Abstract: A structural ceramic material comprising single phase polycrystalline cubic aluminum oxynitride preferably with at least 97% of theoretical density which displays transparency and isotropic optical, thermal and electrical properties, an infrared cutoff at about 5.2 microns wavelength, and which shows no chemical or physical property change after heating in air (atmosphere) at 1100.degree. C.

Abstract: Ammonium nitrite is commercially produced by contacting a gaseous stream containing nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen with an aqueous solution containing a basically reacting ammonium compound in an absorption system. However, at normal production rates, serious problems have been encountered because of relatively low yield of ammonium nitrite and the emission of unreacted nitric oxide which causes pollution of the atmosphere. It has now been found that in situ generation of nitrogen dioxide in the absorption system by operating the absorption system under slight pressure greatly improves ammonium nitrite yield, reduces nitrogen oxide emission, reduces loss of ammonia as nitrogen and minimizes mist formation in the vent gas.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of preparing an inorganic-alkali metal salt of the formula:ZYwherein Z is an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of lithium and sodium, and wherein Y is an inorganic radical selected from the group consisting of SCN, CN, CNS, OCN, Br, I, Cl, NO.sub.2, NO.sub.3, ClO.sub.4, ReO.sub.4, and CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3. The method involves the reaction of a nitrogen-containing compound of the formula:QHYwherein Q is selected from the group consisting of specified nitrogen-containing groups, and wherein H is hydrogen and Y is as defined above, with an alkali metal compound of the formula:ZXwherein Z is defined above and wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, specified nitrogen-containing radicals, and specified organic radicals. The reaction is carried out in ether solvent. In a preferred embodiment, Q is NH.sub.3 and X is hydrogen.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of calcium nitrite having high purity and high concentration is obtained by contacting a nitrogen oxides containing gas with an aqueous slurry of calcium hydroxide.It is necessary to use the aqueous slurry having high calcium hydroxide content such as 20 to 40 wt. %, whereby it is necessary to feed the gas having high nitrogen oxides concentration such as 5 to 10 vol. % to give high conversion to calcium nitrite. In order to prevent a formation of a by-product of calcium nitrate, a nitrogen oxides containing gas having 5 to 10 vol. % of a nitrogen oxides concentration and 1.2 to 1.5 of a molar ratio of NO/NO.sub.2 is fed as a first stage and then, the unabsorbed gas is oxidized and the resulting gas having 1 to 3 vol. % of a nitrogen oxides concentration and 1.2 to 1.5 of molar ratio of NO/NO.sub.2 is fed to the aqueous slurry having 3 to 10 wt.

Abstract: The alkali metal salts of imidobis sulfuric acid, particularly the trisodium salt, is effective in heavy duty laundry detergent compositions by reducing the damaging effects of chlorine-containing bleaches on the fabric while minimizing the loss in effectiveness of the bleach in removing stains from the soiled fabric. Accordingly, a detergent composition is provided which comprises, based on the total weight of the composition, at least 5 percent by weight of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic and amphoteric surfactants, at least 5 percent by weight of a builder, and a bleach-damage mitigating amount of trisodium imidobis sulfate, tripotassium imidobis sulfate or mixtures thereof. A process for washing soiled fabrics is also provided comprising contacting the fabrics with a detergent, a chlorine-containing bleach, and a bleach-damage mitigating amount of the alkali metal imidobis sulfate.

Abstract: Builder for detergent containing imidobissulfates.

Abstract: Gaseous mixtures containing nitrogen oxides are contacted with an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfite, trisodium imidobissulfate and sodium sulfate while adjusting the pH thereof by sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, and sulfur dioxide is contacted therewith simultaneously or thereafter to produce therein disodium imidobissulfate and sodium hydrogensulfate, and then sodium hydroxide is added therein to deposit sodium sulfate 10 hydrate firstly and trisodium imidobissulfate 1 hydrate secondly, and thereafter the mother liquor is recycled as the absorption medium for nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: Diammonium hydrazinium tetraperchlorate is made by reacting an ammonium compound and a hydrazinium compound preferably in a 2:1 molar ratio with perchloric acid using aqueous perchloric acid containing about 60% to 70% by weight of the acid as a reaction medium. The diammonium hydrazinium tetraperchlorate crystallizes from the solution and may be recovered therefrom by filtration, decantation or centrifuging. The tetraperchlorate formed is useful as the oxidizer component of solid rocket propellants, pyrotechnic compositions and gas generators.

Abstract: Ammonium nitrite is commercially produced by contacting a gaseous stream containing nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen with an aqueous solution containing a basically reacting ammonium compound in an absorption system. However, at normal production rates, serious problems have been encountered because of the emission of unreacted nitric oxide which causes pollution of the atmosphere. It has now been found that by adding controlled supplemental quantities of nitrogen dioxide to the absorption system, nitrogen oxide emission is substantially reduced.

Abstract: Nitrites having minimum amounts of the corresponding nitrates are produced by rapidly quenching a gaseous mixture of nitrogen oxides to a temperature less than 120.degree. C. by dispersing the gas into intimate contact with and under the surface of an aqueous solution of a base, for example sodium hydroxide, which solution is maintained at a temperature in the range 30.degree.-120.degree. C., and thereafter continuing absorption of the gas into the base until at least 90% of the nitrogen oxides originally present are removed from the gaseous mixture. The gaseous mixture is maintained above its dew point until the aforesaid dispersion is effected, and a coating of the aqueous solution, preferably in the form of a foam, is maintained on the cold walls to minimize condensation of water and consequent nitrate formation.

Abstract: Novel metal nitrito compounds are provided having at least one nitrito group covalently bonded to at least one metal atom and characterized by being capable of reversibly forming additional compounds with molecular oxygen. The metal nitrito compounds are of general interest for carrying out chemical reactions.

Abstract: According to the present invention, sodium nitrite is recovered from an aqueous solution containing dissolved sodium nitrite and sodium chloride by a process which comprises subjecting said solution to crystallization in a first crystallization zone under conditions sufficient to effect crystallization of sodium chloride, including operating at temperatures of from about 110.degree. to 130.degree.C, to produce a first slurry containing sodium chloride crystals; separating said crystals from said first slurry to produce a solution containing dissolved sodium nitrite; subjecting said sodium nitrite solution to crystallization in a second crystallization zone under conditions sufficient to effect crystallization of sodium nitrite from said solution, including operating at temperatures of from about 10.degree. to 60.degree.C, to form a second slurry containing sodium nitrite crystals; and recovering said sodium nitrite crystals from said second slurry.

Abstract: An improved process for producing ammonium nitrite in high yield which comprises contacting a gaseous stream containing nitric oxide and oxygen with an aqueous solution containing a basically reacting ammonium compound in the presence of free carbon dioxide.