Abstract: Apparatus and method for coating a moving paper web, in which the web (2) to be coated is first guided to a coating station (7) correctly aligned and a first side of the web (2) is coated with a coat layer. Next, the web (2) is guided upwards from the coating station (7) and the first coat layer is dried using non-contact dryers (8, 9). From the dryers the web (2) is guided to the next coating station (14) correctly aligned, and the second side of the web (2) is coated with a coat layer, the web (2) is guided upwards from the coating station (14) and the coat layer on the second side of the web (2) is dried using non-contact dryers. When the web is directed from the coating station (7) through the dryers (8, 9), it (2) is guided non-contactingly by means of air jets such that the web (2) is first non-contactingly turned in the machine direction during drying and next, similarly during drying, towards the level of the coating stations (7, 14).

Abstract: The preparation of packaging material having good moisture barrier properties from a C1S paperboard substrate in a single pass on a printing press is improved by preheating the substrate before application of the moisture barrier coating to the uncoated surface of the substrate. Preheating the substrate improves coating holdout, reduces pinholes and permits the application of a thin film of coating to achieve the desired result.

Abstract: A composite glass article having a chemically modified ceramic surface whose coefficient of thermal expansion is lower than that of the glass substrate is produced by exposing the glass article maintained at a temperature above its annealing point (typically 500° C.) and below its softening point (soda-lime about 725° C.; borosilicate about 800° C.) to an atmosphere containing prescribed metalorganic compounds. The chemically modified ceramic surface in maintained in compression and is a ceramic consisting of members from a specific group of oxides dependent upon the type of glass comprising the substrate. The method for forming the glass composite article includes applying the metalorganic mixture while the glass substrate is maintained at a temperature above its annealing point (typically 500° C.) and below its softening point (soda-lime about 725° C.; borosilicate about 800° C.) to an atmosphere containing prescribed metalorganic compounds.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying an extrudable material to a substrate, in which a concentrated light beam is directed onto the substrate before or after the application of the extrudable material. The energy of the beam is concentrated on the substrate surface, wherein it is subsequently transferred to the extrudable material deposited on its surface, thereby increasing the temperature and lowering the viscosity of the closely situated material so as to facilitate material penetration into the substrate. This method allows the use of illumination of modest energy density, of wavelengths absorbed by the extrudable material, or of such cross-sectional extent that it may not be transmitted through the extrusion device by which the extrudable material is deposited.

Abstract: A method of forming a film having enhanced reflow characteristics at low thermal budget is disclosed, in which a surface layer of material is formed above a base layer of material, the surface layer having a lower melting point than the base layer. In this way, a composite film having two layers is created. After reflow, the surface layer can be removed using conventional methods.

Abstract: Production of a finished fabric backing for use in the production of a coated abrasive is performed using a dual cure system comprising a radiation curable binder and a thermal initiator in which polymerization is initiated by the use of radiation until the exotherm produced raises the temperature of the formulation to the activation temperature of the thermal initiator. Thereafter the polymerization continues under the influence of the thermal initiator alone.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of hydride-containing aluminium oxide for producing optically detectable markings and inscriptions.

Abstract: Novel compositions for making structured color images and application thereof Compositions for making structured color images comprising (a) a soluble pigment precursor which can be transformed to an insoluble pigment by means of chemical, thermal, photolytic or radiation-induced method, and (b) a binder polymer or prepolymer, or a positive or negative resist-type resin which can be structured by crosslinking, polymerization or depolymerization by applying heat or electromagnetic irradiation. The compositions can be applied to optical and thermal recording, printing, and the production of color filters for Liquid Crystal Displays, with high accuracy, high transparency and high stability.

Abstract: A method of making an organic EL device which enable production of a color system having image quality in a large display screen. The method of making the organic EL devices includes the steps of, arranging an organic EL transfer base plate obtained by depositing a luminescent organic compound on one side of a heat resistant base film and a transparent substrate provided with at least a transparent electrode leaving a space therebetween, and transferring by sublimation said luminescent organic compound on said transparent substrate by locally heating the heat resistant base film of said organic EL transfer base plate.

