oxide structure. The process produces nanocrystalline multi-component or doped oxide nanoparticles with a particle size of 5–500 nm, more preferably 20–100 nm; the collection of particles have an average secondary (or aggregate) particle size is in the range of 25–2000 nm, preferably of less than 500 nm.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a nanocrystallite from a M-containing salt forms a nanocrystallite. The nanocrystallite can be a member of a population of nanocrystallites having a narrow size distribution and can include one or more semiconductor materials. Semiconducting nanocrystallites can photoluminesce and can have high emission quantum efficiencies.

Abstract: A method of producing hollow alumina particles in which the grain size of hollow alumina particles is controlled and in which a high formation ratio of hollow particles is obtained while suppressing the formation of solid particles. The method includes irradiating supersonic waves to an aqueous solution containing aluminum nitrate or aluminum acetate, and a surfactant or an organic acid to generate micro-liquid droplets in an atomized state, introducing only minute liquid droplets having a certain grain size or less, which have been classified by an air stream, into a furnace and burning them in air.

Abstract: Improved methods for the extraction or dissolution of metals, metalloids or their oxides, especially lanthanides, actinides, uranium or their oxides, into supercritical solvents containing an extractant are disclosed. The disclosed embodiments specifically include enhancing the extraction or dissolution efficiency with ultrasound. The present methods allow the direct, efficient dissolution of UO2 or other uranium oxides without generating any waste stream or by-products.

Abstract: In a metal oxide nanoparticle and a synthetic method thereof, and in particular to maghemite (?-Fe2O3) nanoparticles usable as a superhigh density magnetic recording substance by having good shape anisotropy and magnetic characteristics, hematite (?-Fe2O3) nanoparticles usable as a precursor to the maghemite or a catalyst, maghemite and hematite-mixed nanoparticles and a synthetic method thereof, the method for synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles includes forming a reverse micelle solution by adding distilled water, a surfactant and a solvent to metallic salt not less than trivalent, precipitating and separating gel type amorphous metal oxide particles by adding proton scavenger to the reverse micelle solution; adjusting a molar ratio of metal oxide to the surfactant by washing the gel type amorphous metal oxide particles with a polar solvent; and crystallizing metal oxide nanoparticles through heating or reflux after dispersing the gel type amorphous metal oxide particles in a non-polar solvent having a h

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing particles, such as oxide nanoparticles, in a substantially water-free environment. The process involves mixing at least one metal compound of the formula MX(m?n) with at least one surfactant and at least one solvent, wherein M is an electropositive element of Groups 1–15; each X is independently selected from the group consisting of O1/2, F, Cl, Br, I, OR, O2CR, NR2, and R; each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group; n is equal to ½ the oxidation state of the metal M in the product particle; and m is equal to the oxidation state of the element M. The components are typically combined to form a mixture which is thermally treated for a time period sufficient to convert the metal compound into particles of the corresponding oxide, having sizes in a range between about 0.5 nanometer and about 1000 nanometers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a preparation method of ?-alumina nano powder, and more particularly to a preparation method of ?-alumina nano powder that has a uniform particle shape and size distribution, is capable of being produced at a low temperature, and contains less than 20 ppm of alkali metals such as Na and K. the ?-alumina nano powder is prepared by glycolating aluminium alkoxide in glycol solution containing the ?-iron oxide or ?-alumina nucleation seed and carrying out glyco thermal reaction.

Abstract: A process for producing nano sized boehmite aluminas which are stable at alkaline pH values wherein an aqueous medium of a peptized boehmite alumina is treated with a water dispersible polycarboxylic acid polymer and optionally with an organic water dispersible base having a molecular weight ranging from 500 to 3000 and having no more than three basic groupings to produce a treated boehmite alumina which forms a stable sol at a pH of greater than 6, the treated boehmite alumina having a dispersed particle size of less than 500 nm in the sol.

Abstract: A method for producing aluminum hydroxide, comprises the steps of: elevating a temperature of a slurry having agglomerated secondary particles of aluminum hydroxide obtained through the Bayer's process suspended in a sodium aluminate solution from not more than 70° C. to not less than 85° C. within 15 minutes, thereby disintegrating the agglomerated secondary particles; and retaining, for a period of at least 15 minutes from temperature elevation, the temperature of the slurry so as not to be lowered to not less than 80° C.

Abstract: A method for the production of inorganic aluminum substances and amorphous silica from aluminum oxide containing ores, comprising: (a) leaching of said ores with fluorosilicic acid to obtain aluminum fluosilicate solution; (b) filtering said leached solution from insoluble materials; and (c) washing said insoluble materials.

