Metal Coating Patents (Class 427/436)
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Patent number: 4281034Abstract: An article fabricated from a resin (e.g. ABS, polycarbonates, polyethylenes, polyaryl ether, or polypropylene of platable grades) susceptible to softening when contacted with trichloroethylene or a mixture of trichloroethylene and methylene chloride is dipped into an alkaline detergent, rinsed, and immersed in an agitated bath (by volume, 90 parts of trichloroethylene, 9 to 10 parts of ethanol, and 0 to 1 part of methylene chloride--1 part of methylene chloride if the resin is polypropylene) to which copper or nickel has been added as a powder (50 to 150 microns, 200 to 250 grams per liter) whereupon the article is drained, dipped in an agitated bath of similar composition, and dried. Alternatively, the powder may be sprayed onto the article, after the article has been immersed in such a bath. Next, the article may be dipped in dilute nitric acid, rinsed and immersed in a non-catalytic bath for deposition of nickel.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 1980Date of Patent: July 28, 1981Assignee: Sunbeam CorporationInventor: Raichur S. Narayan
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Patent number: 4273824Abstract: A method of adhering a ceramic facing material to an underlying substrate is disclosed. Substrates to which the concepts apply include unsupported low modulus, porous wire pads as well as low modulus, porous wire pads backed by a solid metallic form. The ceramic application techniques employed are centered around the impregnation of the regions of the pad to be ceramic coated with an underlayment coating, such as MCrAlY material, wherein the designation "M" stands for at least one of the elements from the iron cobalt and nickel group. Deep penetration of the underlayment material into the pad is achieved with a high velocity, spraying process. Ceramic material is applied over the underlayment material by conventional spraying techniques.Articles of manufacture which are suited to fabrication in accordance with the concepts disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, outer air seals, combustion chambers, and airfoils of gas turbine engines.Type: GrantFiled: May 11, 1979Date of Patent: June 16, 1981Assignee: United Technologies CorporationInventors: Charles C. McComas, Larry S. Sokol
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Patent number: 4272570Abstract: A process for providing surface layers of copper or copper alloyed with zinc on die castings of zinc or zinc alloys comprises a step of immersing the castings in an agitated bath containing an aqueous vehicle, which has been adjusted to a pH of from 8 to 10, and to which cupric oxide has been added as a powder in an amount of approximately from 200 to 250 grams per liter of the agitated bath. Cuprous oxide may be substituted for cupric oxide. At a pH not exceeding 8.5, the surface layer tends to be copper alloyed with zinc. At a pH exceeding 8.5, the surface layer tends to be copper. At a pH of 9, the surface layer of copper tends to be very adherent. The pH is adjusted by addition of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or ammonium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 1980Date of Patent: June 9, 1981Assignee: Sunbeam CorporationInventor: Raichur S. Narayan
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Patent number: 4263342Abstract: The mercury contact comprises a solid metal base of beryllium, wetted with mercury. The method of manufacturing the mercury contact includes periodically dipping the cleaned solid metal base of beryllium into chemically pure mercury through a mixture of saturated water solution of chromic anhydride and a 40 percent solution of hydrofluoric acid water, taken in a 1:1 ratio by volume.Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 1979Date of Patent: April 21, 1981Inventors: Anatoly V. Zakurdaev, Vladimir I. Vyzhimov, Vladimir P. Gladkov, Valery I. Petrov
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Patent number: 4259365Abstract: Sodium nitrite in liquid form is deposited on a substrate and allowed to crystallize thereby forming a thin layer on the substrate. The substrate is either dipped into a solution containing sodium nitrite or into sodium nitrite in the molten state and then pulled out again. Subsequent drying or cooling of the wetted substrate top surface causes the crystalline film to form. Alternatively, sodium nitrite in a liquid state is applied to the top surface of the substrate and the substrate is rotated to assure an even distribution of the sodium nitrite. Again, drying or cooling causes the crystalline layer to form. The so manufactured unit is shown as part of a pyroelectric radiation detector, as image receiver in a television camera tube and as the storage element in a field effect transistor arrangement.Type: GrantFiled: March 2, 1978Date of Patent: March 31, 1981Inventors: Wolfgang Ruppel, Ullrich Hetzler, Horst Vogt, Peter Wurfel
