Abstract: To overcome the problem of a conventional catalyst and to provide an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that meets the requirement concerning Hg oxidation activity and SO2 oxidation activity; i.e., an exhaust gas purifying catalyst which specifically reduces percent SO2 oxidation, while maintaining percent Hg oxidation at a high level. The invention provides an exhaust gas purifying catalyst which comprises a composition containing oxides of (i) titanium (Ti), (ii) molybdenum (Mo) and/or tungsten (W), (iii) vanadium (V), and (iv) phosphorus (P), wherein the catalyst contains Ti, Mo and/or W, and V in atomic proportions of 85 to 97.5:2 to 10: 0.5 to 10, and has an atomic ratio of P/(sum of V and Mo and/or W) of 0.5 to 1.

Abstract: A method for decomposing N2O is described. The method uses, as a catalyst, an oxide based on cerium and lanthanum, which further includes at least one oxide of an element chosen from zirconium and rare earths other than cerium and lanthanum. This catalyst is stable, enabling it to be used at high temperatures.

Abstract: A TiO2-based catalyst material in particle form having a content of metal removes pollutants, in particular of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adsorber, including a reaction chamber, an adsorbent having adsorption properties enabling the at least partial removal of water from a gas stream including NOx and/or SOx, and a coating essentially consisting of a polymer material on at least a portion of the inner metal wall of the reaction chamber, said polymer being resistant to the acidic liquids at temperatures above 150° C.

Abstract: Ammonia oxidation catalyst units comprising a pair of honeycomb-type blocks having interplaced between them a layer of a gas permeable material performing the function of radially mixing the gas flow, said blocks comprising an ammonia oxidation catalysts, and having height of less than 15 cm and the interplaced layer height of 3 to 0.5 cm.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst for treating exhaust gas capable of reducing the amount of a highly corrosive mercury-chlorinating agent to be added while keeping the mercury oxidation efficiency high in an exhaust gas treatment. By the catalyst for treating exhaust gas, nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas is removed upon contact with ammonia serving as a reducing agent, and mercury is oxidized using a halogen serving as an oxidant. The catalyst includes: TiO2 as a support; an oxide of at least one selected from the group consisting of V, W and Mo, which is supported as an active component on the support; and at least one selected from the group consisting of Bi, P, and compounds containing Bi and/or P, which is supported as a co-catalyst component on the support.

Abstract: A technique that, in an exhaust gas purification apparatus of an internal combustion engine, can avoid a decrease in a NOx purification rate by adding a reducing agent as continuously as possible, while avoiding NH3 from passing through a selective reduction type NOx catalyst to a downstream side thereof. The selective reduction type NOx catalyst has an active spot which purifies NOx by the use of NH3, and an adsorption site which adsorbs NH3, wherein a vicinity site, which is located in the vicinity of the active spot, and a distant site, which is located distant from the active spot, exist in the adsorption site. The addition of the reducing agent from the reducing agent addition part is controlled based on the desorption rate of NH3 in the vicinity site so as to continue to cause the NH3 adsorbed to the vicinity site to exist.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising: (a) a first layer comprising an oxidizing catalyst having an effective PGM loading such that oxidation of hydrocarbons generates sufficient heat to regenerate soot, wherein said effective amount of PGM is greater than about 10 g/ft3; and (b) a second layer adjacent to said first layer and comprising a reducing catalyst to selectively reduce NOx.

Abstract: Zeolite catalysts and systems and methods for preparing and using zeolite catalysts having the CHA crystal structure are disclosed. The catalysts can be used to remove nitrogen oxides from a gaseous medium across a broad temperature range and exhibit hydrothermal stable at high reaction temperatures. The zeolite catalysts include a zeolite carrier having a silica to alumina ratio from about 15:1 to about 256:1 and a copper to aluminum ratio from about 0.25:1 to about 1:1.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a granulate having photocatalytic activity, comprising particles of an inorganic particulate material coated with a photocatalytically active compound for introducing photocatalytic activity into or on building materials. The invention is further related to the manufacture of such a granulate and its use into or on building materials such as cement, concrete, gypsum and/or limestone and water-based coatings or paints for reducing an accumulation and growth of microorganisms and environmental polluting substances on these materials and thus reducing the tendency of fouling, while the brilliance of the color is maintained and the quality of the air is improved.