Abstract: A method for producing ?-alumina powder is described. The method comprises the steps of removing water from a compound containing the following (1), (2), (3) and (4), and calcining the results: (1) ?-alumina precursor, (2) seed crystal, (3) water, (4) nitrate ion in an amount of from 2.8 to 3.3 mol per mol of aluminum (Al) contained in the ?-alumina precursor and the seed crystal.

Abstract: A composition of matter which is aluminum hydroxide, produced using the Bayer Process, wherein the aluminum hydroxide produced has a Total Organic Carbon of less than about 0.5 milligrams Total Organic Carbon/gram aluminum hydroxide.

Abstract: The present invention is focused on a revolutionary, low-cost (highly-scaleable) approach for the mass production of three-dimensional microcomponents: the biological reproduction of naturally-derived, biocatalytically-derived, and/or genetically-tailored three-dimensional microtemplates (e.g., frustules of diatoms, microskeletons of radiolarians, shells of mollusks) with desired dimensional features, followed by reactive conversion of such microtemplates into microcomponents with desired compositions that differ from the starting microtemplate and with dimensional features that are similar to those of the starting microtemplate. Because the shapes of such microcomponents may be tailored through genetic engineering of the shapes of the microtemplates, such microcomposites are considered to be Genetically-Engineered Materials (GEMs).

Abstract: ?-Alumina powder of fine particles having the primary particle diameters of from 10 nm to 100 nm, and of a high ratio of ?-phase and further having capability to provide a sintered body with high density, and a method of manufacturing the ?-alumina powder is provided. The method for manufacturing the ?-alumina powder comprises a step of mixing an aluminum compound which is the precursor for the corresponding ?-alumina and at least one selected from the group consisting of a titanium compound, an iron compound, a chromium compound, and ?-alumina, and aluminum nitride, aluminum carbide and a aluminum boride as a seed crystal(s), and a step of calcining the mixture at a temperature of from 600° C. to 1000° C. in the presence of HCl gas in an concentration of 1% by volume to 20% by volume.

Abstract: A method of producing a single-phase composition Mn+1AzXn, primarily the production of the single-phase material Ti3SiC2, where n lies within a range of 0.8-3.2, where z lies within a range of 0.8-1.2, where M is at least one metal taken from the group of metals Ti (titanium), Sc (scandium), V (vanadium), Cr (chromium), Zr (zirconium), Nb (niobium) and Ta (tantalum), where X is at least one of the non-metals C (carbon) and N nitrogen), and where A is at least one of the chemical elements Si (silicon), Al (aluminum) and Sn (tin) or a compound of those elements, such that the final, desired compound will include the components Mn+1AzXn. A powder mixture of the components is formed and is ignited under an inert atmosphere to prevent promotion of dissociation and to cause the components to react.

Abstract: Bulk Aluminum Antimonide (AlSb)-based single crystal materials have been prepared for use as ambient (room) temperature X-ray and Gamma-ray radiation detection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nickel mixed hydroxide with Ni as the main element and with a layer structure, comprising at least one element Ma from the group comprising Fe, Cr, Co, Ti, Zr and Cu which is present in two different oxidation states which differ by one electron in terms of the number of outer electrons; at least one element Mb from the group comprising B, Al, Ga, In and RE (rare earth metals) present in the trivalent oxidation state; optionally at least one element Mc from the group comprising Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn present in the divalent oxidation state; apart from the hydroxide, at least one additional anion from the group comprising halides, carbonate, sulfate, oxalate, acetate, borate and phosphate in a quantity sufficient to preserve the electroneutrality of the mixed hydroxide; and water of hydration in a quantity which stabilizes the relevant structure of the mixed hydroxide.

Abstract: Process for rendering inert an ash originating from the incineration of municipal waste, according to which the ash is subjected successively to treatment (19) with a water-soluble phosphate (20) in the presence of water, under conditions adjusted to crystallize hydroxyapatite and/or whitlockite, and to calcination (22). Artificial pozzolana, obtained by subjecting an ash originating from the incineration of municipal waste to such an inerting process.

Abstract: The process of the present invention destroys cyanide, especially that associated with spent aluminum potliners, by reacting, in a preferred embodiment the crushed potliners with an effective amount of a mixture made from a chloride salt and bleach in cyanide destroying conditions. The chloride salty preferably is calcium chloride. The bleach is calcium or sodium hypochlorite. The reaction mixture generally also includes calcium carbonate as a source of carbon dioxide to accelerate the reaction rate.