Abstract: A furnace for processing semiconductor wafers including an insulating enclosure; a first heating apparatus disposed centrally with respect to the insulating enclosure; a frame operative to support a multiplicity of semiconductor wafers in a nearly vertical orientation in at least one right polyhedronal tier about and facing the first centrally disposed heating apparatus; a double-walled quartz enclosure for enclosing the wafers which is operative to enable the wafers to be processed in a predetermined controlled environment; and a second heating apparatus disposed between the quartz enclosure and the insulating enclosure arranged, together with the first heating apparatus, for substantially uniform heating of the wafers.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing coated short fibers, in which the short fibers are coated in a reactor with at least one coating agent. The method includes exposing a short fiber bundle having a coating or a plastic matrix to a high-frequency field which dissolves the coating or the plastic matrix. The fiber bundle is separated into individual fibers and are coated by chemical vapor deposition on all sides by at least one coating agent present in a gas phase. A combination of mechanical and microwave treatment is preferably provided to loosen the short fiber bundles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fluororesin-coating process, which comprises the steps of inserting a base having powder of the fluororesin on its surface in the interior of a cylindrical face transfer member, and heating both base and face transfer member by means of an infrared heater from the outside of the face transfer member, thereby heating them in a state that the fluororesin powder layer is pressed by the face transfer member making good use of a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the base and the face transfer member to form a fluororesin layer.

Abstract: An electron beam exposure method is described which provides a means of curing spin-on-glass formed on a semiconductor wafer which insulates the conductive metal layer and planarizes the topography in the process of manufacturing multilayered integrated circuits. The method utilizes a large area, uniform electron beam exposure system in a soft vacuum environment. A wafer coated with uncured siloxane spin-on-glass is irradiated with electrons of sufficient energy to penetrate the entire thickness of the spin-on-glass and is simultaneously heated by infrared heaters. The wafer is exposed to a predetermined dose of electrons while simultaneously raised to a peak temperature in a soft vacuum environment. The electron beam and infrared heaters are then extinguished and the substrate cooled before removing from vacuum.

Abstract: Coating and filler materials for localized thermal processing of glazed ceramics and other brittle and low thermal conductivity materials. The coating materials include oxide compositions that exhibit coefficients of thermal expansion which are less than about 8.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree. C. and glass transition temperatures which are less than about 400.degree. C. The filler materials include particulate oxide materials which do not substantially react during localized thermal processing of glazed ceramics and other brittle and low thermal conductivity materials. The coating and filler materials are useable together as a composite material for repairing cavities having depths greater than about 2 mm.

Abstract: A wrinkle-free/wrinkle-resistant cellulosic fiber-containing fabric which retains tensile-, tear- and abrasion-strength due to the reduction of hydrogen bonding in the fabric is obtained by a process which comprises pretreating the fabric with the processes to reduce and control hydrogen bonding in the fabric, and treating a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric with aqueous formaldehyde and a catalyst in liquid form capable of catalyzing the cross-linking reaction between the formaldehyde and cellulose. Such cross-linking is carried out by heat-curing the cellulosic fiber-containing fabric under saturated steam with or without high pressure and/or infrared or far-infrared radiation and/or high frequency (induction) radio waves. Under such conditions the formaldehyde reacts with cellulose in the presence of catalyst with no substantial loss of formaldehyde prior to said reaction so as to improve the wrinkle-free or wrinkle-resistant property of the fabric without substantial strength loss.

Abstract: This invention presents an automatic calibration system and method for calibration of a substrate temperature sensor in a thermal processing equipment, such as a rapid thermal processing system. The calibration system includes a temperature-sensitive probe associated with the substrate temperature sensor to calibrate the substrate temperature sensor and an actuator to position the temperature-sensitive probe relative to the substrate during a calibration cycle. The actuator and temperature-sensitive probe of the automatic calibration system can be incorporated into the thermal processing equipment in order to maintain the thermal processing equipment cleanliness and integrity during a calibration cycle, and to allow rapid automated calibration. In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the temperature-sensitive probe and its actuator are implemented in the gas showerhead assembly of a rapid thermal processing system.

