Abstract: A light influencing element and the process of fabricating the same is disclosed, wherein the light influencing element is fabricated by disposing a layer of a substantially opaque material upon a transparent substrate. One or more openings or wells may then be cut or formed in the surface of the layer of opaque material. Into such openings a light influencing material is then disposed, preferable said materials are injected thereinto as by ink-jet type injection heads. Liquid crystal displays and subassemblies formed upon the light influencing elements of the instant invention are also provided.

Abstract: An actively cooled effuser for a vapor deposition reactor is placed in very close proximity to a substrate. The actively cooled effuser has combinations of gas directing plates, cooling plates and isolation plates attached together. Reactants and coolant are input into the stack of plates so formed. Selective heating of the substrate surface may occur through the use of heating lamps. Multiple units of the actively cooled effuser and heating lamps may be used in the reactor to form multiple layers on the substrate. The cooling plate has a cooling channel within a few thousandths of an inch of the output side of the stack. The presence of the cooling plates allows the effuser to be placed in very close proximity to the selectively heated substrate.

Abstract: A method for rapidly providing an impervious carbon substrate such as carbon fibers with a carbide coating, in atmospheric pressure, so as to provide a carbide layer bound to the carbon substrate. A carbide layer on the impervious carbon substrate is provided by coating the substrate with a concentrated solution of a carbide forming element in compound dissolved in a suitable solvent. The carbon substrate is heated to a temperature at which the carbide forming element in compound decomposes and chemically reacts with the carbon substrate to form the desired carbide layer.

Abstract: A method for the production of ceramic matrix composites by chemical vapor infiltration. The method includes exposing an infiltrated preform to microwave energy, with pressure variation of the reactant gases in the processing chamber and/or temperature variation of the preform during processing, to produce substantially improved composites. The process provides higher deposition rates within the core of the ceramic matrix composite, higher densification which advantageously initiates within the interior of the ceramic matrix composite and proceeds radially outward, and a thick wall ceramic matrix composite with an overall reduced density gradient.

Abstract: A process for producing thin photoresists on printed circuit boards wherein a metallic-layered substrate is conveyed beneath a free falling curtain of a photopolymerizable substance, said substance having a viscosity of 30-120 seconds DIN cup 4 @ 25.degree. C. and being applied at a curtain height of 5-25 cm. above the board to form a coating having a dry film thickness up to about 1.5 mil after the coated surfaces are dried, whereupon the surfaces are available for photoimaging, developing, etching and stripping operations.

Abstract: A stereolithographic system for automatically generating three-dimensional objects on a layer by layer basis by alternately forming layers of medium over previously formed layers of the object and selectively solidifying successive layers of medium at a surface of a body of the medium whereby the object is formed from a plurality of solidified and adhered layers. The surface of the body of medium is maintained at a desired working surface, for example by detecting its level and relatively adjusting it and the working surface so that they coincide.

Abstract: A process of radiation-induced formation of a uniform metal or metal oxide region suitable for device application or for repairing transparent defects in pattern metal films of lithographic masks has been found. The process requires that the heat evolved during the radiation-induced reactions be carefully limited to produce the desired uniformity.

Abstract: The process for the photochemical treatment of a solid material consists of exposing the latter to light pulses produced by at least one glow discharge elongated tube (4) having a rare gas under low pressure and whereof the gas, the pressure and the characteristics of the discharge are adapted to said material and its precursors, each pulse containing an extensive emission spectrum between 160 and 5000 nm. An electrical circuit with modulatable electrical characteristics (LC) makes it possible to modulate the discharge characteristics of the tube and the storage of the energy necessary for said discharge.

Abstract: A process brings out a high contrast in natural grain of a naturally pale wood via infrared irradiation having a wavelength which is as long as possible. This infrared radiation can come from a conventional infrared emitter or, more preferably, from a carbon dioxide laser. Due to the contact-free heating near the surface which is effective in a stagnant ambient atmosphere, the new wood part of the grain is browned, while the harder old wood part remains essentially unbrowned. This causes the natural grain of the wood to stand out in contrast. Due to the contact-free and turbulence-free mode of operation of the heating, the grain pattern produced is uniform. Any scratches or chatter marks in the wood are simply covered over and remain invisible.

Abstract: A horizontal Bridgman single crystal growing apparatus using a direct monitoring electric furnace suitable for a single crystal growing of III-V, II-VI group compound semiconductor materials (InP, CdTe, etc.) including a gallium arsenide (GaAs). The apparatus is composed of: a heater wire being formed around a quartz tube for supporting, a cylindrical double quartz tube arranged with cooling water or gas inlet and outlet for circulation externally and coated with gold thin film on the internal wall surface thereof, thereby the high temperature heating over 1240.degree. C. is possible to obtain within a short period of time and also the cooling is possible, and whole process of the single crystal growing can be observed directly with naked eyes.

Abstract: A patterning composition is prepared by mixing a metallic salt of organic acid which separates a metal when reduced (e.g. copper (II) heptanoate), a reducing agent (e.g., 4-methoxy-1-naphthol), which shows reducing activity by being heated and loses the reducing activity by being irradiated by UV light, visible light or infrared light, gelatin and water, the composition is applied on a substrate, and the coating is irradiated by UV or visible infrared light through a mask and then heated, thereby to deposit metal in a pattern.

Abstract: A method of effecting the coloration of a restoration to be mounted on a tooth including the steps of forming a mixture of powdered dental porcelain and a photonucleable silicate glass and shaping the mixture into a dental restoration. The dental restoration is heated in an oven to its fusing temperature and allowed to cool. Selected areas of the restoration are exposed to ultra-violet light. The dental restoration is reexposed to high energy while the color of the selected areas changes.