Abstract: Methods for preventing and treating microbial wound infections, especially of peritoneal cavity wounds including those having indwelling catheters, and enhancing wound repair while minimizing adhesions and scar formation involve the infusion or irrigation of the wound with a solution containing a pharmacologically acceptable carrier and chlorine dioxide in an amount ranging from about 5 ppm to 1000 ppm, and having a chlorine dioxide to chlorite ratio of at least 5:1. Typical solutions contain chlorine dioxide in isotonic saline and exhibit a pH of from about 5 to about 7.5. Sodium chlorite is employed in preferred embodiments.

Abstract: A microbiocidal solution for in vivo and in vitro treatment of microbial infections includes an electrolyzed saline containing regulated amounts of ozone and active chlorine species wherein the ozone content is between about 5 and 100 mg/L and the active chlorine species content of between about 5 and 300 ppm. The active chlorine species comprises free chlorine, hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite ion as measured by a chlorine selective electrode. The solution is prepared by subjecting a 1% or less saline to electrolysis under conditions sufficient to produce the desired active ingredients. The solution is preferably utilized at an isotonic saline concentration and may be adjusted with hypertonic saline. The solution may be used for the in vitro treatment of infected whole blood, blood cells or plasma to reduce contamination and is effective in treatment of fluids infected with HIV, hepatitis and other viral, bacterial and fungal agents.

Abstract: A stable solution, cream, salve, or spray composition containing activated stabilized chlorine dioxide and phosphates, such as disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, and sodium monofluorophosphate, is disclosed for the prevention and treatment of abnormal conditions of the epithelium of bodily orifices. Examples of such abnormal conditions of the epithelium of the rectal, vaginal, urethral, oral, nasal, ocular, and auditory canal orifices include bacterial infections, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and fungal infections, such as Candida, and leukoplakia. The preferred concentration ranges are between about 0.005%-2.0% chlorine dioxide, and between about 0.02%-3.0% phosphate. The phosphate compound retards escape of chlorine dioxide in the pH range of 6.0 to 7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery that the inclusion of effective amounts of an irritation reducing compound selected from the group consisting of allantoin, glycerine, aloe vera and mixtures, thereof, in a chlorine dioxide generating composition will substantially reduce skin irritation which is caused by chlorine dioxide exposure to the skin.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for sanitizing aqueous media, which combine a chlorine-source composition and a glycoluril-source composition. The compositions are added together or separately, continuously or periodically, and by any of a variety of methods. The glycoluril compound stabilizes the chlorine and prolongs its useful life as a microbicidal agent while additionally reducing the formation of chloramines, trihalomethanes and odors.

Abstract: Disinfecting compositions directed to the prevention of microbial infections are disclosed. The disinfecting compositions comprise a protic acid, a metal chlorite and a gelling agent which, when combined, provide an effective adherent matrix that acts as a disinfectant barrier for preventing transmission and propagation of microbial infections. The gelling agent includes at least 25% polyacrylamide. The compositions of this invention may be used as presurgical disinfectants or as antiseptics for wounds and injection, phlebotomy and catheter insertion sites.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for administering minerals to the human body by mixing pre-selected particulated minerals with graphite and coal tar to form a bar (10a), vaporizing the bar (10a) to form a mineral rich vapor, and directing the vapor to a patient's skin using an enclosure (30).

Abstract: An improved method for rapid disinfection of contact lenses in a convenient and reliable manner is disclosed in which a series of oxidation-reduction reactions are employed. Specifically, dichloroisocyanurate and potassium iodide react to form iodine species for disinfecting the contact lens. An amount of ascorbate is then added to neutralize the iodine species.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for sanitizing aqueous media, which combine a chlorine-source composition and a glycoluril-source composition. The compositions are added together or separately, continuously or periodically, and by any of a variety of methods. The glycoluril compound stabilizes the chlorine and prolongs its useful life as a microbicidal agent.