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Patent number: 4241105Abstract: A substrate is plated by a process which includes the steps of catalyzing a substrate by coating its surface with a silver-pyridine complex dissolved in an organic solvent, converting the complex to silver oxide by immersion in a basic solution, and reducing the silver oxide to metallic silver and then electroless plating. When the substrate is copper, the silver oxide is spontaneously converted to a reflective and continuous layer of metallic silver upon immersion in the basic solution. The process as disclosed is used in the manufacture of insulated conductors and cord from nylon filaments.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 1979Date of Patent: December 23, 1980Assignee: Western Electric Company, Inc.Inventor: William T. Mayweather
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Patent number: 4235648Abstract: A method for plating very thin films of aluminum for subsequent electrical contact. The method is particularly suitable for preparation of the thin films of aluminum used in semiconductor integrated circuits for subsequent plating operations or lead bonding processes. The method comprises a removal of surface oxides in a way that does not substantially attack the very thin films of aluminum followed by immersion plating with a metal selected from the group comprising zinc, tin, nickel, silver and copper.Type: GrantFiled: April 5, 1979Date of Patent: November 25, 1980Assignee: Motorola, Inc.Inventor: Lavoie Richardson
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Patent number: 4234631Abstract: An aqueous bath useful in, and methods for, immersion plating of tin and tin-lead alloys which give greatly increased deposition rates and thicker coatings of better quality accomplished by incorporating into immersion plating tin bath compositions soluble plumbous salts in the amount from 0.5 grams per liter calculated on the basis of elemental lead to the maximum amount soluble in the bath and a sulphur-containing complexing agent for the tin and lead such as thiourea or a thiourea-type derivative; the bath solution contains stannous chloride, lead chloride, sodium hypophosphite (as a solubility enhancer) and with hydrochloric acid used as an agent for adjusting the pH in the resulting bath from 0.5 to 1.0.Type: GrantFiled: July 20, 1979Date of Patent: November 18, 1980Assignee: AMP IncorporatedInventor: Thomas F. Davis
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Patent number: 4228200Abstract: A method for controlling the coating of wires, strips or the like, emerging from molten metal baths, involving subjecting the wire to a single stationary, alternating electromagnetic field generated by an electromagnetic device positioned at or below the point of emergence such that the point of emergence is always within the electromagnetic field. The frequency and/or current for generating the field may be adjustable, and the field generated by either parallel or transverse to the wire, strip or the like. The wire, strip or the like may pass through, or adjacent, the electromagnetic device. A neutral or reducing atmosphere may be provided within a chamber situated at the point of emergence and the point of emergence covered with particles inert to the environment. Alternatively the emergence area, may be covered by a confined or unconfined bed of oil charcoal.Type: GrantFiled: November 22, 1978Date of Patent: October 14, 1980Assignee: Australian Wire Industries Proprietary LimitedInventors: Anthony J. Sander, Jack P. Sciffer, Richard W. Whitton
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Patent number: 4221832Abstract: Metal strip, particularly steel strip, is heated above 300.degree. C. and immersed in a coating bath whose temperature is at least 80.degree. C. and which contains at least one metal salt, the strip being coated with a metal layer, e.g. Ni-based or Cr-based, by the coating bath.Type: GrantFiled: March 13, 1979Date of Patent: September 9, 1980Assignee: Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum voor Research in de MetallurgieInventors: Paulus Philippe, Leroy Vincent, Henri Graas
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Patent number: 4211824Abstract: The bond strength of composite articles of rubber adhered to ferrous metal substrates through an adhesive is substantially improved at ambient and elevated temperatures by depositing a specified amount of a layer of copper on said ferrous metal substrate, applying an adhesive thereover comprising an interpolymer containing about 50 to about 99% by weight of a conjugated diene, about 1-45% by weight of a heterocyclic base and 0 to about 40% by weight of at least one additional copolymerizable monomer, thereafter contacting said adhesive with the rubbber to be bonded and bonding by heat and pressure.Type: GrantFiled: March 21, 1978Date of Patent: July 8, 1980Assignee: Honny Chemicals Company, Ltd.Inventor: Shinichi Yoshida
