Abstract: A process is described for providing a conductive metal circuit using a coherent radiation source. The circuit pattern is directly written onto a laser addressable element having a supercooling material layer. A conductive metal toner is then applied to the light struck areas and fired in a furnace to provide a conductive metal circuit.

Abstract: Metallic surgical implant materials having improved strength of connection with bone are produced when the implants are treated prior to implantation with an aqueous solution of sodium fluoride.

Abstract: The electrode structure of the invention includes an n-type Al.sub.x Ga.sub.y In.sub.1-x-y N (0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1, x+y.ltoreq.1) semiconductor layer and an electrode layer formed on the semiconductor layer. In the electrode structure, the electrode layer is made of a metal silicide and, when a metal contained in the metal silicide is nitrified, a free energy of the metal nitride becomes smaller than a free energy of the metal contained in the metal silicide.

Abstract: A pulverulent organometallic compound containing tin and a halogen, notably fluorine, is pyrolyzed by heating on the surface of a transparent substrate, notably of glass, in order to form a film of tin oxide doped with a halogen. The coated substrate has improved infrared radiation and/or electrical properties. The granulometry of the organometallic compound is chosen such that the diameter of the particles d.sub.90 is between 40 and 200 microns.

Abstract: Mg.sub.x Al.sub.2-2x Ti.sub.1+x O.sub.5 (x.ltoreq.0.2) protective coatings have been developed for both dense and porous substrates, such as SiC and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, using a chemical solution processing method involving the hydrolysis and condensation of magnesium, aluminum and titanium precursors. The solution viscosities, pH values, H.sub.2 O/alkoxide molar ratios, and dip coating withdrawal rates which are optimum for crack-free Mg.sub.x Al.sub.2-2x Ti.sub.1+x O.sub.5 (x.ltoreq.0.2) are 1.0 to 6.2 cP, pH 1-4.5, molar ratio 1.5-10, and withdrawal rate of 2.2-8.0 cm/min, respectively. Conversion of the amorphous coating to crystalline Mg.sub.x Al.sub.2-2x Ti.sub.1+x O.sub.5 (x.ltoreq.0.2) is achieved by a succession of calcination below 450.degree. C. and a final heat treatment above 1000.degree. C. for ten hours with controlled heating and cooling rates.

Abstract: A means of permanently characterizing a glass workpiece (1) which is subjected to a heat treatment period during processing. An organic paint is utilized to apply identifying characteristics (3), and an inorganic bake-on paint is used to create an opaque permanent layer (5) in the region of the identifying characteristics (3). Heat treatment is utilized to create surface marks (4) on the workpiece (1) from the vaporization and burning of the organic paint into the inorganic paint.

Abstract: A method for the protection of porous metallic surfaces, such as titanium tibial tray components, titanium hip stems, and cobalt chrome cup shells of various sizes, during machining, sandblasting, and inspection of orthopaedic implants is disclosed. The process includes the application, cross-linking, and removal of a liquid gelatin coating which provides excellent protection against dirt, dust, lint and other materials from entering the porous surfaces of the prosthetic devices during manufacturing.

Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) device has a ceramic electroluminescent active layer and may be prepared by forming layers by a sol-gel process.

Abstract: There is provided a phosphor screen forming method in which a metal-backing layer formed after baking can be prevented from becoming nonuniform. A phosphor layer (1), an intermediate solution film layer (2), and a lacquer film layer (3) are formed on an inner surface of a panel (P). The intermediate film layer solution contains 1 weight % of oxalic acid. The oxalic acid in the intermediate film layer solution is crystallized by evaporating and drying the intermediate film layer solution and the lacquer, and a crystallized material (4) is grown (FIG. 5A). Thereafter, an aluminum layer (5) is formed on the lacquer film layer (3) (FIG. 5B), and the intermediate solution film layer (2) and the lacquer film layer (3) are removed by baking (FIG. 5C).