Abstract: Improved biocidal composition and method for controlling biofouling and microorganism population levels in recirculating water systems such as cooling towers, swimming pools or spas is disclosed and claimed. The composition comprises a hypochlorite donor and a bromide ion donor in proportions selected to maintain a mole ratio of the sum of all bromine containing species to the sum of all hypohalite species in the recirculating water of about 0.2 to about 20. The method comprises introducing into the recirculating water a mixture or combination of a hypochlorite donor and a bromide ion donor in an amount sufficient to maintain a ratio of the sum of all bromine containing species to the sum of all species in the recirculating water in the range of about 0.2 to about 20.

Abstract: A novel method and compositions are disclosed for the treatment of water in recirculating water systems. The method includes providing a boron level of at least 20 ppm in the water, continually eroding into the water a compressed sanitizer/algicide component including a halogen source material, a boron source material, and glycoluril, and periodically adding to the water an oxidizing clarifier comprising a chlorine source material, a non-halogen, chlorine source material, and a boron source material. The invention also provides novel water treatment chemicals including the compressed sanitizer/algicide component and the clarifier useful in the foregoing system. The system and compositions are safe and reliable, control algal and fungal growth and generally provide improved water quality for recirculating water systems.

Abstract: Disclosed are solid oxidizer compositions that provide either hypochlorous or hypobromous acid for disinfecting water systems comprising either of the following mixtures: (a) approximately 50-99.99% by weight of trichloro-s-triazinetrione and 0.01-50% by weight of glycolurils of the following structure: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sub.1 are members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl radicals of from 1-4 carbon atoms and phenyl, and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine and bromine and a, b, c, d and e are integers of from 0-1;and (b) approximately 50-99.99% by weight of trichloro-s-triazinetrione, 0.01-50% by weight of glycolurils of the above structure (a) and 0-20% by weight of an alkali bromide salt.

Abstract: A stable solution, cream, salve, or spray composition containing activated stabilized chlorine dioxide and phosphates, such as disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, and sodium monofluorophosphate, is disclosed for the prevention and treatment of abnormal conditions of the epithelium of bodily orifices. Examples of such abnormal conditions of the epithelium of the rectal, vaginal, urethral, oral, nasal, ocular, and auditory canal orifices include bacterial infections, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and fungal infections, such as Candida, and leukoplakia. The preferred concentration ranges are between about 0.005%-2.0% chlorine dioxide, and between about 0.02%-3.0% phosphate. The phosphate compound retards escape of chlorine dioxide in the pH range of 6.0 to 7.

Abstract: A novel method and compositions are disclosed for the treatment of water in recirculating water systems. The method includes providing a boron level of at least 20 ppm in the water, continually eroding into the water a compressed sanitizer/algicide component including a halogen source material, a boron source material, and glycoluril, and periodically adding to the water an oxidizing clarifier comprising a chlorine source material, a non-halogen, chlorine source material, and a boron source material. The invention also provides novel water treatment chemicals including the compressed sanitizer/algicide component and the clarifier useful in the foregoing system. The system and compositions are safe and reliable, control algal and fungal growth and generally provide improved water quality for recirculating water systems.

Abstract: Improved biocidal composition and method for controlling biofouling and microorganism population levels in recirculating water systems such as cooling towers, swimming pools or spas is disclosed and claimed. The composition comprises a hypochlorite donor and a bromide ion donor in proportions selected to maintain a mole ratio of the sum of all bromine containing species to the sum of all hypohalite species in the recirculating water of about 0.2 to about 20. The method comprises introducing into the recirculating water a mixture or combination of a hypochlorite donor and a bromide ion donor in an amount sufficient to maintain a ratio of the sum of all bromine containing species to the sum of all species in the recirculating water in the range of about 0.2 to about 20.

