Abstract: An inversion casting device with a crystallizer which has a slit-shaped passage for guiding a substrate strip, this passage being arranged in the base and provided with a seal, and which communicates with a melt feed. A collecting tank is provided which passes horizontally about the crystallizer vessel so that the collecting tank communicates with nozzles (23) arranged in the region of the passage. The nozzle orifices are so arranged that the melt flowing out strikes the substrate strip at a flat angle of inclination .alpha. in the strip take-off direction.

Abstract: When a hot-dip zinc plating layer, which contains Al, is applied on rimmed steel having an Si level of less than 0.05% by weight or less, by the two-stage plating method, appearance failure can be prevented by setting the plating conditions as follows: in a first zinc bath consisting of zinc of 99.7% purity or more or in a second zinc bath which consists of zinc with 99.7% purity by weight or more and 0.05% or less of Al at a temperature of from more than 460.degree. C. to 490.degree. C. and for a dipping time of from 1 minute to 1.5 minutes; and, in a second zinc bath consisting of zinc of 99.7% purity by weight and from 2 to 10% by weight or less of Al at a temperature of from 400.degree. C. to less than 430.degree. C. and for a dipping time of from 0.5 minute to 1.5 minutes. This plating condition provides a plating structure that the Zn, Fe and Al are present in the essentially entire portion of the plating layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for plating nickel onto metal substrates. The method broadly comprises the steps of passing the metal substrate to be plated through a dilute organic acid bath solution to remove contaminants and other deleterious materials, agitating the bath solution as the metal substrate passes therethrough, and thereafter electrolessly plating nickel on the surfaces of the metal substrate. The method of the present invention may be used to nickel plate substrates formed from steel, copper and aluminum.

Abstract: A hot dip coating apparatus and method for coating a continuous steel strip, wire, or like continuous member with zinc, aluminum, tin, lead, or alloys of each. A molten coating bath is contained in a vessel having a bottom opening upwardly through which the steel member is directed. Magnetic containment devices located below the vessel's bottom opening prevent the escape of molten metal from the vessel through the opening. There are no guide rolls, or other rolls that act on the continuous steel member, in the bath.

Abstract: A hot-dipped aluminum coated steel sheet including, on the surface thereof, a coating layer consisting of 2 to 15 wt % of Si, not greater than 1.2 wt % of Fe, 0.005 to 0.6 wt % of Mn, 0.002 to 0.05 wt % of Cr and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, and an alloy layer disposed between the coating layer and the steel sheet, having a thickness of not greater than 7 .mu.m and having a mean composition consisting of 20 to 50 wt % of Fe, 3 to 20 wt % of Si, 0.1 to 10 wt % of Mn, 0.05 to 1.0 wt % of Cr and the balance substantially consisting of Al. This steel sheet can be produced by conducting coating in a coating bath consisting of 3 to 15 wt % of Si, 0.5 to 3.5 wt % of Fe, 0.05 to 1.5 wt % of Mn, 0.01 to 0.2 wt % of Cr and the balance substantially consisting of Al, or by adjusting the sum of the concentrations of Zn and Sn in the impurities in the coating layer to not greater than 1 wt %.

Abstract: A method of depositing noble metals on surfaces or matrices to manufacture industrial catalysts that can be used in a variety of applications. Such deposition of noble metals can be achieved by treating the surfaces in high-temperature (150.degree. C. or higher) water containing dissolved noble metal ions or its colloidal suspensions. The method consists of the steps of placing the surface of a metal substrate in contact with a volume filled with high-temperature water; injecting a solution of a noble metal compound into the volume for a predetermined duration; and removing the surface of the metal substrate from contact with the high-temperature water after expiration of said predetermined duration. The noble metal compound has the property that it releases species of the noble metal in high-temperature water. These noble metal species deposit on or incorporate in the oxide film on the surface of the metal substrate.