Abstract: The oxidation of nitrogen oxide (NO) in an oxygen-containing exhaust gas flow from a diesel or other lean-burn engine may be catalyzed using particles of co-precipitated and calcined manganese (Mn), cerium (Ce) and zirconium (Zr) mixed oxides. In preferred embodiments, the molar ratios of Mn, Ce and Zr to the total amount of base metals in the ternary mixed oxide catalyst are in the range of 0.25-0.35, 0.40-0.50 and 0.20-0.25, respectively. Further, this ternary mixed oxide catalyst is less susceptible to sulfur poisoning than previously-disclosed binary mixed oxide catalysts. The ternary mixed oxide catalyst may also be regenerated—and the inhibiting effect of SO2 reversed—by briefly exposing the catalyst to a reducing exhaust gas environment.

Abstract: Described is a method for cleaning the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, which method is suitable for reducing harmful gases and particle emissions. Here, the exhaust gas to be cleaned is conducted, under operating conditions, with a discontinuous profile of the air ratio ? across a wall-flow filter substrate which comprises a catalytically active coating containing one storage material. The storage material is suitable for temporarily storing one or more exhaust-gas components under certain operating conditions and releasing said exhaust-gas components again in a targeted fashion in the event of a suitable change in the operating conditions. The coating is configured such that the component has a gradient of the storage material concentration and/or of the total coating amount, with the highest concentration of the storage material in the longitudinal direction of the component being present on the inflow side.

Abstract: An air pollution control system 10A according to the present invention includes: a boiler 11 that burns fuel; NOx removal equipment 12 that decomposes nitrogen oxides in flue gas 25 discharged from the boiler 11; a desulfurizer 15 that causes sulfur oxides in the flue gas 25 having passed through the NOx removal equipment 12 to be absorbed by an absorbent, thereby reducing sulfur oxides in the flue gas 25, a waste-water treatment device 16 including a solid-liquid separating unit 31 that separates desulfurized waste water 28 discharged from the desulfurizer 15 into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, and a mercury removing unit 32 that removes mercury in the desulfurized waste water 28; and a treated waste-water returning unit (a makeup water line) 17 that returns at least a part of treated waste water 40 treated by the waste-water treatment device 16 to the desulfurizer 15.

Abstract: An exhaust gas conversion system includes an oxide catalyst, a filter, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst and an ammonia supplying device. The filter has a honeycomb structural body including a honeycomb unit. The selective catalytic reduction catalyst has a honeycomb structural body including a honeycomb unit. The oxide catalyst, the filter and the selective catalytic reduction catalyst are sequentially arranged in a direction in which an exhaust gas flows. A ratio of an area of a cross section of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst with respect to an area of a cross section of the filter perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the filter is approximately 0.55 or more and approximately 0.90 or less. The area of the cross section of the filter is approximately 300 cm2 or more and approximately 1000 cm2 or less.

Abstract: A method includes contacting a catalyst including a metal having an average particle size of approximately one nanometer or greater with SO2; and reducing the average particle size of the metal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing ammonia suitable for use as a reductant in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR), a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), or a flue gas conditioning system is provided. A method for treating combustion exhaust gas with ammonia is provided that includes the electrolytic hydrolysis of urea under mild conditions. The electrolysis apparatus includes an electrolytic cell, which may be operatively coupled to an exhaust gas treatment system to provide an apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and/or particulate in exhaust gases.

Abstract: The reduction of nitrogen oxides in gas is carried out, by means of selective reaction of the nitrogen oxide with the reducing agent in the in the solid catalyst. In order to achieve high catalytic activity, the above is carried out at high gas temperatures. As a rule, ceramic filter elements, coated with catalytic material are used. This does, however, give rise to the risk the catalytically active components are stripped from the filter during the hot gas filtration. A ceramic filter element with support material in the form of particles, with binder material and catalytic material is thus disclosed, whereby the binder material comprises catalytic material, or the binder material is partly replaced by the catalyst material and the support material particles (1) are connected to each other by means of the catalyst and/or binder material.