Abstract: An antifungal agent for the treatment of skin disease such as athlete's foot, ringworm and tinea caused by dermatophytes, eczema, tinea or various fungi, which comprises a 100 weight % of detergent solution including 0.01-40 weight % of sodium hypochlorite, 0.01-30 weight % of sodium sulfite, 0.01-40 weight % of sodium nitrite, 0.01-40 weight % of sodium chlorate, 0.01-40 weight % of potassium chlorate, 0.001-35 weight % of hydrogen peroxide, 0.01-40 weight % of ozone water, 0.01-40 weight % of sodium nitrite, 0.01-40 weight % of potassium nitrite, 0.001-1 weight % of nonionic surface active agent and 1-90 weight % of water.It is characterized in that trichophyton, eczema or various fungi in the dermis or deep layer are allured by oxygen contained in the antifungal agent to or near the surface of the skin for easy sterilization by oxidation, reduction, bleaching and fungicidal activity.A liquid agent is also efficacious for the treatment of a burn of the skin and of stiffness in the shoulders.

Abstract: A composition and method for the treatment of patulous Eustachian tube syndrome and atrophic rhinitis. The solution is comprised of hydrochloric acid, benzyl alcohol and chlorobutanol, which may be dissolved in propylene glycol, and a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier. The solution is topically applied to the nasal mucosa in appropriate dosage forms for administration intranasally in the form of drops, nasal spray or aerosol.

Abstract: Improved biocidal composition and method for controlling biofouling and microorganism population levels in recirculating water systems such as cooling towers, swimming pools or spas is disclosed and claimed. The composition comprises a hypochlorite donor and a bromide ion donor in proportions selected to maintain a mole ratio of the sum of all bromine containing species to the sum of all hypohalite species in the recirculating water of about 0.2 to about 20. The method comprises introducing into the recirculating water a mixture or combination of a hypochlorite donor and a bromide ion donor in an amount sufficient to maintain a ratio of the sum of all bromine containing species to the sum of all species in the recirculating water in the range of about 0.2 to about 20.

Abstract: An improved method for rapid disinfection of contact lenses in a convenient and reliable manner is disclosed in which a series of oxidation-reduction reactions are employed. Specifically, dicheoroisocyanurate and potassium iodide react to form iodine species for disinfecting the contact lens. An amount of ascorbate is then added to neutralize the iodine species.

Abstract: The growth of algae, fungi and pathogenic organisms in commercial and recreational waters, such as cooling towers, swimming pools and spas, may be controlled by adding to the water a primary sanitizing agent, preferably poly(hexamethylene biguanide) ("PHMB"), and a potentiating adjuvant comprising a calcium ion-chelating agent, preferably ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid ("EDTA"), in amounts such that the adjuvant renders the composition algicidal and fungicidal in water. The water may be further treated with a peroxy salt as a backup agent, preferably sodium perborate, or the calcium ion-chelating agent and peroxy salt may be combined as a shock treatment to water being treated with the primary sanitizing agent.

Abstract: An antifungal agent for the treatment of skin disease such as athlete's foot, ringworm and tinea caused by dermatophytes, eczema, tinea or various fungi, which comprises a 100 weight % of detergent solution including 0.01-40 weight % of sodium hypochlorite, 0.01-30 weight % of sodium sulfite, 0.01-40 weight % of sodium nitrite, 0.01-40 weight % of sodium chlorate, 0.01-40 weight % of potassium chlorate, 0.001-35 weight % of hydrogen peroxide, 0.01-40 weight % of ozone water, 0.01-40 weight % of sodium nitrite, 0.01-40 weight % of potassium nitrite, 0.001-1 weight % of nonionic surface active agent and 1-90 weight % of water.It is characterized in that trichophyton, eczema or various fungi in the dermis or deep layer are allured by oxygen contained in the antifungal agent to or near the surface of the skin for easy sterilization by oxidation, reduction, bleaching and fungicidal activity.A ligand agent is also efficacious for the treatment of a burn of the skin and of stiffness in the shoulder.

