Abstract: A method for the production of refractory products, non-reactive with molten aluminum, other molten metals and with molten alloys is provided. A formed refractory product is made non-reactive to molten metals/alloys by impregnating the product with a solution containing fluosilicic acid, fluoroboric acid, hydrogen fluoride and mixtures thereof, and subsequent heating of the impregnated product to cause the formation of non-reactive surface.

Abstract: Compositions are used for coating teeth and dental prostheses based on a mixture of(a) at least one compound that is soluble in the reaction medium having the formula (I)MR.sub.x (I)in which M means Ti, Zr, Si, Ge, Sn or Al, R means halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, acyloxy or a chelate ligand, and x means the valency of M, and(b) an organic silane having the formula (II)R".sub.n SiX.sub.4-n (II)in which R" means alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, arylalkenyl or alkenylaryl, where said radicals may be interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms or --NH-- groups, X means hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, acyloxy or the group --NR.sub.2 ' (R'=hydrogen and/or alkyl) and n has the value 1, 2 or 3, and/or(c) an organofunctional silane having the formula (III)R.sub.m "(R"'Y).sub.n SiX.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a threshold switching device which exhibits negative differential resistance, and which is made by depositing a silicon dioxide film derived from hydrogen silsesquioxane resin between at least two electrodes and then applying a voltage above a threshold voltage across the electrodes.

Abstract: Borazine oligomers in liquid form are produced and used to create composites of fibers bonded to boron nitride as a matrix and also to coat or increase the density of various fiber composites.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention there is provided a method of producing a densified carbon preform having interior a porous region of graded carbon-silicon carbide, carbon-silicon nitride or ceramic-ceramic composition.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for immersion members for molten metal baths, wherein a thermal sprayed coating including 1-50 wt % of tungsten boride, 3-25 wt % of one or more of Ni, Co, Cr, and Mo as a metal phase, and a remainder including tungsten carbide, is formed on the surface of a immersion member for use in molten metal baths, and subsequently, impregnation processing is conducted with respect to the thermal sprayed coating in a processing fluid having as a main component thereof chromic acid (H.sub.2 CrO.sub.4 and H.sub.2 Cr.sub.2 O.sub.7), and subsequently, baking processing is conducted. In accordance with this manufacturing method, a surface layer possessing fine microstructure and high bond strength not conventionally available is provided, and it is possible to manufacture a superior immersion member for use in molten metal baths which has superior resistance to corrosion, resistance to corrosive peeling, and resistance to abrasion, and to which metals do not easily adhere.

Abstract: A method of applying a layer of exogenous inorganic oxide to a metal article which method involves heating a coating of a coupling agent for a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the coating to a layer of exogenous inorganic oxide. Also a method of adhering a metal article to an adhesive and/or a composite and a method of adhering a metal article to a substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reflectance reducing silicon dioxide film formed on a glass substrate by the sol-gel process. To make the film minutely rough, at least two sols are respectively prepared from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of silicon alkoxides and silicon acetylacetonates, such that polymers of the sols have different average molecular weights. Then, the at least two sols are mixed with a solvent so as to prepare a coating solution. The coating solution is applied to the glass substrate so as to form a sol film on the glass substrate. The thus coated glass substrate is heated so as to transform the sol film into a gel film. The gel film which is minutely rough is satisfactory in reflectance reduction.

Abstract: A method for making a semiconductor device having an anhydrous ferroelectric thin-film obtained from an anhydrous sol-gel solution. An anhydrous PZT sol-gel solution is provided, wherein the sol-gel solution is prepared from lead (II) acetate anhydrous, which is heated with zirconium and titanium precursors to form a gel. The sol-gel solution is prepared without hydrolyzing the solution to obtain precursor complexes which do not contain water. The sol-gel is then applied to a semiconductor substrate and crystallized to form a ferroelectric thin-film. In a preferred embodiment, one or more steps of preparing the sol-gel solution, applying the sol-gel solution, and crystallizing the sol-gel solution are carried out in the presence of an oxygen-containing ambient.

