Abstract: A multilayer interlayer structure having a first and second polyvinyl acetal (poly(vinyl acetal)) layer and a cellulose ester layer having a thickness of at least 10 mils disposed between the first and second poly(vinyl acetal) layers. The cellulose ester layer can have a higher storage modulus and/or higher Tg than at least one of the poly(vinyl acetal) layers. The interlayer structure is useful to make glass panels having high stiffness and which possess good optical clarity for a variety of applications, including outdoor structural applications.

Abstract: A cover of a portable terminal, the cover includes a conductive layer having conductive tiles formed in a region corresponding to a coil, and a protective layer disposed on a surface of the conductive layer.

Abstract: A transmission window (1) for a VUV gas discharge lamp is defined which comprises a substrate (3) which is transparent to the VUV spectrum and a nanolayer stack (2) provided on the substrate, the nanolayer stack (2) comprising at least one nanolayer and the top layer of the nanolayer stack being electrically conducting. Also, a VUV gas discharge lamp, a photo-ionization device and a photo-ionization detector comprising said transmission window are defined.

Abstract: A porous conductive thin film includes a layer of metal nanoparticles decorated on a layer of conductive carbon nanomaterials. The thin film can be supported by a porous support. The porous support can be a MCE paper upon which a metallic or semi-metallic single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) layer is decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) or platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs). The thin film can be constructed by filtering a dispersion of SWCNTs onto MCE filter paper followed by the filtration of a citrate stabilized dispersion of AuNPs or PtNPs onto the SWCNT layer.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a graphite layer on an interstitial carbide layer, includes depositing a metal layer formed by one or more metals on a carbide substrate, the metal layer being able to form an interstitial carbide, the metal layer at least partially covering the carbide substrate; performing a heat treatment during which a temperature higher than the dissociation temperature of the carbide of the carbide substrate is applied; wherein the heat allows a reaction between the metal layer and the carbide substrate to form the interstitial carbide layer as well as a first part of the graphite layer at the surface of the interstitial carbide layer, and, when the metal layer only partially covers the carbide substrate, a formation of a second part of the graphite layer at the surface of the carbide substrate which is not covered with the metal layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel processes for the lamination of semi-crystalline, high-melting point, low glass transition polymeric films, which are extruded and subsequently laminated on various thermally sensitive substrates to form laminated medical device constructs in a specific time interval to allow low processing temperatures to avoid polymer film and/or substrate degradation or heat-related distortions. Also disclosed are laminated medical device constructs made from such processes.

Abstract: A golf club head where at least a first portion of an exterior surface of the golf club head includes depressions is disclosed herein. More specifically, the golf club head has a body with a striking face, a crown portion, a sole portion, and a skirt portion joining the striking face, crown portion and the sole portion and in accordance with the present invention at least a portion of the exterior surface of the body of the golf club head is further comprised of depressions to reduce the aerodynamic drag force on the golf club head. The depressions may be provided on a first portion of the golf club head on one or more of a crown portion, sole portion, skirt portion or striking face.

Abstract: A heat-resistant member according to the present invention includes a member to be protected and a metal oxide ceramic protective layer which is disposed on part of or all surfaces of the member to be protected and which has a porosity of 0 percent by volume or more and 5 percent by volume or less. This heat-resistant member is produced through the step of forming a protective layer by firing a member to be protected provided with a metal raw material in the air in a temperature range lower than the melting point of an oxide of the metal raw material to form a metal oxide ceramic protective layer having a porosity of 0 percent by volume or more and 5 percent by volume or less on part of or all surfaces of the member to be protected.

Abstract: An adhesive system for attachment to a contact surface of an object comprises a backing, carbon nanotubes, charged nanoparticles, and an electrical source. The carbon nanotubes each have a first end region and a second end region, opposite the first end region. Each of the charged nanoparticles is coupled to the second end region of at least one of the carbon nanotubes. The electrical source is configured to selectively electrically charge the backing to cause an electrical repulsion force between the backing and the charged nanoparticles. The first end region of each of the carbon nanotubes is coupled to the backing. The second end region of each of a number of the carbon nanotubes is coupled to none of the charged nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method for increasing the tactile feel of a glass-ceramic article includes (a) performing a first etching of a surface of the glass-ceramic article with a first etchant to create a plurality of features on the surface, wherein the first etchant comprises hydrofluoric acid and an inorganic fluoride salt, and the plurality of features comprises protrusions and recesses and (b) performing a second etching of the surface with a second etchant different from the first etchant to enlarge a distance between adjacent features of a same type, wherein the second etching occurs after the first etching, after the second etching an average distance between adjacent features of a same type is in a range from 0.5 ?m to 20 ?m and a density of features of the same type is in a range from 9,000 to 25,000 features/mm2, and a tactile feel of the surface after the second etching is greater than the tactile feel of the surface before the first etching.

