Abstract: An elastic bar member is clamped to an orbiting mass oscillator and the entire assembly is suspended from a cable or the like such that the bar member has freedom of lateral motion and is nakedly immersed in a leachant having a material contained therein such as a mineral ore from which metal is to be extracted. The rotor of the orbiting mass oscillator is driven at a speed such as to generate cycloidal sonic energy in the bar preferably at a frequency such as to set up resonant standing wave vibration of the bar in a cycloidal nutating pattern. The cycloidal vibrational energy tends to set the surrounding fluid material into a whirling rotation or rotary traveling wave which facilitates the mixing of the ore and leachant and enhances the leaching operation to make for more complete separation of the mineral from the ore.

Abstract: A method for producing a magnesia powder for use as an electrical insulating material. A magnesia clinker powder is washed with an aqueous solution of an acid. The acid radical content of the powder is subsequently reduced to 0.015% by weight or less by washing the powder with water or by subjecting the powder to a heat treatment.

Abstract: Dibasic carboxylic acids or salts thereof are used to remove metals, particularly calcium and iron, from hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks. An aqueous solution of the acid is used to extract the metals from the feedstock prior to processing. Oxalic acid is the preferred compound.

Abstract: A magnetic recording powder comprising a hexagonal barium ferrite substituted with a coercive force control element. This magnetic powder is preliminarily treated with sulfate ion-containing water so as to convert any free barium ions in the magnetic powder to a water insoluble compound such as BaSO.sub.4 or BaS.sub.2 O.sub.7. There is also proposed a magnetic recording medium having a magnetic layer containing such a magnetic powder as mentioned above.

Abstract: A method for purifying starting materials for chalcogenide glass is disclosed, which comprises contacting chalcogen starting materials at a high temperature with a metal which is more susceptible to oxidation than the chalcogen starting materials to allow the metal to react with oxygen contained as impurity in the chalcogen starting material to form an oxide of the metal, and then removing the metal and the oxide of the metal from the chalcogen starting materials.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the removal of metals contaminants, particularly calcium, from hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks. The process comprises mixing the feedstock with an aqueous solution of a metals sequestering agent, particularly amino-carboxylic acids, their salts, or mixtures thereof, more particularly EDTA, and separating the aqueous solution containing the metals from the demetalated feedstock.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the demetalation of organically-bound compounds of Group VIII metals, particularly iron, from hydrocarbonaceous feedstock. In the process, an aqueous solution of amino-carboxylic acid, or salts, particularly EDTA, is used to form complexes with the metals and extract them from the feedstock. The aqueous phase containing the complexed metals contaminants is then separated from the hydrocarbonaceous phase.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the removal of metals contaminants, particularly calcium, from hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks. The process comprises mixing the feedstock with an aqueous solution of a metals sequestering agent, particularly hydroxocarboxylic acids, especially citric acid, then salts or mixtures thereof, and separating the aqueous solution containing the metals from the demetalated feedstock.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing metals contaminants, particularly calcium compounds, from hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks using aqueous carbonic acids, its salts, or mixtures thereof as the metals extraction agent. The hydrocarbonaceous layer and aqueous layers are then separated and the demetalated hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is removed for further processing.

Abstract: A process for producing a substantially pure, concentrated MgCl.sub.2 solution suitable for subsequent molten salt electrolysis to magnesium metal from an impure magnesite ore or concentrate is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of calcining a magnesite ore or concentrate at a temperature greater than 600.degree. C. to decompose most of the magnesite and form a reactive magnesia, dissolving such reactive magnesia with either concentrated hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride gas with the addition of a surface active wetting agent to produce an impure concentrated MgCl.sub.2 solution, and reacting such impure concentrated MgCl.sub.2 solution with a minimum of excess magnesia to increase the pH of the solution to at least 5.5 to precipitate undesirable impurities from solution and produce a substantially pure MgCl.sub.2 solution.