Abstract: A method for producing decorations which are color-stable in a porcelain firing (glost firing), and a pigment composition suitable for this method, is disclosed. Inclusion pigments based on heavy-metal sulfides and selenides in an oxidic or silicate casing, especially ZrSiO.sub.4, result in more color-stable decorations in a porcelain firing if color-stabilizing auxiliary agents from the series of Zn compounds, especially ZnO or zinc-containing glass frits, or cerium(III) or cerium(IV) compounds, especially CeO.sub.2, are used in the decorative layer and/or glaze layer as color-stabilizing auxiliary agents. The amount used in the decorative layer is generally 5 to 50% by weight in the case of ZnO and CeO.sub.2, relative to the inclusion pigment. The pigment composition contains at least one of the color-stabilizing auxiliary agents in addition to an inclusion pigment.

Abstract: Thermally-reversible polymer compositions are obtained by reacting compounds with isocyanate and labile-hydrogen functionality. High-performance characteristics are incorporated into the polymer by using aromatic polycarbonate, aromatic polyester, polyarylsulfide, and polyarylimidazolidine oligomers. The compositions are useful as hot-melt adhesives, coatings and especially finish surface coatings on composite materials such as polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate, moldings and in injection reaction molding applications and composite and laminate fabrication.

Abstract: Coated particles having properties such as to make them suitable as replacements for titanium dioxide particles can be obtained by reacting a titanium or zirconium halide, ether, or ester with zeolite hydrate particles so as to coat the zeolite particles with titania or zirconia. The reaction is preferably conducted between a titanium compound, such as titanium tetrachloride, and the zeolite in an inert medium, such as anhydrous or substantially anhydrous air or a hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A method for preparing a magnetic recording medium includes the following steps of providing a substrate; providing a solution consisting essentially of ions of cobalt, manganese and iron in deionized water; and preheating the substrate and spraying the solution onto the preheated substrate at an elevated temperature to uniformly distribute droplets thereon and form a magnetic recording medium film on the subtrate. Such method can prepare a magnetic thin film which has a high recording density and is cost-effective.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel cost efficient luminescent composition comprising particles of a core material which have been coated with a luminescent material that is distributed in the form of a chemically homogeneous layer. The average diameter of the core particle is in the range of from about 0.5 to 20 microns, and the coating corresponds to between about 2 and 30 wt % of the total composition. One aspect the invention relates to a process for preparing the composition which comprises decomposing chelated metal luminescent compositions in solution at a relatively high pH while in the presence of dispersed core particles, thereby coating the core particles with hydrous metal oxides, recovering the coated particles, optionally washing the coated particles substantially free from soluble species, drying and calcining. In another aspect, a hydrous oxide coating is converted to a sulfide coating by treating the hydrous coating with a source of active sulfur.

Abstract: Carbon coated carbide fibers are arranged in a predetermined pattern and shape around a silicon carbide coated graphite insert. Silicon carbide is infiltrated into the silicon carbide fibers to produce a SiC/SiC composite component. The SiC/SiC composite component is coated with glass and is then heated in air to burn out the graphite insert to form a hollow glass coated SiC/SiC composite component. The method is suitable for producing hollow SiC/SiC composite turbine blades or vanes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a homogeneous ceramic coating on a substrate. The method comprises depositing a preceramic coating on a substrate and then heating the substrate while directing a stream of cooling gas at the surface of the preceramic coating such that a temperature gradient is developed in the coating. This temperature gradient is created in such a way that the preceramic material near the substrate is converted to its ceramic form while the preceramic material near the surface of the coating is deterred from conversion. The temperature gradient is then decreased over time such that all of the preceramic material ceramifies from the substrate outward to form a homogeneous coating on the substrate.

Abstract: A diamond, ceramic, metal, or metal alloy surface is coated with molten Csub.3. The coated surface is then heated in air at a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. until the molten CrO.sub.3 coating is converted into a black, powdery adherent coating of CrO.