Abstract: A method for preparing an anti-reflective coating is provided which comprises the steps of applying a first coating composition containing an alcohol solution of a silicon alkoxide, at least one metal alkoxide of the formula M(OR).sub.4, an acid and water, where M is a metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Sn, In and Zr and R is an alkyl group, on the outer surface of a panel to form a first layer; drying the panel at about 40.degree.-80.degree. C. to form a first layer; applying a second coating composition containing an alcohol solution of a silicon alkoxide, a salt selected from the group consisting of KCl, KNO.sub.3, CH.sub.3 COOK, NaCl, NaNO.sub.3, CH.sub.3 COONa, NH.sub.4 Cl, NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 and CH.sub.3 COONH.sub.4, an acid and water onto the first layer to form a second layer; and heating the first and second layers coated on the outer surface of a panel.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for curing a hydrogen silsesquioxane coating material to form SiO.sub.2 by first placing the coating material in a preheated furnace; igniting a plasma ignited in the furnace immediately after insertion of the coating material therein; then raising the temperature of the furnace up to a predetermined curing temperature, while still maintaining the plasma in the chamber; maintaining the coating material at the curing temperature until substantially all of the coating material has cured to form SiO.sub.2 ; and then extinguishing the plasma and cooling the furnace. In another embodiment, the coating material is cured, with or without the assistance of heat and a plasma, in an ultrahigh vacuum, i.e., a vacuum of at least 10.sup.-5 Torr or better, and preferably at least 10.sup.-6 Torr or better.

Abstract: A metal surface is now described having enhanced adhesion of subsequently applied coatings. The substrate metal of the article, such as a valve metal as represented by titanium, is provided with a highly desirable surface characteristic for subsequent coating application. This can be initiated by selection of a metal of desirable metallurgy and heat history, including prior heat treatment to provide surface grain boundaries which may be most readily etched. In subsequent etching operation, the surface is made to exhibit well defined, three dimensional grains with deep grain boundaries. Subsequently applied coatings, by penetrating into the etched intergranular valleys, are desirably locked onto the metal substrate surface and provide enhanced lifetime even in rugged commercial environments.

Abstract: Oxide thin films are deposited onto functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) which are bonded to various surfaces. The resulting oxide thin films have ordered, uniform densely packed crystalline structures.

Abstract: An X-ray intensifying screen comprises a support and a layer containing a direct emission phosphor formed without a binder. The preferred direct emission phosphor is a rare earth silicate phosphor. Said X-ray intensifying screen is useful in the methods for recording and reproducing high energy radiation images. A process for the preparation of the binderless phosphor layer by reactive spray pyrolysis is also disclosed.

Abstract: Composites, and a method for preparing composites, are provided. The composites have a plurality of domains of inorganic compounds of from 0.4 to 1000 nanometers on the surfaces of a support material. The domains may contain one or more inorganic compounds, the ratio of which can be controlled by the process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a coating on a substrate. The method involves coating the substrate with a resinous co-hydrolysate having units of the formula HSi(OH).sub.x (OR).sub.y O.sub.z/2 and Si(OH).sub.a (OR).sub.b O.sub.c/2 in a ratio of 1:3 or less followed by heating the coated substrate to a temperature of between about 50.degree. and about 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of hard materials wherein hard constituent powders are coated with cobalt and/or nickel metal in solution by reducing the metals from a suitable compound such as an oxide, hydroxide or salt with a polyol while keeping the powder in suspension. The polyol functions both as a solvent and a reducing agent at the same time and is present in an amount of at least 5 times more moles polyol than moles metal. There is obtained an even distribution of the cobalt and/or nickel over the surface of the hard constituent powder without the formation of islands of pure metal.