Abstract: Stabilized chlorine dioxide is a preservative for ophthalmic formulations. The stabilized chlorine dioxide, when employed as a preservative ophthalmic formulations is preferably present in an amount of from about 0.0002 or about 0.002 to about 0.02 weight/volume percent. The aqueous ophthalmic formulations, in addition to the stabilized chlorine dioxide and the water which functions as a vehicle for the formulations, contains an ophthalmically acceptable tonicity component effective to maintain the osmolality of the formulation at least about 200 mOsmol/kg, and a buffer to maintain the pH of the ophthalmic formulation within an acceptable physiological range. A method for preserving aqueous ophthalmic formulations utilizing stabilized chlorine dioxide is also set forth.

Abstract: A method for providing aqueous solutions of HOBr or HOCl which includes adding bleach (NaOCl) to a solution of HBr or HCl until an identified absorbance or color change in the resulting solution is detected. Dialkylhydantoins are optionally added to the resulting solution to suppress the formation of halate ions. The method provides a simple and reliable method for producing accurately defined solutions of hypohalous acids, which are useful in a variety of ways, including for disinfecting, cleaning, and odor control purposes.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the effect of a toxicant such as chlorine or potassium on bivalve molluscs such as zebra mussels. Application of serotonin or a serotonin agonist in low concentrations inhibits the mussels' ability to close their valves to protect themselves from the effect of any toxicants in the water. Thus administering serotonin or a serotonin agonist for a period of time, followed by administering a toxicant, substantially enhances the effect of the toxicant on the zebra mussels. Thus less of the toxicant need be administered to control zebra mussels. The concentration of serotonin needed to enhance toxicant control of exotic zebra mussels has been found to be at or below the threshold of serotonin activity on native bivalves, at least those native to the lower Mississippi River. Furthermore, serotonin is naturally degraded rapidly by aquatic microorganisms.

Abstract: A shape for chlorination and dechlorination tablets which reduces pillaring and wicking effects during fluid treatment and offers a consistent dissolution rate during the chlorination or dechlorination process. The opposing surfaces of the stacked tablets are formed by a combination of concave and convex shapes. The shape of the opposing surfaces prevents the formation of a central pillar, resulting in the formation of a side pillar instead. During the formation of the side pillar, the fluid contact surface area of the tablets gradually increases to compensate for the diminishing periphery of the tablets. As a result, the dissolution rate of the tablet is kept substantially constant over the course of tablet dissolution. The shape of the opposing surfaces of the stacked tablets also only provides for minimum contact between adjacent tablets, slowing the moisture diffusion speed and minimizing wicking effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a stabilized solution containing a halogen containing compound which is effective as a sterilizing or disinfecting agent, and a stabilizing agent which suppresses the chemical dissociation of the halogen compound such that the sterilizing capability of the solution is maintained for extended periods of time relative to the solution without the stabilizing agent. The halogen containing compound is selected from the group consisting of chlorine dioxide, bromine oxide, bromine chloride, monochloroamine, bromic acid, iodine monochloride, iodine trichloride and iodine monobromide. The stabilizing agent is a compound having at least one accessible sulphur containing group selected from the group consisting of cyclamic acid, dimethyl sulphoxide, glyoxyl sodium bisulphite, potassium sorbate, sodium cyclamate, sodium metabisulphite, sodium oxalate, sodium sulphite, sodium thiosulphate and thioacetamide.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for treating dermatologic diseases caused by microbial overgrowth or inflammation, such as psoriasis, fungal infections, eczema, dandruff, acne, genital herpes lesions, and leg ulcers. There is further disclosed an antiviral lubricating composition that is effective in preventing the transmission of the HIV virus and other sexually transmitted diseases. There is also disclosed systemic anti-inflammatory compositions and formulations and a method for reducing tissue inflammation in tissues such as the bowel, muscle, bone, tendon and joints (e.g., arthritis).

Abstract: Ferritin analogs comprising an apoferritin protein shell and a core substantially devoid of ferrihydrite, e.g. of inorganic composition such as aluminum hydroxide or organic composition such as acetaminophen. The protein shell can be removed from ferritin analog to produce spherules having a substantially monomodal nominal diameter between about 45 and 90 Angstroms.