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Patent number: 4207361Abstract: The surface of manganese alloys is protected from corrosion by directly exchanging the manganese on the surface of the alloy with a more noble metal, such as nickel, by intrinsic voltaic couple deposition. The invention finds particular utility in protecting manganese alloys from corrosion when used as a thermostat metal.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 1978Date of Patent: June 10, 1980Assignee: Hood & Company, Inc.Inventor: Anthony J. Izbicki
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Patent number: 4206264Abstract: A fastener and method of manufacturing fasteners is disclosed including coating the fastener with a cured, oil-free polyester coating, the cured polyester coating comprising the reaction product of one or more polyols selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, 1,2 hexanediol, 1,3 butenediol, and mixtures thereof; one or more dibasic organic acids selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, and mixtures thereof; and an aminoplast cross-linking agent selected from the group consisting of melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, hexahydroxymethyl melamine, and mixtures thereof.Type: GrantFiled: June 26, 1978Date of Patent: June 3, 1980Assignee: Duo-Fast CorporationInventor: Donald J. Kurr
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Patent number: 4194913Abstract: An aqueous bath useful in, and methods for, immersion plating of tin and tin-lead alloys which give greatly increased deposition rates and thicker coatings of better quality accomplished by incorporating into immersion plating tin bath compositions soluble plumbous salts in the amount from 0.5 grams per liter calculated on the basis of elemental lead to the maximum amount soluble in the bath and a sulphur-containing complexing agent for the tin and lead such as thiourea or a thiourea-type derivative; the bath solution contains stannous chloride, lead chloride, sodium hypophosphite (as a solubility enhancer) and with hydrochloric acid used as an agent for adjusting the pH in the resulting bath from 0.5 to 1.0.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 1977Date of Patent: March 25, 1980Assignee: AMP IncorporatedInventor: Thomas F. Davis
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Patent number: 4182638Abstract: The effective concentration of an electroactive ingredient of a coating solution is determined, and may be restored to a desired level, in response to deviations in the voltammetric current sensed at an indicating electrode comprised of a noble metal.Type: GrantFiled: June 24, 1977Date of Patent: January 8, 1980Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries LimitedInventor: Brian A. Cooke
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Patent number: 4171393Abstract: An improved method for the electroless plating of metals is accomplished by a sustainable direct metal-metal ion displacement reaction on porous metal surfaces. It is applicable whenever the plating metal is more electronegative than the porous metal surface on which it is to be plated. The porous metal must be a catalyst for the displacement reaction, and the pores of the porous metal surface must be large enough to enable plating solution to wet the internal surfaces of the pores and to enable cations of the porous metal to diffuse into the plating solution, but the pores must not be so large as to allow plating solution to circulate freely into them. The method comprises immersing an article having a porous metal surface in an alkaline aqueous solution containing cations of the plating metal. No chemical reducing agent for the metal cations is required in the plating bath.Type: GrantFiled: June 20, 1977Date of Patent: October 16, 1979Assignee: Eastman Kodak CompanyInventors: Samuel W. Donley, Peter N. Bacel
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Patent number: 4156040Abstract: A coagulation process for coating various substrates with organic resins which may be admixed with reactive or nonreactive particles. The process comprises (A) providing the substrate to be coated with a dry coagulating compound surface and (B) exposing said substrate to an aqueous bath comprising an organic film forming material, at least fifty (50) weight percent of which is a chemically ionizable organic film-former which (i) has at least 12 carbon atoms per molecule; (ii) is at least partially ionized such that it is substantially soluble in said aqueous bath; and (iii) coagulates in the presence of said coagulating compound.Type: GrantFiled: December 27, 1977Date of Patent: May 22, 1979Assignee: Ford Motor CompanyInventors: Robert A. Swider, Gordon G. Strosberg