Abstract: A process and reagents are described for separating beryllium silicate concentrates by flotation from oxidic minerals. The process is especially suitable for the separation of phenacite and bertrandite present in ores with complex gangue compositions. The ore is ground and subjected to acid pretreatment, then conditioned by the addition of pH modifier, alkali fluoride activator and a depressant containing sodium hexametaphosphate and carboxymethyl cellulose, or hexametaphosphate and quebracho. The conditioned ore is thereafter treated with a tall oil fatty acid-based collector mixture, of general formula C.sub.17 H.sub.31-35 COOH; which also contains cresylic acid, kerosene and a branched short-chained aliphatic alcohol, such as methyl-iso-butyl carbinol. Mercapto acetic acid and alkali metal hydrogen sulphide may also be added in the second and third stages of conditioning, respectively, for increasing selectivity. The mineral concentration process includes conventional rougher and cleaner flotation steps.

Abstract: In flue gas desulfurization, sorbent promoters are recovered by mixing collected particulates with water to form a slurry. The slurry is dewatered and wet solids are disposed. The recovered material contains water soluble desulfurization promoters and is reinjected in a flue gas desulfurization humidification system. The recycle allows recovery of water soluble promoters and reduces consumption. In addition, for promoters having undesirable disposal characteristics, the system improves the disposal characteristics of the waste solids.

Abstract: A material is, herein disclosed for collecting radionuclides and heavy metals that comprises an acrylic fiber element having MnO.sub.2 and/or ferrocyanide compound of the formula K.sub.2 M.sup.II [Fe(CN).sub.6 ] (wherein M.sup.II is a divalent metal such as cobalt, zirconium, zinc or nickel) supported thereon. The material of the present invention is used in collecting and concentrating radionuclides present in liquid radioactive wastes discharged from nuclear power plants and other facilities using radioisotopes such as hospitals and non-destructive testing laboratories. The material is also used in collecting and concentrating radionuclides and heavy metals present in the seawater, rivers and industrial waste-water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of an aqueous calcium chloride solution, which process comprises: locating a charge of calcium carbonate within a reaction vessel; and contacting an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid with the calcium carbonate charge to produce carbon dioxide and the aqueous calcium chloride solution. The carbon dioxide produces a foam at the top of the aqueous calcium chloride solution and entrains therewithin at least a portion of any fines contained in such solution. In one embodiment, the fines are removed from the reaction system by allowing the foam and its entrained fines to overflow the reaction vessel. In another embodiment, removal of the fines is achieved by providing a foam reservoir into which the foam and its entrained fines continuously enter and a defoaming mechanism for breaking down the entering foam.

Abstract: A matnetic recording powder comprising a hexagonal barium ferrite substituted with a coercive force control element. This magnetic powder is preliminarily treated with sulfate ion-containing water so as to convert any free barium ions in the magnetic powder to a water insoluble compound such as BaSO.sub.4 or BaS.sub.2 O.sub.7. There is also proposed a magnetic recording medium having a magnetic layer containing such a magnetic powder as mentioned above.

Abstract: A solid, water impervious landfillable composition of a process for treating iron chloride wastes such as those obtained when chlorinating titanium ore is disclosed. The process involves reacting the iron chlorides with limestone in molten CaCl.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O, where x equals 3-6. The composition comprises CaCl.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O where x is from 3-6 and FeO.sub.Y where Y is from 1.0-1.5 and the weight ratio of CaCl.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O (calculated as CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2 O)/FeO.sub.Y is from 1/9-4/1.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an entrained-downflow chlorination process of fine metalliferous ores particularly containing alkali and/or alkaline earth metals greater than about 0.3% by weight as the oxide. The process includes a quenching step following the chlorination step where the chlorinated products are quenched by liquid cooling fluid spray patterns adapted to prevent solidification of the alkali and/or alkaline earth materials onto the reactor walls. The chlorinator unit of this invention prevents disruption of the chlorination process due to presence of liquids or sticky particles and it contains a quenching spray means disposed below the chlorination zone in the entrained-downflow chlorinator unit, whereby the quenching sprays prevent reactor wall buildup.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for the chlorinating volatilization of impurity metals detrimental to the production of iron from a raw material which contains the oxides of the impurity metals and iron or which forms them in an oxidizing atmosphere, in which the pulverous raw material is at a high temperature of 900.degree. C. or more and in an oxidizing atmosphere contacted with a magnesium chloride in order to chlorinate and volatilize the impurity metals. The preheated raw material and anhydrous magnesium chloride are fed into a fluidized bed on an inclined grate, hot air being fed into the bed through the grate in order to volatilize the chlorides of the impurity metals, and purified raw material is discharged from the lower section of the fluidized bed into a separate chamber, in which it is rinsed with an air flow the flow rate of which is substantially higher than that of the air flow fed into the fluidized bed.