Abstract: A method for treating orthopedic implants subject to wear and fatigue, and an orthopedic implant device treated in accordance with the described method. The orthopedic implant device is initially located in a reaction vessel. The outer surface of the orthopedic implant device is then subject to plasma nitriding so as to form a nitrogen enriched layer on the outer surface of the orthopedic implant device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the formation of ceramic silicon oxide films on substrate surfaces wherein said films are thick, free of cracks and pinholes, and insoluble in organic solvents. These films are formed by coating the surface of a substrate with a silicon resin having the general formula(HR.sub.2 SiO.sub.1/2).sub.X (SiO.sub.4/2).sub.1.0wherein R is selected from the set comprising the hydrogen atom, alkyl groups, and aryl groups, and 0.1.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.2.0, and then heating the coated substrate to convert the coating into a ceramic silicon oxide film.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the use of liquid-source bubbler/delivery systems for the delivery of solid source precursors employed in the growth of advanced technical materials such as the deposition of copper films in microelectronic devices.

Abstract: A method for preparing a decomposable film which comprises the steps of dispersing poly-.alpha.-methylstyrene or a polyalkylene carbonate in water, or preferably dissolving poly-.alpha.-methylstyrene or the polyalkylene carbonate in a solvent, dispersing the resulting solution in water, vaporizing the solvent so that the content of the solvent may be in the range of from 20 to 100% by weight based on the weight of poly-.alpha.-methylstyrene or the polyalkylene carbonate, applying the resulting aqueous emulsion, and then drying the same; and a method for preparing a metal film having a flat surface which comprises the steps of depositing a metal on the surface of the decomposable film, and then treating the film at a temperature higher than the decomposition temperature of the film.

Abstract: A method for making a particulate filled polymeric matrix composite film includes mixing a polymeric matrix material with a dispersion of particulate filler in a carrier liquid to form a casting composition and adjusting the viscosity of the casting composition to retard separation of the particulate filler from the composition. A layer of the viscosity-adjusted casting composition is cast on a substrate and the layer is consolidated to form the particulate filled polymer matrix composite film. Films made by the method include very thin, e.g less than 1.0 mil, fluoropolymeric matrix films highly filled with very small diameter, preferably spherical, particles for use as, e.g. dielectric substrate materials in laminar electrical circuits.

Abstract: A process is described for manufacturing a friction ring for use in a clutch or brake. Said friction ring comprises a sintered friction lining that is provided on at least one peripheral surface of a conical or cylindrical carrying ring, which has been formed from a flat sheet metal blank after a coating comprising a sinterable powder mixture has been formed on the flat sheet metal blank. In order to permit a shaping of the sheet metal blank independently of the ductility of the sintered friction lining, it is proposed that the sinterable powder mixture for making the friction lining is mixed with an expellable synthetic resin binder before said mixture is applied to the flat sheet metal blank to form said coating, said coating is set, the sheet metal blank provided with said coating is shaped to form the friction ring when said coating has been set, and the friction lining is subsequently sintered while or after the synthetic resin binder is expelled at least in part.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the formation of a thick silicon oxide film which is insoluble in organic solvents and free of cracks and pinholes on the surface of a substrate. The method comprises forming a hydrogen silsesquioxane resin film on the surface of a substrate, converting the hydrogen silsesquioxane resin into preceramic silicon oxide by heating in an inert gas atmosphere, and converting the preceramic silicon oxide into silicon oxide ceramic by heating in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of oxygen and oxygen mixed with an inert gas.

