Abstract: Provided is an optical member where at least a layer having polyimide as a main component and a layer having a textured structure arising from a crystal containing aluminum oxide as a main component are stacked in this order. The polyimide includes a silane group in a side chain via an amide bond.

Abstract: A silicon carbide epitaxial substrate having a main surface (second main surface) includes: a base substrate; and a silicon carbide epitaxial layer formed on the base substrate and including the main surface (second main surface), the second main surface having a surface roughness of 0.6 nm or less, a ratio of standard deviation of a nitrogen concentration in the silicon carbide epitaxial layer at a surface layer including the main surface (second main surface) within a plane of the silicon carbide epitaxial substrate to an average value of the nitrogen concentration in the silicon carbide epitaxial layer at the surface layer within the plane of the silicon carbide epitaxial substrate being 15% or less.

Abstract: A release film for producing a green sheet of the present invention includes a base material and a release agent layer provided at a side of a first surface of the base material. The release agent layer includes an ultraviolet curable compound (A) having three or more reactive groups selected from the group consisting of a (meth)acryloyl group, an alkenyl group and a maleimide group in one molecule thereof, a polyorganosiloxane (B) and an ?-aminoalkylphenone based photopolymerization initiator (C). An average thickness of the release agent layer is in the range of 0.3 to 2 ?m. An arithmetic average roughness Ra1 of an outer surface of the release agent layer is 8 nm or less and a maximum projection height Rp1 of the outer surface is 50 nm or lower. An arithmetic average roughness Ra2 of a second surface of the base material is in the range of 5 to 40 nm and a maximum projection height Rp2 of the second surface is in the range of 60 to 500 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a multilayered, opaque, biaxially oriented polyolefin film of a vacuole-containing base layer and at least one inner cover layer comprising at least 30-95% by weight of a copolymer and/or terpolymer I having a seal initiation temperature I of 70-105° C. and 5 to 70% by weight of an incompatible polyethylene, each of the specifications in percent by weight being based on the weight of the inner cover layer and the inner cover layer having a seal initiation temperature II of 80 to 110° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a surface structure (4) of a workpiece (1) in the form of a pressed sheet, endless belt, or cylindrical embossing roller using at least one water-jet device with a machining head (25). The method according to the invention allows workpiece surfaces (2) to be machined in an environmentally friendly and inexpensive manner such that the 3D topography of a surface structure of a template or of the negative of the template is reproduced. The surface (2) of the workpiece (1) is partially removed using a water jet device in the method according to the invention. Using the pressed parts machined in this manner, different materials can be pressed for example, such as particle boards with support films, wherein the 3D topography of the surface structure is reproduced on the surface of the pressed material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas barrier film having a first gas barrier layer formed by irradiating a polysilazane-containing layer with a vacuum ultraviolet ray, a second gas barrier layer formed by irradiating a polysilazane-containing layer with a vacuum ultraviolet ray, and a hydrophobic intermediate layer disposed between the first gas barrier layer and the second gas barrier layer and containing a metal compound particle. The invention can provide a gas barrier film having extremely excellent gas barrier property and durability and good productivity.

Abstract: A release film for producing a green sheet of the present invention includes a base material having a first surface and a second surface and a release agent layer formed at a side of the first surface of the base material. A maximum projection height Rp2 of the second surface of the base material is in the range of 60 to 500 nm. An area occupation ratio of projections having a height of 60 nm or higher in the second surface is 10% or less. According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent pinholes and variation in partially thickness from occurring to the green sheet.

Abstract: A method for removing a high definition nanostructure in a partly free-standing layer, the layer, a sensor comprising said layer, a use of said sensor, and a method of detecting a species, and optional further characteristics thereof, using said sensor. The sensor and method are suited for detecting single ions, molecules, low concentrations thereof, and identifying sequences of base pairs, e.g., in a DNA-strand.