Abstract: An adhesive (B) of solvent containing adhesive as a suspension of low viscosity is prepared by adding a solvent MIBK to a one-part epoxy adhesive of a dicyandiamide-curable type (A). Metal shaped articles (M1 to M5) as adherends are prepared each of which, through various surface treatment, has specific surface configuration of roughened face and/or ultrafine irregularities and the surface is entirely covered with a thin layer of ceramics such as a metal oxide or metal phosphate. The specified face of each metal shaped article (M1 to M5) is painted with the solvent containing adhesive (B). The faces painted with the adhesive of two metal shaped articles (M1 to M5) are caused to abut each other, the articles are heated to cure the one-epoxy adhesive to accomplish adhesion. With one of the adherends replaced by a CFRP shaped article (P2), a composite of a metal and CFRP can be formed.

Abstract: The magnetic recording medium has a magnetic layer containing multiple nonmagnetic particles having a ratio, major axis length/minor axis length, of less than or equal to 1.5, the multiple nonmagnetic particles are present in the magnetic layer in a state where, when the depth to which each of the multiple nonmagnetic particles is embedded in the magnetic layer in observation of a sectional image picked up by SEM is denoted as b and the thickness of the magnetic layer as t, the average value of the ratio of b/t is less than or equal to 0.9, and the number of protrusions 5 nm or greater in height is 800 or greater and the number of protrusions 20 nm or greater in height is 20 or less as measured by AFM per an area 40 ?m×40 ?m on the magnetic layer side surface of the magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: An electronic component includes dielectric layers laminated along a lamination direction and shield electrodes. The dielectric layers include first and second dielectric layers. The side surfaces of the first dielectric layer are not covered with the shield electrodes. The side surfaces of the second dielectric layer are covered with the shield electrodes. The dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer is lower than the second dielectric constant of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a porous material having a surface that is concurrently both superhydrophilic (having a first apparent advancing dynamic contact angle of less than or equal to about 5° for water) and oleophobic (having a second apparent advancing dynamic contact angle of greater than or equal to about 90°) or superoleophobic (a second apparent advancing dynamic contact angle of greater than or equal to about 150° for oil). Such materials can be used in a separator device to separate a liquid-liquid mixture of immiscible components (e.g., oil and water) or miscible components (e.g., alcohols). Separation apparatus incorporating such materials and methods of making and using these materials are also provided.

Abstract: A charging device is configured to apply electric charge to an image carrier provided outside the charging device. The charging device includes: a cored bar member; and a conductive resin layer provided on a surface of the cored bar member. The conductive resin layer has a film thickness of 200 ?m or less. Filtered maximum waviness in an axial direction of the cored bar member is 8 ?m or less in a range of a reference length of 60 mm.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a joined body in which a plurality of structures are joined to each other, the method including forming of an adhesive layer on one face of a medium; adjusting of viscosity of the adhesive layer formed in the forming of the adhesive layer; transcribing the adhesive layer of which viscosity is adjusted in the adjusting of viscosity to the structure; and measuring of surface roughness of the adhesive layer on a transcribing film in a stage before the transcribing.

Abstract: Technologies are described for methods and systems effective for etching nanostructures in a substrate. The methods may comprise depositing a patterned block copolymer on the substrate. The methods may comprise applying a precursor to the patterned block copolymer to generate an infiltrated block copolymer. The precursor may infiltrate into the first polymer block domain and generate a material. The methods may comprise applying a removal agent effective to remove the polymer block domains to the infiltrated block copolymer to generate a pattern of the material. The methods may comprise etching the substrate. The pattern of the material may mask the substrate to pattern the etching. The etching may be performed under conditions to produce nanostructures in the substrate. The methods may comprise removing the pattern of the material and coating the nanostructures and the surface of the substrate with a hydrophobic coating.

