Abstract: There are provided crystalline chromosilicates, their methods of preparation, and process uses. A first crystalline chromosilicate comprises a molecular sieve material providing a specific X-ray diffraction pattern and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2 [WR.sub.2 O+(1-W)M.sub.2/n O]: Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 : YSiO.sub.2 : ZH.sub.2 O,wherein R is an alkylammonium cation, M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is a value within the range of about 4 to about 500, Z is a value within the range of about 0 to about 160, and W is a value that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. A second crystalline chromosilicate comprises a molecular sieve material providing a specific X-ray diffraction pattern and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O: Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 : YSiO.sub.2 : ZH.sub.

Abstract: A new porous zeolite, a method of making same and the use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The new product has a composition, expressed in terms of moles of anhydrous oxides per 100 moles of silica as follows:(0-2.5)M.sub.2 /nO: (0-2.5)Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : (100)SiO.sub.2wherein M is at least one cation having a valence n and wherein the zeolite is characterized by the distinctive X-ray powder diffraction pattern as shown in Table 1 herein. The new zeolite is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising a source of silica, a source of organic compounds of Group VB, alkali metal cations, water and with or without a source of alumina.

Abstract: A method of preparing zeolite ZSM-5 type crystals and mixtures thereof which comprises crystallizing the substantially pure zeolite material from a silica and, optionally, alumina gel mixture in the presence of an alkylammonium-N-oxide cation, and the products produced thereby.

Abstract: In a hydrometallurgical treatment for eliminating one or more metal impurities from a solution containing a metal to be extracted and said metal impurities, a silicate is added to the solution forming in situ dissolved silicic acid and precipitating the metal impurities at a pH of between 1.5 and 4.5 to form a solid silicate residue.

Abstract: A new crystalline borosilicate comprises a molecular sieve material having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 Owherein M is at least one cation, n is the valence of the cation, Y is a value within the range of 4 to about 600, and Z is a value within the range of 0 to about 160, and providing a specific X-ray diffraction pattern. The borosilicate is used to catalyze various processes, such as isomerization, disproportionation, and transalkylation.

Abstract: A new catalytic composition and its method of preparation are presented. The catalytic composition comprises a crystalline borosilicate and a porous refractory inorganic oxide, said borosilicate and said inorganic oxide having been intimately admixed with one another, said borosilicate comprising a molecular sieve material having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O,wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is between 4 and about 600, and Z is between 0 and about 160.The catalytic composition can be used for the conversion of hydrocarbon streams, e.g., the isomerization of xylene feedstocks.

Abstract: A non-aqueous gel of at least two metal oxides which is a precursor for glassy amorphous or crystalline mixed oxides is produced by reacting an alkoxide of one metal and a halide of another metal producing a low molecular weight polymeric reaction product, heating the reaction product to produce a polymeric product of substantially higher molecular weight, and heating the higher molecular weight polymeric product in air to remove its carbonaceous content.

Abstract: A new and useful method for preparing synthetic zeolite ZSM-39 is provided. This new method comprises synthesizing zeolite ZSM-39 in the presence of pyrrolidine as a template rather than the template of a tetraethylammonium cation or n-propylamine.

Abstract: The binder demand of particulate inorganic filler is reduced without essentially altering the filler's surface area by subjecting the filler alone to intense rotary impact agitation at a peripheral speed of from about 20 to 60 meters per second. Compositions comprising a binder together with a filler prepared by this method include those in which the binder comprises alkyd resin, especially an unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin or linseed oil and the filler comprises ground limestone, talc or hydrated alumina.

Abstract: X-rays or .gamma.-rays are detected by irradiating a beam of high energy radiation onto a crystalline bismuth oxide compound having the formula Bi.sub.10-14 X.sub.1 O.sub.n wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Ge, Si and Ti and n is a numeral substantially equal to the stoichiometric amount of oxygen within the compound. The above bismuth oxide crystalline compound may be placed in a radiation dosimeter or be applied as a radiation-sensitive coating on a cylinder or plate of an apparatus for producing electrostatic copies (i.e., an in a xerographic process or the like). This is a division of application Ser. No. 837,197, filed Sept. 28, 1977.

Abstract: A method of producing silica compositions from hydrogels in which the hydrogel is washed in a first water-soluble organic liquid to remove a principal portion of the water. The washed composition is then washed in at least one second water-soluble organic liquid and the second organic liquid is removed from the composition by venting the second organic liquid from the composition at a temperature above the critical temperature of the second organic liquid to produce a silica composition.