Abstract: A method of depositing metal oxides on substrates which is indifferent to the electrochemical properties of the substrates and which comprises forming ammine complexes containing metal ions and thereafter effecting removal of ammonia from the ammine complexes so as to permit slow precipitation and deposition of metal oxide on the substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the formation of a thick silicon oxide film on the surface of a substrate. The method comprises forming a hydrogen silsesquioxane resin film on the surface of a substrate and converting the hydrogen silsesquioxane resin into silicon oxide ceramic by heating the resin film-bearing substrate in an inert gas atmosphere at 250.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. until the content of silicon-bonded hydrogen in the silicon oxide product has reached .ltoreq.80% of the content of silicon-bonded hydrogen in the hydrogen silsesquioxane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the formation of a thick silicon oxide film on the surface of a substrate. The method comprises forming a hydrogen silsesquioxane resin film on the surface of a substrate followed by converting the hydrogen silsesquioxane resin into silicon oxide ceramic by heating the resin film-bearing substrate in a mixed gas atmosphere of above 0 volume % up to 20 volume % oxygen and 80 volume % up to, but not including, 100 vol % inert gas until the content of silicon-bonded hydrogen in the silicon oxide product has reached .ltoreq.80% of the content of silicon-bonded hydrogen in the hydrogen silsesquioxane resin.

Abstract: A thin glass film is formed on a substrate using a sol-gel method by applying to the substrate a hydrolyzable solution which contains a metal alkoxide, water, an alcohol and an acid, contacting the applied solution with an atmosphere containing ammonia and an alcohol to polycondensate the metal alkoxide, and heating to form the thin glass film.

Abstract: A technique for producing a highly convoluted surface on a prosthetic device is achieved by applying a layer of aspherical metallic powder on the surface of the device. The metallic powder, which may be the same as or different from the material of the device, is applied in a thickness of up to approximately 200 microns and has a size range of approximately -80 to +635 mesh so as to result in a surface roughness defined by a peak to valley variation of up to approximately 200 microns. A resulting device has an enhanced surface which provides, alternatively, an improved press fit into a receiving bone, or improved cement fixation, or improved reception of a ceramic coating.

Abstract: An atmospheric process for the production of a coating of film upon a nickel-containing substrate. In the first step of this process, an aerosol mist containing reactants necessary to form the coating is provided. Thereafter, the mist is subjected to radio-frequency radiation while in the plasma region. Thereafter, the vaporized mixture is then deposited onto a nickel substrate. In subsequent steps, one or more other layers of vaporized material may be deposited onto the coated substrate.

Abstract: A porous bioabsorbable surgical implant material is prepared by coating particles of bioabsorbable polymer with a tissue ingrowth promoter. Typical polymers include polymers of glycolide, lactide, caprolactone, trimethylene carbonate, dioxanone and physical and chemical combinations thereof. The tissue ingrowth promoter can include calcium hydroxide and/or a hydrophillic coating material. The hydrophillic coating material can be bioabsorbable or non-bioabsorbable. A typical non-bioabsorbable hydrophillic coating material is polyhydroxymethylmethacrylate (PHEMA). The bioabsorbable implant material may also contain a therapeutic agent. Typical therapeutic agents include an antimicrobial agent, dye, growth factor and combinations thereof. Typically, the particles are prepared by rotary atomization and coated by spraying.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing an anode for an electrochemical cell, in particular a solar cell, on electrically conductive glass to which a layer of porous metal oxide is applied. The layer includes metal complexes of the porphyrin-phthalocyanine class and other dyestuffs and is then subjected to a heat treatment. A paste of highly dispersed metal oxide, in particular aluminum oxide and/or titanium oxide, is first produced with the addition of a dyestuff and an alcoholic solution, which acts as a binder, in a dry atmosphere. The paste produced in this way is applied as a thin layer to the glass plate coated with a transparent, electrically conductive layer, and the configuration including the glass plate and the pasty metal oxide layer is subjected to a heat treatment at temperatures below 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A new composition and methods for densifying a refractory oxide coating. The new composition includes two substituents. The first substituent is the reaction mixture produced by combining 80% formic acid and saturated aqueous chromic acid. The second substituent includes either phosphoric acid or monoaluminum phosphate. The proportions of the first substituent:second substituent vary from about 5:9 (weight:weight) to about 3:2 (weight:weight). A refractory oxide coating may be densified by first applying the new composition to the refractory oxide coating, then heating to a temperature of at least about 450.degree. F., followed by cooling. A refractory oxide coating may be further densified by repeating this process one or more additional times. Alternatively, the first and second substituents may be sequentially applied to the refractory oxide coating before heating and cooling operations.