Abstract: A fluidized bed boiler plant and a method of combusting sulfurous fuel in the fluidized bed boiler plant, a furnace of which plant is provided with a fluidized bed of particles. Sulfurous fuel, CaCO3-containing sulphur-binding agent and combusting air are introduced to the bed of particles, whereby fuel burns and generates flue gases and the sulphur-binding agent calcinates to CaO and binds SO2 generated in the combustion. Energy is recovered to a heat exchange medium circulating in heat exchange tubes of a condensing heat exchanger arranged in a flue gas channel, and a water solution of acid condensing on outer surfaces is neutralized by mixing it in a mixing vessel to a CaO-containing ash from a plant, preferably, fly ash collected by a dust separator.

Abstract: The present invention deals with the serious pollution problems from electric power plants that burn coal which may be forced to shut down by virtue of their being uneconomical to be retrofitted with expensive pollution controls. The pollutants from coal-burning power stations comprise SO2, NOx, Hg, Particulate Matter, Ash, and CO2. This invention offers a unique and comprehensive solution that makes possible the prevention of the ill-effects currently caused to health and environment while at the same time would also prevent the closure of these badly needed power generation facilities that provide some 50% of the electricity generated in this country. The herein comprehensive solution converts the six mentioned pollutants into valuable products and thus avoids the discharge of such pollutants into the atmosphere.

Abstract: An after-treatment system architecture and method for oxidizing the nitric oxide component of a gas stream are disclosed. One embodiment may include treatment of a gas stream that includes NOx with a perovskite catalyst of the general formula ABO3 or a modified formula of ABO3 wherein a small amount of a promoter material is substituted for a portion of at least one of element A or element B in a catalytic oxidation reaction to oxidize nitric oxide in the gas stream.

Abstract: A method for removing mercury in a combustion exhaust gas includes injecting ammonia or urea as a reducing agent into a combustion exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, metallic mercury, and hydrogen halides, and then introducing the combustion exhaust gas to a denitration apparatus filled with a denitration catalyst to cause a denitration reaction and oxidize the metallic mercury to produce mercury halide; and introducing the combustion exhaust gas through an air preheater and an electric dust collector to a wet desulfurization apparatus, thereby removing sulfur dioxides and the mercury halide, wherein the ammonia concentration of the combustion exhaust gas at an exit of the denitration apparatus is maintained at 5 ppm or higher, and the mercury halide is adsorbed or precipitated onto combustion ash and collected by the electric dust collector to discharge the mercury halide out of a system.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for heating a solid or liquid reducing material such as an urea-containing material for NOx selective catalytic reduction (‘SCR’) using a heat stored in a thermal energy storage material, such as a phase change material. The stored heat may be heat from an exhaust waste, such as from an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The reducing material may be a solid reducing material. Other reducing materials include aqueous solutions such as an aqueous solution containing, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea and water. In one aspect, the process may include a step of evaporating an aqueous solution of urea for immediate urea hydrolysis.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a first catalytic composition comprising a first catalytic material disposed on a metal inorganic support; wherein the metal inorganic support has pores; and at least one promoting metal. The catalyst system further comprises a second catalytic composition comprising, (i) a zeolite, or (ii) a first catalytic material disposed on a first substrate, the first catalytic material comprising an element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, titanium, and vanadium. The catalyst system may further comprise a third catalytic composition. The catalyst system may further comprise a delivery system configured to deliver a reductant and optionally a co-reductant. A catalyst system comprising a first catalytic composition, the second catalytic composition, and the third catalytic composition is also provided. An exhaust system comprising the catalyst systems described herein is also provided.

Abstract: In light of the fact that a catalyst of the prior art rapidly deteriorates in an exhaust gas of biomass combustion, the present invention realizes a NOX reduction catalyst which is less likely to be deteriorated even if used in a treatment of an exhaust gas containing a high concentration of potassium component in a combustion ash, like an exhaust gas of biomass combustion, and provides a method for reduction of NOX in an exhaust gas of biomass combustion with high efficiency for a long period using the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx in alkali metal containing flue gas using ammonia as reductant, the catalyst comprising a surface with catalytically active sites, wherein the surface is at least partly coated with a coating comprising at least one metal oxide. In another aspect the present invention relates to the use of said catalyst and to a method of producing said catalyst. In addition, the present invention relates to a method of treating an catalyst for conferring thereon an improved resistance to alkali poisoning.

