Abstract: A process of making high-temperature Tl-based superconductors. The process includes the steps of reacting solid Ba-Ca-Cu-oxides with Tl.sub.2 O.sub.3 vapor. The process allows high quality Tl-based superconductors to be easily fabricated.

Abstract: A new high temperature superconductor with transition temperature above 120 K. is disclosed. The superconductor in a preferrred embodiment comprises TlRBaCuO wherein R is chosen from Group 2A elements excluding Ba. In another preferred embodiment, the superconductor comprises TlSrCuO. Processes for making high temperature superconductors are also disclosed.

Abstract: An indium oxide powder or indium oxide/tin oxide powder having an average primary particle diameter of 1 to 0.01 .mu.m, a BET surface area of 15 to 50 m.sup.2 /g, and a specific surface area of 2 to 5 m.sup.2 /g as determined from the particle diameter distribution. The mixed powder is prepared by coprecipitating an indium- and tin-containing salt from a solution containing indium and tin, calcining the salt, and pulverizing the calcined product using a specific vibrating pulverizer. A sintered body, prepared by sintering the indium oxide/tin oxide powder, has a density of at least 5.3 g/cm.sup.3, a specific resistance of 2.times.10.sup.-3 to 2.times.10.sup.-4 .OMEGA.-cm, and an average grain diameter of 5 to 15 .mu.m.

Abstract: Ceramic precursor mixtures containing a metal cation, a carbohydrate, and an anion capable of participating in an anionic oxidation-reduction reaction with the carbohydrate for continuous or batchwise drying and pyrolyzing to provide ceramic powders.

Abstract: A high temperature superconductor system is provided having the following formula: M-A-B-C-D-E, wherein, M is a metallic element, A is an element in Group 3A, B is an element in Group 2A, C is another element in Group 2A, D is an element in Group 1B, and E is an element in Group 6A. In an embodiment, the high temperature superconductor has the following formula: R-Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (wherein R is chosen from the group consisting of La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y). Processes for making these high temperature superconductors are also disclosed.

Abstract: Improved process for making Tl-Ca-Ba-CuO superconductors. A solution of the monocarboxylates (e.g., acetates) of Ca, Ba, and Cu is dried, calcined, mixed with Tl.sub.2 O.sub.3, and the mixture is heated to make a superconductor. The method minimizes introduction of contaminants. Novel compositions result.

Abstract: Compositions having the nominal formulaTl.sub.e Pb.sub.a Ca.sub.b Sr.sub.c Cu.sub.d O.sub.xwherein a is from about 1/10 to 3/2,b is from about 1 to 4,c is from about 1 to 3d is from about 1 to 5e is from about 3/10 to 1x=(a+b+c+d+e+y) where y is from about 1/2 to 3,are superconducting. Processes for manufacturing such compositions and for using them are disclosed.

Abstract: A process of making high temperature Tl-based superconductors is disclosed. The process includes the steps of reacting solid Ba-Ca-Cu-oxides with Tl.sub.2 O.sub.3 vapor. The process allows high quality Tl-based superconductors to be easily fabricated.

Abstract: A high temperature superconducting system has the general composition Tl-R-X-Y, wherein: R is a Group 2A element; X is a Group 1B element; and Y is a Group 6A element. Preferably, the composition has the following formula Tl-Ba-Cu-O. The high temperature superconductor of the present invention has a transition temperature of about 90 K with the probability of one phase superconducting at a temperature perhaps as high as 270 K. Processes for making the high temperature superconductor are also provided.

Abstract: Stable, bulk electrical superconductors are prepared by heating mixed metal oxides in the presence of oxygen in a closed vessel in a preheated oven for 1-5 hours at 850.degree.-900.degree. C. The final oxides are in the molar ratio Ti.sub.0.6-1.1 Ca.sub.2-3 Ba.sub.0.75-1.25 Cu.sub.2-3 O.sub.(5+.delta.)-(9+.delta.), where .delta. is less than one.

Abstract: Zeolite catalysts containing gallium, the gallium is primarily present in the framework of the catalyst and the catalyst contains little or no non-framework gallium; and methods for producing such catalysts by varying the reaction molar ratios of SiO.sub.2 /Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; and the use of such catalysts to produce high octane aromatics.

Abstract: A new high temperature superconductor with transition temperature above 120 K is disclosed. The superconductor in a preferred embodiment comprises T1RBaCuO wherein R is chosen from Group 2A elements excluding Ba. In another preferred embodiment, the superconductor comprises T1SrCuO. Processes for making high temperature superconductors are also disclosed.