Abstract: A glass article having a low level of grainy appearance that can appear to have a shift in the pattern of the grains with changing viewing angle of a display, or “sparkle.” The glass article—which, in some embodiments, is a transparent glass sheet—has small-angle-scattering properties and/or distinctness-of-reflected-image (DOI), leading to improved viewability in display applications, especially under high ambient lighting conditions. In some embodiments, the antiglare surface of the glass sheet is an etched surface, with no foreign coating present on the antiglare surface.

Abstract: The coated metal plate pertaining to the present invention is a coated metal plate for exterior use, and has a metal plate and a top coating film disposed on the metal plate. The top coating film contains 0.01-15 vol % of porous particles as a gloss adjusting agent, and the coated metal plate satisfies the expressions below. In the expressions below, R is the number-average particle diameter (?m), D97.5 is the diameter (?m) of 97.5% of the particles, Ru is the upper limit particle diameter (?m), and T is the film thickness (?m) of the top coating film in the number particle size distribution of the gloss adjusting agent. D97.5/T?0.7; Ru?1.2T; R?1.0; 3?T?20.

Abstract: A method of covering a roof deck involves adhering a preformed, self adhering single ply roofing membrane which includes a water impermeable membrane, a pressure sensitive, hot melt adhesive adhered to one side of the water impermeable membrane, and a release liner on the side of the pressure sensitive, hot melt adhesive opposite of the water impermeable membrane.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method, including creating a first layer over a substrate, wherein the first layer is configured for directed self-assembly of a block copolymer thereover; creating a continuous second layer over the first layer by directed self-assembly of a block copolymer, wherein the second layer is also configured for directed self-assembly of a block copolymer thereover; and creating a third layer over the continuous second layer by directed self-assembly of a block copolymer. Also provided is an apparatus, comprising a continuous first layer comprising a thin film of a first, phase-separated block copolymer, wherein the first layer comprises a first chemoepitaxial template configured for directed self-assembly of a block copolymer thereon; and a second layer on the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises a thin film of a second, phase-separated block copolymer.

Abstract: A recording medium including a substrate and an ink-receiving layer. The ink-receiving layer contains an inorganic particle, a water-insoluble resin and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber and a hindered amine photostabilizer. The average pore radius of the inorganic particle is 5.0 nm or less.

Abstract: A method of estimating a frictional resistance of a ship bottom coating film, the method including measuring any one of Rz (maximum height roughness), Rc (mean height of roughness profile elements), Ra (arithmetic mean roughness), Rq (root mean square roughness) and RZJIS (ten-point mean roughness) as a roughness height R in a mean length RSm of roughness profile elements in the range of 2,000 to 10,000 ?m according to JIS B 0601:2001 (ISO4287:1997) on a coating film formed by applying a ship bottom coating paint on a substrate and calculating a frictional resistance increase rate FIR (%) from a mirror surface by the following formula (1), wherein coefficient C is a constant depending on the kind of the roughness height R and a frictional resistance testing method, and is previously determined in such a manner that plural ship bottom coating films each having different roughness are subjected to a roughness measurement and a frictional resistance test in a definite evaluation length, and then the coefficient

Abstract: A method for designing anti-reflective structure in which plurality of nanostructures formed of projected portions on substrate surface are provided at intervals equal to or less than visible light wavelength, in order to reduce chroma (?(a*2+b*2)) of reflected light with respect to white light to as close to zero as possible, average height of nanostructures from flat portion of substrate surface is 180 nm or greater and 290 nm or less; and filling rate of nanostructures, i.e., ratio of area of bottom surface of nanostructures to area of substrate surface in plan view of anti-reflective structure is defined, in terms of relationship between filling rate and chroma (?(a*2+b*2)) of reflected light from anti-reflective structure with respect to white light, so as to fall within range of ±5% of filling rate at which chroma takes on minimum value.