Abstract: A roll for use in an electrophotographic image forming device according to one example embodiment includes an elastomeric core having a coating on an outer surface of the elastomeric core. The coating has hollow microparticles dispersed within the coating. The hollow microparticles are compressive and resiliently recoverable after receiving an applied force.

Abstract: The present invention includes a wear-resistant material including: a base material formed of pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy having a projection, and a depression in a pit-like shape on a surface thereof; and a coat including a dehydrate of a hydrated oxide of aluminum, the coat being formed on a surface of the base material. Further, the present invention including a method for producing a wear-resistant material including the steps of: forming a hydrated oxide coat of aluminum on a surface of the base material by a chemical conversion coating; and heating the hydrated oxide coat. Further, the present invention also includes a puffer cylinder and a puffer-type gas circuit breaker applied to the above wear-resistant material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a supporting substrate for manufacturing a flexible information display device capable of easily separating the flexible information display device from the supporting substrate without deforming or damaging the flexible information display device, a manufacturing method thereof, and a flexible information display device manufactured thereby. The supporting substrate for manufacturing a flexible information display device includes: a coating layer formed therein with a plurality micro-protrusions formed on the supporting substrate; and a temporary bonding/debonding layer formed on the coating layer and including an adhesive material mechanically interlocked with and bonded to the supporting substrate through Van der Waals bonding force.

Abstract: The present invention relates more particularly to roofing products for use with photovoltaic elements, and to photovoltaic systems that include one or more photovoltaic elements joined to a roofing substrate. In one aspect, the invention provides a roofing product including: a bituminous roofing substrate having a top surface; and roofing granules embedded in the top surface of the roofing substrate, wherein in at least one over-pressed zone of the roofing product, the roofing granules are embedded so that (a) the over-pressed zone exhibits a 0.20 gram loss or less in a rub test as described in ASTM D-4977; or (b) in the over-pressed zone the average granule embed volume fraction is at least 0.5; or (c) in the over-pressed zone, the average distance between the top of the roofing granules and the top surface of the bituminous roofing substrate is 1.0 mm or less.

Abstract: An article includes a glass substrate and an insert within the glass substrate, the surface roughness (Ra) of the glass substrate and the insert is about 0.05 ?m to about 0.2 ?m.

Abstract: A heat-resistant member comprising a molybdenum alloy that comprises a first phase containing Mo as a main component and a second phase comprising a Mo—Si—B-based intermetallic compound particle phase, wherein the balance is an inevitable impurity and wherein the Si content is 0.05 mass % or more and 0.80 mass % or less and the B content is 0.04 mass % or more and 0.60 mass % or less. The member may be coated.

Abstract: A sculpting machine, a method of sculpting a work-piece and work-products produced therefrom are described. A sculpting machine provides a cutting tool holder that is configured to hold a cutter in contact with a work-piece and move in two or more planes or axes of controlled motion about the work-piece to remove material. The cutter is non-spinning and is held in contact with the work-piece to carve away material, or sculpt the work-piece. The cutter may be held against the work-piece with the cutter in a fixed orientation relative to the surface of the work-piece being cut. The cutter may be moved along a straight line, curve or arc. The resulting product produced may have a much tighter tolerance and smoother surface finish than products machined with conventional techniques.

Abstract: A process for application of metal on a substrate surface comprises applying a mixture of a solvent, a polymerizable monomer, and a photoinitiator on a substrate surface, wherein the photoinitiator does not form two phases together with the monomer and the solvent, i.e. it forms an amorphous mixture without any crystals. The monomer is able to polymerize to a polymer comprising at least one carboxylic group. Thereafter the solvent is evaporated. Polymerization is induced by irradiating the applied dried mixture. Ions are applied and reduced to metal and thereafter further metal can be deposited. The method can be used in industrial processes, both 2D and 3D surfaces can be coated with metal. Materials sensitive to standard grafting chemicals and/or polymers containing halogen atoms can be coated.