Abstract: The object of this invention is a process for separating metal compounds, even in small percentages, from dusts and sludges, by reduction.The process may be successfully applied to the selective separation of vanadium pentoxide contained in small fractions in the ashes of heavy fuels, as well as to the separation and/or passivation of chromium compounds, of which the polluting characteristics are well-known.Separation is obtained by means of a reduction tower containing preferably iron scraps or shavings, adjusting on one side the pH of the input solutions according to their compositions, and on the other side the speed with which the solution passes through the reduction tower, so as to obtain a specific pH value of the output, again depending on the type of metal to be treated (FIG. 2).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the hydrometallurgical treatment of finely divided iron-containing steel plant dusts containing zinc, lead and such other metal values as calcium, manganese, silicon, magnesium, aluminum, cadmium, copper, and the like. The process is carried out by forming an aqueous slurry of the flue dust with a mixed lixiviant comprising HCl and H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, the amount of sulfate ion concentration being in excess of the chloride ion concentration and in stoichiometric excess of that required to sulfate substantially all of the lead and calcium present. The amount of chloride ion present as HCl should be sufficient to maintain the pH at about 1 to 4. The leaching is conducted at a temperature ranging from ambient to below the boiling point for a time at least sufficient to effect dissolution of at least zinc and other metal values and form a residue containing iron oxide, calcium sulfate and lead sulfate.

Abstract: Finely divided lime, at any degree of slaking, is introduced in a steady stream into an agitated reactor designed to produce pellets or aggregates. Concentrated acetic acid is simultaneously introduced in a steady stream at a rate equal to the chemical combining rate required to produce calcium magnesium acetate. Water content of the reaction stream is critical; the mol ratio of water, including water of neutralization, to the calcium magnesium acetate product must fall in the range 3.3-7.0 in order to form the desired pellets and to avoid sticking, caking, and dust emanation from the reactor. Product pellets are drawn off in a stream from the reactor and dried for use as a non-polluting roadway and walkway deicer. Traction agent is optionally incorporated into the deicer pellets by introducing a steady stream of traction agent to the reactor simultaneous with raw materials introduction. Magnesium-to-calcium ratios greater than one are achieved by blending dolime with magnesium-rich ore.

Abstract: Metal trithiocarbonates such as Na.sub.2 CS.sub.3 are useful depressant for such sulfided minerals as copper and iron sulfides in molybdenum recovery.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of phosphuretted slag obtained by refining a molten bath, such as steel. The process according to the invention involves hot oxidizing the slag into which is blended, after refining, a pulverized solid adjuvant, strongly oxidizing and easily fusible upon contact with the slag. Among utilizable adjuvants, the carbonates of alkaline metals or alkaline earth metals are preferred, in particular sodium carbonate, which additionally, is a product currently utilized in the domain of the elaboration of metal, notably in iron metallurgy. The invention ensures a rapid passivation of the slag in stabilizing the phosphorus by forming phosphate and allowing in this manner the avoidance of the liberation of very toxic phosphenes which are produced naturally by cold hydrolysis.

Abstract: A process for treating iron chloride wastes such as those obtained when chlorinating titanium ore is disclosed. The process involves reacting the iron chlorides with limestone in molten CaCl.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O, where x equals 3-6 and separating the resulting iron oxide from the molten CaCl.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O.

Abstract: A process for making magnesium hydroxide which comprises treating brine with an adsorptive magnesium hydroxide whereby at least part of the boron ions contained in the brine are adsorbed on to the adsorptive magnesium hydroxide, the brine being mixed counter-currently with the adsorptive magnesium hydroxide in a series of stages such that at each stage the brine is successively contacted with adsorptive magnesium hydroxide from a succeeding stage and there is recovered from the final stage a brine of reduced boron ion content, reacting the brine of reduced boron ion content with alkali to precipitate a low boron magnesium hydroxide and recovering the low boron magnesium hydroxide.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of calcium chloride produced in the conversion of metal chloride by-products of chlorination to hydrous metal oxides. The hydrous metal oxides and other by-products of chlorination are insoluble in an aqueous solution of at least about 75 weight percent calcium chloride having a generally neutral pH and temperature between about 174 degrees centigrade and about 200 degrees centigrade. Calcium chloride also is readily recovered from the above solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in a method of regenerating alkaline or alkaline earth metal oxides or hydroxides from solution particularly in delignification processes wherein a suitable transition metal such as ferric oxide is burnt with the solution to produce a mixed oxide that is subsequently treated in hot water to regenerate the alkaline or alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide and precipitate the transition metal oxide. The improvement controls the presence of fines in the transition metal oxide to maintain these at an acceptable level in the fluidized bed combustion zone. This is achieved by contacting the fines with spent liquor from a delignification process. The invention also provides for the pelletization of the fine material of the transition metal oxide and spent delignification liquor can be used as a binder in the formation of such pellets.

