Abstract: Imagewise deposition of ink onto a substrate such as a circuit board, by ink jet technology, to produce a metal-imaged circuit board.

Abstract: A method of preparation of fiberglass filaments for subsequent coating with metal wherein the fiberglass filaments first are immersed in a wetter solution containing alcohol, a detergent, and an ethylene oxide and propylene oxide copolymer surfactant. Following this treatment the filaments may be treated with conventional palladium chloride or tin chloride activators, followed by treatment with an acid accelerator and then autocatalytically coated with metals such as copper, gold, palladium, cobalt, nickel, and nickel alloys of phosphorus, boron, or tungsten. A second electroplating or immersion plating step may be included where the metal-coated filaments are electroplated or immersion plated with either the same metal, or a different metal taken from the group consisting of nickel, silver, zinc, cadmium, platinum, iron, cobalt, chromium, tin, lead, rhodium, ruthenium, or iridium.

Abstract: A composition and method are particularly suitable for applying a corrosion preventive and paint receptive coating to metal surfaces where immersing treatment is impossible or impractical. A brush-on aqueous composition free of reducing agent containing hexavalent and trivalent chromium and at least 5 g/l of silica or silicate together with an organic solvent and thickening agent is applied to the metal surface and dried.

Abstract: A coating composition applied to a substrate by a thermal spray process which consists essentially of from about 6.5 to about 9.0 weight percent cobalt, from about 2.0 to about 4.0 weight percent chromium, from about 3.0 to about 4.0 weight percent carbon and the balance tungsten.

Abstract: A low-titanium alloy steel foil having a cold rolled metallic aluminum hot-dip coated surface which is adapted for growing a thick surface coating of spine-like whiskers of aluminum oxide suitable for retaining a coating of a metallic catalyst, which is formable at room temperature without annealing, and which exhibits good resistance to oxidation at temperatures up to 1149.degree. C. (2100.degree. F.).

Abstract: A method for coating tin on a electro-conductive substrate in a bath comprising stannous ions, a mineral acid and a surface active agent alone or in combination with a water soluble acrylate and an aromatic aldehyde or ketone. A catalyst metal comprising metallic zinc or zinc alloy and the substrate to be coated are immersed in the bath. During this immersion electro-conductive contact is effected between the substrate and zinc or zinc alloy. A smooth, pore-free, pure tin coat is deposited on the substrate during the time the substrate is in electro-conductive contact with the zinc or zinc alloy.

Abstract: Processes for (1) depositing main group metals on inorganic and metallic substrates, (2) depositing transition metals on organic, inorganic and metallic substrates, and (3) depositing combinations of main group metals and transition metals on organic, inorganic and metallic substrates. The resulting products have useful electrical, optical and/or decorative properties.

Abstract: A method of making a porous metal article is disclosed comprising:(a) applying a stabilized suspension of a dispersed metal particulate in a fluid medium to a porous metal support;(b) working the support to fill the openings with the stabilized suspension and remove entrained gas;(c) heating the filled support to dry the stabilized suspension and provide the filled support with green or unsintered strength;(d) preferably compressing the dried, filled support to provide better contact between adjacent particles and greater mechanical strength; and(e) sintering the compressed, dried, filled support to remove volatile material and to fuse the individual particles of the metal particulate to the metal support and to each other.The porous metal articles find particular use as filters. They comprise a porous metal support and metal particulate material with the individual particles sinter bonded to each other and to the support.

Abstract: A process and an installation for the continuous application of an oxidizable coating to a strip.The object of the invention is to provide an improvement in the recycle ratios and a savings of inert replenishing gas in an installation, in the enclosure which protects the draining means for controlling the coating, is recycled. To achieve this result, provision is made for the continuous purification of this gas by bringing it into contact with a reductive substance. If protective enclosure also contains the minimized flouring nozzles, zinc vapor can be introduced into the gas. This zinc vapor reacts with the oxygen and produces the nuclei by condensation.