Abstract: Doped, nanosize metal oxide particles have been shown to exhibit stimulated emission and continuous-wave laser action when energized appropriately, for example by electron beams. The doped particles are useful as solid state lasing devices and “laser paints”. Particles containing homogeneously distributed dopant atoms in concentrations greater than the thermodynamic solubility in the metal oxide matrix, and having in some circumstances, unusual oxidation states, have been produced.

Abstract: A method of preparing carbonaceous blocks or bodies for use in a cathode in an electrolytic cell for producing aluminum wherein the cell contains an electrolyte and has molten aluminum contacting the cathode, the cathode having improved wettability with molten aluminum. The method comprises the steps of providing a carbonaceous block and a boron oxide containing melt. The carbonaceous block is immersed in the melt and pressure is applied to the melt to impregnate the melt into pores in the block. Thereafter, the carbonaceous block is withdrawn from the melt, the block having boron oxide containing melt intruded into pores therein, the boron oxide capable of reacting with a source of titanium or zirconium or like metal to form titanium or zirconium diboride during heatup or operation of said cell.

Abstract: Methods of treatment of cyanide-containing waste are provided. In particular, methods for treatment of spent potliner prior to landfill disposal are provided. These methods, which involve treatment of the waste with a mixture containing an aqueous oxidizing solution and an agent, such as magnesium chloride, that increases the oxidation potential of the solution, can be performed at ambient temperature and pressure.

Abstract: The invention encompasses methods of forming titanium-based mixed-metal materials and zirconium-based mixed-metal materials utilizing one or more of a reduction process, electrolysis process and iodide process. The invention also encompasses a sputtering target comprising zirconium and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Ce, Co, Cs, Dy, Er, Fe, Gd, Hf, Ho, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pr, Sc, Sm, Sr, Ta, Ti, V, W, Y, and Yb. The invention also encompasses a sputtering target comprising titanium and boron.

Abstract: The present invention provides an &agr;-alumina powder, which is suitable for use as a filler for silicon rubber or the like for manufacturing a heat-conductive sheet. The &agr;-alumina powder includes &agr;-alumina particles having an average particle diameter of not less than about 2 &mgr;m and not more than about 5 &mgr;m, a particle size distribution such that a ratio of 90 wt % diameter D90 to 10 wt % diameter D10 represented by D90/D10 is not more than about 2, and a crystalline form represented by an index A of more than about 0.40 and not more than about 0.50, wherein the index A is obtained by substituting X-ray intensities I(110), I(300) and I(116) at (110) plane, (300) plane and (116) plane, respectively, determined by X-ray diffraction, into the following formula (I): A={I(110)+I(300)}/{2×I(116)}  (I).

Abstract: A method of treating metal-contaminated spent foundry sand, or other industrial waste, by combining the sand with a sulfite to produce insoluble metal sulfur oxide complexes that do not leach from the sand. The treated waste may also be processed to reducing “clumping,” thereby rendering the treated waste appropriate for use in another industrial process.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a conductive pigment powder, which includes indium oxide, tin and gold, and having a purple color tone. Other embodiments of the present invention provide a method of producing a conductive pigment powder; a dispersion solution and a transparent conductive film, which include the above-mentioned conductive pigment powder; a method of forming a transparent conductive film; and a cathode ray tube, which includes the above-mentioned transparent conductive film and a transparent substrate.

Abstract: Suspensions and powders based on indium tin oxide are prepared by a method in which indium tin oxide precursors are precipitated from solutions in one or more solvents in the presence of one or more surface-modifying components, the solvent(s) are removed from the precipitate, which is then calcined, one or more surface-modifying components and one or more solvents are added, the mixture is comminuted or dispersed to form a suspension, and the liquid components are separated from the suspension to give a powder. The powder may be converted into a moulding by a shaping process. The materials prepared by this method are especially suitable as coating materials for use in microelectronics and optoelectronics.

Abstract: A process of recovering metals from waste lithium ion batteries, wherein the waste batteries are calcined and sieved to generate an ash containing metals and metal oxides. The invented process includes subjecting the ash to a dissolution etching treatment, and a filtration treatment, and separately using a membrane electrolysis method to separate out metal copper and cobalt, wherein the acid generated on the cathode side in the electrolysis process can be recovered through a diffusion dialysis treatment. After electrolysis, the solution rich in lithium ion, after precipitating the metal impurities by adjusting the pH value, can be added with a carbonate ion to form a lithium carbonate.