Abstract: Article comprising an interpenetrating phase. Embodiments of the articles are useful, for example, for optical and optoelectronic devices, displays, solar, light sensors, eye wear, camera lens, and glazing.

Abstract: A method of increasing a work function of an electrode is provided. The method comprises obtaining an electronegative species from a precursor using electromagnetic radiation and reacting a surface of the electrode with the electronegative species. An electrode comprising a functionalized substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A biaxially stretched polypropylene film for capacitors which has protrusions on both sides and has a thickness (t1 [?m]) of 1 ?m to 3 ?m, wherein Formulae (1) to (4) are satisfied by an A-side as one film surface and a B-side as another film surface: |Pa?Pb|?200;??(1) 0.350?Pa/SRzA?0.700;??(2) 500 nm?SRzA?1,200 nm;??(3) 50 nm?SRzB?500 nm;??(4) wherein, in Formulae (1) to (4), Pa is a number per 0.1 mm2 of protrusions on the A-side, Pb is a number per 0.1 mm2 of protrusions on the B-side, SRzA is a ten-point average roughness of the A-side, and SRzB is a ten-point average roughness of the B-side.

Abstract: A prototype aluminum mold for stampers that is used to manufacture stampers having a fine irregular surface structure on the surface thereof and containing aluminum and magnesium, wherein the content of magnesium is 0.1% by mass to 3% by mass, the content of silicon is 100 ppm by mass or less, the total content of elements other than aluminum and magnesium is 500 ppm by mass or less, and the number of magnesium silicide particles having an equivalent diameter of 10 nm or more on the surface of the prototype aluminum mold for stampers is 10/1000 ?m2 or less.

Abstract: Multilayer flexible element (10), preferably made of wood, and related production process (50) by laser engraving and/or cutting, preferably applied in fashion, furniture and design industries, characterized in that said element is composed of:—a layer of rigid material (11), supplied in sheets or plates, preferably made of wood;—a layer of flexible support material (12), in example a tissue, onto which is connected said layer of rigid material (11);—means of connection (13) of said layer of rigid material (11) to said layer of flexible support material (12), in example by glue, characterized by high elasticity and resistance to temperature changes;—a texture in vector graphics (14) which will define the cutting of the workpiece material, his flexibility and the consequent modeling and softness; wherein said process (50) comprises the following steps:—connection (51) of said layer of rigid material (11) to said layer of flexible support material (12), in example by glue;—design (52) of said texture in vector

Abstract: A release film comprises a base material and a release agent layer provided at one side of the base material. The release agent layer comprises a cured material of a release agent composition. The release agent composition contains an active energy ray curable component and a silicone-based component. A surface of the release agent layer at the opposite side to the base material has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 8 nm or less and a maximum projection height (Rp) of 50 nm or less. An elastic modulus measured by a nanoindentation test of the release agent layer is 4.0 GPa or more. A surface of the base material at the opposite side to the release agent layer has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 5 to 50 nm and a maximum projection height (Rp) of 30 to 500 nm.

Abstract: A tool for making retroreflective articles comprises (a) a substrate comprising a patterned surface comprising an array of microstructured retroreflective elements and (b) a welding seam through at least a portion of the array. An optically degraded area adjacent the welding seam on the patterned surface has a width of about 400 ?m or less.

Abstract: To provide a hard coating composition which forms a hard coat layer that has high visibility and good hardness, while having stretchability. To provide a technique which is capable of effectively preventing blocking phenomenon in a layered product such as a resin film without adversely affecting the visibility. The present invention provides a hard coating composition which contains (A) a phenolic novolac acrylate that has two or more acrylate groups and (B) an aromatic group-containing mono or poly(meth)acrylate compound that contains 1-2 mol of an alkylene oxide structure having two or three carbon atoms in each molecule. This hard coating composition contains 60-85 parts by mass of the phenolic novolac acrylate (A) and 15-30 parts by mass of the (meth)acrylate (B) per 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the hard coating composition.