Abstract: Gallium-containing waste is chlorinated in the presence of gallium trichloride from the beginning. By this procedure, gallium is more efficiently chlorinated and gallium trichloride is more easily separated from other chlorides and recovered.

Abstract: Transparent conductive coatings excellent in transparency are provided on substrates such as glass, plastics, etc. by the use of conductive coating materials obtained by maintaining aqueous solutions of hydrolyzable tin containing or indium containing compounds at pH of 8-12, and gradually hydrolyzing said compounds in the solutions to form sols containing colloidal particles, followed by drying and calcining.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the erionite-type structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 O:zN.sub.2 O:tQ .sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium, N is an alkali metal other than M, preferably potassium, Q is a cation derived from the templating agent used in synthesizing the galliosilicate molecualr sieve, preferably a choline cation, x equals 5.5 to 30, y equals 0.1 to 0.9, z equals 0.1 to 0.9, t equals 0.1 to 0.6 and y+z+t equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes, and most preferably hydrodewaxing, hydrocracking and isomerization processes.

Abstract: Compositions containing a crystalline phase of the formula Tl.sub.2 Ba.sub.2 CuO.sub.6+x wherein x is from 0 to 0.5. Processes for manufacturing such compositions and for using them are disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions having the nominal formulaTl.sub.e Pb.sub.a Ca.sub.b Sr.sub.c Cu.sub.d O.sub.xwhereina is from about 1/10 to 3/2,b is from about 1 to 4,c is from about 1 to 3d is from about 1 to 5e is from about 3/10 to 1x=(a+b+c+d+e+y)wherey is from about 1/2 to 3,are superconducting. Processes for manufacturing such compositions and for using them are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a crystalline silicophosphoaluminate is provided. The composition has ion-exchange properties and is readily convertible to catalytically active material. The synthesis method requires an organic phase, and an aqueous phase. The silicon, phosphorus and aluminum components of the silicophosphoaluminate may, optionally, be replaced with other elements in the plus 4, 5 and 3 valence states, respectively.

Abstract: A now superconducting material comprising a compound oxide represented by the general formula:(Ba, .gamma.)x(.alpha.,.beta.).sub.1-x .epsilon..sub.y Cu.sub.1-y O.sub.3-zin which".gamma." represents an element of IIa group of the periodic table except Ba, an atomic ratio of .gamma. to Ba being selected in a range between 1% and 90%,".alpha." represents Y or La,".beta." represents an element of IIIa group of the periodic but is different from .alpha., an atomic ratio of .beta. to .alpha. is selected in a range between 1% and 90%,".epsilon." represents a metal element of IIIb group of the periodic table,x, y and z are numbers each satisfies ranges of 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1, and 0.ltoreq.z<1 respectively, andthe expression of (Ba, .gamma.) and (.alpha.,.beta.) mean that the respective elements position predetermined sites in a crystal in a predetermined proportion.

Abstract: This invention relates to a synthetic porous zeolite, identified as ZSM-57, a method for its preparation. This crystalline material may have a ratio of XO.sub.2 :Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 of at least 4, wherein X represents silicon and/or germanium and Y represents aluminum, boron, chromium, iron and/or gallium. The silica/alumina form of this crystalline material has a silica to alumina ratio of at least 4 and may be prepared with directing agents which are N,N,N,N',N',N'-hexaethylpentane-diammonium compounds. The crystalline material exhibits a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern.

Abstract: Stable, bulk electrical superconductors are prepared by heating mixed metal oxides in the presence of oxygen in a closed vessel in a preheated oven for 1-5 hours at 850.degree.-900.degree. C. The final oxides are in the molar ratio Tol.sub.0.6-1.1 Ca.sub.2-3 Ba.sub.0.75-1.25 Cu.sub.2-3 O.sub.(5+.delta.)-(9+.delta.), where .delta. is less than one.