Abstract: This invention concerns catalysts comprising a molybdenum compound of formula I, II, III, IV or V I VqMoAyOz II NiMoxByOz′ III VNiwMoxCy′Oz″ IV CoNiwMoxDyOz′″ V VNiwCorMoxEyOz″″ wherein: A is at least one cation selected from the group consisting of cations of: Cr, Sb, Co, Ce and Pb; B is at least one cation selected from the group consisting of cations of: Sb, Al and W; C is at least one cation selected from the group consisting of cations of: Fe, Zn, Al, Sb, Bi, W, Li, Ba, Nb and Sn; D is at least one cation selected from the group consisting of cations of: Ba, Mn, Al, Sb, Sn, and W; E is at least one cation selected from the group consisting of cations of: Fe, Ca, Mn, Sr, Eu, La, Zr, Ga, Sn and Pb; q, r, w, x and y are each independently a number from 0.1 to 10 and y′ is a number from 0 to 10, z, z′, z″, z′″, and z″″ are determined using the amounts and oxidation states of all cations present in each formula.

Abstract: A method of treating metal-contaminated spent foundry sand, or other industrial waste, by combining the sand with a sulfite to produce insoluble metal sulfur oxide complexes that do not leach from the sand. The treated waste may also be processed to reduce “clumping,” thereby rendering the treated waste appropriate for use in another industrial process.

Abstract: In a Bayer process for the production of alumina, the crystal formation of alumina trihydrate is improved by adding to the clarified sodium aluminate liquor an anionic water-soluble hydroxamated polymer in an amount effective to provide an upward shift in the particle size distribution of alumina trihydrate crystals formed upon precipitation from the feed liquor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a clathrate compound which can be used as a thermoelectric material, a hard material, or a semiconductor material. Silicon or carbon are formed into a clathrate lattice, and a clathrate compound is then formed in which specified doping atoms are encapsulated within the clathrate lattice, and a portion of the atoms of the clathrate lattice are substituted with specified substitution atoms. The clathrate lattice is, for example, a silicon clathrate 34 (Si34) mixed lattice of a Si20 cluster including a dodecahedron of Si atoms, and a Si28 cluster including a hexahedron of Si atoms. Suitable doping atoms are atoms from group 1A, group 2A, group 3A, group 1B, group 2B, group 3B, group 4A, group 5A, group 6A, and group 8, and suitable substitution atoms are atoms from group 1A, group 2A, group 3A, group 1B, group 2B, group 3B, group 5A, group 6A, group 7A, group 5B, group 6B, group 7B, and group 8 of the periodic table.

Abstract: A process for synthesis of finely divided antiperspirant suspensions includes providing an antiperspirant salt consisting essentially of an Al salt which is effective as an antiperspirant and which is described by an empirical formula as follows: Al(OH)(3−b)XbzH2O where b=0.4 to 3, z<4, and X=halogen; mixing the Al salt into a non-aqueous oil phase to provide a mixture; and subsequently grinding the mixture with a suitable milling device at a temperature below 80° C. to provide a suspension having a preselected fineness. A perspiration-inhibiting cosmetic preparation includes, as active ingredient, the antiperspirant suspension described above.

Abstract: A method of extracting active mineral liquid from a rock such as granite is described. This method comprises charging an extraction vessel with finely divided granite at ambient temperature and pressure; introducing an aqueous ammonia solution with agitating and then diluted sulfuric acid into the vessel; introducing 98% ethyl alcohol at below 80° C. into the vessel to elevate the inner pressure of the vessel to 2-3 kg/cm2 for facilitating the formation of complexes; and agitating the resulting reaction mixture for 20-160 minutes at 80° C. to 85° C. while maintaining the internal pressure of the vessel. The active mineral liquid is advantageously used as a mineral source for soils, animals, plants, the human body and so forth, and as an agent for the purification of waterworks as well as for the treatment of wastewater.