Abstract: Novel crystalline silicates which in dehydrated form have the composition in terms of moles of the oxides: (1.0.+-.0.3)(R).sub.2/n O.[aFe.sub.2 O.sub.3.bAl.sub.2 O.sub.3.cGa.sub.2 O.sub.3.y(dSiO.sub.2.eGeO.sub.2)], wherein R is one or more mono- or bivalent cations and a, b, c, d, e, y and n are as defined hereinafter are disclosed. The thermally stable silicates are suitably employed as extracting agents, drying agents, ion exchange agents, catalysts and catalyst carriers.

Abstract: A process for removing, by absorption, sulfur dioxide from a gaseous mixture such as a flue gas by scrubbing said mixture with an aqueous scrubbing liquor to which a solution of an alkaline reagent such as sodium carbonate is added to maintain alkalinity of the scrubbing liquor. The solution also has dissolved in it a quantity of silica which tends to precipitate when solution is added to the scrubbing liquor. The silica precipitated in this manner tends to form extremely hard solid deposits in the scrubbing device and associated equipment. If a water soluble acid salt such as ferrous or ferric sulfate is added to the alkaline reagent solution prior to its use in the process, the precipitate formed has a minimum deleterious effect.

Abstract: A process for removing, by absorption, sulfur dioxide from a gaseous mixture such as a flue gas by scrubbing said mixture with an aqueous scrubbing liquor to which a solution of an alkaline reagent such as sodium carbonate is added to maintain alkalinity of the scrubbing liquor. The solution also has dissolved in it a quantity of silica which tends to precipitate when solution is added to the scrubbing liquor. The silica precipitated in this manner tends to form extremely hard solid deposits in the scrubbing device and associated equipment. If a finely divided solid material such as fly ash or solid material obtained from said scrubbing liquor is added to the alkaline reagent solution prior to its use in the process, the silica forms an agglomeration with the finely divided solid material upon the addition of the alkaline reagent solution to the scrubbing liquor rather than forming the deposits in the scrubbing device and associated equipment.

Abstract: A polymeric silicate material having a substantially fibre- or flake-like microstructure is manufactured from a starting material comprising mainly natural or synthetic silicate mineral e.g., Olivine and/or Granate (garnet), having a hardness exceeding the value 6 on the Moh's hardness scale and which are compound(s) having the general formulae:2(R.sup.I O).multidot.SiO.sub.2wherein R.sup.I may be the same or different and is Mg and/or Fe; and3(R.sup.II O).multidot.R.sub.2.sup.III O.sub.3 .multidot.3 SiO.sub.2wherein R.sup.II may be the same or different and is Mg, Fe and/or Ca; and R.sup.III is Al or Fe, by finely dividing said material to a specific surface area of at least 15,000 cm.sup.2 /cm.sup.3, measured according to Blaine, and subsequently hydrothermally treating the resultant powderous starting material at a temperature of approximately 175.degree.-325.degree. C. and a pH of at least 9 in the presence of water or condensed steam.

Abstract: A new crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite product is provided having a structure intermediate that of ZSM-5 and ZSM-11, having a characterizing X-ray diffraction pattern and having a unit cell parameter of at least about 40 Angstroms. There is also provided a method for synthesizing the new zeolite and a process for using the same as a catalyst in effecting conversion of organic compounds.

Abstract: Novel crystalline silicates which in dehydrated form having the composition in terms of moles of the oxides: (1.0.+-.0.3) (R).sub.2/n O. [a Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3. b Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. c Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3. y(dSiO.sub.2. eGeO.sub.2)], wherein R is one or more mono- or bivalent cations and a, b, c, d, e, y and n are as defined hereinafter are disclosed. The thermally stable silicates are suitably employed as extracting agents, drying agents, ion exhange agents, catalysts and catalyst carriers.

Abstract: Salts and acids containing a triheteropolyanion in which one addenda atom of a heterododecatungstate or heterododecamolybdate is replaced by one tin atom or by two germanium atoms, in which the tin atom or the germanium atoms are bonded to a ligated transition metal, have outstanding utility as catalysts for the oligomerization of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol, and for the isomerization of 1-butene, and for the dehydration of 2-butanol and subsequent isomerization of the 1-butene formed.

Abstract: Method of growing single crystal of bismuth silicon oxide from a melt of Bi.sub.x Si O.sub.1.5x+2, in an oxygen containing atmosphere. At the start of crystallization, x has a value of 11.55 to 11.82 or 12.35 to 14.00. The value of x does not have a spread of more than 0.025 throughout the crystal.

Abstract: Fast lithium-ion conductors are provided having low resistivities and low-activation-energy mobilities at temperatures at which lithium salts are molten. The novel compounds promote lithium-ion transport in a three dimensional framework and have the general formula:Li.sub.16-2x D.sub.x (TO).sub.4).sub.4wherein D is a divalent cation such as Mg.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+ or mixtures thereof, T is a tetravalent cation such as si.sup.4+, Ge.sup.4+ or mixtures thereof and x is a number greater than zero and less than 4.

