Abstract: A ceramic protective coating system and process for applying the same is provided for superalloy base metal turbine components which are subjected to elevated exhaust temperatures and which exist in a corrosive fluid environment due to the use of fuels which form corrosive compounds upon combustion. The ceramic overcoat consists of at least one protective magnesium titanate of the group MgTiO.sub.3 and Mg.sub.2 TiO.sub.4.

Abstract: A method for producing a tin free steel having double layers consisting of a lower layer of flatly deposited metallic chromium and an upper layer of insoluble hydrated chromium oxide which is characterized by a dissolution of soluble hydrated chromium oxide after the formation of three layers consisting of a bottom layer of metallic chromium, a middle layer of insoluble hydrated chromium oxide and an upper layer of soluble hydrated chromium oxide on a steel base by using a chromic acid electrolyte with a small amount of fluoride compound.By using this tin free steel, a welded can body can be produced at high speed without the removal of the plated layer in the welded part because this tin free steel has an excellent weldability.

Abstract: A method of bonding copper and resin comprising the steps of:a) forming a layer of copper oxide on a surface of copper by oxidation of copper;b) reducing the layer of copper oxide thus formed to metallic copper with a reducing solution with the addition of an alkaline solution and a stabilizer at a controlled temperature under a circulated condition within a controlled period of time to modify its morphology; andc) forming a layer of copper oxide on a surface of the metallic copper by baking; andd) bonding the surface of the copper oxide formed by the baking and a resin together by heat-pressing.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of composite materials consisting essentially of an oxide phase and a metal phase is effected by grinding a mixture of at least one oxide precursor of the metal phase of the composite with at least one reducing agent, the reducing agent being a precursor of the oxide phase. The grinding being performed in a high energy mechanical grinder for a sufficient length of time so that at least 80 percent of the oxide precursor is reduced to metal or to a metal alloy. The process is particularly valuable for the preparation of oxide/metal composite materials which have improved mechanical, electrical or radiation absorption properties.

Abstract: An electro-deposition coated member has a metal substrate or a non-metal substrate having been subjected to metal plating, a chemically colored film provided on said substrate, and a conductive electro-deposition coating film formed on said chemically colored film.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a composite structure consisting of a filamentary material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, silicon carbide-coated boron, boron carbide-coated boron, titanium boride-coated silicon carbide and silicon-coated silicon carbide, embedded in an alpha-2 titanium aluminide metal matrix, which comprises the steps of modifying the desired filamentary material with at least one beta stabilizer, providing a beta-stabilized Ti.sub.3 Al foil, fabricating a preform consisting of alternating layers of foil and a plurality of at least one of the beta stabilizer-coated filamentary materials, and applying heat and pressure to consolidate the preform.The composite structure fabricated using the method of this invention is characterized by its lack of a denuded zone and absence of fabrication cracking.

Abstract: A composite structure comprising a symmetric bimetallic laminate bonded to a separate substrate is provided by eutectic bonding the bimetallic laminate to the substrate. A variety of beneficial structures can be provided.

Abstract: A protective coating of iron and steel products is described, wherein an adherent and rough layer of scale is formed, on which is directly deposited a layer of a protective material. The qualities of the layer of scale result from the fact that the product is shaped hot and the speed of its cooling is controlled so that the resultant thickness of scale is less than a threshold of adherence characteristic of the material and of the temperature at the end of shaping. The layer of protective material is obtained by metallization with zinc or an alloy based on zinc. The invention is principally applicable to long iron and steel products, and in particular to reinforcing bars for concrete.

Abstract: Stress-induced deformation, and the damage resulting therefrom, increases with film thickness. The overcoming of excessive stress by the use of the film material of the present invention, permits the formation of thick films that are necessary for certain of the above described applications. The most likely use for the subject film materials, other than their specialized views as an optical film, is for microelectronic packaging of components on silicon substrates.In general, the subject Si-Al-O-N films have excellent adherence to the underlying substrate, a high degree of hardness and durability, and are excellent insulators. Prior art elevated temperature deposition processes cannot meet the microelectronic packaging temperature formation constraints. The process of the present invention is conducted under non-elevated temperature conditions, typically 500# C. or less.