Abstract: There is provided a process for replacing the magnesium oxide portion of a nature magnesium silicate with sodium oxide thereby to form sodium silicate which comprises melting a natural magnesium silicate and sodium carbonate at a temperature of from 1100.degree. to 1350.degree. C. until a clear melt is obtained, the molar ratio of sodium oxide derived from the sodium carbonate per mole of silica contained in the natural magnesium silicate being from 4:1 to 7:1, quenching and extracting said clear melt with water and separating the insoluble magnesium oxide from the solution containing predominantly sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: Process of purification of magnesic raw material. Sulphur dioxide is allowed to react with an aqueous suspension of calcinated magnesite, crude or contaminated magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, hydrated magnesium carbonates, or crude crystals of magnesium sulphite, and, after reaching a pH of 3 to 7.5 the reaction mixture is separated into a solid phase at least one fraction of which is rich in MgSO.sub.3.xH.sub.2 O, wherein x stands for 3 or 6, and at least one fraction containing concentrated impurities. The whole process is carried out at least once. A reaction mixture having a pH below 5 can be preferably transferred to pH 5.2 by the addition of an alkali, e.g. magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide, whereupon separation of at least two fractions of the solid phase is accomplished. The fractions obtained can be further purified by mixing in a hydrophilic liquid, and by a following separation. The fraction of crude magnesium sulphite crystals can be heated to a temperature over 60 degress C.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the removal of phosphorous material, such as apatite from phosphorous bearing materials, preferably those having a particle size less than 0.25 mm. The beneficiation treatment process comprises treating an aqueous phosphatic slurry with an alkaline EDTA complexing material. After contacting the aqueous mineral slurry with the complexing agent for a sufficient period of time, the divalent cation of apatite is complexed with the complexing material, which in turn releases the associated anionic species of apatite into solution for removal and recovery.

Abstract: A process for recovering non-ferrous metal values from their ores, minerals, concentrates, oxidic roasting products, or slags by sulphating said starting material using a mixture comprising iron (III) sulphate and alkali metal- or ammonium sulphate as a reagent.

Abstract: A process of making a calcium acetate-containing solution having a pH value at room temperature between about 7 and about 8 is provided comprising reacting acetic acid with a carbonate compound, adding calcined limestone, and optionally finishing off the acid-base reaction with an amount of an alkali metal hydroxide comprising from about 2% to about 5% of the total stoichiometric complement to the amount of acetic acid. Further process options which may be used in the preparation of deicing agents include adding coarse limestone to the above-prepared calcium acetate-containing solution in amounts up to 10% by weight and converting the solution into solid flakes. The calcium acetate salt product can be mixed with an inert solid material having good anti-slip properties.

Abstract: A process of reacting aqueous acetic acid and crushed raw limestone in such a way as to produce a mixture of calcium acetate, calcium acid-acetate, and unreacted raw limestone devoid of undesirable fine limestone. Such a product is useful in winter highway treatment, where the environmentally safe soluble acetates function to depress the freezing point of water, and the limestone acts as a roadway traction agent. When as much as 3 mols of acetic acid per mol of active calcium carbonate in limestone are used, all the limestone is consumed, with virtually 100% yield of calcium acid-acetate.

Abstract: Alkali and alkaline earth metal chlorides contained in a residue of a chlorination process of a feed material of bauxite or clay associated with coal are removed by the addition of sulfuric acid which causes their conversion to their sulfate form, and the simultaneous production of hydrochloric acid. The residue, which has been rendered environmentally acceptable, can be disposed of readily, for example, to an ash pond or disposal area for flue gas desulfurization sludges. The hydrochloric acid is then recycled to the chlorination process. The hydrochloric acid may be utilized, for example, as a binder of the feed material, to prechloridize the feed material or as a portion of the leach solution when the chlorination process is a hydrochloric acid leach.