Abstract: Positive electrode-active materials for use in lithium-ion and lithium-ion polymer batteries contain quaternary composite oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and aluminum where one of the four is present at levels of over 70 mol percent. The composite oxides can be lithiated to form positive electrode-active materials that are stable over at least ten charge/discharge cycles at voltage levels over 4.8 volts, and have capacities of over 200 mAh/g. Methods for producing the materials and electrochemical cells and batteries that include the materials are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides homogeneously surface-fluorinated metal oxide particulates, characterized in that a metal oxide particulate such as Ti, Al, Si, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zr, Ce, Mn, Sn, Ge and Ta is surface reacted with fluorine gas while allowing the metal oxide particulate to flow, and also provides a process for manufacturing the metal oxide particulates. The homogeneously surface-fluorinated metal oxide particulates according to the present invention are useful as an additive for a weatherproof coating material, a weatherproof resin or a cosmetic material. Furthermore, according to the process of the present invention, the surface of a metal oxide particulate can be homogeneously fluorinated at any ratio in a very simple and efficient manner.

Abstract: A non-metallic product (NMP) substantially free of metallic aluminum and aluminum nitride which is utilized for making calcium aluminate.

Abstract: A method of forming and classifying a precipitate containing large, coarse and fine particles from a super-saturated precipitating mother slurry, e.g. sodium aluminate from the Bayer process. The method comprises separating the precipitating mother slurry into a plurality of separate streams, introducing each stream into a vessel provided with an agitated lower zone and a quiescent upper zone to form the precipitate, with the large and coarse particles remaining as a slurry in the agitated lower zone and the fine particles migrating to the quiescent zone, removing product slurry from the lower agitated zone, and removing spent liquor containing the fine particles from the quiescent upper zone. The invention also provides apparatus for carrying out the method. The combined precipitation and partial classification (separation of fine particles) makes it possible to deal with high solids charges increasingly encountered in industrial processes.

Abstract: A process for producing zinc oxide fine particles comprising heating a mixture comprising a zinc source, a carboxyl-containing compound, and an alcohol; a process for producing zinc oxide-polymer composite particles, which comprises heating a mixture comprising a zinc source, a carboxyl-containing compound, a polymer, and an alcohol at a temperature of 100° C. or higher; a process for producing inorganic compound particles having on their surface a cluster of thin plate like zinc oxide crystals with their tip projecting outward, which comprises heating a mixture comprising a zinc source, a carboxyl-containing compound, lactic acid or a compound thereof, and an alcohol at a temperature of 100° C.

Abstract: Spent potliner from an aluminum reduction cell is subject to an acid digest and the digest may be adjusted to produce a first gas component comprised of at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon tetrafluoride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide gas and water vapor, and a slurry component comprised of at least one material selected from the group consisting of carbon, silica, alumina, and sodium, iron, calcium and magnesium compounds. The first gas component is removed from the digester and heated to a temperature sufficiently high to convert said silicon tetrafluoride to fumed silica and hydrogen fluoride. Thereafter, the fumed silica is separated from the hydrogen fluoride to recover fumed silica from spent potliner material.

Abstract: The method of the present invention detoxifies spent aluminum potliners to remove hazardous cyanides, fluorides, and polynuclear aromatics by reacting crushed potliners with a CaCl2/HCl leach mill solution in the presence of iron. The method produces a solid waste suitable for landfill disposal and a recyclable reaction liquor. The reaction to destroy the polynuclear aromatics preferably occurs at a pH of no more than about 0.2, at about 120° C. and 80 psig following destruction of the cyanides and converting of the fluorides to florspar in an initial oxidation at a lower temperature, lower pressure, and higher pH.

Abstract: A process of treating spent potliner material from aluminum reduction cells and recovering useful products. In the process of the present invention, spent potliner material is introduced into an acid digester containing, for example, sulfuric acid. As a result of this step, a gas component is produced which includes hydrogen fluoride, silicon tetrafluoride and hydrogen cyanide. Also, a slurry component is produced which includes carbon, a refractory material including silica, alumina, sodium compounds such as sodium sulfate, aluminum compounds such as aluminum sulfate, iron compounds such as iron sulfate, magnesium and calcium compounds such as magnesium and calcium sulfate. The slurry component remains in the digester after the gas component is removed. The gas component is recovered and heated an effective amount to convert or decompose the silicon tetrafluoride to fumed silica, hydrogen cyanide to a remaining gas component including CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, and nitrogen oxides, as well as HF gas.

Abstract: A process for recovering one of alumina hydrate, magnesium hydroxide and magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4) from aluminum dross wherein the dross is processed to a non-metallic product (NMP). The dross may contain fluxing salts which are removed in providing the NMP. The NMP may be derived from aluminum dross which does not contain fluxing salts sometimes referred to as white dross. The process comprises digesting the non-metallic product with an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric and phosphoric acid or mixtures thereof to provide a slurry containing dissolved alumina, magnesia and a solid component, for example, containing magnesium aluminate spinel. Instead of an acid, a base such as sodium hydroxide may be used. The slurry is filtered to separate the solid component from the liquid containing dissolved constituents such as alumina and magnesia to recover the solid component.