Abstract: A process is described for recovering gallium from a basic aqueous sodium aluminate solution by means of liquid-liquid extraction, in which process the aqueous sodium aluminate solution to be extracted is brought into contact with a water-insoluble extraction solution, comprising essentially a water-insoluble substituted hydroxyquinoline and a selected water-insoluble aldoxime as extractant, and a water-insoluble organic solvent for the extractant, the organic phase is separated off from the aqueous phase after bringing the two solutions into contact, and the gallium is recovered from the organic phase.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of a metal oxide is disclosed. In the process wherein a hydrolyzable organometallic compound is hydrolyzed by an alkaline hydrolyzing agent in an alkaline organic solvent, and thereafter, the metal oxide is formed by a condensation reaction of a metal hydroxide resulting from the hydrolysis of the organometallic compound, the improvement comprises feeding the organometallic compound and the hydrolyzing agent into the organic solvent so that a concentration of the hydrolyzed compound is initially above a critical level of supersaturation, and thereafter, is maintained in a range from above an upper limit of solubility to the critical level of super-saturation. According to the above process, the metal oxide can be obtained in the form of a powder material with a uniform particle size distribution.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-23 is prepared using an adamantane quaternary ammonium ion as a template.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovering gallium values contained in a basic aqueous solution by liquid/liquid extraction thereof. The liquid/liquid extraction process comprises contacting the basic aqueous solution with a water-immiscible, organic phase comprising a substituted hydroxyquinoline dissolved in an organic solvent therefor whereby gallium is extracted into the organic phase. Thereafter, the organic phase is separated from the basic aqueous phase and the gallium recovered from the separated organic phase. The improvement in process of the present invention comprises the organic phase further comprising dissolved therein an organic dioxime compound.

Abstract: New ferrierites are disclosed as well as their process of manufacture.According to the invention, these new ferrierites are characterized by:(a) The following approximate formula:M.sub.x/n (T.sup.III O.sub.2).sub.x (Si.sup.IV O.sub.2).sub.36-xwherein T.sup.III is at least one element selected from the group formed of boron (B.sup.III),aluminum (Al.sup.III),gallium (Ga.sup.III) and iron (Fe.sup.III)x ranges from 0.05 and 6.6M is a compensation cationn is the valence of M.(b) A particular X-ray diagram,(c) A fluorine content after synthesis ranging from about 0.01 to 1.6% by weight, and(d) A Si.sup.IV /T.sup.III molar ratio of at least 4.75.

Abstract: Ultra-fine spherical particles of a metal oxide having an average particle diameter of 40 nm or smaller can be prepared by a method in which a vaporizable metal compound is vaporized and decomposed under heating to give ultra-fine particles of a metal oxide followed by immediate cooling down to a temperature at which coalescence of the fine particles are prevented from coalescence. The fine particles have characteristics such as an excellent power of ultraviolet scattering.

Abstract: Zeolite EU-2 having a molar composition expressed by the formula:0.5 to 1.5 R.sub.2 O: Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 : at least 70 XO.sub.2 : 0 to 100 H.sub.2 Owherein R is a monovalent cation or 1/n of a cation of valency n, X is silicon and/or germanium, Y is one or more of aluminium, iron, gallium or boron, and H.sub.2 O is water of hydration additional to water notionally present when R is H, and having an X-ray pattern substantially as set out in Table 1 is prepared from a reaction mixture containing XO.sub.2 (preferably silica), Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 (preferably alumina) and a dicationic alkylated polymethylene diamine. The zeolite is useful in catalytic processes, especially for the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-24 is prepared using an adamantane quaternary ion as a template.

Abstract: A novel siliceous crystalline composition of matter further comprising one or more metals is prepared by admixing a basic silica salt and a dissolved metal salt in the presence of a quaternary ammonium ion and subsequently heating under pressurized conditions. This novel composition of matter is useful as a catalyst for oxidation, alkylation, disproportionation, synthesis gas conversion, hydrocracking, and hydrodewaxing.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-25 is prepared using an adamantane quaternary ammonium ion as a template.

Abstract: Alumina particles having average particle size of about 1-20 microns are converted to alpha alumina in a steam-fluidized bed maintained at about 380.degree.-600.degree. C. and a pressure greater than about 1000 psig. Acidifying the steam reduces average crystallite size of the product and lowers content of some impurities. A preferred product is alpha alumina having an average crystallite size of less than about 0.2 micron.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the faujasite structure is synthesized by mixing a hydrogel having the following oxide mole ratios of components:SiO.sub.2 /Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =6 to 15Na.sub.2 O/Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =1 to 5H.sub.2 O/Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =80 to 500with a clear galliosilicate solution having the following oxide mole ratios of components:SiO.sub.2 /Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =5 to 30Na.sub.2 O/Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =6 to 20H.sub.2 O/Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =200 to 800to form a mixture. The resultant mixture is then crystallized without stirring at a temperature below about 150.degree. C. to form the galliosilicate molecular sieve with the faujasite structure.