Abstract: A galvannealed steel sheet having distinguished anti-powdering property and anti-flaking property is disclosed. The steel sheet comprises a matrix steel sheet and a galvannealed coating layer having a coating weight of 45 to 90 g/m.sup.2, composed of 8.about.12 wt. % Fe and 0.05.about.0.35 wt. %, preferably 0.05.about.0.30 wt. % Al, the balance being Zn, provided on at least one side of the matrix steel sheet, the galvannealed coating layer having a .GAMMA. phase with a thickness of not more than 1.3 .mu.m, preferably not more than 1.0 .mu.m in the region at the boundary to the matrix steel sheet, and the surface region of galvannealed coating layer has a structure either (1) .eta. and .zeta. phases do not exist in the surface region of the galvannealed coating layer, or, (2) when at least one of .eta. and .zeta. phases exist therein, the total amount of the at least one of .eta. and .zeta. phases in the galvannealed coating layer is not more than 1.5 g/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A process for treating the surface of a die-cast article including the steps of chemically cleaning the surface, cleaning the surface with an argon plasma, depositing an ion vapor generated metallic coating, mechanically treating the deposited coating, and chromate converting the mechanically treated coating. Preferably, the die-cast metal article consists essentially of an aluminum or magnesium alloy while the metallic coating is aluminum. The mechanical treatment may be carried out by bead blasting, tumbling or barreling and may be followed by walnut shell polishing.

Abstract: The naturally occurring metal oxide layer in contact with a metal in the bulk state is treated with a solution of a salt of yttrium or the lanthanide metals. The treatment is applied in order to increase the adhesive strength of bonds between the metal and subsequently applied adhesives and to enhance the durability of such bonds in aqueous environments. The concentration of the applied solution is preferably in the range 10.sup.-2 to 10.sup.-6 M. Yttrium or samarium nitrate is the preferred salt. The treatment is preferably used in conjunction with epoxy resin adhesives.

Abstract: An electroplated steel sheet having a plurality of coatings, excellent in workability, corrosion resistance and water-resistant paint adhesivity, which comprises:an iron-chromium-zinc alloy coating as a lower layer, having a coating weight of from 0.1 to 40 g/m.sup.2 per side, formed on the surface of a steel sheet, consisting essentially of:iron: from 3 to under 15 wt. %,chromium: from 0.1 to 1 wt. %, andthe balance being zinc and incidental impurities;another iron-chromium-zinc alloy coating as an intermediate layer, having a coating weight of from 20 to 59.9 g/m.sup.2 per side, formed on the iron-chromium-zinc alloy coating as the lower layer, consisting essentially of:iron: from 10 to 40 wt. %,chromium: from over 1 to under 30 wt.

Abstract: An article of manufacture, for example a conductor for an electrical wire or cable, is provided with a refractory coating preferably formed from a refractory metal or semi-metal oxide or nitride and preferably deposited on the surface of the article by a vacuum deposition process such as a sputter ion plating method. Adhesion of the refractory coating, especially at high temperatures may be improved, and migration of the substrate metal through the coating may be suppressed by varying the stoichiometry of the coating through its thickness and/or by the provision of a metallic or refractory intermediate layer. The articles are particularly suitable for use in circuit and signal integrity cables.The vacuum deposited refractory layer may constitute the sole refractory, or additional refractory layers may be deposited by other methods e.g. a sol-gel method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel substrate with metal coatings for the reinforcement of vulcanizable elastomers, as well as a method for the continuous manufacture of a thus coated substrate and elastomer objects reinforced with said substrate.The substrate is provided with a first coating and a second coating at least covering part of the first one and a bonding layer being present between the two said coatings. The second coating comprises e.g. cobalt that can be applied by plasma sputtering. The coating combination can be easily adapted to the specific elastomer compositions and the reinforcement requirements aimed at.