Abstract: Anodes having NiCo.sub.2 O.sub.4 catalyst used in the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen result in anode voltage requirements of less than about 1500 millivolts at 100 milliamperes per square centimeter of anode area. Typically, oxygen evolving anodes comprised of lead or carbon steel are utilized in the electrolysis of water to produce oxygen resulting in high voltage requirements. Anodes containing NiCo.sub.2 O.sub.4 catalyst require substantially reduced voltages and perform well in the conventional alkaline electrochemical production environment.

Abstract: Process for preparing multilayer printed circuits comprising laminating simultaneously or sequentially to a substrate bearing a circuit pattern two photopolymerizable layers, the lower layer formulated for bulk response as defined and the upper layer formulated for surface response as defined; exposing the laminate to actinic radiation through a circuit image related to the circuit pattern on the substrate; embedding finely divided metal, e.g., copper, to the tacky image areas; exposing the toned laminate to actinic radiation through an image of at least one overlying segment of the conductive circuit pattern; removing unexposed photopolymer from the two layers to form vias; embedding finely divided metal, e.g., copper, or catalyst to the side walls of the vias; optionally, curing the image by exposing to actinic radiation and/or by heating; plating to form an interconnected electrically conductive circuit.

Abstract: Aqueous copper coating compositions, solid compositions for forming the aqueous compositions, and processes for coating the surfaces of ferrous-containing materials by contacting said surfaces with the aqueous copper coating compositions, wherein the aqueous compositions contain:(a) from about 10 to about 30 grams/liter of cupric ions;(b) from about 1 to about 10 grams/liter of chloride ions;(c) from about 0.1 to about 10 grams/liter of at least one aminepolyacetic acid compound; and(d) either(i) from about 0.01 to about 10 grams/liter of acriflavine hydrochloride and from about 0.1 to about 20 grams/liter of a polyalkylene oxide C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 alkyl or alkenyl amine; or(ii) from about 0.1 to about 10 grams/liter of the reaction product of ortho-toluidine and formaldehyde.

Abstract: A method for coating tin on an electro-conductive substrate in a bath comprising stannous ions, a mineral acid and a non-ionic surfactant consisting of nonylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol. A catalyst metal comprising metallic zinc or zinc alloy and the substrate to be coated are immersed in the bath. During this immersion electroconductive contact is effected between the substrate and zinc or zinc alloy. A smooth, pore-free, pure tin coat is deposited on the substrate during the time the substrate is in electro-conductive contact with the zinc or zinc alloy.

Abstract: A low-cost electrical conductor is prepared by applying a mixture of a metallic powder and a polymer on a substrate, curing the polymer, effecting an augmentation replacement reaction to replace some of the metallic powder with a more noble metal in such a way that the total volume of deposited metal at the surface exceeds that of the original metal powder replaced, and thereafter applying a dielectric material to selected areas of the conductor thus formed. Imperfections such as pin holes and screen marks can be eliminated by heating the dielectric material to cause a degree of flow. Multiple layer interconnected conductors can be prepared by reapplying the mixture of metallic powder and polymer such that a portion thereof contacts the first prepared conductor, curing the polymer and effecting an augmentation replacement reaction with a metal which is more noble than the powder metal and the replacement metal of the first conductor.

Abstract: An alloyed copper wire rod is formed by continuous rod-casting, wherein a core rod is driven through a crucible containing molten metal. High purity copper melt is continuously charged into the crucible; to which an alloying material is simultaneously added in a quantity which corresponds to the given casting speed of the core rod. The required alloy thus obtained is crystallized on the surface of the core-rod as it passes through the crucible and the rod produced is treated in the usual manner i.e., cooling, rolling and coiling.

Abstract: An improved cathode with a conductive metal core and a Raney-type catalytic surface predominantly derived from an adherent Beta nickel (NiAl.sub.3) crystalline precursory outer portion of the metal core is disclosed. The precursory outer portion preferably has molybdenum added to give a precursor alloy having the formula Ni.sub.x Mo.sub.1-x Al.sub.3 where x is within the range of from about 80 to about 95 weight percent. Also disclosed is a method of producing a low overvoltage cathode. The method includes the steps of taking a Ni-Mo core or substrate having about 5-20 weight percentage of Mo and coating it with aluminum then heat treating to form a Ni-Mo-Al alloy with mostly a Beta nickel structure and then leaching out the Al to produce a Raney surface.