Abstract: Compositions and methods to clean contact lenses are disclosed. In one embodiment, the present composition comprises at least at least one enzyme capable of removing debris from a contact lens and at least one disinfectant destroying component capable of destroying a contact lens disinfectant which is incompatible with the at least one enzyme. The composition is structured so that the at least one enzyme is released in a liquid medium containing the contact lens disinfectant at substantially the same time or after the at least one disinfectant destroying component is released in the liquid medium, thereby allowing the at least one enzyme to remove debris from a contact lens in the liquid medium.

Abstract: Methods for disinfecting a lens are disclosed. In one embodiment, the methods comprise contacting a lens, e.g., a contact lens, to be disinfected with a liquid medium containing stabilized chlorine dioxide and an activator component selected from chlorine dioxide reducing agents and mixtures thereof to effect formation of chlorine dioxide from the stabilized chlorine dioxide, thereby disinfecting the lens. Compositions and apparatus useful in the above-noted methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for disinfecting a lens is disclosed. The methods comprise contacting a lens to be disinfected in a liquid medium with at least one chlorine dioxide precursor in the presence of at least one activator component selected from organic acid anhydrides, oxygen-releasing components and mixtures thereof to effect formation of chlorine dioxide from the chlorine dioxide precursor, thereby disinfecting the lens. Compositions useful in the above-noted methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for generating chlorine dioxide which involves contacting a stable precursor with a transition metal in a buffered aqueous medium.

Abstract: Oral compositions, such as toothpastes, mouthwashes, lozenges and chewing gum, containing a chlorous acid liberating material and an agent which reduces stain are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method for disinfecting a lens is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a lens to be disinfected in a liquid medium with at least one chlorine dioxide precursor in the presence of at least one acidic component effective to increase the rate of formation of chlorine dioxide from the chlorine dioxide precursor, thereby disinfecting the lens; and adjusting the acidity of the liquid medium containing the disinfected lens. Compositions useful in the above-noted method are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stable solution of sodium hypochlorite which is useful as an antiseptic. The solution contains sodium hypochlorite in a quantity sufficient for 4 to 6 grams per liter of active chlorine, a pH regulator in a quantity sufficient to yield a pH greater than 10 and less than or equal to 10.5 and purified water in a quantity sufficient to yield 1 liter of solution.

Abstract: There is disclosed methods and compositions for preventing and treating bacterial infections, including mastitis, in the udder of a mammal. The compositions include chlorine dioxide in an amount ranging from 5 ppm to 1000 ppm, and have a chlorine dioxide to chlorite ratio of at least 5:1. Methods of the present invention include the infusion of the composition into the mammal's udder, and the formation of the compositions immediately prior to infusion.

Abstract: A method for signaling a lens user when the user's lenses are overworn. The lenses have applied a handling tint, and the lenses are disinfected in an oxidant solution. The amount of tint added to the lens is such that after soaking the lens for a predetermined period of time in the disinfectant solution, over the expected lifetime of the lens, a noticeable change in the appearance of the handling tint is observed. If the lens is intended to have a fixed lifetime, and the lens is intended to be soaked in a disinfectant solution on a regular basis and for a fixed period of time for the lens lifetime, the amount of the handling tint in the lens can be adjusted such that the handling tint is bleached out or changes color after the lens undergoes regular disinfection within the predetermined lens lifetime.

Abstract: A gel composition for cleaning and sanitizing the teats and udder of an agricultural animal for machine milking. Residual surface water, a source of milk contamination and mastitis, is eliminated from the teats and udder by use of the gel composition. The composition is constituted of water, a germicide added to the water in concentration sufficient to kill environmental bacteria which cause mastitis, and an aqueous gelling agent added to the water in concentration sufficient to form a palpable jelly-like mass, or gel. The composition preferably also includes a soap, detergent or other agent for the reduction of surface tension, and a skin softener and moisturizer. It preferably also contains a coloring agent. In application, the composition is applied to the teats and udder to soften and emulsify the particulate foreign matter, and kill the bacteria which cause environmental mastitis, without the separation therefrom of a separate liquid phase.