Abstract: A pack assembly for use in hot rolling a material sensitive to heat loss, such as gamma titanium aluminide. The pack assembly has a pair of opposed deformable metal cover plates adjacent opposite outer major surfaces of at least one flat product of the material to be hot rolled positioned between the cover plates. A continuous thermal barrier is positioned between each of the outer major surfaces of each of the cover plates.

Abstract: A ceramic-coated heat resisting alloy member comprises a base metal mainly composed of at least one of nickel, cobalt and iron; a mixture layer which is deposited on the external surface of the base metal and which comprises a ceramics and a metal; an alloy layer which is formed between the mixture layer and a ceramic coating layer formed as an outermost layer and which comprises an alloy material exhibiting excellent resistance to high temperature oxidation and excellent resistance to high temperature corrosion. It is therefore possible to prevent any high temperature oxidation and high temperature corrosion of the mixture layer and to enable the mixture layer to have a satisfactory function of reducing the thermal stress produced between the ceramic coating layer and the base metal. The ceramic coating thus has a satisfactory thermal barrier effect on the base metal.

Abstract: A zinc- or zinc alloy-coated steel sheet having an excellent spot-weldability, comprising: a base steel sheet; one or more layers coated on the steel sheet, at least one of the coated layers containing zinc as a major component; and an oxidized layer formed on the outermost of the coated layers and containing zinc in an amount of from 0.03 to 3.0 g/m.sup.2, the oxidized layer containing at least one of zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide.

Abstract: A process for producing by simultaneous lamination a polymer/metal/polymer laminate, which process comprises laminating to one of the major surfaces of a metal sheet a composite polyester film (A) comprising an inner layer (A1) of a substantially non-crystalline linear polyester having a softening point below 150.degree. C. and a melting point above 150.degree. C. but below 240.degree. C. and an outer layer (A2) of a linear polyester having a melting point above 220.degree. C., and simultaneously laminating to the other major surface of the metal sheet a polyolefin-containing film (B) comprising a bonding resin which is an acid modified polyolefin-resin containing carboxyl or anhydride groups, the metal sheet having been heated to a temperature T.sub.1 sufficient to cause softening of the polymer films and intimate contact with the metal sheet, the temperature T.sub.

Abstract: A laminated metal sheet having adhered to one of its major surfaces a composite co-extruded polyolefin-containing film (B) comprising a plurality of layers in the following order:(B1) an inner layer of a bonding resin which is an acid modified polyolefin resin containing carboxyl or anhydride groups,(B2) a layer of a polyolefin,(B3) a further layer of a bonding resin which is as defined for layer (B1), and(B4) a layer of a polyamide.The laminates of the invention are useful for forming into containers or various components therefor.

Abstract: The coated article includes a refractory metal substrate having an oxidation resistant intermetallic layer formed in situ thereon; e.g., a fused refractory metal silicide layer, and a ceramic layer applied on and adhering to the intermetallic layer to provide enhanced high temperature properties and improved resistance to premature catastrophic failure in high temperature oxidizing environments where dissimilar materials are present that may destructively react with the inermetallic layer.

Abstract: An erosion and corrosion resistant coating is formed of a plurality of alternating layers of metallic and ceramic materials. The two materials selected for the layers have complementary wear resistant characteristics, such that one is relatively ductile and the other is relatively brittle. The concentration of the two materials at the interface between adjacent layers is graded to improve the adhesion of the layers and to provide a more unified coating. Prefereably radio-frequency sputtering is employed to deposit the coating, since it does not produce excessive heating which could negate any prior heat treatment of the substrate onto which the coating is deposited.