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Patent number: 4155235Abstract: A method, and an apparatus for practicing the method, for producing heavy pure aluminum coatings on small diameter steel tubing are disclosed. The coating has an average thickness of 0.004 inch to 0.008 inch (100-200 .mu.m), to provide outstanding resistance to corrosion, and to maintain integrity in the face of abrasive action, and with coating ductility and adherence sufficient to permit double flaring. The method and apparatus are highly useful in the manufacture of Bundyweld tubing for automotive brake lines, and single wall tubing for refrigeration or air conditioner heat exchangers. Various surface preparations are disclosed; and after surface preparation the tube is uniformly heated to a carefully regulated peak temperature in a non-oxidizing high intensity direct fired furnace, followed by passing the tube vertically upward through a shallow pool of molten aluminum, whereby to cast on a thick coating, followed by "free exit" finishing, air quenching, and, if desired, redrawing.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 1977Date of Patent: May 22, 1979Assignee: Armco Steel CorporationInventors: Marvin B. Pierson, Charles Flinchum
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Patent number: 4144360Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the currentless catalytic precipitation of aluminum. The surface of insulating and conductive materials (substrates) to be aluminized is (1) catalyzed, while a film-forming moisture-insensitive layer is developed, with a compound active at the boundary surfaces, by a brief immersion in a dilute solution of (a) a modified ester or acylate of titanium, zirconium or vanadium, substituted at the metal atom with short- and long-chain organic radicals or (b), a chloride of the transition metals of the IV and V secondary group of the periodic system of the elements and a water-containing metal soap of a polyvalent metal, preferably aluminum soaps; (2) is intensively rinsed with aprotic solvents, preferably having a boiling point of over 100.degree. C.; and (3) is immersed in a 1 to 4% solution of trialkylaminalanes in a solvent mixture of aromatic and highly viscous aliphatic compounds. A homogeneous and strongly adhering aluminum coating is thereby obtained.Type: GrantFiled: August 1, 1977Date of Patent: March 13, 1979Assignee: Siemens AktiengesellschaftInventors: Siegfried Birkle, Richard Dotzer, Eva Rissel
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Patent number: 4138510Abstract: A valve metal anode, for electrolytical processes, having an electron-active covering layer, is prepared by anchoring electron-activating substances, counteracting passivation of the anode, in a sintered porous carrier layer of valve metal. The carrier layer which is sintered onto the cleaned valve metal base may consist of a powder of the same metal or of the crystallographically similar metal. The infusion of the active substances into the carrier layer can be accomplished by impregnating and drying or baking the active substances, by precipitating them from the vapor phase, galvanically, or from the gaseous phase. The active substances may also be ingredients of the sinter mixture.Type: GrantFiled: May 23, 1975Date of Patent: February 6, 1979Assignee: Firma C. ConradtyInventors: Konrad Koziol, Hans-Carl Rathjen, Karl-Heinz Sieberer
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Patent number: 4137347Abstract: A method for finishing molten metallic coatings applied to iron and steel strip by the use of an elongate, laminar flow fluid jet, which jet is used to control thickness and quality of the finished coating.The narrow dimension of the fluid jet is contoured across the strip width to produce the desired coating weight at all parts of the strip and to produce a coated strip edge free from excessively heavy coatings and/or oxide "berries.Type: GrantFiled: September 6, 1977Date of Patent: January 30, 1979Assignee: Armco Steel CorporationInventors: Hart F. Graff, John B. Kohler, Noel W. Parks, Marvin B. Pierson, Paul E. Schnedler, Richard E. Strait
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Patent number: 4128671Abstract: This invention relates to an instant silvering solution that does not require the use of applied electrical current for plating the surfaces of copper and copper-based metal electrical connections and contacts. It is particularly designed for the application to these copper and copper-based metal surfaces for the purposes of reducing electrical resistance and the resulting heating created, caused by the build-up of copper oxide on these surfaces.Type: GrantFiled: March 14, 1973Date of Patent: December 5, 1978Assignee: Reliance Electric CompanyInventor: Robert Suggs