Abstract: A method of forming a film having enhanced reflow characteristics at low thermal budget is disclosed, in which a surface layer of material is formed above a base layer of material, the surface layer having a lower melting point than the base layer. In this way, a composite film having two layers is created. After reflow, the surface layer can be removed using conventional methods.

Abstract: Compositions for making structured color images comprising(a) a soluble pigment precursor which can be transformed to an insoluble pigment by means of chemical, thermal, photolytic or radiation-induced method, and(b) a binder polymer or prepolymer, or a positive or negative resist-type resin which can be structured by crosslinking, polymerization or depolymerization by applying heat or electromagnetic irradiation.The compositions can be applied to optical and thermal recording, printing, and the production of color filters for Liquid Crystal Displays, with high accuracy, high transparency and high stability.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid coating composition that is thermally-curable in the presence of oxygen, comprising: a monomer or oligomer containing two or more acrylate and/or methacrylate functional groups; an azo initiator; and oxygen. This invention also relates to a process for coating a substrate comprising the steps of applying a thin film of the foregoing coating composition to said substrate; and heating said coating composition at an effective temperature for an effective period of time to cure said coating composition, said applying and heating steps being conducted in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coloring pieces of rock, namely marble, by means of the application of a laser beam (2) in order to color-mark or totally color the piece of rock. According to the invention, the laser beam interacts with the piece of rock (5), to which an appropriate coloring is subsequently applied. Diffusion of the pigment in the piece of rock changes its color in the area affected by the laser. The piece of rock takes on the color as intensely as desired. The invention enables marble of a lower value to be made more valuable and increases the value of other rocks and allows them to be colored. This application is mainly intended for the treatment of ornamental rocks.

Abstract: The method includes the step of applying a heat shrinkable plastics sleeve to at least that part of the object most vulnerable to decay. A meltable sealing solution, typically a bituminous substance, is provided between the heat shrinkable plastics sleeve and the object. The sleeve is heated so as to melt the sealing solution sufficiently for it to bond intimately to the wooden object and pressure is applied to the plastics sleeve. The sleeve may be extruded and the sealing solution may be applied to the internal surface of the sleeve as it is extruded. Pressure can be applied to the sleeve using pressure pads, which may be heated, or by a jet of hot air.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for repairing small paint defects in powder paint coats. In the process, the paint defect is hollowed out, a filler body, which is adapted to the recess with respect to shape and/or volume, is placed in the recess, the filler body is connected with the powder paint coat surrounding the recess and hardened. In order to improve the quality of this repair, after inserting the filler body, pressure is exercised on the filler body at least at the start of the connecting and/or at least at the start of the hardening.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is provided with a textured surface comprising a landing zone, a data zone, and a transition zone having protrusions which gradually decrease in height and diameter in progressing from the landing zone to the data zone. The transition zone can be formed by laser texturing and controlling the peak power of a pulsed laser beam and/or rotating speed of the surface undergoing texturing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming a thicker thin film of complex compound easily without causing cracks in the film. Sol solution is coated and dehydrated on an upper surface of a substrate by sol-gel method (step S1, S2). A thin film formed on the upper surface of the substrate is exposed by radiation which has predetermined energy (step S3). Thus, the thin film of complex compound is polymerized, cracks are not caused even in forming a thicker thin film.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a flat composite plastic structure, for example a floor covering, comprising a textile web and at least one layer of a plastic, for example a polyvinyl chloride, on the reverse side or on the top side, which impregnates the textile web, according to which process:a) the textile web is made available,b) a plastisol is made available,c) the textile web is coated with a layer of plastisol,d) a radiant surface is obtained by combustion of a combustible gas in contact with a porous structure,e) the layer of plastisol is heated, using the radiant surface, in order to remove the volatile organic fraction of the coated layer and to cause the plastisol to gel,wherein the combustion of the combustible gas takes place under flameless, catalytic conditions.