Abstract: A process of making a calcium acetate-containing solution having a pH value at room temperature between about 7 and about 8 is provided comprising reacting acetic acid with a carbonate compound, adding calcined limestone, and optionally finishing off the acid-base reaction with an amount of an alkali metal hydroxide comprising from about 2% to about 5% of the total stoichiometric complement to the amount of acetic acid. Further process options which may be used in the preparation of deicing agents include adding coarse limestone to the above-prepared calcium acetate-containing solution in amounts up to 10% by weight and converting the solution into solid flakes.

Abstract: Sulphuric acid leaching has been used in the treatment of lateritic ores for the recovery of nickel and cobalt therefrom. However, in order to obtain good extraction from these ores, prolonged treatment using acid of high strength and also using high pressures and recycling steps have been necessary. In the improved method of the invention nickel and cobalt is solubilized from high-magnesia nickeliferous serpentine ores by leaching the ore with an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid while adding to the solution a reducing agent to maintain the redox potential of the solution at a value between 200 and 400 millivolts, measured against the saturated calomel electrode. This improved procedure increases the reactivity of the serpentine and results in maximum extraction of nickel consistent with minimum extraction of iron and magnesia and minimum acid consumption.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of producing a liquid agent for improving the quality of contaminated water, particularly water in pools, natural bodies of water and waste waters, characterized by introducing with agitation comminuted rock-salt clay or a mixture thereof with rock-salt deads into an aqueous solution or suspension of an inorganic base, stirring the resultant mixture for 2 to 5 (preferably 3) hours, thereupon adjusting the pH of the resultant solution to a value of between 7.5 and 10.5 (and preferably between 9.5 and 10.5) by means of the addition of acid or alkali, and removing undissolved portions from the solution.

Abstract: Biomass residue is added at the cold end of a rotary calcination kiln to generate heat in situ thereby diminishing substantially the amount of fossil fuel normally fired at the hot end of the kiln.

Abstract: A process of making a calcium acetate-containing solution having a pH value at room temperature between about 7 and about 8 is provided comprising reacting acetic acid with a carbonate compound, adding calcined limestone, and optionally finishing off the acid-base reaction with an amount of an alkali metal hydroxide comprising from about 2% to about 5% of the total stoichiometric complement to the amount of acetic acid. Further process options which may be used in the preparation of deicing agents include adding coarse limestone to the above-prepared calcium acetate-containing solution in amounts up to 10% by weight and converting the solution into solid flakes.

Abstract: Novel sequestering agents useful for the extraction of metal values and in various organic syntheses comprise a cross-linked organic polymeric substrate, said substrate having covalently coupled thereto a plurality of functional groups, the free valence of which having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7, which are identical or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.5 and R.sub.8, which are also identical or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl radical, a --C.sub.g H.sub.2q --.phi. or C.sub.q H.sub.2+1 --.phi.-- radical, and further wherein q ranges from 1 to about 12, and n, m and p, which are also identical or different, range from 1 to 10, and .phi. is phenyl.

Abstract: A method of leaching of the metal contents in natural silicates by means of mineral acids to produce a metal-containing leaching liquid and a solid residue is disclosed. The silicate is first crushed but the grain size of substantially all of it is kept above 0.1 mm. It is then leached for a period of time sufficient to form a solid residue consisting chiefly of silica. The process is controlled so that the grains do not change in size or shape in the course of the leaching process. The silicate to be leached may be anorthosite or olivinrich rock and the solid residue from the leaching process may be utilized for building material, as a source for silicon in industrial processes, as a catalyst or carrier of catalysts or as an absorbent.

Abstract: A method for leaching magnesium from a magnesium hydroxide-containing composition, especially a mineral, which comprises contacting said composition with an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt whose corresponding magnesium salt is soluble in said aqueous solution to thereby produce said soluble magnesium salt; separating said aqueous solution from said composition; and transforming the magnesium of said soluble magnesium salt into an insoluble magnesium compound. The method is particularly useful for leaching magnesium from brucite-containing chrysotile asbestos fibers, to yield both a magnesium compound and brucite-free, dispersed chrysotile fibers.