Abstract: A process for providing indicia to the surface of an article. The process comprising the steps of: providing an article having material initially forming at least a portion of its exterior surface; coating at least part of the material whereat indicia is to be provided to thereby form a film; contacting, with radiation from a radiation beam, indicia areas of the film intended to be provided with indicia, the radiation thereby removing the film and modifying the surface of the material of the indicia areas and also forming a mask in the non-indicia areas of the film; applying an ink to the indicia areas thereby forming the indicia on the surface; drying the ink; and removing the film.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the amount of wear particulates generated by a total joint orthopaedic implant. The implant consists of two matched articulating components. The method includes the steps of placing the total joint orthopaedic implant in a fluid bath and articulating the implant in the fluid bath for at least 1,000 cycles. The articulation may be performed in three stages. In the first, the implant is articulated under a load of substantially 0.1-500 Newtons with sliding speeds of substantially 0.01-0.5 meters per second. During a second stage the articulation takes place under a load of substantially 200-2,500 Newtons with sliding speeds of substantially 0.01-0.5 meters per second. In the third stage the articulation takes place under a load of substantially 2,500-10,000 Newtons at sliding speeds of 0.5-2.0 meters per second.

Abstract: A first metal, an alcohol, and a carboxylic acid are reacted to form a metal alkoxycarboxylate which is then reacted with an alkoxide and/or a carboxylate of a second metal to form a precursor. Alternatively, a metal carboxylate and a metal alkoxide are combined and heated to form a precursor. In either alternative, the precursor includes all or most of the metal-oxygen-metal bonds of a desired metal oxide and a carboxylate ligand. The precursor is applied to a substrate, dried and annealed to form the metal oxide, such as BST. The metal-oxygen-metal bonds in the precursor permit the desired metal oxide to be formed from the precursor in one step, providing excellent thin films suitable for integrated circuits. The carboxylate ligand provides stability to the precursor allowing it to be stored for periods common in large scale manufacturing.

Abstract: A resistive element film-forming paste includes (1) an organic metal compound, (2) at least one organic non-metal additive, and (3) a solution of asphalt in a solvent. A resistive element is formed by coating the paste on a substrate followed by calcining.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a coating on a substrate. The method comprises applying a silane and, optionally, a titanium catalyst, onto the substrate and allowing the silane to hydrolyze and condense with atmospheric moisture to form an insoluble coating.

Abstract: A target element is formed by creating a precursor system which may yield an inorganic material at a temperature of 300-1600 C. which is lower than the melting point of said material. The precursor system contains an inorganic additive having a melting point no higher than. The precursor system is applied to a support other than a foam or metal felt, the resulting assembly is heated to said temperature and this temperature is maintained for a sufficient time to produce said inorganic material, whereafter the assembly formed by the inorganic material and the support is gradually cooled to room temperature. To produce the target, the target element (2) is bonded to a metal substrate (4) by means of a layer (3) of conductive adhesive.

Abstract: A method for forming a biocompatible component from a biocompatible thermoplastic material and a biocompatible fibrous material using an isostatic press. The method includes the steps of placing the biocompatible thermoplastic material and the biocompatible fibrous material in a flexible container. The flexible container is then heated under pressure so as to cause the biocompatible thermoplastic material to encapsulate the biocompatible fibrous material. The flexible container is then cooled so as to form the biocompatible component.

Abstract: A method of forming inorganic membranes which are highly selective to permeation of hydrogen by temporarily forming a carbon barrier in the pores of a porous substrate, followed by chemical deposition of SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and mixtures thereof in the pores, followed by removal of the carbon barrier. It has been demonstrated that the permeation selective layers thusly formed by this invention have a five fold increase in permeance over such layers made by a similar method but without forming a temporary carbon barrier in the pores of the porous substrate, and removal of the carbon-barrier after establishment of the oxide membrane. Some suitable porous substrate are Vycor.TM. glass or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: Photon generating devices produce predetermined radiation spectral output and heat for a variety of applications including lighting and electric power generation, and provide photons to enhance chemical and physical reactions. Such a device comprises an emitter which contains metal oxides, means to heat the emitter sufficiently to produce large number of photons of a desired spectral output, and an optical means for directing the photons to various targets. In one embodiment, the device includes a thermal input device, a light pipe having a low emissivity, and an emitter coating of superemitter material which is thermally stimulated to emit radiation of a specific wavelength above a threshold temperature. An intermediate layer may be used to bond the emitter coating to the light pipe or other optical device where desired.