Abstract: In a solderable layer system in which a conductor layer which is partially covered with a layer of solder is applied to a support, the solder layer consists of an alloy in which a reducing agent is contained. The alloy is preferably brass.

Abstract: A plated steel strip having an enhanced corrosion and rust resistance and an improved paint-coating property comprises a principal plating layer formed on a steel strip substrate and comprising a co-deposited zinc-chromium based alloy which comprises more than 5% by weight but not more than 40% by weight of chromium and the balance of zinc.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in liquid-phase, gas-phase and mixed-phase reactions is disclosed for providing an efficient flow-through design within which results a low pressure drop. The apparatus may be used as a catalyst or electrocatalyst and consists essentially of a ceramic substrate having thin walls with open porosity wherein said walls define a plurality of cells extending substantially longitudinally parallel through-and-through the substrate. The substrate includes an electrically conductive layer, having a resistivity of no greater than about 100 ohm-cm. The apparatus exhibits an improved structural geometry and provides greater meniscus control.

Abstract: The coated article includes a refractory metal substrate having an oxidation resistant intermetallic layer formed in situ thereon; e.g., a fused refractory metal silicide layer, and a ceramic layer applied on and adhering to the intermetallic layer to provide enhanced high temperature properties and improved resistance to premature catastrophic failure in high temperature oxidizing environments where dissimilar materials are present that may destructively react with the intermetallic layer.

Abstract: A calcium phosphate-coated composite material is disclosed, comprising a metallic substrate, an oxide layer on the metallic substrate, said oxide layer consisting essentially of the oxide of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, tin, cobalt, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, and a coating layer of calcium phosphate provided on the oxide layer. A process for production of the calcium phosphate-coated composite material is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are slide parts, comprising one part made of an aluminium alloy having an Alumite layer formed on the slide surface thereof and the other part made of an aluminium alloy having a Fe-series wet-plated layer formed on the slide surface thereof, which is to be in contact with and slide on the slide surface of the former alloy part; and a method of the manufacture of the slide parts. The slide parts are lightweight and are excellent in abrasion-resistance and baking-resistance. The clearance variation by temperature is little, and the slide parts are suitable for use as reciprocating slide parts.

Abstract: A chromate surface treated steel sheet having very excellent paintability, corrosion resistance, and workability, more specifically surface treated steel sheets for paint coating, having very excellent properties, specifically with respect to corrosion resistance after paint coating, paint adhesion in services long after the paint coating (so-called secondary paint adhesion), corrosion resistance of paint coating defect portions, and resistance to secondary work cracking. The steel sheet contains not more than 0.15% carbon, 0.005 to 0.10% acid soluble aluminium, 0.5 to 20% chromium with the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities, and the chromate coating applied on the steel substrate comprises a metallic chromium layer in an amount ranging from 1 to 300 mg/m.sup.2, and a hydrated chromium oxide layer in an amount ranging from 5 to 50 mg/m.sup.2 in term of the metallic chromium contained therein.

Abstract: Ceramic substrates, e.g. of silicon carbide or silicon nitride are protected against mechanical surface wear at high temperatures by an arc coating with a refractory metal followed by coating with another metal and then with a wear-reducing high density layer, e.g. of a metal oxide, nitride or carbide.

Abstract: A thermal head for a printer in accordance with the present invention comprises: a substrate (11); a heater layer (12) on the substrate; lead wires (13a and 13b) formed on the heater layer for supplying electric power to the heater layer; and a single protective layer (20) for protecting the heater layer and the lead wires by covering them, the protective layer including an oxide or a nitride.

Abstract: This invention relates to a metallizing composition capable of forming an electroconductive coating of satisfactory adherence properties on the surface of a sintered ceramic article, particularly on a sintered silicon nitride type ceramic article. The metallizing composition contains metal salts of tungstic acid and/or molybdic acid and a metal of Group IVb of the Periodic Table of Elements or a compound thereof. The electroconductive coating of high adherence properties is formed by applying the metallizing composition on a sintered ceramic article and drying the deposited layer of the composition in air, heating the dried layer, and firing the layer in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The metallizing composition is suitable for the formation of the electroconductive coating on a complexly shaped sintered ceramic article such as, for example, on the inner surface of a hollow ceramic article.