Abstract: A crystallization process employing microwave energy is described. The process is especially useful in the manufacture of porous crystalline materials.

Abstract: Gallium is recovered from gallium arsenide by reacting and dissolving the gallium arsenide with an oxidant and a complexing agent, especially with water insoluble hydroxamic acids with mild conditions, e.g. with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and mild temperature, to effect separation of gallium hydroxamic acid chelates from water soluble arsenic compounds.

Abstract: A process for the production of pure aluminum trihydroxide having a controlled median diameter of less than 4 microns with a unimodal distribution and a minimum deviation. The process comprises contacting, for a short time, sodium aluminate solution with a small quantity of ground aluminum trihydroxide having a specific BET surface area of at least 8 m.sup.2 /g, separating the sodium aluminate solution from the solid phase comprising ground aluminum trihydroxide and aluminum trihydroxide precipitate containing impurities, then decomposing the purified sodium aluminate solution in the presence of a quantity of pure ground aluminum trihydroxide from a preceding decomposition operation to precipitate a very pure aluminum trihydroxide having the specified median diameter.

Abstract: Beryllium is efficiently recovered from silicate ores in a hydrometallurgical, single solvent, process which avoids the complexities, high costs and hazards ofpyrolytic, fluorination and acid leach methods, by contacting the ore in a closed reactor at elevated temperature and autogenous pressure with a concentrated caustic solution and lime or lime hydrate to form a slurry containing dissolved beryllium, reducing the pressure to about one atmosphere and the temperature to below the boiling point of the caustic solution, separating by-product solids to leave a pregnant leach liquor, diluting and digesting the leach liquor to precipitate the beryllium and to leave a caustic mother liquor, and separating the beryllium. The caustic mother liquor can be recycled to the ore contacting step in a closed loop version of the process.

Abstract: Very small and uniform metal oxide particles are produced by a process including the steps of ejecting a metal vapor-containing gas into a metal-oxidizing region through a nozzle and ejecting a molecular oxygen-containing gas into the metal-oxidizing region through another nozzle in such a manner that the streams of the metal vapor-containing gas and the molecular oxygen-containing gas are smashed into each other to produce a turbulent flow diffusing flame in which the metal vapor is oxidized into very small and uniform metal oxide particles.

Abstract: The process of liquid-liquid extraction of gallium from sodium aluminate liquor used in the Bayer alumina process, uses an organic extractant comprising a diluent and a substituted hydroxyquinoline such that gallium and some aluminum are extracted into the organic phase.In five successive steps, the organic extractant solution loaded with gallium and aluminum is first contacted with an aqueous mineral acid solution, during which the acid solution strips the loaded solution of gallium and aluminum. Next, the phases are separated and a chloride salt or hydrochloric acid is dissolved in the acidic solution of gallium and aluminum which is then contacted with an organic solvent, e.g. n-butyl acetate. Aluminum remains in the aqueous acid solution whereas the organic solvent becomes loaded with gallium.After the phases have been separated, the organic solvent is separated from gallium chloride, which forms the feed for producing pure gallium.

Abstract: A method of removing oxygen and water vapor and other oxygen bearing gas species from reactant gases comprising the use of an appropriate solution containing an active gettering metal, selected from the group of aluminum, magnesium, calcium and lithium in liquid phase through a moderate temperature range, including room temperature and above as an oxygen gettering step, through the formation of an oxide of said metal wherein the said metal becomes continuously available for oxidation by exposing the said unreacted metal to the gas by bubbling the reactant gas through a ternary melt of gallium-indium and the said metal in a nonreactive container and maintaining in solid phase an excess of the active gettering method so that the capacity for removing the oxygen and water vapor and other oxygen bearing gas species may be extended by the active metal going into solution in the melt from the solid as the metal oxide is formed and goes out of solution.

Abstract: A process was developed to optimize the thallium (III) produced by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and thallium (I). In the optimized process, thallium (III) is removed from the reaction mixture during the oxidation reaction.

Abstract: A process was developed using hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation of thallium (I) to thallium (III) in a solvent at a pH of 9.0 or less. Any convenient solvent may be used, such as water, acetic acid, methanol, or a mixture of solvents. Optionally, a buffered solvent may be used.