Abstract: A process for preparing silicon granules with a chlorine contamination below 50 ppm by weight by deposition of elemental silicon on silicon particles in a fluidized-bed reactor. This reaction has a heating zone below a reaction zone. The silicon particles, in the heating zone, are fluidized by means of an inert silicon-free carrier gas to produce a fluidized bed and are heated by means of microwave energy. The silicon particles are reacted within the reaction zone, a reaction gas made up of a silicon source gas and the carrier gas. The average temperature of the reaction gas in the reaction zone, while the gas is perfusing the fluidized silicon particles, is maintained at less than 900.degree. C. The average temperature of the fluidized silicon particles in the reaction zone, while they are being perfused by the reaction gas, is maintained at greater than 900.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention presents an automatic calibration system and method for calibration of a substrate temperature sensor in a thermal processing equipment, such as a rapid thermal processing system. The calibration system includes a temperature-sensitive probe associated with the substrate temperature sensor to calibrate the substrate temperature sensor and an actuator to position the temperature-sensitive probe relative to the substrate during a calibration cycle. The actuator and temperature-sensitive probe of the automatic calibration system can be incorporated into the thermal processing equipment in order to maintain the thermal processing equipment cleanliness and integrity during a calibration cycle, and to allow rapid automated calibration. In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the temperature-sensitive probe and its actuator are implemented in the gas showerhead assembly of a rapid thermal processing system.

Abstract: A fuser member for fixing toner to a recording medium having a fluoropolymer non-stick topcoat on a compliant silicone rubber baselayer bonded to a metallic insert is provided. The fluoropolymer is adhered to the silicone rubber baselayer using a primer of a blend of silane and a polyamide resin. The primed silicone baselayer is preheated in an infrared oven to remove low molecular weight fractions. A primer is applied to the prebaked rubber and completely dried before applying the fluoroelastomer topcoat by spaying.

Abstract: Compounds which possess a complementary structure to a desired molecule, such as a biomolecule, in particular polymeric or oligomeric compounds, which are useful as in vivo or in vitro diagnostic and therapeutic agents are provided. Also, various methods for producing such compounds are provided. These polymeric or oligomeric compounds are useful in particular as antimicrobial agents, receptor, hormone or enzyme agonists and antagonists.

Abstract: A method of fusing a thermal spray coating to a base material employs infrared heating. The thermal spray coating is applied to the base material in a conventional manner. The infrared heater applies unidirectional heat in a first time-temperature relation to the coating during a fusing phase to melt individual coating platelets into a dense layer and to metallurgically bond the coating to the base material. In a base material that is heat treatable, the base material can be heat treated subsequent to the fusing phase. Initial heat treating of the base material occurs during the fusing phase. Continued heat treating of the base material is achieved after the thermal spray coating fusing phase by a second application of time-temperature from the infrared heater. A cold wall process can be used to aid in the quenching phase of the heat treating process.

Abstract: An improved additive process for metallization of substrates is described whereby a catalyst solution is applied to a surface of a substrate. Metallic catalytic clusters can be formed in the catalyst solution on the substrate surface by irradiating the substrate. Electroless plating can then deposit metal onto the portion of the substrate surface having metallic clusters. Additional metallization thickness can be obtained by electrolytically plating the substrate surface after the electroless plating step.