Abstract: Metal hydrides are activated by an electrochemical procedure. In this procedure, a bulk sample of the corresponding metal is immersed in an aqueous electrolyte and contacted by a cathode. Current passed through the aqueous electrolyte causes electrolysis of the water and a concomitant reaction with the formation of metal hydride. As a result, the metal hydride is fractured and smaller particles result. Additionally, the resulting metal hydride has a substantial amount of absorbed hydrogen. A novel plating method, taking advantage of the reducing power of hydrogen absorbed in a metal hydride, is useful to encapsulate such metal hydride with a variety of metals. Therefore, such hydrides are uniformly coated by using plating solutions without the standard reducing agent and stabilizer.

Abstract: A method for adding pulverulent metal to mechanical plating processes occurring within an agitating container in which the parts to be plated are tumbled with an impact media and a pulverulent coating metal. The pulverulent material is introduced into the parts' container in a thick slurry capable of maintaining the pulverulent metal in suspension. The introduction of the metal into the plating container by the slurry produces a more uniform dispersion of the metal within the container than previous metal introducing practices. The slurry, itself, may include additives other than thickeners to improve the coating process.

Abstract: In a process for the electroless plating of nickel onto a substrate made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, an aqueous acidic solution containing as an essential component a palladium salt is used as an activator of the substrate prior to the nickel plating of the substrate. The activating solution contains a palladium salt, an alkali metal fluoride or hydrofluoric acid, a carboxylic acid complexing agent, an alkali metal salt of gluconic acid, an iron salt, a nickel salt, and deionized water.

Abstract: A plated vehicle wheel having non-plated tire bead seats and a process for forming same. The process includes masking a portion of the tire bead seats before plating the wheel. The process also includes forming the tire bead seats with an oversized diameter. Following plating, the tire bead seats are machined to a final diameter. The process can further include thermally depositing a layer of a ceramic material over a portion of the tire bead seat surface. The plating does not adhere to the ceramic material.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a high-activity cermet electrode which is applied on an exhaust gas sensor including an oxygen ion conducting solid electrolyte, which is composed of a cermet material composed of at least one catalytically active material and at least one oxygen ion conducting ceramic material, which is bonded to the solid electrolyte of the exhaust sensor by co-sintering the cermet electrode and the solid electrolyte at a temperature ranging from 1300.degree. to 1600.degree. C. to provide a porous cermet electrode, and which contains at least one further catalytically active material which is embedded in the pores of the porous cermet electrode after co-sintering, the method including bonding together an unsintered solid electrolyte which conducts oxygen ions and a cermet electrode by co-sintering at from 1300.degree. to 1600.degree. C. to provide a porous cermet electrode; and subsequently introducing at least one further catalytically active material into pores of the porous cermet electrode.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant metal strip and method for making the same which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the metal strip is a two-phase metallic coating comprised of tin and zinc and a very low weight percentage of lead. The coating alloy may also include antimony, bismuth and copper to improve the coating process and/or improve the properties of the tin and zinc coating. A metal layer may also applied to the surface of the metal strip prior to applying the metallic alloy coating.

Abstract: A method of forming a superconducting joint between the Nb.sub.3 Sn layer of a superconducting tape and a superconducting NbTi wire through use of a Pb-Bi bath, joint securing arrangement and mold around the joint.

Abstract: Solder is applied to a circuit structure 7 by dipping the structure into a bath 1 of molten solder 3, the molten solder having a layer of oil 5 on top. The structure is dipped into the bath by rotating it along a path that is substantially coplanar with the circuit structure. This is achieved by supporting the structure on a carrier 9 which in turn is attached to a motor shaft 11.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing a sheet-like electric cell plate and an electrochemical cell produced by using the plate. The sheet-like electric cell plate is produced by a method which comprises discharging an electrode material coating solution from an extrusion-type slot die and coating the solution onto an electrically-conductive support running around a backup roll. The electrochemical cell comprises a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, both of which plates are produced by the above method, and an electrolyte.

Abstract: Nb--Sn precursor articles are described that include a Nb alloy article that is at least partially coated with a layer of a Sn alloy, such as a Sn--Cu alloy. The precursor articles described herein have a controlled concentration of the impurity elements As and S in the Sn alloy layer. The concentration of these elements in the Sn alloy layer is less than or equal to 50 ppm by weight. This invention also describes a method for making Nb--Sn precursor articles having a controlled concentration of As and S impurities.