Abstract: An adhesive composition includes an acrylic polymer (A) having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 350,000 or higher obtained by polymerizing an acrylic monomer by living radical polymerization using an organotellurium-containing compound as the polymerization initiator, an epoxy thermosetting resin (B), and a thermosetting agent (C). The adhesive composition is capable of joining with sufficient adhesive strength and capable of achieving high package reliability in a semiconductor device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an abrasive support, to an abrasive article comprising such a support, to the method for producing the same, and to the use of the abrasive article. According to at least one embodiment, the abrasive support comprises an impregnated support material based on synthetic fibers. The impregnated support material has at least on one side having a surface roughness Rz of 100 ?m to 500 ?m, and having an Rmax of 250 ?m to 600 ?m. The support has an air permeability of at most 20 l/m2 s.

Abstract: Variations of this invention provide durable, impact-resistant structural coatings that have both dewetting and anti-icing properties. The coatings in some embodiments possess a self-similar structure that combines a low-cost matrix with two feature sizes that are tuned to affect the wetting of water and freezing of water on the surface. Dewetting and anti-icing performance is simultaneously achieved in a structural coating comprising multiple layers, wherein each layer includes (a) a continuous matrix; (b) discrete templates dispersed that promote surface roughness to inhibit wetting of water; and (c) nanoparticles that inhibit heterogeneous nucleation of water. These structural coatings utilize low-cost, lightweight, and environmentally benign materials that can be rapidly sprayed over large areas using convenient coating processes.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for manufacturing a decorative-part that makes it surely and easily possible to provide fine hairline-patterns that are similar to real texture by a laser-drawing process. By the method for manufacturing the decorative part, a laser-drawing process is done onto the coating-film 21 that has been formed on the surface 13 of the three-dimensional part-material 12. In this process a laser-processed groove-group 23 consists of a number of laser-processed grooves 24, 25, thus providing the hairline-pattern 22 on the coating-film 21. The laser processed groove-group 23 consists of various types of arc-like laser-processed grooves 24, 25 that comprise different curvature radii R of 1,000 mm or more. The arc-like laser-processed grooves 24, 25 are arranged extending appropriately in the same direction and of which each groove crosses at three degrees or less in irregular overlaps that show the line of each groove being wider than any other part.

Abstract: The invention provides a fixation member having a fluororesin tube serving as a release layer which attains both suitable electrical conductivity and high releasability. The fixation member (fixation tube) has a release layer on the surface thereof. The release layer is formed of a fluororesin tube containing carbon. The fluororesin tube has a percent dielectric relaxation of 1.0% to 5.0% or an optical transmission density of 1 to 4. The fluororesin tube preferably has a dielectric constant of 2.15 to 2.5.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a roofing membrane laminate includes a first layer of an uncured ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) material and a second layer of a thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) material coupled with the EPDM material. The EPDM material has a thickness of between about 50 mils and 70 mils and the TPO material has a thickness of between about 15 mils and 35 mils. The EPDM material and TPO material are coupled via crosslinking of the TPO and EPDM material at an interface thereof, whereby at least a top portion of the EPDM material is cured via the application of heat after the EPDM material and TPO material are placed into contact so as to effect crosslinking of the materials.

Abstract: A strengthened glass sheet product along with a process and an apparatus for strengthening a glass sheet are provided. The process comprises cooling the glass sheet by non-contact thermal conduction for sufficiently long to fix a surface compression and central tension of the sheet. The process results in thermally strengthened glass sheets having improved breakage properties.

Abstract: This coated metal plate is a chromate-free coated metal plate for exterior applications, which comprises a metal plate and a coating film that is arranged on the metal plate. The coating film contains 0.2-15 vol % of porous particles as a gloss control agent, and contains 0.2-15 vol % of primary particles as a matting agent. If R1 (?m) is the number average particle diameter of the gloss control agent, R2 (?m) is the number average particle diameter of the matting agent, T (?m) is the film thickness of the coating film, ?1 (?m) is the standard deviation of the number-based particle size distribution of the gloss control agent and ?2 (?m) is the standard deviation of the number-based particle size distribution of the matting agent, the coated metal plate satisfies the following formulae. (R1+2?1)/T?0.7 R1?2.0 2.0?(R2+2?2)/T?7.0 13?T?20.

Abstract: A membrane composite comprising a polymeric membrane panel, an adhesive layer, and a release liner, where the adhesive layer is a pressure-sensitive adhesive that is at least partially cured, and includes at least two distinct regions with the at least two regions having distinct states of cure.