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Patent number: 4123566Abstract: Electrically conducting components of sodium/sulfur batteries subject to the corrosive attack of the cell reactants are protected by aluminiding to provide a conductive, protective coating of a metal aluminide. The protective coating finds particular application in the metal conducting container forming the sulfur compartment, where the metal aluminide reacts with the sulfur and sodium polysulfide to form a protective, doped, aluminum sulfide coating, which is conductive due to the presence of the metal from the container.Type: GrantFiled: June 23, 1977Date of Patent: October 31, 1978Assignee: Electric Power Research Institute, Inc.Inventors: Debajyoti Chatterji, Robert R. Dubin
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Patent number: 4120994Abstract: A method of preparing a heat-transfer member having a porous metallic heat-transfer interface comprising the steps of:(a) disposing at least one surface of a substrate in contact with a solution containing a salt of a thermally conductive metal, and(b) depositing said metal from said solution upon said substrate so as to form a dendritic metallic layer thereon constituting said porous heat-transfer interface.Type: GrantFiled: March 7, 1975Date of Patent: October 17, 1978Assignee: Inoue-Japax Research IncorporatedInventor: Kiyoshi Inoue
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Patent number: 4073964Abstract: Metal layer thicknesses on articles during formation or degradation, as in electroless or electrolytic deposition or chemical etching, are measured and controlled by a process comprising determining the radiation scattering capacity of a corresponding metallic layer deposited on or removed from a test sample while the test sample is present in a bath solution during formation or degradation of the metal layer. Also provided is a novel immersible sensor for measuring the rate and thickness of metal layers being deposited or degraded.Type: GrantFiled: March 3, 1975Date of Patent: February 14, 1978Assignee: Kollmorgen Technologies CorporationInventor: Gunther Herrmann
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Patent number: 4046646Abstract: A method for coating a steel part wherein the steel part is introduced into an activation bath containing metal salts such as copper and silver salts which are nobler in potential than iron to deposit a layer of the nobler metal on the surface of the steel part. The part is then immersed in a galvanizing bath in which the part is coated with zinc. Preferably, the galvanized steel part is then electrophoretically enamelled.Type: GrantFiled: December 1, 1975Date of Patent: September 6, 1977Assignee: Miele & CieInventors: Heinrich Warnke, Friedel Kaup
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Patent number: 4042731Abstract: A process which involves galvanizing with a galvanizing flux consisting essentially of a fluxing material selected from zinc ammonium chloride double salt and a mixture of zinc chloride and ammonium chloride and, as a foaming agent, sorbitol by dipping a metal article into a molten bath of zinc covered by said flux.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 1975Date of Patent: August 16, 1977Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventor: Dong Myung Chay
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Patent number: 4026710Abstract: A coating composition for application to a metal substrate can desirably contain CrO.sub.3 and zinc flake in aqueous medium, as well as containing organic liquid. Such compositions will provide a corrosion and alkali resistant coating to the metal. The zinc flake can be mechanically flattened from non-flake starting material, in a liquid medium that includes organic liquid for the coating composition. Efficiency of compositional preparation initiating with flake preparation is thereby achieved.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 1975Date of Patent: May 31, 1977Assignee: Diamond Shamrock CorporationInventor: Alexander W. Kennedy
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Patent number: 4027055Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel immersion tin bath composition and a novel and improved method of depositing a smooth, even, metallic tin coating over metallic surfaces, providing improved solderability.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 1975Date of Patent: May 31, 1977Assignee: Photocircuits Division of Kollmorgan CorporationInventor: Frederick W. Schneble, Jr.