Abstract: A method for applying a wear-resistant coating to a working surface of an object, which working surface is to be exposed to wear. To coat the object, it is dipped in a bath of molten metal containing unmolten hard metal carbide particles dispersed therein, whereby a coating is formed on the object.

Abstract: A process for producing a thin tin and zinc plated steel sheet which comprises electroplating zinc on a steel sheet from a zinc electroplating bath containing zinc ions followed by tin-plating the zinc plated steel sheet by immersion or by immersion followed by electroplating in a tinplating bath containing stannous ions, whereby zinc ions from the zinc plated steel sheet replace the stannous ions in the tinplating solution during the immersion tinplating. The resultant solution from the tinplating which contains zinc ions is recycled to make up the zinc electroplating bath.

Abstract: An installation for the continuous coating of a strip, especially for the galvanizing of sheet steel.The object of the invention is to improve the quality of the coating and the uniformity of its crystallization, especially for thin sheets with low coating thicknesses. To achieve this result, the minimized flouring nozzle or nozzles are placed in an enclosure from which the strip leaves through a narrow slit and in which is provided means for maintaining a protective atmosphere inside this enclosure.Preferably, this enclosure is one with an enclosure surrounding the draining means, and means for recycling the protective atmosphere and for purifying it with respect to oxygen are provided.

Abstract: Method and apparatus which allows the component leads of pre-taped electronic components to be solder tinned to preserve the solderability and shelf life of such component leads. Pre-taped electronic components and the like are prepackaged in a reel and positioned in the apparatus such that the reel is free to rotate. Both leads of each component are secured to corresponding adjacent component leads by tape. The electronic components are moved through a plurality of processing stages such that one lead of each component is solder tinned, one of the processing stages removing the tape from the leads to enable the soldering thereof. After soldering of the leads, tape is applied thereto. The process is then repeated for the other leads of each component.

Abstract: A two-step process for coating a surface of an aluminum article with zinc, wherein the surface is initially exposed to a zincate bath under relatively weak zinc-depositing conditions, and then further exposed to a zincate bath under stronger zinc-depositing conditions (lower ZnO concentration and/or higher temperature), to establish thereon an adherent coating of metallic zinc. The coated article may be heated to effect diffusion of the zinc into the aluminum for producing a zinc-enriched region adjacent the surface to protect the surface against corrosion.

Abstract: An improved plating solution for metal plating iron-containing metallic substrates comprising from about 1 to about 35 weight percent of an aqueous solution containing metal ions to be deposited on the substrate, and from about 65 to about 99 weight percent of an aqueous acidic component having a pH value of less than about 1. The aqueous acidic component is produced by (a) admixing from about 45 to about 85 weight percent hydrochloric acid with from about 20 to about 55 weight percent phosphoric acid in a suitable vessel for an effective period of time to produce a substantially homogeneous acidic mixture; (b) admixing the homogeneous acidic mixture with an effective amount of water to provide an aqueous acidic mixture; and (c) admixing from about 2 to about 20 weight percent of a hydroxy carboxylic acid and from about 0 to about 20 weight percent of a dicarboxylic acid with the aqueous acidic mixture.

Abstract: A method is provided for coating magnesium granules with a fluoride-containing salt comprising contacting the granules with at least one fluoride-containing salt selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metal fluorides and fluoborates and thereby produce a fluoride-containing coating on the surface of the granules. The coating is characterized in that the oxidation of the magnesium granules is greatly inhibited during the use of the granules as an addition agent to a molten metal bath, for example, when used in the desulfurization of steel.

Abstract: Electroless gold plating baths for plating metallized ceramics wherein the bath comprises (a) alkali metal gold cyanide, (b) alkali metal fluoride, and (c) alkali metal hydroxide. The baths may optionally contain a buffering agent and/or ammonium hydroxide and/or an organic chelating agent. The metallized ceramics contain tungsten, molybdenum, electroless nickel, copper and the like. The gold constituent in the alkali metal gold cyanide may be monovalent, trivalent or mixtures thereof. The method of utilizing such electroless or autocatalytic plating baths is also described and claimed.