Abstract: A metal or ceramic component includes at least one multi-dimensionally structured connection portion, wherein the connection portion is intended for forming an adhesive bond to fiber-reinforced polymer laminate, and wherein the metal or ceramic component has a milliscale structure, in particular formed by anchoring elements, and a microscale structure on the connection portion and the anchoring elements, over which microscale structure an additional nanoscale structure is formed.

Abstract: An article with controllable wettability includes a substrate and a layer of a composite material supported on the substrate. The layer has an exposed surface and the composite material includes particles that have controllable polarization embedded fully or partially in a matrix. A controller is operable to selectively apply a controlled variable activation energy to the layer. The controllable polarization of the particles varies responsive to the controlled variable activation energy such that a wettability of the exposed surface also varies responsive to the controlled variable activation energy.

Abstract: A layered object including a plurality of layers, the layered object includes a first part, and a second part. The first part includes a first face having a shape of protrusions and depressions. The first part constitutes a part of the layers. The second part is in contact with the first face. The second part includes a second face that fits with the protrusions and depressions and includes a third face opposite the second face. The second part includes another part of the layers. The third face includes a portion that has a higher degree of flatness than a degree of flatness of the protrusions and depressions.

Abstract: A two-stage wound dressing assembly includes a wound cover and a carrier. The wound cover has a length and width substantially greater than a height (or thickness), a first major surface, and a second major surface comprising a polyurethane film, opposite the first. The first major surface has disposed thereon a wound cover pressure sensitive adhesive comprising a colloidal absorbent, and it is arranged and configured to adhere to mammalian skin during use. The carrier has a length and width substantially greater than a height (or thickness), a first major surface, and a second major surface, opposite the first. The carrier is formed of a foamed polymeric web having a height of between about 200 and about 500 ?m. The first major surface of the carrier is disposed in facing relation and is removably attached to the second major surface of the wound cover, and it has disposed thereon at least one pressure sensitive adhesive.

Abstract: An edge surface of a magnetic-disk glass substrate containing an alkali metal component as a glass composition is a mirror surface, and in a bearing ratio curve of roughness cross-sectional areas obtained by measuring a surface roughness of the edge surface obtained by etching the edge surface by 2.5 ?m, a roughness percentage when a bearing ratio of a roughness cross-sectional area is 50% is 40% or more.

Abstract: A method of preparing a seamless membrane over a flat or low-sloped roof, the method comprising applying multiple layers of a liquid coating composition over a roof surface, where said step of applying includes applying at least one layer of a liquid coating composition that includes expandable graphite.

Abstract: A methacrylic resin composition having high heat resistance, excellent birefringence, and excellent heat stability and molding processability is provided. A methacrylic resin composition comprises: a methacrylic resin including a structural unit (X) having a cyclic structure-containing main chain, the structural unit (X) being at least one type selected from the group consisting of an N-substituted maleimide monomer-derived structural unit, a glutarimide-based structural unit, and a lactone ring structural unit; and an organic phosphorous compound, wherein a glass transition temperature is more than 120° C. and 160° C. or less, a content of a phosphorus element is 10 mass ppm to 1000 mass ppm, and a ratio P3/P5 of an integral value P3 of a spectral peak assigned to trivalent phosphorus to an integral value P5 of a spectral peak assigned to pentavalent phosphorus in 31P-NMR measurement is 0.2 to 5.0.

Abstract: A material includes a sheet of metal having a first face and an opposed second face, and a metal grain direction. The first face is textured with a first set of texturing features. Each texturing feature of the first set includes, respectively, a groove cut into the first face and extending along a groove axis, and a barb extending from the groove and away from the first face. The texturing features of the first set are arranged in a plurality of rows, and the groove axes of the texturing features in a given row extend generally parallel to the given row. The rows are generally non-perpendicular to the grain direction.

Abstract: A method of towing or pushing an object using a micro-robot is provided that includes attaching a micro-robot, using a first dry adhesive, to a surface, where the dry adhesive includes micro wedges, where the micro wedges are attached to the surface when the micro wedges are in a deformed state, applying a load to the attached micro-robot, advancing the micro-robot, using a lifting element, where the lifting element includes a uni-directional footing, where the lifting element is disposed to detach the first dry adhesive and advance the micro-robot across the surface while the uni-directional footing is attached to the surface, where the detached first dry adhesive includes micro wedges in an free-standing state, where the load is advanced across the surface.