Abstract: A surface treated steel sheet having double layers consisting of a lower layer of metallic chromium and an upper layer of hydrated chromium oxide are formed on a low tin plated steel sheet in which 30 to 80% of the surface of the steel sheet is covered with plated tin. Also, the ratio of the area of tin, which actually combined with steel sheet, to the projected area of plated tin to the steel sheet is 20 to 90% and the size of the exposed steel surface units, after tinplating, is 0.5 to 20 .mu.m in diameter when expressing the irregularly exposed areas as circles, and a method for production of this surface treated steel sheet which comprises; (a) electroplating with a small amount of tin under restricted conditions in order to obtain the low tin plated steel sheet described above, (b) after reflowing or without reflowing of the plated tin, formation of said double layer or formation of the metallic chromium layer followed by formation of hydrated chromium oxide under restricted conditions.

Abstract: Hydrogenated boron-silicon alloy films having unexpected properties permitting in one embodiment the bonding together of metal and ceramic substrates by coating the surfaces to be bonded with the film mating the surfaces and heat treating the mated surfaces to expell hydrogen therefrom and to react to resulting boron-silicon alloy film with the substrates to form a liquid reaction product which forms a surface bond with the substrates or is at least partially absorbed in the substrates. In another embodiment, at least one surface of an intermetallic compound formed from elements selected from groups III and V of the periodic table is sealed against structural degradation by forming on the surface a solid boron-silicon-hydrogen alloy film. In still another embodiment, metal and organic resin substrates are protected against attack by water vapor, dissociated oxygen and molecular oxygen by forming a solid boron-silicon-hydrogen alloy film on the substrates.

Abstract: A substrate for amorphous silicon solar cells comprises an aluminum or aluminum alloy plate which is formed on at least one surface thereof with an oxalic acid anodized film in an unsealed state and having a thickness of 1 to 20 .mu.m. A plurality of amorphous silicon solar cells provided on the substrate include lower electrodes of chrominum or the like which are formed on the anodized film. The lower electrodes are electrically insulated from one another by the anodized film.

Abstract: A chromate-treated steel strip comprising a chromate film on a zinc plated steel strip is improved in corrosion resistance and coating adherence by forming the chromate film of three layer structure consisting of a metallic Cr layer, a Cr.sup.3+ oxide layer, and an outermost surface layer of SiO.sub.2 and Cr.sup.3+ oxide plus Cr.sup.6+ oxide plus Cr.sup.6+ oxide. The three layered chromate film is deposited on a zinc plated steel strip by effecting cathodic electrolysis in a bath containing hexavalent chromium, colloidal silica, optional alumina sol, and a fluoride, by supplying electricity at a specific current density to a controlled quantity.

Abstract: Aluminum coated ferritic base metal foil formed by cold reduction of hot dip aluminum coated ferritic steel strip containing from 10% to about 35% chromium, up to 3% aluminum, and up to 1% silicon, the foil having a ratio of aluminum coating thickness on both sides to base metal foil thickness of at least 1:10, with at least 4% by weight total aluminum. The method of production includes heating the foil in an oxidizing atmosphere within specified temperature and time limitations to provide a porous surface having a thin layer of aluminum oxide. The foil is adapted for fabrication into monolithic support structures for catalytic converters for internal combustion engine exhaust systems.