Abstract: Hot-dip coated steel articles having a coating containing about 55% aluminum, 43% zinc, 2% silicon, are known to exhibit an optimum combination of general corrosion resistance, more durable than zinc coatings; while providing more galvanic protection to cut edges and areas of mechanical damage than hot-dip aluminum coatings. It has now been found that coatings containing 12 to 24% zinc, up to 4% silicon, balance aluminum, provide galvanic protection equal to or superior to such known coatings, while providing enhanced general corrosion resistance, approaching that of aluminum coatings.

Abstract: Process for preparation of printed circuits by applying particulate metal to tacky image areas, optionally removing excess particulate metal, and contacting the metallized image areas with an aqueous solution comprising cations of a plating metal to accomplish a metal-metal ion displacement reaction, the solution being substantially free of any chemical reducing agent for said cations. Preferably the conductive circuit is electroplated or soldered.

Abstract: A metal foil laminate including at least one sheet of metal foil directly bonded to one face of a sheet of glass fiber reinforced polyester resin, and a continuous process for preparing such laminates.

Abstract: Molten zinc coated strip is contacted with an internally cooled roll upon which is provided a thin film of liquid that serves to maintain effective heat transfer contact between the surface of the roll and the surface of the strip across the entire face of the strip.

Abstract: Method is provided for improving performance alloy structures improved in corrosion and erosion and wear resistance characteristics by the incorporation of an interdispersed phase and a ternary or quaternhary alloy of platinum, rhodium or palladium, the alloy base metal and an alloying element such as aluminum in the structure surface with the use of relatively less of the precious metals for a given depth of case by virtue of the conjoint incorporation of the interdispersed phase.

Abstract: A process for enhancing adhesive bonding of a metal substrate, particularly aluminum, which comprises treating the aluminum substrate, after optional cleaning thereof in an alkaline solution, with an ammoniacal solution of a copper salt, e.g. copper sulfate, to form a cuprammonium, i.e. [Cu(NH.sub.3).sub.4 ]SO.sub.4, solution containing the complex Cu(NH.sub.3).sub.4.sup.++ ion. Such treatment provides a controlled etch of the aluminum substrate and increases the surface area thereof, resulting in enhanced reactivity of each surface with an adhesive during adhesive bonding, and providing a strong adhesive bond between the adhesive coating and the metal substrate. When such cuprammonium treatment of an aluminum surface is followed by electrodeposition of an organic coating, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,180,442, prior to application of an adhesive coating, a strong adhesive bond having consistently high lap shear values is obtained.

Abstract: A method of fabricating composite metal wires such as aluminium clad steel wires is disclosed which comprises providing a core of hard metal with a cladding of soft metal by extrusion. In fabricating a composite metal wire by extrusion, a core is generally aligned, polished, cleaned or otherwise pretreated before entering an extruder so that a high and variable tension is imparted to the core. By avoiding such tension variation and maintaining the core under a constant low tension and by electrically heating the core before the core enters the extruder, a composite metal wire of improved quality is fabricated in a stable manner.

Abstract: A plating method comprises the steps of melting the metal and forming a bath of the molten metal, and displacing a strand to be plated longitudinally through the molten-metal bath so the strand leaves the bath at a surface thereof. Thus the molten metal of the bath sticks to the strand and forms a molten metallic layer thereon. A helicoidal, that is at least generally helical or corkscrew-shaped, magnetic field generally centered on the strand is formed and positioned to exert on the metallic layer a magnetic force generally parallel to the strand and on the conductive metallic bath a rotary force centered on the strand. The field is polarized to exert the magnetic force upward to thicken the layer on the strand and is polarized oppositely to exert the magnetic force downward to thin the layer on the strand. The rotary action on the bath serves to move any impurities floating on the bath outward away from the rising strand.

Abstract: A low-cost electrical conductor is prepared by applying a mixture of a metallic powder and a polymer on a substrate, curing the polymer, effecting an augmentation replacement reaction to replace some of the metallic powder with a more noble metal in such a way that the total volume of deposited metal at the surface exceeds that of the original metal powder replaced, and thereafter applying a dielectric material to selected areas of the conductor thus formed. Imperfections such as pin holes and screen marks can be eliminated by heating the dielectric material to cause a degree of flow. Multiple layer interconnected conductors can be prepared by reapplying the mixture of metallic powder and polymer such that a portion thereof contacts the first prepared conductor, curing the polymer and effecting an augmentation replacement reaction with a metal which is more noble than the powder metal and the replacement metal of the first conductor.