Abstract: A method to inactivate viruses or to disinfect blood products, for instance units of red blood cells, wherein a disinfectant or virus inactivating chemical is made isotonic or nearly isotonic, and wherein the red blood cells are exposed to isotonic disinfectant to inactivate any agent which may be present, for example HIV-1 virus which causes AIDS. The method may also be applied to plasma fractions and corneas.

Abstract: Zebra Mussels can be controlled by treating the waters in which they grow with a composition comprising the combination of a chlorine solution and a bromide salt capable of releasing bromide ions to the chlorine solution.

Abstract: A composition characterized in that it comprises one or more interhalogens or sources thereof and one or more acids or sources thereof which are not appreciably oxidized by the interhalogen(s) is disclosed.When diluted with water to in-use solution strength, such may be used in an ambient cleaning and/or disinfecting process in accordance with the present invention particularly for milk- or food-handling equipment.

Abstract: A stable mouth wash or dentifrice composition containing stabilized chlorine dioxide and phosphates is disclosed for reducing the motility of and killing microbial pathogens. The preferred concentration ranges are between about 0.005%-0.5% chlorine dioxide, and between about 0.02%-3.0% phosphate. The phosphate retards escape of chlorine dioxide in the pH range (6.0 to 7.4) typically found in a mouth.

Abstract: A method to inactivate viruses or to disinfect blood products, for instance units of red blood cells, wherein a disinfectant or virus inactivating chemical is made isotonic or nearly isotonic, and wherein the red blood cells are exposed to isotonic disinfectant to inactivate any agent which may be present, for example HIV-1 virus which causes AIDS. The method may also be applied to plasma fractions and corneas.

Abstract: A method for cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing hemodialysis apparatus consisting in mixing a basic composition comprising the chlorite ion with an acid composition comprising lactic acid in a mass ratio of the basic composition to the acid composition ranging from 1:6 to 1:3, feeding the mixture thus obtained and admixed with water into the hemodialysis apparatus, the ratio of the mixture to water being of about 1:34 and circulating the final solution in the apparatus wherein the mixture is diluted in water and the basic composition is reacted with the acid composition.

Abstract: Compositions consisting essentially of calcium hypochlorite and a water soluble zinc salt, the compositions containing from about 40 percent to about 99 percent by weight of calcium hypochlorite, provide controlled release of the components for continuous and effective sanitation and algae control to waters treated for use in swimming pools and spas.

Abstract: Zebra Mussels can be controlled by treating the waters in which they grow with a composition comprising the combination of a chlorine solution and a bromide salt capable of releasing bromide ions to the chlorine solution.

Abstract: A method of disinfecting a contact lens is disclosed and comprises placing the contact lens to be disinfected into a liquid electrolyte containing chlorine dioxide precursor, e.g., stabilized chlorine dioxide, and forming a disinfecting amount of chlorine dioxide in the liquid electrolyte by passing an electric current through the liquid electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides low concentration chlorous-acid generating compositions useful for oral hygiene. The compositions are effective oral disinfectants which do not have the strong unpleasant taste of chlorine and are useful in reducing plaque. The invention also concerns processes for making the inventive compositions and methods for using the same.

Abstract: A virucidal wipe for manually removing human organic material contaminated with HIV (AIDS), herpes or hepatitis viruses from and disinfecting surfaces such as countertops, floors, walls, instruments and plastic bed liners. The virucidal wipe includes a gauze pad impregnated with a 10% sodium hypochlorite solution and a hand-held flexible non-porous plastic barrier firmly attached thereto to protect the user from viral contamination and the sodium hypochlorite. The product includes a protective package to store the wipe prior to use.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel disinfectant composition which is an aqueous solution containing hypochlorite ions, such as sodium hypochlorite, containing a tertiary aliphatic alcohol, such a tertiary-butanol. The alcohol acts as an odor masking agent and as a stabilizer for hypochlorite ions while itself possessing disinfecting properties. The composition is useful as a disinfectant.