Abstract: Disclosed are powders containing silica precursors having metals deposited on their surface. The powders are produced by vacuum evaporation of the metal onto the surface of the powder. These powders are useful for forming colloidal dispersion, gels and ceramics with metals dispersed therein.

Abstract: A process for producing PZT films on a substrate by thick-film technique in which the PZT films contain simply modified PZT and/or PZT with complex perovskite. PZT with a Zr content X of X.gtoreq.X.sub.p +0.02.ltoreq.X.sub.p +0.10 is used, where X.sub.p is the Zr content of the base composition at the morphotropic phase boundary determined by the maximum coupling factor K.sub.r.

Abstract: The present invention provides for faster and stronger tissue-implant bonding by treating a ceramic implant with an ion beam to modify the surface of the ceramic. The surface modification can give the ceramic improved ion-exchange properties depending upon the particular ceramic and the type of ions used. In a preferred embodiment, a bioactive ceramic orthopaedic, dental, or soft tissue implant is bombarded with a beam of cations. When implanted in the body, the surface modification causes an increase in the release of critical ions, such as calcium or phosphorus, from the surface of the ceramic implant, and thereby accelerates implant-tissue bond formation.

Abstract: A method of making fiber-reinforced preceramic and ceramic composites by infiltrating a preform of heat-resistant fibers with a solvent-free thermosetting preceramic polysilazane poller. The invention also comprises the resultant preceramic and ceramic composites.

Abstract: A surface-treated substrate consisting essentially of a substrate having at least two treated surface layers wherein the first layer constituting the outermost layer among the treated surface layers is a layer formed by treating with a treating agent containing a compound (I) capable of forming a surface having a contact angle of at least 70.degree. against water, and the second layer constituting an underlayer in contact with the outermost layer is a thin film layer of a heat resistant polymer formed by treating with a treating agent containing a compound (II) capable of forming a thin film of a heat resistant polymer and fine particles of a polymer, to form a thin film and heating the thin film to thermally decompose the fine particles of a polymer.

Abstract: A process for reducing the coefficient of friction and the wear between a metal part and an organic polymer- or copolymer-based part, in an aqueous medium containing chlorides, characterized in that the organic polymer- or copolymer-based part is submitted to a surface treatment by ionic implantation of elements selected from nitrogen, argon, oxygen and carbon.

Abstract: A surface of a hydrophobic microporous thermal insulation material is coated by first heating the surface of the microporous thermal insulation material so as to provide a hydrophilic surface layer on the hydrophobic material. Subsequently, a water-based coating, such as a water-based silicate adhesive, is applied to the hydrophilic surface layer of the hydrophobic material. An abrasive-and/or impact-resistant cover, such as a glass fibre cloth, may be applied to the coating.

Abstract: A method of producing a pH-responsive membrane by coating a substrate with an anhydrous coating solution of tantalum alkoxide. In a first preferred embodiment, an anhydrous tantalum alkoxide solution is deposited drop by drop on a surface of an electrode substrate which is rapidly rotating to form a film of tantalum alkoxide. After drying to remove the solvent, the electrode is baked to decompose the tantalum alkoxide, thereby forming a pH-responsive membrane of tantalum pentoxide. The thickness of this membrane can be controlled by altering the speed of substrate rotation and the volume of coating solution deposited thereon. In a second preferred embodiment, an electrode substrate is immersed in an anhydrous coating solution of a tantalum alkoxide followed by pulling the electrode substrate from the solution at a controlled rate to form a tantalum alkoxide film which is then converted to a pH-responsive membrane of tantalum pentoxide by drying and baking.