Abstract: The present invention, in some embodiments, provides catalyst modules and/or catalytic reactors having increased effective catalyst cross-sectional areas. In some embodiments, a catalyst module comprises a fluid stream inlet side comprising a plurality of first catalyst bodies and a plurality of first ducts and a fluid stream outlet side comprising a plurality of second catalyst bodies and a plurality of second ducts, wherein the first ducts are a fluid stream inlet to the second catalyst bodies and the second ducts are a fluid stream outlet for the first catalyst bodies.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising: (a) a first layer comprising an oxidizing catalyst having an effective PGM loading such that oxidation of hydrocarbons generates sufficient heat to regenerate soot, wherein said effective amount of PGM is greater than about 10 g/ft3; and (b) a second layer adjacent to said first layer and comprising a reducing catalyst to selectively reduce NOx.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of catalysts for use in connection with one or more types of emissions control (e.g., emissions control associated with the combustion of one or more types of fossil fuel) and, in particular to catalyst compositions that possess an improved resistance to at least one type of poisoning. In another embodiment, the catalysts of the present invention are designed to be utilized in conjunction with an SCR and possess an improved resistance to phosphorus poisoning.

Abstract: A nanocomposite particle, its use as a catalyst, and a method of making it are disclosed. The nanocomposite particle comprises titanium dioxide nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and a surface stabilizer. The metal oxide nanoparticles are formed hydrothermally in the presence of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite particle is an effective catalyst support, particularly for DeNOx catalyst applications.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for regenerative selective catalytic reduction including a catalyst chamber that contains a catalyst for reducing NOX in a gas stream passing therethrough. The system also includes a reactant injector, first and second heat exchangers, and a valve manifold adapted to direct a substantially continuous gas stream through the heat exchangers and catalyst chamber in such a manner as to flow through the catalyst chamber in the same flow direction during each cycle of the system. The invention also provides a process of regenerative selective catalytic reduction wherein the gas stream through the catalyst chamber flows in the same flow direction during each cycle of the process.

Abstract: In a hybrid vehicle, control is executed to operate an engine with fuel injection being performed, when an unexecuted percentage of catalyst degradation suppression control is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the unexecuted percentage, when a power storage percentage of a battery is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the power storage percentage and the battery is charging, and also when a vehicle speed is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the vehicle speed and a cumulative air amount is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the cumulative air amount, when a catalyst temperature is less than a first threshold temperature and equal to or greater than a second threshold temperature, when the catalyst temperature is equal to or greater than the first threshold temperature, when there is a braking request while the engine is operating.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for protecting a catalyst within a combustor. In one embodiment, a catalytic reactor includes a protective coating that may be chemically removed or mechanically removed while the catalytic reactor is disposed in a combustor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of atomizing fluids. Some embodiments described herein relate to a nozzle for atomization of one fluid in an exhaust system of a combustion engine or gas turbine, the nozzle comprising an inlet and two or more outlets, arranged so that fluid streams discharged from the two or more outlets impinge at a distance from the two or more outlets so that the fluid streams discharged from at least two of the two or more outlets impinge each other at a specified angle in the range of 70° to 95° so as to provide a spray by atomization of the fluid. The fluid streams may e.g. have a cross section in the order of 0.005 to 0.05 mm2 before impingement.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to diminish a ratio of a concentration of N2O in the dilution air to a concentration of N2O in the measurement object gas diluted by the dilution air as much as possible by removing N2O in a dilution air so that a measurement accuracy of a concentration of N2O in a measurement object gas can be improved. A heater 33 that applies heat to the dilution air, a Pd catalyst 341 and a Pt catalyst 342 are arranged in this order on a flow channel where a dilution air used for diluting the measurement object gas flows, and N2O in the dilution air is oxidized to NOx or reduced to N2 by the Pd catalyst 341 and the Pt catalyst 342.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst is provided which is capable of combusting PM in a diesel engine exhaust gas at a low temperature and which has low degradation due to heat generated during combustion (i.e., has high heat resistance). A composite oxide for an exhaust gas purification catalyst is formed from Ce, Bi, R, R?, and oxygen, and when the molar ratios of Ce, Bi, R, and R? are expressed as Ce:Bi:R:R?=(1?x?y?z) :x:y:z, it satisfies 0<x?0.4, 0<y<1.0, and 0<z?0.5. Since this composite oxide has no change in its BET value even when treated at a high temperature, and can withstand a high amount of sulfur poisoning, retrogradation due to poisoning is low. Therefore, this exhaust gas purification catalyst is suitable as a PM combustion catalyst.