Abstract: A thermal head in which a glazed layer, an improved undercoat layer, a heat generating resistor layer, an electrical power supply conductor layer and a protection layer are successively laminated to the surface of an insulating substrate, in which the undercoat layer is composed of an aluminum nitride (AlN) film. The method of manufacturing the thermal head comprises forming the aluminum nitride (AlN) film by sputtering an Al target in a gas mixture of argon and nitrogen and forming the heat generating resistor layer and the electrical power supply conductor layer, that is, three layers in total successively formed by sputtering. Because of the good heat conductivity of aluminum nitride film, the temperature distribution in the heat generating portion is made uniform and localized heat generation can be avoided, as it also prevents the destruction of the heat generating resistor layer or the protection layer due to the temperature difference upon heat generation.

Abstract: Hydrogenated boron-silicon alloy films having unexpected properties permitting in one embodiment the bonding together of metal and ceramic substrates by coating the surfaces to be bonded with the film mating the surfaces and heat treating the mated surfaces to expell hydrogen therefrom and to react to resulting boron-silicon alloy film with the substrates to form a liquid reaction product which forms a surface bond with the substrates or is at least partially absorbed in the substrates. In another embodiment, at least one surface of an intermetallic compound formed from elements selected from groups III and V of the periodic table is sealed against structural degradation by forming on the surface a solid boron-silicon-hydrogen alloy film. In still another embodimemt, metal amd organic resin substrates are protected against attack by water vapor, dissociated oxygen and molecular oxygen by forming a solid boron-silicon-hydrogen alloy film on the substrates.

Abstract: Erosion resistance is imparted to a metallic substrate without an attendant loss of fatigue life in the substrate in one embodiment by applying to the substrate a first ductile layer comprising a metal from Group VI to Group VIII elements as well as the noble metal group of elements, and a second hard erosion-resistant layer applied on the first layer comprising a boride, carbide, nitride or oxide of a metal selected from Group III to Group VI elements, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate. Another embodiment defines another layer of a substantially pure metal from Group III to Group VI between the first and second layers. Still another embodiment defines that in the second layer the content of either the carbide, nitride, boride or oxide is graded, i.e.

Abstract: Herein is disclosed a magnetic recording member having a high mechanical durability and an improved resistance to wear. The magnetic recording member comprises a substrate, a magnetic layer formed on the surface of the substrate and a first non-magnetic layer of a metal having a low melting point, preferably lower than 400.degree. C. and formed on the magnetic layer, at least the surface of the first non-magnetic layer being oxidized. The magnetic recording member may further contain a lubricant layer.The surface of the magnetic recording member of the invention presents a roughness lower than 25 nm and includes fine protrusions having a linear density higher than 1.times.10.sup.3 /mm.The process for the preparation of the magnetic recording member is also disclosed.

Abstract: A structure and method for fabricating the structure, which includes a layer containing a refractory metal and a substrate to which the refractory metal-containing layer does not strongly adhere, there being a thin bonding layer between the substrate and the refractory metal-containing layer for providing good adherence between the refractory metal-containing layer and the substrate. The bonding layer is an oxide, nitride or mixed oxy-nitride layer initially prepared to be Si-rich in a surface region thereof. Inclusions of the refractory metal are produced in the bonding layer by substituting the refractory metal for excess free silicon therein. These inclusions become nucleation and bonding sites for refractory metal deposition, ensuring good adhesion.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for the manufacture of optical conductive transparent windows and coatings having high transparency over a wide bandwidth combined with a large acceptance angle of incidence. Particulars for making windows and coatings with gold films of high transparency and low sheet resistance using specified nucleating and barrier layers are given. Examples include windows and coatings constructed for operation in the infrared and ultraviolet.

Abstract: A surface-coated steel strip having improved corrosion resistance as well as a good surface appearance is disclosed. The steel strip comprises a zinc alloy layer plated on the steel strip, and a passive-state layer 0.005 to 1.0 .mu.m thick which is applied on top of the plated zinc layer. A chromate film and/or an organic resin layer may be applied thereon.