Abstract: Dielectrics without any residual magnetization, produced by the technique of ceramics sintered at high temperatures, usable in devices operating at very high frequencies, such as X band. They are obtained by sintering at lower temperatures than for known dielectrics suitable for those applications and correspond to two possible general formulae:Y.sub.3-x-z Ca.sub.x+z Zr.sub.x Fe.sub.5-x-y-z Al.sub.y Me.sub.z O.sub.12where:Me= Ge, Si or Ti;x is of the order of 20.ltoreq. y.ltoreq. 20.ltoreq. z.ltoreq. 1And (1+ Y)Li.sub. 2 O; 2xZnO; (2x+ 4y)TiO.sub.2 with: 1- 0.4x- 0.6y= 0.

Abstract: Method for producing small hollow spheres of glass, metal or plastic, wherein the sphere material is mixed with or contains as part of the composition a blowing agent which decomposes at high temperature (T .gtorsim. 600.degree. C). As the temperature is quickly raised, the blowing agent decomposes and the resulting gas expands from within, thus forming a hollow sphere of controllable thickness. The thus produced hollow spheres (20 to 10.sup.3 .mu.m) have a variety of application, and are particularly useful in the fabrication of targets for laser implosion such as neutron sources, laser fusion physics studies, and laser initiated fusion power plants.

Abstract: Phenol compounds and fine granular silica will chemically react to produce phenol silicate compounds when heated in an aqueous solution with a suitable alkali catalyst. The phenol silicate compounds are then reacted with an aldehyde, epoxy and polyisocyanate compounds to produce resinous products.

Abstract: Fast lithium-ion conductors are provided having low resistivities and low-activation-energy mobilities at temperatures at which lithium salts are molten. The novel compounds promote lithium-ion transport in a three dimensional framework and have the general formula:Li.sub.16-2x D.sub.x (TO).sub.4).sub.4wherein D is a divalent cation such as Mg.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+ or mixtures thereof, T is a tetravalent cation such as Si.sup.4+, Ge.sup.4+ or mixtures thereof and x is a number greater than 0 and less than 4.

Abstract: Phenol compounds and silicoformic acid will chemically react to produce a phenol silicoformate when heated with a suitable alkali catalyst. The phenol silicoformate compounds are then chemically reacted with an aldehyde to form a condensation product.

Abstract: A mixture containing silicoformic acid and hydrated silica and epoxy compounds are reacted to produce epoxy silicoformate and silicate compounds and polymers, when mixed together in the presence of a suitable catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrous magnesium silicates having a crystal structure similar to that of natural hectorite may be produced by a precipitation process in which silica is precipitated into a preformed aqueous suspension of a water insoluble magnesium compound. The process may be operated at high concentration and the products may have good dispersibility in aqueous media and high optical clarity when dispersed as well as the good rheological properties which may be obtained by prior precipitation processes.

Abstract: A process for removing fluorine from phosphoric acid solutions comprising combining relatively dilute (e.g. 28% P.sub.2 O.sub.5) fluorine-containing phosphoric acid with up to about 2% colloidal silica, heating said slurry to a temperature of about 190.degree. F under reduced pressure in phosphoric acid concentrators and removing silicon tetrafluoride in a vapor stream. The liquid stream is concentrated (50% to 54% P.sub.2 O.sub.5) phosphoric acid having a fluorine content of less than about 0.5%. The gaseous silicon tetrafluoride which also contains water vapor is alternatively scrubbed with a solution of ammonium bifluoride to convert said silicon tetrafluoride to fluosilicic acid and ammonium fluosilicate or with a solution of ammonium fluoride to convert said silicon tetrafluoride to ammonium fluosilicate.

Abstract: A high quality olivine foundry sand is produced from olivine-containing rock by wet differential attrition grinding followed by a size separation to remove finely-divided gangue materials. The olivine sand product displays rounded grains, has a low impurity content and produces castings having superior surface quality.

Abstract: Silicic acid and epoxy compounds are reacted to produce epoxy silicate compounds, and polymers, when mixed together in the presence of a suitable catalyst.

Abstract: Processing of pearlite by treating the same with an alkaline solution having a concentration of 40-140 g/l taken in an amount which brings the ratio of the liquid and solid phases to (0.7-1.5) : 1 and then separating by filtration the water glass, obtained in the process of heat treatment, from the residue formed.

Abstract: Lead germanate, Pb.sub.5 Ge.sub.3 O.sub.11, or lead germanate/silicate in which up to 2/3 on a molar basis of the germanium has been substituted with silicon, can be formed from a glassy state to a ferroelectric state by a simple annealing process. The lead germanate or lead germanate/silicate is heated to a temperature sufficient to anneal it into a crystalline phase, then cooled below the ferroelectric transition temperature for the composition while an electric field is applied.