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Patent number: 4018942Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the manufacture of a superconductor with a layer of the A-15 phase of the system Nb--Al or Nb--Al--Ge. According to the invention, a niobium carrier is provided with a 0.5 to 5 .mu.m thick layer consisting of NbAl.sub.3 and Al or of Nb(Al,Ge).sub.3, respectively, by being placed in an aluminum melt which is saturated with niobium or niobium and germanium, respectively, and is heated to 800.degree. to 1400.degree. C, and the niobium carrier provided with this layer is then annealed in an inert atmosphere for 0.5 to 5 seconds at a temperature of 1700.degree. to 1960.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 1974Date of Patent: April 19, 1977Assignee: Siemens AktiengesellschaftInventors: Alfred Muller, Arno Fink
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Patent number: 4018628Abstract: The invention allows one to obtain a strongly adherent dark grey to black coating, with good corrosion resistance, on aluminium and its alloys. The degreased aluminum is pre-treated in an aqueous solution containing at least one salt of a metal which is less electronegative than aluminium. It is then colored in another aqueous solution containing molybdate ions and at least one fluorine compound and/or a heavy metal chloride, and/or an organic chlorine compound with active chlorine atoms.Type: GrantFiled: October 17, 1975Date of Patent: April 19, 1977Assignee: Swiss Aluminium Ltd.Inventor: Jean Francois Paulet
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Patent number: 4008520Abstract: A contact member for high electrical loads has a plurality of component parts. One of these parts is made of a non-welding material resistant to burn-off and another part is made of a solderable material having electrically conductive properties. The material of each of the parts is configured as a porous skeleton structure. The parts are disposed next to each other and an impregnating metal impregnates both of the parts to preclude the occurrence of a boundary layer at the interface of the parts.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 1975Date of Patent: February 22, 1977Assignee: Siemens AktiengesellschaftInventors: Bernhard Rothkegel, Horst Schreiner
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Patent number: 4008102Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the manufacture of a superconductor with a layer of the A-15 phase of the system Nb-Al-Si. According to the invention, a niobium carrier is provided with a layer about 0.5 to 5 .mu.m thick consisting of Nb.sub.3 (Al,Si), aluminum and silicon by placing it in an aluminum melt which contains up to 10 atomic percent of silicon and a small amount of niobium and is heated to 850.degree. to 1300.degree. C, and then the niobium carrier provided with this layer is annealed in an inert atmosphere for at least 0.5 seconds to form the layer of the A-15 phase.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 1974Date of Patent: February 15, 1977Assignee: Siemens AktiengesellschaftInventors: Alfred Muller, Arno Fink
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Patent number: 4005991Abstract: A metal casting made of a steel plate and an aluminum material mechanically interlocked with the steel plate. The metal casting has a resistance to wear, impact and/or elevated temperature, or has other required or desired characteristics such as good heat conductivity. In order to increase the bonding strength or shear strength, the steel plate is formed with a plurality of teeth each raised up from the steel plate and having a number of surface irregularities and the molten aluminum material penetrates into the primary interstices defined by the spaces between the teeth and the irregular interstices defined by the surface irregularities on each of the teeth.Type: GrantFiled: October 16, 1975Date of Patent: February 1, 1977Assignee: Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd.Inventors: Yositaka Uebayasi, Hiroshi Kumon, Michinobu Yamada, Yoshikazu Oe
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Patent number: 4002782Abstract: The process of providing protective coatings of refractory metals and alloys on to any metallic base such as: iron, aluminum, chromium, cobalt, copper, nickel, magnesium, tin, titanium, or on to any metallic alloy base such as: steels, cast irons, brasses, bronzes, and solders at temperatures as low as ambient or below, including selecting an electrolyte material capable of dissociation into ions, such that at 25.degree. C the equivalent conductance of 0.1 normal solution of electrolyte divided by that of the electrolyte solution at infinite dilution is between 0.13 and 0.93, providing a particulate refractory metal having a melting point of at least 1490.degree. C, to be deposited within the near-surface region of the base metal, admixing 99 to 50 percent by weight of said refractory metal and 1 to 50 percent by weight of said electrolyte, the refractory metal having a nascent surface capable of producing ions in solution, ionizing said refractory metal to a concentration of about 1 to 20,000 mg.Type: GrantFiled: November 1, 1974Date of Patent: January 11, 1977Assignee: Warner-LondonInventors: Joshua B. Warner, James S. Wolf