Abstract: The protection against black and white rust on zinciferous surfaces by a conventional chromating treatment is improved by drying into place on the zinciferous surface before chromating a pre-treatment composition that contains hexavalent chromium ion plus one or more salts of nickel and cobalt, in an amount to produce an add-on of 0.5 to 100 mg/m.sup.2 of metal.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant metal strip and method for making the same which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the metal strip is a metallic coating comprised of tin and a very low weight percentage of lead. The coating alloy may also include antimony, bismuth, copper, zinc to improve the coating process and/or improve the properties of the tin coating. A metal layer may also applied to the surface of the metal strip prior to applying the metallic alloy coating.

Abstract: A method is provided for creating gated filament structures for a field emission display. A multi-layer structure is provided that includes a substrate, an insulating layer, a metal gate layer positioned on a top surface of the insulating layer and a gate encapsulation layer positioned on a top surface of the metal gate layer. A plurality of gates are provided and define a plurality of apertures on the top of the insulating layer. A plurality of spacers are formed in the apertures at their edges on the top surface of the insulating layer. The spacers are used as masks for etching the insulating layer and form a plurality of pores in the insulating layer. The pores are plated with a filament material to create a plurality of filaments. The pores can be overplated to create the plurality of filaments. The filaments are vertically self-aligned in the pores.

Abstract: A coating apparatus and method for applying a coating to a workpiece, comprising:a vessel to contain molten metal;an induction coil disposed about said vessel; and,temperature regulation means;wherein, in use, said induction coil induces a magnetic field within said vessel such that a meniscus of molten metal is formed above said vessel, through which said workpiece is passed for coating, whilst said temperature regulation means regulates temperature of said molten metal and/or controls the meniscus height of said meniscus.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a tin-coated surface of rolled copper strips or copper-alloy strips, wherein a strip surface is mechanically treated using a textured working roll to adjust a texture on said strip surface of an average peak-to-valley height within the range of 3 to 12 .mu.m and the textured strip surface is then continuously coated with tin or a tin-base alloy.

Abstract: A method of delivering a substance into a material mass including the steps of measuring a quantity of a carrier fluid and a material to be delivered, mixing the carrier fluid and the material to be delivered, and subjecting the mixture to a magnetic influence for increasing a permeability and effectiveness thereof by affecting the organization of the molecules of the mixture. Finally the mixture is introduced to the material mass for penetrating therein and direct, substantial absorbing of the mixture by the material mass.

Abstract: Alloy coating composition that is Al 55% by weight, Zn 43.4% by weight, Si 1.6% by weight, comprising addition of Ti to said composition at a concentration of 0.0001-0.5% by weight of said composition. Ti-Al alloy is melted preliminary in a premelt pot (2), and it, thus Ti, is introduced into the bath of coating pot (1). Then a steel plate is passed through the coating pot (1); and thus, the surface of the steel plate is treated with Ti which stifles growth of spangle particles.

Abstract: Described is an aqueous electroless alkaline pH tin coating composition comprised of a source of tin ions and an effective amount of a sludge control agent that is an organic chelating composition.

Abstract: A process for the fabrication of a rapidly solidified foil laminate composite. An amorphous metallic glass foil is flux treated and coated with solder. Before solidification of the solder the foil is collected on a take-up spool which forms the composite into a solid annular configuration. The resulting composite exhibits high strength, resiliency and favorable magnetic and electrical properties associated with amorphous materials. The composite also exhibits bonding strength between the foil layers which significantly exceeds the bulk strength of the solder alone.

Abstract: A chromium aluminum and/or silicon diffusion coating is applied to a high temperature substrate such as a boiler tube by induction heating at a predetermined frequency of a known coating preparation such as pack cementation of the coating on the substrate to provide an improved coating of predetermined thickness with increased corrosion resistance.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for forming a zinc-base alloy coating on an aluminum alloy profile, such as a tube or microtube used in the assembling and brazing of a heat exchanger which is suitable for automotive applications. The process of the present invention is a continuous, high speed coating technique which can utilize aluminum alloy profiles on which an aluminum oxide layer is present. Accordingly, the present invention encompasses an operation by which the aluminum oxide layer is removed so as to enable the zinc-base alloy to metallurgically adhere to the surface of the aluminum alloy profile. The process of this invention also is capable of closely controlling the thickness of the zinc-base alloy coating, such that a sufficient but minimal amount of coating is present to furnish corrosion protection as well as provide sufficient filler metal for a subsequent soldering or low temperature brazing operation.