Abstract: A dual-purpose production plant for cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets having, successively disposed in series, a heating zone, a soaking zone, a primary cooling zone, an overaging zone equipped with a controlled cooling facility, a molten galvanizing zone, an intermediate cooling means, a secondary cooling zone, a temper rolling means, and a chemical treatment means, and a bypass for directly connecting the overaging zone and the secondary cooling zone with each other.

Abstract: An immersion tin plating bath composition permits high speed plating of tin over zinc and zinc alloy coated steel. The bath consists of stannous ion, a mineral acid, a surfactant consisting of nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol and Guar gum resin as a bodying agent. The combination of the surfactant and bodying agent makes it possible to obtain an adherent tin coating of minimum porosity and controlled, uniform thickness on a continuous basis by roll coating application.

Abstract: A low-cost conductor, e.g. a printed circuit, is prepared by applying a mixture of a metallic powder and polymer on a substrate and curing the polymer, followed by an augmentation replacement reaction being effected to replace some of the metallic powder with a more noble metal in such a way that the total volume of deposited metal on the surface exceeds that of the original metal powder at that surface. This procedure produces contiguous layer of conducting metal on the substrate. The conductors thus formed can easily be soldered without leaching using a conventional tin-lead solders.

Abstract: Contact electrodes on a semiconductor device (50) such as a photovoltaic solar cell is formed by screening through a mask (38) onto a surface (40) a pattern of ink containing a dispersion of lower melting, sinterable metal (tin) coated base metal (copper) particles dispersed in a liquid vehicle including a vaporizable binder polymer and a fluorocarbon polymer. On firing the screen coated device (46) in an oven (48) the binder polymer is vaporized, the fluorocarbon vapors etch the surface and the coated metal particles sinter without being oxidized to form an adherent, coherent, contact electrode (53).

Abstract: A microwave oven cabinet is constructed with plastic materials and has a low resistivity coating on the outside surfaces thereof, which coating is achieved by applying a mixture of a metallic powder and polymer on the surfaces and curing the polymer, followed by an augmentation replacement reaction being effected to replace some of the metallic powder with a more noble metal in such a way that the total volume on the surface of deposited metal exceeds that of the original metal powder replaced at the surface.

Abstract: A process for treating food and beverage containers comprised of low-carbon steel sheet (black plate) to improve the adherence and to resist undercutting of organic can lacquers applied to the surfaces thereof when subjected to agressive environments without visually impairing the light-grey shiny steel appearance of the container surface and without loss of humidity resistance. The treatment can readily be integrated with conventional can body manufacturing procedures and includes contacting the cleaned black plate container body surface with an aqueous acidic solution containing a controlled amount of stannous ions at a controlled temperature for a period of time sufficient to deposit tin on the surfaces thereof in an amount up to about 5 mg/ft.sup.2 followed by rinsing, drying and lacquering.

Abstract: A method including a novel bath is described for the nickeling of the aluminum pads of a chip, when either in die form or in wafer assembly. A near-neutral pH immersion zinc bath is used to cover the aluminum with zinc, which is followed by immersion in an electroless boron-nickel solution for nickeling of the zinc. The method eliminates the need to isolate the chip silicon from the plating bath.

Abstract: An improved cathode with a conductive metal core and a Raney-type catalytic surface predominantly derived from an adherent NiAl.sub.3 crystalline precursory outer portion of the metal core is disclosed. The precursory cuter portion preferably has molybdenum added to give a precursor alloy having the formula Ni.sub.x Mo.sub.1-x Al.sub.3 where x is within the range of from about 5 to about 15 weight percent. Also disclosed is a method of producing a low overvoltage cathode. The method includes the steps of taking a Ni-Mo core or substrate having about 5-20 weight percentage of Mo and coating it with aluminum then heat treating to form a Ni-Mo-Al alloy with mostly NiAl.sub.3 structure and then leaching out the Al to produce a Raney surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing coated high strength low alloy steel. A strip of steel is cleaned from rolling oil, is heated to the temperature range A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 in a protective atmosphere, is soaked and subsequently quenched in a zinc-aluminum bath for a short time sufficient to adhere a zinc coating to the steel surface, whereafter the steel strip is rapidly cooled to a temperature below 300.degree. C., to obtain a dual-phase steel structure.