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Patent number: 4001461Abstract: A method of producing electrode units for plasmatrons, according to which a direct-current arc is struck between a tungsten electrode and a melt, so that the electrode acts as a cathode, prior to dipping the electrode into the molten metal, intended e.g. for an electrode holder. Then the electrode is dipped into the melt, and the arc is extinguished.Type: GrantFiled: March 30, 1973Date of Patent: January 4, 1977Inventor: David Grigorievich Bykhovsky
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Patent number: 3995679Abstract: Apparatus for and method of continuously casting metals by passing a metal core member through a container of molten metal, and thereby accreting and solidifying molten metal on the core member. The invention comprises providing venting means in the apparatus, and method steps for venting gas from portions of the container of molten metal.Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 1974Date of Patent: December 7, 1976Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Joseph Bernard Brinkmann, Joseph Edward Byrnes
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Patent number: 3993801Abstract: Improved processes and systems are described for the reception of electroless plating of non-metallic substrates, the processes comprising forming a coating of metal ions onto the non-metallic substrate, immersing the coated substrate in a developer solution containing ions selected from nickel, cobalt and copper ions and mixtures thereof and a reducing agent, and thereafter immersing the substrate in conventional electroless plating baths, e.g., nickel or cobalt-hypophosphite baths or a copper-formaldehyde bath.Type: GrantFiled: February 18, 1975Date of Patent: November 23, 1976Assignee: Surface Technology, Inc.Inventor: Nathan Feldstein
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Patent number: 3988517Abstract: A gas knife process for controlling the thickness profile of hot-dip aluminum coatings, employs a hybrid gas knife design incorporating both a "curved-lip" with a "bow-tie" orifice. This design, in combination with very close knife to strip distance at the strip edges, was found to provide desirable coating profiles. Best results are obtained with knife deflections of 5.degree. to 30.degree. below the horizontal while utilizing orifice pressures of 15 to 70 mm of Hg at line speeds of 20 to 150 m/min.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 1975Date of Patent: October 26, 1976Assignee: United States Steel CorporationInventors: Ralph W. Leonard, George R. Taylor
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Patent number: 3988518Abstract: A long metal lead frame strip is wound onto a reel with a plastic ribbon interleaved therein to separate adjacent turns of the strip on the reel. The reel is subsequently submersed in an immersion plating solution. Metal ions of the plating solution displace metal atoms at the surface of the strip to form a uniformly thick plating thereon, even in areas that are contacted by the spacing ribbon.Type: GrantFiled: August 15, 1975Date of Patent: October 26, 1976Assignee: Sprague Electric CompanyInventor: N. Christian McGrath
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Patent number: 3983615Abstract: Sliding seal member for an internal combustion engine constituted by a sintered material comprising a compacted body of eutectic alloy particles and 4.0 to 6.0 weight percent of phosphor, 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of carbon and the balance of iron, a suitable binding metal being infiltrated in the compacted body and the amount of the binder being 10 to 30 volume percent of the sealing member.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 1974Date of Patent: October 5, 1976Assignee: Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd.Inventor: Tsuyoshi Morishita
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Patent number: 3982055Abstract: A method for preparing aluminum or aluminum alloy bodies to receive an electrically deposited surface coating is disclosed. The method includes degreasing the body, if necessary, etch cleaning and zinc coating the body, washing and drying the etch cleaned and zinc-coated body, etching the dried body in 40.degree. Baume nitric acid or, when the body is an alloy of aluminum containing as much as about 2 percent of silicon, in 40.degree. Baume nitric acid which also contains from 11/2 to 3 percent of ammonium bifluoride, washing the etched body in cold running water, zincating the washed body and washing the zincated body in cold running water. The baths used in the various steps of the method of the invention and the times and temperatures used, are set forth in the following Table wherein percentages are by weight:______________________________________ TEMPERA- TIME STEP BATH TURE OF STEP ______________________________________ Etch cleaning Aqueous sodium hydroxide, 170-190.degree.F. 5-10 and zinc- 1.3 to 2.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 1974Date of Patent: September 21, 1976Assignee: Eltra CorporationInventor: Addison M. Howard
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Patent number: 3977073Abstract: The method of providing a corrosion-resistant coating on the aluminum sheath of an electric immersion heater, comprising the steps of treating the sheath with a nitric acid solution to put a uniform layer of oxide on the exterior sheath surface, then treating the sheath with a caustic tin-bearing solution to strip all oxide from said exterior surface and replace it with a uniform layer of tin, then depositing a uniform layer of bronze over the tin layer, and finally depositing a layer of tin over the bronze coating.Type: GrantFiled: August 11, 1975Date of Patent: August 31, 1976Assignee: Emerson Electric Co.Inventor: Robert D. Shirey