Abstract: This continuous galvanizing method and apparatus passes a linear element to be galvanized, e.g., wire, rod, or tube, through a surrounding, relatively short length of conduit which is attached as a cross-tee to the end of a delivery pipe rising from a centrifugal pump submerged in a vat of molten zinc, and continuously flooded with liquid zinc to coat the linear element. The zinc flowing from the open ends of the conduit, and falling as excess from the element being coated, drops back into the vat for recirculation. The vat is covered to provide a substantially closed operating space above the pool of molten zinc to enable the coating to take place in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: Printed circuit board having excellent peel strength and conductance resistance is provided with a substrate, a resin insulating layer formed thereon and roughened at its surface, and a conductor formed thereon, in which at least a portion of the conductor is composed of an eutectic metal layer.

Abstract: Solder is applied to a circuit board 7 by dipping the board into a bath 1 of molten solder 3, the molten solder having a layer of oil 5 on top. The board is dipped into the bath by rotating it along a path that is substantially coplanar with the circuit board. This is achieved by supporting the board on a carrier 9 which in turn is attached to a motor shaft 11.

Abstract: Various metal coatings have been used for many years to inhibit oxidation of metals exposed to the natural elements of the atmosphere over a period of time. Terne alloy coatings which normally contain about 20% tin and about 80% lead are some of the most popular metal coating treatments to resist corrosion. The special formulation of the present invention reformulates the terne coating to constitute a tin and lead based coating where tin constitutes at least 90% of the terne and lead amounts to less than 0.1% and preferably less than 0.05% of the terne. The low lead terne coating may also include antimony and bismuth to provide strength and hardness to the low lead terne formulation having corrosion resistive qualities similar to that of standard terne coating formulations.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a process for manufacturing galvannealed steel sheets exhibiting excellent anti-powdering property when press formed, and uniform frictional properties in a coil. A steel strip is galvanized in a bath having a low aluminum content after entering it at a high temperature as defined in relation to the aluminum content of the both, so that the formation of a .zeta. phase may be promoted. Then, the strip is heated for alloying in a high-frequency induction heating furnace so as to have a temperature not exceeding 495.degree. C. when leaving the furnace to yield a plated steel strip having a coating containing a uniformly distributed .zeta. phase. After such heat treatment and cooling, the strip can be plated with an iron or iron-alloy top coating having an iron content of at least 50% and a coating weight of at least 1 g/m.sup.2 to achieve an improved press formability.

Abstract: A body of carbonaceous or other material for use in corrosive environments such as oxidising media or gaseous or liquid corrosive agents at elevated temperatures, in particular in molten salts such as cryolite, is coated with a protective surface coating which improves the resistance of the body to oxidation or corrosion and which may also enhance the bodies electrical conductivity and/or its electrochemical activity. The protective coating is applied in one or more layers from a colloidal slurry containing reactant or non-reactant substances, or a mixture of reactant and non-reactant substances, in particular mixtures containing silicon carbide and molybdenum silicide or silicon carbide and silicon nitride, which when the body is heated to a sufficient elevated temperature reaction sinter as a result of micropyretic reaction and/or sinter without reaction to form the protective coating.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for coating elongated metallic matal, particularly strip or wire, with multiple layers by applying different layers of metallic coating materials while the material to be coated travels continuously through an installation having a plurality of dip baths of molten coating materials which are arranged one after the other.In order to produce new corrosion-resistant coatings with improved properties and improved surfaces, the invention provides that the elongated metallic material is guided in a straight line through the installation so as to be regulated in temperature via the adjustable bath temperatures of the different molten coating materials. The device used for this purpose is characterized by a plurality of treatment tanks (4a, 4b) arranged in series and having through-ducts (12) for the elongated metallic material (B) below the surface (h) of the dip bath, the through-ducts (12) being closed by magnetohydrodynamic seals (13).