Abstract: The films of this invention are high temperature superconducting (HTS) thin films specifically optimized for microwave and RF applications. In particular, this invention focuses on compositions with a significant deviation from the 1:2:3 stoichiometry in order to create the films optimized for microwave/RF applications. The RF/microwave HTS applications require the HTS thin films to have superior microwave properties, specifically low surface resistance, Rs, and highly linear surface reactance, Xs, i.e. high JIMD. As such, the invention is characterized in terms of its physical composition, surface morphology, superconducting properties, and performance characteristics of microwave circuits made from these films.

Abstract: A coating includes at least one coating layer containing first particles, second particles, and third particles distributed throughout a cross-linked, continuous polymer matrix. An outer surface of the coating layer includes surfaces of at least first particles extending outward from a top periphery of the polymer matrix. The outer surface exhibits a property of delaying ice formation compared to the coating layer without the first particles. A method includes applying a coating composition in one application step. The one-step coating composition contains first particles, second particles, and third particles in a base containing a polymer. A coating composition includes first particles, second particles, and third particles distributed in a matrix precursor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a laminate for a printed circuit board, a printed circuit board using the same, and a method of manufacturing the same. A laminate according to a preferred embodiment includes a primer layer formed on a metal foil and a resin layer formed on the primer layer.

Abstract: Device surfaces are rendered superhydrophobic and/or superoleophobic through microstructures and/or nanostructures that utilize the same base material(s) as the device itself without the need for coatings made from different materials or substances. A medical device includes a portion made from a base material having a surface adapted for contact with biological material, and wherein the surface is modified to become superhydrophobic, superoleophobic, or both, using only the base material, excluding non-material coatings. The surface may be modified using a subtractive process, an additive process, or a combination thereof. The product of the process may form part of an implantable device or a medical instrument, including a medical device or instrument associated with an intraocular procedure.

Abstract: A substrate for a magnetic recording medium having a disc shape with a central hole is provided in which the surface roughness of the principal surface of the substrate is 1 angstrom or less in terms of root mean square roughness (Rq) when a space period (L) of an undulation in the circumferential direction is in the range 10 to 1,000 ?m, and in which when a component in the vertical axis direction of a line segment Z connecting a point A with the space period (L) of 10 ?m and a point B with the space period (L) of 1,000 ?m in a curve S marked on a double logarithmic graph which is obtained by analyzing the surface roughness using a spectrum and in which the horizontal axis is set to the space period (L) (?m) and the vertical axis is set to the power spectrum density (PSD) (k·angstrom2·?m) (where k is a constant) is defined as H and a displacement at which the component in the vertical axis direction of the curve S is the maximum with respect to the line segment Z is defined as ?H, a value (P) expressed by (?

Abstract: A method of removing material from a sapphire article is described. In particular, the method comprises the step of providing an initial sapphire layer and reducing the thickness of the layer while not significantly increasing the surface roughness of the layer. Cover plates for electronic device and methods of preparing them are also disclosed, along with a method of analyzing a sapphire article produced by the present method.

Abstract: A light emitting diode structure includes a patterned substrate, an N-type semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer, and a P-type semiconductor layer. Plural protruding portions are formed on a surface of the substrate. A horizontal projection of each of the protruding portions on the surface of the substrate has a projection width W1. An interval width W2 is formed between every two adjacent protruding portions. A vertical height h is formed between a peak of each of the protruding portions and the horizontal surface of the surface of the substrate. The value of {[(W1)/2+W2]/h} is substantially equal to tan 46°. The N-type semiconductor layer is located on the substrate and covers the protruding portions. The light emitting layer is located on the N-type semiconductor layer. The P-type semiconductor layer is located on the light emitting layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic-inorganic composite comprising an inorganic compound particle and a polymer attached to the inorganic compound particle, wherein a molecular weight distribution of the polymer is 2.3 or less, and a content of the inorganic compound particle is 96% by mass or less with respect to a total mass of the organic-inorganic composite. Moreover, the present invention relates to a photonic crystal, an organic-inorganic composite film, a coating material, and a thermoplastic composition comprising the organic-inorganic composite.