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Patent number: 3973061Abstract: A composition of matter comprising a mass of ferrous scrap pieces compressed together in random orientation forming a network of interlocking pieces has been prepared. The ferrous metal network has a density of 1.2 to 4.0 g/cc, a porosity of 50% to 85% and a short transverse tensile strength (S.T.T.S.) of at least 2 psi, preferably at least 2.5 psi.This ferrous metal network may be impregnated with magnesium in amount from 18 to 55% by weight of the impregnated body. The magnesium impregnated body is useful for treating high melting metals such as ferrous metal to reduce the sulphur content or to produce nodular iron.Type: GrantFiled: March 25, 1975Date of Patent: August 3, 1976Assignee: NL Industries, Inc.Inventors: Jairaj Easwaran, George S. Foerster
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Patent number: 3959035Abstract: The crazing resistance of hot-dip aluminum coatings is enhanced by heat-treating the coated strip at a temperature of about 500.degree. - 1000.degree.F for a period of at least 10 minutes. At the lower end of the temperature range, a period substantially in excess of 5 hours is required. This heat treatment may be effected by retarding the cooling of the coated strip after its emergence from the molten aluminum bath, or the strip may first be cooled as in conventional practice and then reheated to the requisite temperature range.Type: GrantFiled: October 9, 1973Date of Patent: May 25, 1976Assignee: United States Steel CorporationInventor: John M. Sheehan
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Patent number: 3956537Abstract: A method and means of continuously applying molten coating metal, as in galvanising of tubes or members passing through the galvanising bath in a straight line. The molten metal in a reservoir is discharged onto the tube or rod; flow around the tube or rod is controlled by a splash tube. A coating of desired thickness is attained by use of a cooperating die and air knife.Type: GrantFiled: April 22, 1974Date of Patent: May 11, 1976Inventor: Anthony John Raymond
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Patent number: 3938468Abstract: This application discloses "wiping" of a liquid, molten zinc, for example, across the surface of a strip to which it adheres. A wiping fluid, such as steam, is directed from an orifice at the strip. A valve, preferably an elongated relieved bar is positioned adjacent and behind the orifice, and flow of wiping fluid is controlled by rotation of an elongated valve in the form of a relieved bar or cam.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 1970Date of Patent: February 17, 1976Assignee: Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel CorporationInventor: James B. Kirschner
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Patent number: 3937858Abstract: Aluminum or an aluminum alloy is plated on a metallic substrate from a bath of molten aluminum or aluminum alloy containing 0.005 to 1.0% (preferably 0.01 to 0.5%) strontium and/or 0.01 to 5.0% antimony. The metal substrate is preferably iron, steel, or a noniron metal such as copper, titanium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, tantalum, tungsten, vanadium or zirconium. The bath may also contain 1.0 to 15.0% by weight silicon and 0.005 to 1.0% beryllium.Type: GrantFiled: February 13, 1974Date of Patent: February 10, 1976Assignee: Metallgesellschaft AktiengesellschaftInventor: Wolfgang Thiele
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Patent number: RE28820Abstract: A method of making an electrode for use in an electrolytic process. The electrode has a core of a film-forming metal and a layer having at least a part of the outside portion of the thickness thereof of an electrolyte resistant and electrolysis product resistant material, which material contains as the material effective for carrying out electrolysis at least one oxide of at least one platinum metal taken from the group consisting of platinum, iridium, rhodium palladium, ruthenium and osmium. The method comprises forming the platinum metal on the core and then oxidizing it, forming the oxide and then applying it to the core, or forming the oxide directly on the core, for example, by heating a solution of a salt of the metal or electrolysis.Type: GrantFiled: August 5, 1975Date of Patent: May 18, 1976Assignee: Chemnor CorporationInventor: Henri Bernard Beer
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Patent number: RE29093Abstract: A process is provided for tabletting spherical dental amalgam alloy. The process comprises treating the particles of spherical alloy by contacting them with a hydrochloric acid solution of cupric chloride, separating the acidic cupric chloride solution from the spherical alloy particles, washing the spherical alloy particles with water, drying the spherical alloy particles to remove residual water and then compacting the treated spherical alloy particles into a solid form such as a tablet.Type: GrantFiled: April 12, 1976Date of Patent: December 28, 1976Assignee: Pennwalt CorporationInventor: Charles Francis Burns