Abstract: An adhering bismuth layer is provided on steel components for cathode ray tubes by electroless plating in an acidic aqueous solution of bismuth oxynitrate. The bismuth coated steel components are heated in an oxidizing atmosphere, for example in air, at temperatures between 350.degree. C. and 650.degree. C. until the bismuth coating becomes black.

Abstract: A method for high resolution maskless plating with an immersion, exchange or like plating bath is described. Preferential plating results from exposing those regions where plating is sought to an energy beam to increase the plating rate and the resulting plating thickness is several orders of magnitude greater than is possible by standard immersion techniques.

Abstract: A surface of a substrate 11 (FIG. 2) is uniformly coated with a liquid L by wetting the surface with the liquid and compressibly contacting the wetted surface with an applicator member 10 having an outer layer 14 of a compressible liquid absorbing material with inverse sponge characteristics and an inner layer 13 of compliant material. Preferably the member is a roller 10 having a silicone rubber or polyurethane inner layer and a chamois outer layer. A plurality of the rollers 10 are arranged to be in compressive contact with the surfaces of a plurality of substrates 11 as the substrates are being removed from the liquid L (arrow A), the movement of the substrates 11 causing rotation (arrow F) of the rollers to apply a uniform coating of the liquid on the contacted surfaces.

Abstract: Improved method of producing adherent metallic coatings on articles made from magnesium is disclosed. The articles are exposed to a two-step surface activating prior to chemical precipitation of zinc deposit. The first activating is carried out in a solution of oxalic acid and after rinsing a secondary activating takes place in a special bath comprising alkali metal pyrophosphate and, preferably, an added wetting agent. The pyrophosphate is preferably potassium pyrophosphate K.sub.4 P.sub.2 O.sub.7.

Abstract: An improved tank process for plating aluminum substrates which is especially advantageous for plating porous aluminum castings and, blister-free plated aluminum substrates produced thereby, characterized in that the aluminum piece parts are: (i) emulsion cleaned in a room temperature alkaline cleaner; (ii) immersed in a room temperature dilute acid, inorganic, fluoride salt solution to dissolve heavy oxides and surface silicon while minimizing etching and intergranular attack of the aluminum substrate such, for example, as a porous cast aluminum substrate; (iii) immersed in a room temperature dilute zincate bath for applying a relatively thin zinc protective coating, preferably utilizing a double zincate immersion process with an intermediate prolonged (1-3 min.) nitric acid soak to reduce the zincate deposition rate and to thereby provide improved zincate adhesion; (iv) plated with a non-porous strike applied directly on the zincate protective coating--e.g.

Abstract: A plurality of porous valve-metal pellets, having the conventional oxide dielectric film, solid electrolyte, metallic counterelectrode, and insulative resin protective layer over the counterelectrode, are suspended by their anode risers from processing bars held in a carrier rack. Anode and cathode end-cap terminals are subsequently formed over opposite ends of each pellet, while the pellets are still suspended from the processing bars held in the carrier rack, by the selective steps of dipping and removing and curing of silver-loaded paint, and then nickel immersion plating over the cured silver caps, and then coating the nickel film with solder.

Abstract: The method provides an extremely fast and non-destructive method for determining whether an integrated circuit will have good bonding characteristics. The method entails immersion plating of copper onto aluminum areas. Then, the aluminum areas are observed visually to see if the copper plated thereon is continuous or discontinuous. If the copper is discontinuous, the aluminum film will have good bonding characteristics.

Abstract: A wire being galvanized leaves a zinc bath with the adhering liquid zinc forming after solidification of the zinc layer and with the surface of the wire being rapidly cooled by a cooling agent such as liquid nitrogen immediately after leaving the zinc bath to increase the thickness of the adhering zinc.