Abstract: A processing method comprises:a first step of depositing on a substrate which is a specimen a film of any one of a semiconductor, a metal and an insulator;a second step of subjecting the surface of the film deposited in the first step, to irradiation with a beam having a given energy to produce a physical damage on the surface;a third step of subjecting the film surface on which the physical damage is produced in the second step, to selective irradiation with light to partially cause a photochemical reaction so that a mask pattern depending on the desired device structure is formed on the film surface; anda fourth step of carrying out photoetching using as a shielding member the mask pattern formed in the third step.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a process and a system for transforming a liquid into a solid material using light energy. In particular, a solution containing a parent material in a liquid form is atomized in a reaction vessel and directed towards a substrate. The atomized liquid is exposed to light energy which causes the parent material to form a solid coating on a substrate. The light energy can be provided from one or more lamps and preferably includes ultraviolet light. Although the process of the present invention is well suited for use in many different and various applications, one exemplary application is in depositing a dielectric material on a substrate to be used in the manufacture of integrated circuit chips.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is textured with a pulsed laser light beam through a multiple lens focusing system. The use of a multiple lens focusing system enables the formation of a plurality of relatively uniform protrusions smaller than those obtained with a single lens focusing system, thereby avoiding abrupt local profile changes. In an embodiment, the laser light beam is split, as by offsetting the lenses, to obtain a plurality of pairs of even smaller protrusions than obtained with a laser light beam having a centralized energy profile. The pulsed, multiple lens focused laser light beam can be used to texture a substrate, underlayer or magnetic layer. The resulting laser textured magnetic recording medium exhibits improved flying stability, glide performance and reliability.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is formed with a laser textured glass or glass-ceramic substrate. The use of a pulsed, focused laser light beam, such as a CO.sub.2 derived laser light beam, enables the formation of an accurately textured landing zone on a glass or glass-ceramic substrate which is substantially replicated on subsequently applied layers.

Abstract: Methods for preparing viscoelastic compositions (e.g., adhesives such as hot melt adhesives) in which a pre-viscoelastic composition (e.g., a pre-adhesive composition) is combined with a packaging material and then polymerized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to several novel compositions and methods employing infrared radiation, microwave radiation or high voltage polymerization for modifying the surfaces of materials to impart desired characteristics thereto. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for modifying the surfaces of objects to increase the lubricity, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, or biofunctionality of the surface of the object.

Abstract: Disclosed is an industrial technique for electrode processing for the direct recoating of an electrode surface for use in an electrochemical process wherein the recoating operation is performed without disassembly of the electrode assembly. In the process, a coating solution is applied to the electrode surface and a temperature differential is established, or induced, and maintained between the electrode surface and other components of the assembly while the coating is cured on the electrode surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for customizing a thermoplastic resin in which a thermoplastic resin body is at least partially coated with a thermoplastic coating composition comprising an additive component and a polymeric component. The thermoplastic resin body is at a temperature that is above the onset temperature of the melt processing range of the coating composition. After the coating is applied, the resin body is cooled to solidify the coating composition. Customized thermoplastic resins may be produced more efficiently using the present method than by conventional methods. The customized thermoplastic resins produced according to the invention may be heated to above the onset temperature of the melt processing range of the resin body, mixed to form a substantially uniform mixture and formed into an article.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an organic electroluminescent device, including the steps of sequentially forming a hole transport layer, a bipolar transport layer at need, and an electron transport layer on a transparent electrode side of a transparent substrate having a transparent electrode. After a recombination region layer for electrons and holes of the transport layers is formed, three kinds of fluorescent pigment R, G and B are applied to an upper surface of the recombination region layer. Subsequently, the kinds of fluorescent pigment are heated to be diffused in the recombination layer so that the kinds of fluorescent pigment and the recombination layer constitute a luminescent layer. An organic electroluminescent device produced by this process is disclosed.