Abstract: A modified zeolite or molecular sieve membrane for separation of materials on a molecular scale. The modified membrane is fabricated to wholly or partially block regions between zeolite crystals to inhibit transfer of larger molecules through the membrane, but without blocking or substantially inhibiting transfer of small molecules through pores in the crystalline structure. The modified membrane has a monomolecular layer deposited on the zeolite surface which has coordinated groups of atoms that include (i) a metal atom bonded to oxygen atoms that are bonded to the zeolite substrate atoms (e.g., silicon atoms) and (ii) either hydroxyl groups bonded to the metal atoms or additional oxygen atoms bonded to the metal atoms.

Abstract: A process for modifying surfaces of zeolites and molecular sieve membranes to decrease effective pore size for separation of materials includes atomic layer controlled vapor or liquid deposition. The atomic layer controlled deposition process steps include (i) exposing the surface to a metal atom coordinated with ligand groups having bonds that are hydrolyzable to form molecular bonded structures on the surface, which structures comprise the metal atoms coordinated with the ligand group or a modified ligand group and then (ii) hydrolyzing the bonds and possibly, but not necessarily, cross-linking the bonds in the ligand or modified ligand group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing aluminum oxide fibers and, particularly, a process for producing aluminum fibers that have a high aspect ratio and can be accurately aligned, said process for producing aluminum oxide fibers comprising the steps of: uniformly mixing an aluminum or aluminum alloy powder with a boron oxide powder or a powder which, upon heating, can be converted to a boron oxide powder; and heating the mixed powder, or comprising the steps of: mixing not more than 50% by weight, in terms of titanium, of a titanium or titanium alloy powder to the starting mixture; and heating the mixed powder.

Abstract: The recovery of aluminum chloride from deactivated alkylation catalyst complexes by hydrogenation using hydrogen gas and an aluminum catalyst is disclosed. Using aluminum to catalyze the hydrogenation allows the reaction to proceed at a lower temperature and pressure while reducing the amount of hydrogen chloride present in the reactor thus reducing the corrosiveness and cost of the aluminum chloride recovery. Methods for batch, batchwise continuous, and continuous aluminum chloride recovery are disclosed.

Abstract: A single crystal of a nitride having a length of not less than 10 mm, a width of not less than 10 mm and a thickness of not less than 300 .mu.m, or having a length of not less than 20 mm and a diameter of not less than 10 .mu.m. In the production of the single crystal, either a mixed powder composed of a nitride powder and an oxide powder or an amorphous nitride powder is provided as a source material powder, the source material powder is heated in a nitrogen atmosphere or in a nitrogen atmosphere containing hydrogen and/or carbon at a temperature below the sublimation temperature or melting temperature of the nitride to decompose and vaporize the nitride powder, and the decomposed and vaporized component is subjected to crystal growth from the vapor phase on a substrate. The nitride single crystal is useful as a bulk material for heat sinks, electric and electronic components, such as semiconductors, optical components, and components of electric equipment and office automation equipment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for separating the group III element component of a group III-V material from an aqueous waste containing a group III-V material to allow for their recovery and beneficial use. The method includes adjusting the pH of an aqueous waste containing a group III-V material to a pH from about 9.5 to about 12.5 by adding an alkali metal hydroxide base to the aqueous waste; precipitating a group V element oxyanion by adding a soluble alkaline metal salt to the aqueous waste; separating the group V element oxyanion from the aqueous waste; adjusting the pH of the aqueous waste to form a group III element hydroxide precipitate by adding a mineral acid to the aqueous waste; separating the group III element hydroxide precipitate from the aqueous waste; and recovering the group III element from the group III element hydroxide precipitate.

Abstract: A method for selecting chemical grade silicon metalloid having improved performance in a direct process for making organohalosilanes. The method comprises (A) heating a chemical grade silicon metalloid sample at a temperature ramp speed controlled to effect a stepwise reduction of oxide impurities present in the chemical grade silicon metalloid to a temperature greater than about 2300.degree. C. in the presence of a carbon source thereby effecting the formation of a reduction product consisting of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, (B) determining the amount of the reduction product formed above a temperature of about 1900.degree. C., and (C) selecting a chemical grade silicon metalloid for use in the direct process for making organohalosilanes based upon the amount of the reduction product formed above a temperature of about 1900.degree. C.