Abstract: After adjusting an exhaust gas temperature at an exit of a heat recovery unit (11) of an exhaust gas treating apparatus to not more than a dew point temperature of sulfur trioxide (SO3), a heavy metal adsorbent is supplied from a heavy metal adsorbent supply unit (16) disposed in an exhaust gas at an entrance of a precipitator (4) or an intermediate position within the precipitator (4), and the exhaust gas containing the heavy metal adsorbent is supplied into the precipitator (4). Preferably at this stage, the heavy metal adsorbent is supplied into the exhaust gas at the entrance of the precipitator (4) 0.1 seconds after the exhaust gas temperature at the exit of the heat recovery unit (11) has been adjusted to not more than the dew point temperature of SO3.

Abstract: An exhaust gas aftertreatment installment and associated exhaust gas aftertreatment method utilizes a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter and an SCR catalytic converter. A particulate filter is provided upstream of the nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter or between the latter and the SCR catalytic converter or downstream of the SCR catalytic converter. The time of regeneration operating phases of the nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter can be determined as a function of the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas downstream of the nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter or of the SCR catalytic converter and/or as a function of the ammonia loading of the latter. Moreover, a desired ammonia generation quantity can be determined for a respective regeneration operating phase. The installation and method are adopted for use for motor vehicle internal combustion engines and other engines which are operated predominantly in lean-burn mode.

Abstract: A system for reducing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust fluid is provided. The system includes an exhaust source, a hydrocarbon reductant source, a first injector in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon reductant source, where the first injector receives a first hydrocarbon reductant stream from the hydrocarbon reductant source, and expels the first portion of the hydrocarbon reductant stream. The system further includes a first catalyst that receives the exhaust stream and the first hydrocarbon reductant stream, a second injector in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon reductant source, where the second injector receives a second hydrocarbon reductant stream from the hydrocarbon reductant source, and expels the second hydrocarbon reductant stream, and a second catalyst disposed to receive an effluent from the first catalyst and the second portion of the hydrocarbon reductant stream.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of making, through direct synthesis, a catalyst comprising an Fe-SAPO-34 molecular sieve. There is also disclosed an Fe-SAPO-34 molecular sieve made according to the disclosed method herein, wherein the molecular sieve contains both framework iron and iron cations at ion-exchange sites. In addition, there is disclosed a method of using the Fe-SAPO-34 disclosed herein in a selective catalytic reduction reaction, typically in the presence of ammonia or urea, to reduce or remove nitric oxides from exhaust emissions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a multi-component system for adsorbing contaminants and/or pollutants from a contaminated hot fluid by using a turbulent air stream, to adiabatically cool the temperature of the fluid, in association with one or more adsorbents. The system of the present invention can also be coupled to a recovery and recycling unit to recover and recycle the contaminant and/or pollutant and the adsorbent material.

Abstract: A unique combination of male and female gas connectors for one way transfer of gasses.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction reactor (8), which comprises at least one catalyst layer (14), is operative for removing NOx from a flow of process gas of a process plant, such as a combustion plant or an incineration plant. A device for controlling the feeding of a reducing agent, such as urea or ammonia, to said at least one catalyst layer (14), which has an attack area (A) facing the flow (P) of process gas, comprises at least one supply nozzle (32) which is operative for supplying reducing agent in at least one supply area (34) which corresponds to a part of the attack area (A), and a moving device (36) which is operative for moving said supply area (34) over the attack area (A).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixed metal oxide catalyst in which a hydrotalcite precursor containing an alkali metal is impregnated or intercalated with a nonprecious metal, a method of manufacturing the same, and a method of decomposing nitrogen oxide using the mixed metal oxide catalyst. The mixed metal oxide catalyst has excellent catalytic activity because it can decompose NOx, N2O or a mixture thereof even at low temperature, and is economical because it does not use a precious metal.