Abstract: A heat resistant precoated steel sheet suitable for use in the manufacture of a muffler of an automobile exhaust gas system comprising:a hot dip aluminized steel sheet,a chromate pretreatment layer formed on at least one surface of said hot dip aluminized steel sheet and having a chromium pickup of 10 to 50 mg/m.sup.2,a primer coat formed on said pretreatment layer and comprising a cured polyamide imide resin and 8 to 52 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of said resin, of strontium chromate intimately admixed with said resin, anda top coat formed on said primer coat and comprising a cured silicone-modified polyester resin with a modification degree of from 30 to 50% and 8 to 32 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of said resin, of aluminum scale intimately admixed with said resin.

Abstract: A flux cored tubular metallic arc cutting electrode having a low carbon steel tube and a compacted core composition consisting of a particulate reactant metal such as magnesium, aluminum, zirconicum, titanium and alloys of at least two of the particulate reactant metals, mixed with an exothermically reactable metal oxide. Preferably the metal oxide is an iron group oxide such as iron oxide or nickel oxide. The particulate reactant metal is characterized by a free energy of formation of its oxide referred to 25.degree. C. of at least 100,000 calories per gram atom of oxygen, the exothermically reactable metal oxide being characterized by a free energy of formation not exceeding 90,000 calories per gram atom of oxygen referred to 25.degree. C. Additionally the electrode can contain an additive such as an arc stabilizer, a fluxing agent, a deoxidizer or a gas former.

Abstract: The process of forming a composite with an alloy having an alloy component of about 0.5 to 12% aluminum and a matrix selected from a material of the group consisting of copper, iron or nickel. The alloy is heated in an oxygen-rich atmosphere to form a material oxide-rich layer on a surface of the alloy. The alloy is then heated in a reducing atmosphere to reduce the material oxide-rich layer to form an aluminum oxide on the surface of the alloy and a material-rich layer on the aluminum oxide layer.

Abstract: A cold rolled steel strip having an excellent conversion coating property is produced by a process comprising:anodic electrolytically treating at least one non-plated surface of a cold rolled steel strip to form a layer of oxides thereon, andcathodic electrolytically treating the above-mentioned surface to remove a portion of the oxide layer to an extent that the remaining portion of the oxide layer is in an amount corresponding to a quantity of electricity of from 0.05 to 4.0 millicoulomb/cm.sup.2 which is necessary to completely remove the remaining portion of the oxide layer by means of a cathodic electrolytic treatment in an aqueous solution containing 19.06 g/l of borax and having a pH of 6.4 at a constant current density of 5 microampere/cm.sup.2 and is in the form of a number of separate dots corresponding to a natural reduction time of from 1.0 to 200 seconds.

Abstract: Surface-treated steel strips suitable for electric resistance welding are prepared by forming a first layer of iron-nickel alloy on a steel strip, said first layer having a weight ratio of Ni/(Fe+Ni) in the range between 0.02 and 0.50 and a thickness of 10 to 5,000 angstroms, forming a second layer of tin or iron-tin-nickel alloy on said first layer by tin plating to a coating weight of 0.1 to 1 g/m.sup.2 of tin and optionally, causing the tin to reflow, and forming a third layer on said second layer by effecting an electrolytic chromate treatment, said third layer consisting essentially of metallic chromium and hydrated chromium oxide in a total amount of 5 to 20 mg/m.sup.2 calculated as elemental chromium. More preferably, the electrolytic chromate treatment is controlled such that at least 2 mg/m.sup.2 of metallic chromium is present in the third layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a thin tin and nickel plated steel sheet having a surface structure in which the distribution of numerous nodules of metallic tin are observed by using an electron microscope on an iron-tin-nickel alloy layer formed on a steel sheet which comprises electroplating nickel on the steel sheet which is anodically treated in an alkaline electrolyte with a pH of above 10 followed by electrotinplating the nickel plated steel sheet, reflowing, quenching, and then chromate treating the tin and nickel plated steel sheet.This tin and nickel plated steel sheet is suitable for welded can materials since it is excellent in corrosion resistance after lacquering and weldability.