Abstract: A system for casting straps and terminals on lugs of storage batteries includes a loading station including means for receiving at least one non-metallic battery case having a plurality of plates and separators partially inserted in the case with lugs extending out of the case. Clamping structure holds the battery case in position and includes metallic structure for overlying edges of the case to insulate the edges of the battery case from heat. Means rotates the receiving means to position the lugs in a downward substantially vertical direction. Included is a casting mold for receiving molten lead. Transportation means moves the receiving means over the casting molds and lower the lugs into the casting mold. Following the setting of the lead, the receiving means is transported to an un-loading station where the battery case is removed from the receiving means. The casting mold includes a vent for letting air from the mold as molten lead is added to the mold.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuous galvanizing of a linear element wherein controlled flow of molten zinc onto the linear element is effected through one or more nozzles, whereby galvanizing may be accomplished without immersion of the linear element in molten zinc. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus of the invention comprises an annular nozzle having a central opening through which the linear element is axially advanced. The nozzle is configured to provide a converging, generally frustoconical curtain of molten zinc flowing continuously onto the exterior surface of the linear element.

Abstract: An Al-Zn-Si base alloy coat including an Al-Zn-Si-Fe alloy layer which has remarkable high corrosion resistance is formed on an article. A ferrous base material is used as the article to provide Fe to the alloy layer. The alloy layer of the present invention consists of 55 to 65 wt % of Al, 25 to 35 wt % of Zn, 5 to 10 wt % of Fe, and 2 to 4 wt % of Si, and also has a cross sectional area of 15 to 90% of the entire cross sectional area of the alloy coat. A process for forming the alloy coat of the present invention comprises the step of dipping the article into a molten bath of Zn to form, on the article, an undercoat which results from a reaction between Fe of the article and Zn in the molten bath, and then dipping the undercoat into an alloy molten bath of Al, Zn and Si to form the alloy coat of the present invention on the undercoat.

Abstract: A method for making triniobium tin foil is disclosed where the niobium-based foil with an oxide layer is passed continuously at a set speed into an enclosed chamber. The enclosed chamber has an inert atmosphere which is substantially oxygen free. Upon entering the chamber, the foil passes through a decomposition anneal furnace, a low temperature tin dip, and then a high temperature reaction anneal furnace before exiting the chamber as triniobium tin foil.

Abstract: A method for preparing aluminum and aluminum alloys includes the step of simultaneously honing the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy in a zincating solution. The honing removes the aluminum oxide layer from the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy work piece while the zincating solution deposits a layer of zinc on its surface. The zincate-honing may be followed by electroplating.

Abstract: A substrate for a magnetic disk having minute semi-spherical raised portions formed over the entire surface by a non-electrolytic plating process, an electrolytic plating process or plating nuclei containing palladium, gold, silver, or copper. The substrate is obtained by comprising steps of forming a Ni--P intermediate layer by Ni--P plating on an aluminum substrate, finishing the Ni--P intermediate layer, dipping the substrate in a plating solution to effect palladium plating to form a Pd plating layer and forming a Ni--P plating layer to form minute semi-spherical raised portions over an entire surface of the Pd plating layer.

Abstract: An agricultural sweep for being attached to a tractor for pulling the agricultural sweep across the ground. The agricultural sweep incudes a ground engaging portion having a cutting edge for cutting through the ground as the sweep is pulled across the ground; a stem portion for attaching the ground engaging portion to a tractor; and an extended wear portion applied to the stem portion for rendering the stem portion resistant to abrasion.

Abstract: Steel alloys containing chromium may be hot dip aluminized in a bath having up to 15% silicon with improved wettability by using a bright preannealing practice in a box furnace having a substantially pure hydrogen atmosphere. The surfaces of the preannealed steel are easily coated if the box annealing furnace has a dew point of less than -60.degree. C. (-75.degree. F.). The preannealing should also include a minimum soak of at least 1 hour at a temperature of 675.degree. C. to 785.degree. C. (1250.degree. F. to 1450.degree. F.). It is important that the surfaces of the strip after preannealing are not removed prior to aluminizing. During the aluminizing operation, the strip temperature does not need to be heated to much above the bath temperature since the strip has already been preannealed. The furnace is maintained to avoid oxidation with an atmosphere which is typically a nitrogen, hydrogen or a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture.