Abstract: A method and device for heating silicon carrier bodies in a deposition reactor are by means of radiated heat. In this method, the carrier bodies are irradiated by means of a heat radiation device which emits radiation having a color temperature of at least 2000.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of applying chemical charge-modifiers to a permeable sheet including the steps of: providing a permeable sheet having a plurality of individual exposed surfaces, at least a portion of which having relatively low surface energies; providing an aqueous solution containing amphiphilic macromolecules, the solution having a relatively high surface tension; contacting the solution containing amphiphilic macromolecules under shear stress conditions with the permeable sheet so that at least a portion of the amphiphilic macromolecules are adsorbed onto at least some individual exposed surfaces to form a coated permeable sheet; and contacting the coated permeable sheet with a solution containing chemical charge modifiers to incorporate chemical charge modifiers onto at least a portion of the amphiphilic macromolecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite structure including a semiconductor layer arranged on a diamond layer and/or a diamond-like layer, for subsequent processing to produce electronic components and/or groups of components and to a process for producing such a composite structure. In order to improve the quality of the subsequent components, the diamond layer is deposited underneath the component source zones from which the components are subsequently produced, and the diamond or diamond-like layer is provided at the margins of the component source zones and/or outside of the component source zones with edges where the thickness of the layer changes abruptly such that the edges have an edge height amounting to at least 1O%, preferably at least 50%, of the layer thickness of the diamond layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a material comprising a substrate on whose surface there is at least one pigment coating consisting of one or more pigments of the formula (I) or (II) or derivatives thereofA(D.sub.1)(D.sub.2).sub.x (I)Pc (II)in whichA is the radical of a chromophore of the quinacridone, anthraquinone, perylene, indigo, azo, quinophthalone, isoindolinone, isoindoline, dioxazine, phthalocyanine or diketopyrrolopyrrole series which contains nitrogen atoms attached to D.sub.1 and to x D.sub.2, each nitrogen atom present in A being able independently of the others to be attached to 0, 1 or 2 groups D.sub.1 or D.sub.2,D.sub.1 and D.sub.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a process and a system for transforming a liquid into a solid material using light energy. In particular, a solution containing a parent material in a liquid form is atomized in a reaction vessel and directed towards a substrate. The atomized liquid is exposed to light energy which causes the parent material to form a solid coating on a substrate. The light energy can be provided from one or more lamps and preferably includes ultraviolet light. Although the process of the present invention is well suited for use in many different and various applications, one exemplary application is in depositing a dielectric material on a substrate to be used in the manufacture of integrated circuit chips.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for uniformly ramping the temperatures of a wafer and a susceptor using a first heat source primarily directed at the wafer and a second heat source primarily directed at the susceptor while keeping the wafer at approximately the same temperature as the susceptor but measuring only the temperature of the susceptor. The method comprises the steps of: determining and storing a plurality of steady-state temperatures of the susceptor as a function of the total power provided to the first heat source and the second heat source; ramping the susceptor from an initial temperature to a final temperature; and heating the wafer from the initial temperature to the final temperature, wherein the power to the first heat source is determined from the susceptor's temperature and the plurality of steady-state temperatures of the wafer and susceptor as a function of total power.

Abstract: A method of forming a gaseous treatment atmosphere capable of depositing a silicon-containing film on a nonmetallic substrate comprising the steps of:converting an initial treatment gas mixture into a primary treatment gas mixture in an apparatus for forming excited or unstable gas species, the primary treatment gas mixture comprising excited or unstable gaseous species substantially devoid of electrically charged species,combining the primary treatment gas mixture with an adjacent treatment gas mixture which comprises at least one gaseous silicon precursor which has not passed through the apparatus, to form the gaseous treatment atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powder paint binder composition. The binder composition comprises a hydroxyl functional polymer and a crosslinker containing blocked isocyanate groups. The crosslinker includes (i) a crystalline compound containing blocked isocyanate groups and ii) an amorphous compound containing blocked isocyanate groups. Preferably the crosslinker is a mixture of blocked hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer and blocked 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a plastic container coated with carbon film, which comprises: an external electrode having a hollow space approximately similar to an external shape of the container which is accommodated in the hollow space; an insulating member for insulating the external electrode, a mouth of the container abutting against the insulating member when the container is accommodated in the hollow space of the external electrode; an internal electrode inserted through the mouth of the container into the container accommodated in the hollow space of the external electrode, the internal electrode being earthed; discharging means communicated with the hollow space of the external electrode to discharge air in the hollow space; feeding means for feeding raw gas into the container accommodated in the hollow space of the external electrode; and a high frequency electric source connected to the external electrode.

Abstract: A light influencing element and the process of fabricating the same is disclosed, wherein the light influencing element is fabricated by disposing a layer of a substantially opaque material upon a transparent substrate. One or more openings or wells may then be cut or formed in the surface of the layer of opaque material. Into such openings a light influencing material is then disposed, preferable said materials are injected thereinto as by ink-jet type injection heads. Liquid crystal displays and subassemblies formed upon the light influencing elements of the instant invention are also provided.