Abstract: A silica coating is formed on an electronic substrate by applying a silazane polymer on the substrate and converting it to silica by heating in an oxidizing environment. The resultant thick planarizing coatings are useful as protective coatings and dielectric inner layers.

Abstract: Wear-resistant hard material layers are prepared on a metal support by applying onto said support a mixture of hard material particles, solder particles and organic binding agents and thereafter soldering the layer by heating. The mixture thus obtained can be applied by means of immersing, screen printing, brushing, spraying or spreading. The stable suspension required for the above steps is prepared by homogeneously grinding the particles together to a particle size from 1 to 20 .mu.m and adding an organic solvent to the binding agent.

Abstract: Iron and titanium oxide thin films are deposited onto functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) which are bonded to silicon or glass substrates. The resulting oxide thin films have ordered, uniform densely packed crystalline structures.

Abstract: A plasma display panel comprises a front plate disposed on the side of a viewer, a rear plate disposed in parallel and opposing the front plate, and cell barriers arranged between the front and rear plates of matrix shape or linear shape. The cell barrier is formed of a material including a phosphor. The cell barriers are formed by printing multiple times a phosphor paste containing glass frit in an overlapped manner by a screen printing method. The cell barrier is formed in another method in which a positive pattern of cell barriers are formed on the front or rear plate by using photo resist, a slurry containing a phosphor fills in portions except for the pattern of the photo resist, and the photo resist is thereafter removed to thereby form cell barriers. In the case of the cell barrier of a color display PDP, the cell barrier may be composed of a material containing phosphor of different colors each with a width corresponding to a one half width of the cell barrier.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming a threshold switching device which exhibits negative differential resistance and to the devices formed thereby. The method comprises depositing a silicon dioxide film derived from hydrogen silsesquioxane resin between at least two electrodes and then applying a voltage above a threshold voltage across the electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cathode ray tube having a surface with reduced reflectivity and electrical resistivity and to a method for providing such reduced reflectivity and electrical resistivity. In the method of the invention, a solution of a soluble metallic cation moiety and a silane in an organic solvent is provided. The solution is applied to the surface of a cathode ray tube to provide a coating of the silane and the metallic moiety of the metallic compound on the surface. Thereafter, the cathode ray tube is cured at an elevated temperature for a period of time sufficient to convert the metallic cation moiety to a metal oxide in situ and to provide a metallic oxide in a matrix of siloxane.

Abstract: An electrically resistive film of the type used for forming thick film resistors is formed predominantly of palladium and includes an addition of boron nitride to increase resistance, preferably in combination with tantalum oxide. A paste of palladium powder and boron nitride powder dispersed in a vaporizable vehicle is applied to a substrate and sintered to form the film. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate is a ceramic powder compact that is concurrently sintered in a co-firing process.

Abstract: Methods of forming a chemical barrier against the transmission of disease-causing microbes and other harmful agents through a membrane such as latex. In the principal method, a mold or former is coded with a coagulant, which is dried, and then the former is dipped into liquid latex, which is allowed to gel, and then the former is dipped into a solution containing the biocide, and then the former is dipped again into the liquid latex, after which the entire coating on the former is cured. Alternatively, the biocide may be sprayed or otherwise applied onto the gelled latex.

Abstract: A fiber preform is initially consolidated by being impregnated with a thermosetting impregnation composition that contains a ceramic precursor, and by heat treatment at the end of which the precursor has been transformed into ceramic, without passing through a meltable phase. The consolidated preform is then densified. The impregnation composition is constituted by a mixture of a thermosetting monomer and a ceramic precursor polymer, and the monomer is cross-linked during the heat treatment so as to achieve "in situ" cross-linking of the polymer mixture prior to transforming the precursor into ceramic.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube having an antistatic and non-glare coating with a controlled and uniform degree of unevenness, can be produced by the process which comprises the steps of mixing an alcohol solution of an acid and a partially hydrolyzed alkylsilicate monomer with an amount of water being of at least four times greater than the number of moles of the alkylsilicate; applying the mixed solution to the outer surface of the panel by spin coating; followed by heating the resulting coating to a temperature in the range of 150.degree. to 200.degree. C. to form an antistatic and non-glare coating.