Abstract: A method for making a composite aluminum article comprises the steps of electrochemically or chemically adsorbing fine particles of a polytetrafluoroethylene to the surface of a hard anodic oxide film of an aluminum material or an aluminum alloy material, and drying the aluminum material or the aluminum alloy material. Thereafter, the aluminum material or the aluminum alloy material and an opposite member which slides along the aluminum material or the aluminum alloy material are rubbed together, and a lubricating film is thereby formed.

Abstract: A thick layer of electrode material paint is formed on a flat surface. A film of the electrode material paint is formed on an element by dipping the element into the layer. In the next step, a thinner layer of the electrode material paint than the aforementioned layer is formed on a flat surface. Into the thinner layer of the electrode material paint, the film of the electrode material paint formed on the element is dipped. Alternatively, the element may first be dipped into a thinner layer of the electrode material paint so that a thin film of the electrode material paint is formed on the element. The film formed on the element is then dipped into a thick layer of the electrode material paint and then again into a thin layer of the electrode material paint in such order. By firing the film of the electrode material paint obtained in this manner, an electronic element having external electrodes of a uniform thickness can be obtained.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy material having a surface suitable for zinc phosphate processing prepared by a process comprising the steps of (1) cleaning the aluminum alloy surface, and (2) forming a composite film layer comprising Zn metal, Ni or Mn metal, and silicon oxide on the surface of the aluminum alloy.

Abstract: A surface-treated metal sheet which excels in workability, electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance has a metal sheet which has been plated as required, a chromate layer as a first layer formed on at least one side of the metal sheet, with a deposition amount of about 5 to 200 mg/m.sup.2 as calculated on the basis of Cr, and a second layer formed on the first layer from organic lubricant particles, with a deposition amount of from about 5 to 1000 mg/m.sup.2, such that the area coated by the organic lubricant particles to the entire area of the metal sheet surface is below about 50%. The second layer is preferably applied with a roll coater, a spin coater or a dip coater, a dispersion liquid or an emulsion containing about 0.1 to 40 wt. % of the organic lubricant particles so as to provide a wet film thickness of about 0.2 to 10 .mu.m.

Abstract: Aluminum oxide sealant compositions, concentrates, and processes employing the same are described which comprise an alkaline earth metal salt and certain sulfonated compounds. Unexpected improvements in seal quality are obtained using the compositions of the invention, and in the substantial absence of smut formation. Advantageously, the aqueous sealant compositions of the invention may be cobalt and nickel-free, can be prepared from tap water, and can be employed at temperatures below the boiling point.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuous galvanizing of a linear element wherein controlled flow of molten zinc onto the linear element is effected through one or more nozzles, whereby galvanizing may be accomplished without immersion of the linear element in molten zinc. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus of the invention comprises an annular nozzle having a central opening through which the linear element is axially advanced. The nozzle is configured to provide a converging, generally frustoconical curtain of molten zinc flowing continuously onto the exterior surface of the linear element.

Abstract: A thin layer of Class 1B, IIB, IIIA, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB or VIIIB metal is deposited on silicon or a silicon-based compound by immersion in a buffered metallic salt bath containing a hydrofluoric acid etchant followed by an electroless plating bath to build up the metal thickness. This process can also be used to pattern deposited metal on silicon or a silicon-based compound. An additional use of this process is to form metal silicides out of the deposited metal.

Abstract: A shallow vessel (50,52) for being horizontally disposed when containing a molten metal or metal alloy (66) for meniscus coating one side of a clean metal strip (34A) when the strip is moved vertically past one side of the vessel. The vessel includes a shell (68) such as austenitic stainless steel, a refractory lining (70), a molten metal departure lip (72) mounted on the upper surface of the side of the vessel, a spirally shaped induction coil (64) for maintaining the molten metal above its melting point and a flux concentrator (74). The induction coil is positioned below the refractory lining and the flux concentrator is positioned below the induction coil. The induction coil and the flux concentrator underlie the area occupied by the molten metal.