Abstract: A strengthened glass sheet product along with a process and an apparatus for strengthening a glass sheet are provided. The process comprises cooling the glass sheet by non-contact thermal conduction for sufficiently long to fix a surface compression and central tension of the sheet. The process results in thermally strengthened glass sheets having improved breakage properties.

Abstract: A head-mounted display for a virtual-reality system includes one or more outer surfaces having a plurality of recesses. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are installed in respective recesses of the plurality of recesses. The recesses are covered with covers that are substantially flush with respective surfaces of the one or more outer surfaces of the head-mounted display.

Abstract: Polymeric coatings and methods of forming polymeric coatings are described. In a method of forming a polymeric coating a first layer is deposited on a substrate. The first layer includes at least one highly soluble diamine component. A second layer is formed on the substrate to contact the first layer. The second layer includes paraformaldehyde and an aromatic diamine including two primary amine groups. Once formed, the first and second layers are heated. Heating causes the components of the first and second layers to cure. For example, the paraformaldehyde from the second layer diffuses into the first layer and reacts via hemiaminal-type chemistry with the high soluble diamine component. The coatings may be substantially homogenous or comprise a compositional gradient in thickness or along the substrate plane depending on deposition methods and other processing parameters.

Abstract: A method for producing silicon carbide substrates fit for epitaxial growth in a standard epitaxial chamber normally used for silicon wafers processing. Strict limitations are placed on any substrate that is to be processed in a chamber normally used for silicon substrates, so as to avoid contamination of the silicon wafers. To take full advantage of standard silicon processing equipment, the SiC substrates are of diameter of at least 150 mm. For proper growth of the SiC boule, the growth crucible is made to have interior volume that is six to twelve times the final growth volume of the boule. Also, the interior volume of the crucible is made to have height to width ratio of 0.8 to 4.0. Strict limits are placed on contamination, particles, and defects in each substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes nano-structured light extraction color filter laminates, and articles and methods of using nanostructured light extraction color filter laminates for the fabrication of an OLED including a nanostructure, using lamination techniques. Nanostructured OLED devices can exhibit enhanced light extraction efficiency. The methods involve transfer and/or replication of a film, layer, or coating in order to form a nanostructured surface that is in optical contact with the emitting surface of an OLED in, for example, a top emitting or a bottom emitting active matrix OLED (TE-AMOLED or BE-AMOLED) device. The articles having enhanced light extraction efficiency can be of particular use in color-by-white (CBW) OLED displays, which use white-light spectrum OLEDs with a color filter array.

Abstract: A metal-resin composite body (100) of the present invention is obtained by bonding a resin member (101) and a metal member (102) together. The resin member (101) is obtained by curing a thermosetting resin composition (P) containing a thermosetting resin (A) and a filler (B). The metal member (102) has a roughened layer (104) including fine irregularities on at least a bonding surface (103) bonded to the resin member (101). A portion of the filler (B) is present in depression portions constituting the irregularities of the roughened layer (104).

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods to create higher quality group III-nitride wafers that then generate improvements in the crystalline properties of ingots produced by ammonothermal growth from an initial defective seed. By obtaining future seeds from carefully chosen regions of an ingot produced on a bowed seed crystal, future ingot crystalline properties can be improved. Specifically the future seeds are optimized if chosen from an area of relieved stress on a cracked ingot or from a carefully chosen N-polar compressed area. When the seeds are sliced out, miscut of 3-10° helps to improve structural quality of successive growth. Additionally a method is proposed to improve crystal quality by using the ammonothermal method to produce a series of ingots, each using a specifically oriented seed from the previous ingot. When employed, these methods enhance the quality of Group III nitride wafers and thus improve the efficiency of any subsequent device.

Abstract: A strengthened glass sheet product along with a process and an apparatus for strengthening a glass sheet are provided. The process comprises cooling the glass sheet by non-contact thermal conduction for sufficiently long to fix a surface compression and central tension of the sheet. The process results in thermally strengthened glass sheets having improved breakage properties.