Abstract: An electrode which comprises a substrate of a valve metal or an alloy thereof having properties similar to those of the valve metal and a coating comprising an outer layer which comprises RuO.sub.2, an oxide of at least one non-noble metal and at least one other noble metal or oxide thereof and an intermediate layer having a composition different from that of the outer layer and which comprises RuO.sub.2 and an oxide of at least one non-noble metal. The electrode is particularly useful as an anode for an electrolytic cell, eg a chlor-alkali cell, it has a lifetime therein which is greater than the sum of the operational life-times of electrodes which comprise a valve metal substrate and which separately comprise one of the above layers which together form a part of the coating of that electrode.

Abstract: Oxygen sensor for air-fuel ratio control is provided with a sensor element having an oxygen ion-conductive main body and electrodes on both sides thereof, and at least one porous protective layer covering the electrode on the exhaust gas side. The protective layer includes an oxygen storage component OSC without copresence of a noble metal catalyst. The protective layer is intermeshingly connected to the main body via spherical protrusions of the main body. Double-layered protective layer structure includes OSC noncontaining layer (optionally containing catalyst) and OSC containing layer, as inner and outer protective layer or vice versa. OSC containing layer is formed by impregnation with OSC-solution through immersing the respective porous protective layer, or by cosintering the OSC containing green coating layer. By impregnation 0.2-8 wt %, or by cosintering 0.2-30 wt %, of OSC metal element is containable. The outer protective layer is thinner and more porous than the inner protective layer.

Abstract: A post treatment for protection from degradation at elevated temperatures of carbon and graphite materials to which have been applied a silicon carbide primary coating. The treatment comprising coating the substrate with a first film comprising monoaluminum phosphate, water, particulate silicon carbide, silicon carbide felt, alumina, and .boron; curing the first film, applying over the first film, a second film comprising monoaluminum phosphate, water, alumina and boron; curing the second film, applying a third film comprising water, sodium silicate, sodium borate, boron, particulate silicon carbide and silicon carbide felt; curing the third film, applying a fourth film comprising sodium borate, water, sodium silicate, boron and alumina which is cured after application.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a liquid conducting porous article having micron sized metallic particles suspended on a ceramic substrate member. The method includes coating the ceramic substrate with a particle slurry on top of which is added an additional amount of the same particles as a dry powder, and then heat treating the article in a reducing gas atmosphere. The use of less than ten micron sized Nickel particles for the porous material and sintered fusion of the particles are also included.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming improved Si--O containing coatings on electronic substrate. The method comprises converting hydrogen silsesquioxane resin into a Si--O containing ceramic coating in the presence of hydrogen gas. The resultant coatings have improved properties such as stable dielectric constants.

Abstract: Microporous diaphragms adapted for wet-consolidation with composite cathodes for use in electrolytic cells, e.g., chlorine/soda electrolysis cells, comprise a sintered, fluoropolymer microconsolidated asbestos-based microporous fibrous sheet material, such sheet material including from 3% to 35% by weight of fluoropolymer binder, from 1% to 50% by weight of a uniformly distributed gel of an oxohydroxide of at least one metal of Groups IVA, IVB, VB and VIB of the Periodic Table or of the lanthanide or actinide series thereof, and from 20% to 95% by weight of fibers, at least 1% by weight of such fibers being asbestos fibers.

Abstract: A process for preparing a diamond particle/silver metal matrix composite ucture by coating diamond particles with molten silver nitrate, decomposing the silver nitrate to form a silver metal coating on the surfaces of the diamond particles, consolidating the silver metal coated diamond particles into a composite structure having continuous pores between the silver metal coated diamond particles, infiltrating the continuous pores of the composite with molten silver nitrate and decomposing the silver nitrate to form silver metal which fills the continuous pores of the composite structure.