Abstract: A method is provided for purifying exhaust gas from an engine having an exhaust passage with a selective reducing catalyst and an oxidation catalyst upstream of the selective reducing catalyst. The method calculates an amount of NOx that flows into the selective reducing catalyst; sets an amount of an additive agent to be supplied to the selective reducing catalyst based on the calculated amount of NOx; determines a degradation degree of the oxidation catalyst; determines whether a correction to the amount of the additive agent is necessary based on the determined degradation degree of the oxidation catalyst; corrects the amount of the additive agent to be supplied when the correction is necessary; and supplies the additive agent to the selective reducing catalyst in the corrected amount if the amount is determined to be corrected and in the uncorrected amount if the amount is determined not to be corrected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of adsorbing and reducing nitrogen oxides using a mixed metal oxide catalyst, and more particularly, to a method of improving the efficiency of adsorption and desorption of nitrogen oxides using a mixed metal oxide catalyst prepared from a hydrotalcite precursor. According to the invention, NOx and N2O, which coexist with oxygen (O2) known to be very difficult to reduce and decompose, are efficiently decomposed by adsorbing and separating NOx and N2O from oxygen and then decomposing the adsorbed NOx and N2O using a reducing agent.

Abstract: Apparatus, process and article for treating a gas containing one or more of a chemical and/or biological contaminant. The process includes contacting the gas with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a gas depleted of chemical and active biological contaminants. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. The composition comprises no more than two elements selected from the group consisting of yttrium, scandium, and europium when the aggregate has been sintered. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from cerium carbonate. In one embodiment, the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, and optionally, a binder. Although intended for a variety of fluid treatment applications, such applications specifically include the treatment of breathing gases such as air that may contain chemical and/or biological contaminants.

Abstract: Provided are catalyst articles, emission treatment systems and methods for simultaneously remediating the carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The emission treatment system of specific embodiment effectively treats diesel engine exhaust with a single catalyst article.

Abstract: This catalyst system simultaneously removes ammonia and enhances net NO, conversion by placing an NH3-SCR catalyst formulation downstream of a lean NOx trap. By doing so, the NH3-SCR catalyst adsorbs the ammonia from the upstream lean NOx trap generated during the rich pulses. The stored ammonia then reacts with the NOx emitted from the upstream lean NOx trap—enhancing the net NOx conversion rate significantly, while depleting the stored ammonia. By combining the lean NOx trap with the NH3-SCR catalyst, the system allows for the reduction or elimination of NH3 and NOx slip, reduction in NOx spikes and thus an improved net NOx conversion during lean and rich operation.

Abstract: A catalytic material which includes a metal oxide catalyst anchored to a nano-sized metal oxide crystal as support and functions well at low temperatures. The catalytic material may optionally include another metal oxide as a promoter deposited on the surface of the support to modify the properties of the metal oxide catalyst and/or the properties of the support. The catalyst may be vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide or molybdenum oxide; the support may be TiO2, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, or WO3; and the promoter may be vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide or molybdenum oxide. The present invention also provides a method of producing the catalytic materials, which is useful in removing ammonia and other nitrogen containing contaminants.

Abstract: A system may include a urea injection device, first, second and third conduits and a valve. The first conduit may contain a fluid and may be in heat transfer relation with the urea injection device. The second conduit may be in selective fluid communication with the first conduit. The third conduit may be in selective fluid communication with the first conduit and in heat transfer relation with a heat source. The valve may be connected to the first, second and third conduits and may be movable between first and second positions. The first position may allow fluid communication between the first and third conduits and restrict communication between the first and second conduits. The second position may allow fluid communication between the first and second conduits and restrict fluid communication between the first and third conduits.