Abstract: Porous silicic acid having a specific surface of about 50 to 1000 m.sup.2 /g and having an anion content below the chemically determinable limit of detection is made by hydrolyzing methyl or ethyl silicate or polymethyl or polyethyl silicate with about 70 to 120% of the stoichiometric amount of water with moderate stirring.Hydrolysis activators such as acids or bases may be present as well as alcoholates of oxides of transition metals which then appear in the end product. Alcohol may also be present to facilitate hydrolysis.The products are characterized by marked purity and their specific surface can be closely and reproducibly controlled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of crystallized wollastonite from a natural material having a high content of calcium carbonate and silica.According to the invention, silica or calcium carbonate are added to the natural material so that the mixture has a silica/carbonate content which varies less than 10% from the value of the stoichiometric ratio, the silica being introduced preferably in the form of crystallized silica having a large surface area, for example, kieselguhr. Crystallized CaSiO.sub.3 is obtained between 1000.degree.C and 1100.degree.C and high-temperature wollastonite, preferably between 1100.degree. and 1200.degree.C, according to the reaction: ##EQU1## The present invention may be used to produce wollastonite intended in particular for use in road surfaces and for the charging materials required in the rubber and plastics industry.

Abstract: Hydrous magnesium silicates having a crystal structure similar to that of natural hectorite may be prepared utilising as starting material a novel intermediate which may be prepared from talc. The novel intermediate, "mesotalc" is the product obtained by heating a mixture of talc and sodium carbonate so as to modify the talc structure while controlling the heating to avoid destroying it.The "mesotalc" may be utilised in the production of hydrous magnesium silicates by forming an aqueous suspension containing the constituents of the hydrous magnesium silicate at least a part of the magnesium and silicon content being provided by "mesotalc" and hydrothermally treating the suspension until crystal growth occurs. The resulting crystalline product generally has rheological properties better than those of natural hectorite and may be used as a basis for organophilic derivatives.

Abstract: Heteropoly acids of tungsten and molybdenum, such as tungstosilicic acid and molybdosilicic acid, are produced by first preparing an aqueous solution of an alkali metal tungstate or molybdate and an alkali metal salt of the hetero atom, and then removing the alkali metal cations from the solution by means of a cation exchange membrane under the influence of an applied electrical potential, whereby the reactive tungstate or molybdate and hetero species anions react to form the desired heteropoly acid.

Abstract: A crystalline metal organosilicate having the composition, in its anhydrous state, as follows:0.9 .+-. 0.2 [xR.sub.2 O + (1-x) M.sub.2/n O]: <.005 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :>1SiO.sub.2where M is a metal, other than a metal of Group IIIA, n is the valence of said metal, R is an alkyl ammonium radical and x is a number greater than 0 but not exceeding 1, said organosilicate being characterized by a specified X-ray diffraction pattern. Said organosilicate is prepared by digesting a reaction mixture comprising (R.sub.4 N).sub.2 O, sodium oxide, an oxide of a metal other than a metal of group IIIA, an oxide of silicon and water. The crystalline organosilicates are useful as adsorbents and in their catalytically active form as catalysts for organic compound conversion.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sol of ultra-fine particles of synthetic hectorite prepared by swelling and cleaving Li-hectorite having a formula of Li.sub.1/3 Mg.sub.2-2/3 Li.sub.1/3 (Si.sub.4 O.sub.10)F.sub.2 or Na-hectorite having a formula of Na.sub.1/3 Mg.sub.2-2/3 Li.sub.1/3 (Si.sub.4 O.sub.10)F.sub.2 in water or an organic solvent.This invention further relates to a sol of the above hectorite in which Li or Na ions co-ordinated between lattice layers of the hectorite are ion-exchanged with non-hydratable cations.This invention still further relates to a product prepared by using the above sol.

Abstract: A crystalline metal organosilicate having the composition, in its anhydrous state, as follows:0.9.+-.0.2[xR.sub.2 O+(1-x)M.sub.2/n O]:<0.005 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :>1SiO.sub.2where M is a metal, other than a metal of Group IIIA, n is the valence of said metal, R is an alkyl ammonium radical and x is a number greater than 0 but not exceeding 1, said organosilicate being characterized by a specified X-ray diffraction pattern. Said organosilicate is prepared by digesting a reaction mixture comprising (R.sub.4 N).sub.2 O, sodium oxide, an oxide of a metal other than a metal of group IIIA, an oxide of silicon and water. The crystalline organosilicates are useful as adsorbents and in their catalytically active form as catalysts for organic compound conversion.