Abstract: A method for producing a silica mask on metal oxide surface is disclosed. Benzaldehyde is adsorbed on neutral or weak alkaline metal oxide surface, and then tetra-methoxy silane is deposited. The tetra-methoxy silane is hydrolyzed by water vapor into silica and the adsorbed benzaldehyde is removed by NH3 as benzo-nitrile. Thus a silica mask is produced on the metal oxide surface, and the mask has vacancies corresponding to the removed benzaldehyde. The vacancies act as the adsorption sites for shape selective adsorption.

Abstract: A multi-layer capacitor comprising a stack of sheet electrodes with an insulating dielectric layer sandwiched between these layers is disclosed. The dielectric layer formed on the electrode is prepared by the "sol-gel" process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for curing a hydrogen silsesquioxane coating material to form SiO.sub.2 by first placing the coating material in a preheated furnace; igniting a plasma ignited in the furnace immediately after insertion of the coating material therein; then raising the temperature of the furnace up to a predetermined curing temperature, while still maintaining the plasma in the chamber; maintaining the coating material at the curing temperature until substantially all of the coating material has cured to form SiO.sub.2 ; and then extinguishing the plasma and cooling the furnace. In another embodiment, the coating material is cured, with or without the assistance of heat and a plasma, in an ultrahigh vacuum, i.e., a vacuum of at least 10.sup.-5 Torr or better, and preferably at least 10.sup.-6 Torr or better.

Abstract: A system for dental restorations comprising dental alloys for the manufacture of a substructure of the restoration and dental porcelains for coating the substructure. The porcelains have a relatively high thermal expansion coefficient, above 14.5 .mu.m/m..degree.C., and a relatively low firing temperature, below 950.degree. C. The alloys have adapted properties, a thermal expansion coefficient above 14.5 .mu.m/m..degree.C. and a solidus temperature of at least 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: In process for forming a coating of phosphor particles on a fluorescent lamp glass, a polymer is deposited on the phosphor particles and the phosphor particles are entrained in a carrier gas with the polymer in a non-adhering state, and then the phosphor particles are coated on the fluorescent lamp glass with the polymer in an adhering state for retaining the phosphor particles on the fluorescent glass and, the coated fluorescent glass is heated to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the polymer for removing the polymer and to form a coating of phosphor particles on a fluorescent lamp glass.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a compound body having at least one, partly covering layer on a porous body, whose pore system is evacuate by means of a subpressure which is applied on the porous body by a suction cup or the like and the body is dipped in a slurry of powdery components of the layer. The compound body is densified by sintering or other heat treatment, e.g., post-HIP.

Abstract: A method for reducing the tendencies of small holes to become packed with particulate material during pack cooling. An organic substance is used to wholly or partially fill small holes prior to placing the part in the packed cooling material. The organic material decomposes during the packed cooling process.

Abstract: Encapusalated electroluminescent phosphor particles and method for making same. The phosphor particles are encapsulated in a very thin oxide layer to protect them from aging due to moisture intrusion. The particles are encapsulated via a vapor phase hydrolysis reaction of oxide precursor materials at a temperature of between about 25.degree. C. and about 170.degree. C., preferably between about 100.degree. C. and about 150.degree. C. The resultant encapsulated particles exhibit a surprising combination of high initial luminescent brightness and high resistance to humidity-accelerated brightness decay.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low temperature method of forming silica-containing ceramic coatings on substrates. The method involves applying a coating comprising a silicon hydride containing resin on a substrate and heating the coated substrate under an environment comprising nitrous oxide at a temperature sufficient to convert the resin to the silica-containing ceramic coating. This method is especially valuable for forming protective and dielectric coatings on electronic devices.