Abstract: Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 are currently used for the fabrication of Gd.sub.3 Ga.sub.5 O.sub.12 (GGG) wafers which are employed as substrates for bubble domain memory devices. In the processing, in the order of 25% of the starting material ends up as process "saw kerf" contaminated with variable amounts of iron, nickel, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, iridium and silicon. A process is described whereby the "saw kerf" can be reprocessed in sufficient purity to be re-used in the process, thereby improving the economics of production of GGG wafers significantly. Gadolinium and gallium oxides are recovered and separated from transition metal impurities introduced during fabrication of GGG wafers. The process "saw kerf" produced from slicing the crystal boule is dissolved in HCl, treated with H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, and the resulting sulfates separated. Metathesis with (NH.sub.4).sub.2 C.sub.2 O.sub.4 results in conversion of the sulfates to the ammonium oxalates which were calcined at 850.degree. C.

Abstract: Gallium oxide, Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3, well adapted for the manufacture therefrom of garnets, luminophors, and the like, is prepared by (i) admixing, under stirring, a solution of a gallium salt with a base to convert said salt into gallium hydroxide, Ga(OH.sub.3 ; (ii) aging said gallium hydroxide reaction medium at elevated temperatures to effect precipitation therefrom of a gallium oxide/hydroxide fraction, GaO(OH); (iii) next filtering said gallium oxide/hydroxide fraction from said precipitation medium; (iv) drying and (v) calcining said filtered precipitate to convert same into said gallium oxide, Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3, with said oxide/hydroxide fraction (vi) being washed either before or after said filtration step (iii).

Abstract: A novel non-magnetic monocrystalline garnet substrate material in the form of calcium--gallium-germanium garnet. Single crystals of calcium-gallium-germanium garnet can be grown at mush lower temperatures by means of the Czocharalski method than single crystals of the conventional rare earth-gallium garnets. These single crystals are very suitable to epitaxially grow bubble domain films thereon, in particular films on the basis of Lu.sub.3 Fe.sub.5 O.sub.12.

Abstract: In case of the pyrogenous production of metal oxides or metalloid oxides, whenever a halogen compound is used as a starting material, an elementary halogen is formed as a byproduct. This may be converted in the cooling section of the reaction apparatus with hydrogen into hydrogen halide.For a better temperature control and prevention of uncontrolled deflagration of the hydrogen in case of the halogen detonating gas reaction, according to the invention the hydrogen is introduced into the cooling section by means of a double jacket pipe, whereby an inert gas is introduced additionally by way of the interstice between the inside wall and the outside jacket of the double jacket pipe into the cooling section.

Abstract: X-rays or .gamma.-rays are detected by irradiating a beam of high energy radiation onto a crystalline bismuth oxide compound having the formula Bi.sub.10-14 X.sub.1 O.sub.n wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Ge, Si and Ti and n is a numeral substantially equal to the stoichiometric amount of oxygen within the compound. The above bismuth oxide crystalline compound may be placed in a radiation dosimeter or be applied as a radiation-sensitive coating on a cylinder or plate of an apparatus for producing electrostatic copies (i.e., an in a xerographic process or the like). This is a division of application Ser. No. 837,197, filed Sept. 28, 1977.

Abstract: A process for treatment of aluminum chloride production offgas containing Cl.sub.2, CO, CO.sub.2, HCl, COCl.sub.2, COS, SO.sub.2, N.sub.2, SiCl.sub.4 and metal chlorides by reaction with water vapor in the presence of an alumina or low iron sand catalyst to convert SiCl.sub.4 and metal chlorides to the corresponding oxides and HCl; subsequent reaction of COCl.sub.2 with water vapor in the presence of an activated carbon catalyst to form CO.sub.2 and HCl; and removal of HCl by contacting the offgas with liquid water. Reaction with steam in the presence of alumina catalyst prior to reaction with steam in the presence of an activated carbon catalyst prolongs the useful life of the activated carbon catalyst and avoids the necessity of removing SiCl.sub.4 and metal chlorides from the offgas by adsorption onto dry activated carbon prior to contacting the activated carbon catalyst with offgas.

Abstract: An indium oxide (III) film produced by a method which comprises first forming a film of indium oxide (I) and subsequently oxidizing the film.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an oxide layer of semiconductor composition is disclosed.On the surface portion of semiconductor substrate, an oxide layer is formed by oxidizing it in heated water containing oxygen gas, such, for example, as ozone. One preferred method is to bubble the ozone through hot water which contains near saturated steam at the temperature of the water.