Abstract: Provided is a resin composition which enables the formation of a roughened surface having a low roughness degree on the surface of an insulation layer in a printed wiring board material when used on the insulation layer regardless of the roughening conditions employed and also enables the formation of a conductive layer having excellent adhesion properties, heat resistance, heat resistance under absorption of moisture, thermal expansion properties and chemical resistance on the roughened surface. A resin composition comprising (A) an inorganic filler that is soluble in an acid, (B) a cyanic acid ester compound and (C) an epoxy resin.

Abstract: There is provided a silver-plated product wherein a silver plating film having a thickness of not greater than 10 micrometers is formed on a base material of copper or a copper alloy and wherein the surface of the silver plating film has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of not greater than 0.1 micrometers, and the silver plating film has a {111} orientation ratio of not less than 35%.

Abstract: A release film for a ceramic green sheet production process is provided. The release film comprises a base material and a release agent layer provided at one side of the base material. The release agent layer comprises a cured material of a release agent composition. The release agent composition contains an active energy ray curable component and a silicone-based component. A surface of the release agent layer at the opposite side to the base material has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 8 nm or less and a maximum projection height (Rp) of 50 nm or less. According to the release film for a ceramic green sheet production process, it is possible to effectively prevent/suppress the occurrence of defects such as pinholes and thickness irregularity in a ceramic green sheet, and the releasability of a ceramic green sheet is also excellent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are tiles, coatings, and related methods that provide both high cleanability and high slip resistance. The coating can be a surface coating with a unique chemical make-up. The surface coating can also have particles suspended within it. During a firing process, the coating and particles can settle in such a manner that the surface structure of the coating, and thus the surface structure of the tile, is both easy to clean and slip-resistant.

Abstract: Spirally wound paper products are disclosed having desirable roll bulk, firmness and softness properties. The rolled products can be made from single ply tissue webs formed according to various processes.

Abstract: An improved screen cover that is configured for tactile learning and a method of utilizing the screen cover for tactile learning. The screen cover is sized and configured to be utilized over the useable area on the upper surface of a tablet, smart phone, computer screen or other touch screen device that displays information which the person using the screen cover and touch screen device can better learn by tactile learning procedures. The screen cover comprises a transparent sheet having a top surface and a bottom surface, with a plurality of textured elements thereon that extend above the top surface. The textured elements can be in a non-Braille pattern. The bottom surface removably attaches to the touch screen device. The person traces his or her finger along the textured elements over the displayed information to utilize the sense of touch to help the person learn and retain the displayed information.

Abstract: A method for providing a nanopattern of periodically ordered metal oxide nanostructures on a substrate is described. The method comprises the steps of providing a microphase separated block copolymer as a thin film on a substrate, the block copolymer comprising a first polymer having an affinity for a cations of the metal and a second polymer having a lower affinity for the cations than the first polymer, and selectively incorporating a salt of the metal cation into the first polymer of the block copolymer by means of a solvation process prior to or after formation of the microphase separated block copolymer. The block copolymer film is then treated to oxidise the metal ion salt and remove the polymers leaving a nanopattern of metal oxide nanostructures on the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a copper clad laminate, a printed circuit board, and a method of manufacturing the same. The copper clad laminate includes: an insulating layer having one surface and the other surface; and first and second copper foil layers having one surface, which is a smooth surface, and the other surface, which is a rough surface having a roughness larger than that of the smooth surface, respectively, wherein one surface of the insulating layer contacts the rough surface of the first copper foil layer and the other surface of the insulating layer contacts the smooth surface of the second copper foil layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a pattern for a decorative panel. The method includes applying a clear gel coat on a mold to form a clear layer. The clear layer is cured and then digitally printed with one or more inks so as to produce a pattern on the clear layer. Also disclosed is a decorative panel including a clear layer, an opaque layer and a pattern digitally printed on the clear layer, between the clear and opaque layers, such that the pattern is visible through the clear layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a micro-array surface that provides for drag reduction. An aerodynamic or hydrodynamic wall surface that is configured to modify a fluid boundary layer on the surface is provided. The wall surface has a plurality of cavities defined therein the surface. In various examples, the interaction of the cavities with a flow of fluid relative to the wall surface is configured to form a plurality of stable, embedded cavity vortices such that a partial slip condition is produced over the wall surface.