Abstract: A new composition and methods for densifying a refractory oxide coating. The new composition includes two substituents. The first substituent is the reaction mixture produced by combining 80% formic acid and saturated aqueous chromic acid. The second substituent includes either phosphoric acid or monoaluminum phosphate. The proportions of the first substituent:second substituent vary from about 5:9 (weight:weight) to about 3:2 (weight:weight). A refractory oxide coating may be densified by first applying the new composition to the refractory oxide coating, then heating to a temperature of at least about 450.degree. F., followed by cooling. A refractory oxide coating may be further densified by repeating this process one or more additional times. Alternatively, the first and second substituents may be sequentially applied to the refractory oxide coating before heating and cooling operations.

Abstract: A process is described for producing carbon bodies and a coating of silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide. In this process, the surface of carbon bodies is coated with an aqueous slip containing finely divided silicon carbide and binder. The coating is then dried and the binder is decomposed by heat. The coated carbon bodies are then silicized at their surface by contact with liquid silicon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming a superconductive oxide layer on a substrate. The method comprises applying a precursor solution to a major surface of the substrate such that a metal-containing layer is formed on the surface, and heat treating the substrate/layer combination such that at least a substantial portion of the layer material is transformed into superconductive oxide. Exemplarily, the precursor solution is formed by dissolving Ba--, Y--, and Cu-containing compounds in acetic acid and water, spinning the solution on a MgO substrate, driving of unwanted constituents of the resulting layer at 400.degree. C., heating the combination to about 830.degree. C. in O.sub.2 such that the (perovskite) phase that is associated with superconductivity in YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7 is formed, and oxygenating the layer at about 400.degree. C. in O.sub.2.

Abstract: A ceramic material based on Sialon, in particular on .beta.'-Sialon is obtained by reducing an aluminosilicate precursor by means of a gas phase comprising a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen doped with a gaseous carbon compound. The gaseous carbon compound is a gas containing carbon in combined form, e.g. an alkane, and its concentration by volume in the gas is less than 3%. The method is particularly suitable for forming Sialon-based coatings on substrates that are solid or fibrous. For composite materials constituted by a fiber preform densified by means of a matrix, the method can be used to form an interphase coating on the fibers of the preform prior to densifying the preform, or the method can be used to form a matrix that is based on Sialon.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a ceramic membrane for micro-filtration having a porous ceramic carrier and a ceramic micro-filtration coating on a bulk surface of said carrier, the steps are performed of(i) silanizing said carrier at least at said bulk surface thereof,(ii) after step (i), applying a coating film containing metal oxide to said bulk surface of said carrier by contacting a stable suspension of non-agglomerated metal oxide particles with said bulk surface and moving said suspension along said bulk surface, so that said coating film remains adhering to said bulk surface, and(iii) drying and heating said carrier and said coating film thereon, so as to sinter at least said coating film and thereby form said micro-filtration coating on said carrier.In order to improve the uniformity and evenness of the coating film of the suspension, the stable suspension contains an organic additive which increases the yield stress of the stable suspension to a value greater than zero.

Abstract: An apparatus for glazing hollow articles of earthenware or porcelain includes a glazing station with a glaze vessel by which the article is securely held in position and which is rotatable about its axis and tiltable from an initial position about an angle of 180.degree.. In order to effectively glaze articles of bulged configuration and great depth and to allow excess glaze to drip off especially from the inside of the article, the glaze vessel is also substantially vertically movable in up and downward direction.

Abstract: Printing is conducted at the transparent conducting film unnecessary portion on a substrate 1 with a masking ink having a higher thermal decomposition temperature than that of the transparent conducting film forming composition, and the ink is dried and cured by heat or light to form a masking pattern 2. The portion where a transparent conducting film is to be formed is preferably subjected to ozone cleaning and then coated with a transparent conducting film forming composition comprising an indium compound and/or a tin compound and a solvent to form a transparent conducting film forming composition layer 3. The thus worked substrate is subjected to a heat treatment, causing thermal decomposition of the masking pattern 2 after formation of a transparent conducting film. Then the residues of the masking ink and the transparent conducting film are removed to finally obtain a desired patterned transparent conducting film 4.