Abstract: Metals are extracted from mixtures of oxides or silicates by reacting the mixture at elevated temperature with a gaseous chlorinating agent comprising a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen chloride to selectively chlorinate the desired metal or metals.

Abstract: A process for recovering aluminum from clays associated with coal or bauxite containing iron, siliceous material and titanium which comprises: (a) chlorinating the clay or bauxite in an oxidizing atmosphere to selectively chlorinate and vaporize iron chloride from the remaining chlorides, (b) chlorinating the residue from step (a) in a reducing atmosphere or carbon monoxide and vaporizing the chlorides of aluminum, silicon, titanium, and the residual iron, (c) separating and recovering the formed vaporized chlorides by selective condensation. Silicon tetrachloride may be added to step (b) to suppress the chlorination of silicon. If the clay contains alkali or alkaline earth metals, then the residue of step (b) is treated with sulfuric acid to convert the soluble chlorides, e.g., gypsum, to sulfates and to regenerate a chloridizing and binder solution for pelletizing the clay or bauxite.

Abstract: To a coal-fired furnace that uses electrostatic precipitation or a mechanical collector to collect fly ash, a mix of magnesia-alumina or magnesia-talc is added above the fireball (2600.degree.-3300.degree. F.). The additive increases the mean particle size of the fly ash and reduces its surface resistivity, thereby causing improved collection in the electrostatic precipitators or mechanical collector. Fine particulates containing heavy metals tend to be agglomerated; thus the invention permits recovery of substantial amounts of heavy metal contaminants that would otherwise be lost as stack emission.

Abstract: In the regeneration of alkaline liquors as used in paper pulping, a mixed oxide compound of an alkali or alkaline earth metal oxide and an oxide of Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, or Mn is formed by burning black liquor. The burning step is carried out in a fluidized bed. The mixed oxide product is washed in cold water and subsequently treated with hot water to precipitate the oxide of Ti, Fe, Co, Ni or Mn and enable recovery of the alkaline solution for recycling.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for the manufacture of metal chlorides by the double-decomposition reaction between a metal chlorinating agent and a metal oxide having greater affinity for chlorine than does the oxide of the metal chloride, and in the presence of small amounts of boron chloride or functionally equivalent boron compounds that increase the rate and degree of completion of the reaction.A major application of this invention is for the making by the chlorination of clay of aluminum chloride and alumina intermediates for the manufacture of aluminum metal.SiCl.sub.4 is formed in the carbo-chlorination of clay or other aluminous-siliceous ores. The SiCl.sub.4 by this invention is catalyzed with BCl.sub.3 and reacted with calcined clay to produce AlCl.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2. The practical use of SiCl.sub.4 to make AlCl.sub.3 thus eliminates the previous costly burden of waste SiCl.sub.4 production.

Abstract: Bone china is produced by including a boron-containing substance in the composition in water-insoluble form. Use of the boron-containing compound results in a lowering of the firing temperature and widening of the firing temperature range.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the conversion of magnesium fluoride to calcium fluoride whereby magnesium fluoride is decomposed by heating in the presence of calcium carbonate, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. Magnesium fluoride is a by-product of the reduction of uranium tetrafluoride to form uranium metal and has no known commercial use thus its production creates a significant storage problem. The advantage of this invention is that the quality of calcium fluoride produced is sufficient to be used in the industrial manufacture of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, steel mill flux or ceramic applications.

Abstract: Finely divided lime, at any degree of slaking, is introduced in a steady stream into an agitated reactor designed to produce pellets or aggregates. Concentrated acetic acid is simultaneously introduced in a steady stream at a rate equal to the chemical combining rate required to produce calcium magesium acetate. Water content of the reaction stream is critical; the mol ratio of water, including water of neutralization, to the calcium magnesium acetate product must fall in the range 3.3-7.0 in order to form the desired pellets and to avoid sticking, caking, and dust emanation from the reactor. Product pellets are drawn off in a stream from the reactor and dried for use as a non-polluting roadway and walkway deicer. Traction agent is optionally incorporated into the deicer pellets by introducing a steady stream of traction agent to the reactor simultaneous with raw materials introduction. Magnesium-to-calcium ratios greater than one are achieved by blending dolime with magnesium-rich ore.