Abstract: An example of the coated tool disclosed herein includes a substrate, a metal layer established on the substrate, a continuous metal carbide layer established on the metal layer, and a smooth, continuous, terminated diamond like carbon (DLC) layer established on the metal carbide layer. The DLC layer is to prevent metal, from a workpiece upon which the tool is to act, from adhering to the tool.

Abstract: A crystallization substrate of the present invention includes a noble metal vapor-deposited film having an absorbance in a 500 to 1,000 nm wavelength range and formed in all or part of one surface of the substrate. The noble metal vapor-deposited film has an average thickness of 0.1 to 60 nm. The noble metal vapor-deposited film is a continuous film with a pit formed by vapor deposition in part of the film and surrounded by the continuous film.

Abstract: A resin composition forms a roughened surface with low roughness on an insulating layer regardless of roughening conditions when used as an insulating layer of a printed wiring board, and is excellent in adhesion between the insulating layer and a plated conductor layer, and also has low thermal expansion coefficient (linear expansion coefficient) and high glass transition temperature and is also excellent in moist heat resistance. The resin composition includes an epoxy compound, a cyanate ester compound and an inorganic filler, wherein the cyanate ester compound is at least selected from a naphthol aralkyl type cyanate ester compound, an aromatic hydrocarbon formaldehyde type cyanate ester compound, a biphenyl aralkyl type cyanate ester compound and a novolak type cyanate ester compound; and the content of the epoxy compound is 60 to 75% by weight based on the total amount of the epoxy compound and the cyanate ester compound.

Abstract: A composite material assembly (1) comprises a) a surface enhancing layer (5) comprising at least one layer of fibers, having a length to width aspect ratio of more than 5:1 and b) a structural layer (7) comprising at least one reinforcing fiber and at least one polymeric matrix.

Abstract: The present invention provides a crystalline substance that has an uneven structure extending along the direction of a crystal axis. An aspect of the present invention provides a crystalline substance 1, which has a surface 10L that exposes an oxide crystal thereon and extends in a direction of a crystal axis of the oxide crystal, wherein the surface 10L has an uneven structure that is configured by faces 11L to 14L extending in at least three orientations along the crystal axis.

Abstract: A laminate including a plurality of layers, wherein one of the layers is a heat-activatable expandable layer including a thermally expandable composition. The heat-activatable expandable layer includes a plurality of microcapsules containing the thermally expandable composition. This thermally expandable composition includes an easily volatilizable hydrocarbon, and a binder resin. When subjected to high temperatures during the process of applying a label, the microcapsules rupture and the thermally expandable composition “foams,” which can be used to provide a texture to the label, and can raise or surround the graphics of the label.

Abstract: An antifouling substrate includes a substrate having a surface and an antifouling layer provided on the surface of the substrate. The antifouling layer contains at least one of a first compound having an ester linkage in a portion other than terminal ends and a second compound having a cyclic hydrocarbon group. The advancing contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the antifouling layer is 15° or less, and the receding contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the antifouling layer is 10° or less.

Abstract: Gypsum board having a core, said core having at least one side covered with a non-woven fabric; characterized in that the inner side of the non-woven fabric, which is in contact with the core of the gypsum board, has a surface roughness Ra of from 25 to 60 micrometers, preferably from 25 to 50 micrometers, advantageously from 25 to 40 micrometers.