Abstract: A surface-treated steel strip comprising a steel substrate, islands of metallic tin distributed on one major surface of the steel substrate, and a chromate coating deposited on the substrate major surface to cover the tin islands can be coated with lacquer, baked and then seam welded into food cans.

Abstract: Surface treated steel sheet having three layers consisting of a bottom layer of metallic chromium, a middle layer of metallic tin or tin-nickel alloy and a top layer of hydrated chromium oxide on a steel base, and a method for the continuous production of this surface treated steel sheet which comprises; (1) chromium plating on a steel base to form a layer of metallic chromium and hydrated chromium oxide, (2) tin plating by using a tin plating electrolyte having a low concentration of stannous ion or tin-nickel alloy plating by using a known tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte, said electrolytes have a low current efficiency for tin or tin-nickel alloy plating, thereby removing said layer of hydrated chromium oxide from said chromium plated steel base; and (3) forming a layer of hydrated chromium oxide by a chromate treatment by using an acidic electrolyte containing hexavalent chromium ion.

Abstract: A photomask is fabricated by forming, in a photomask (hard mask) produced by forming a patternized film of a masking material comprising (a) a layer of metallic chromium and (b) a layer of chromium oxides superposed thereon, a film of a translucent and electroconductive material selected from Nb, Ta and V, between the masking film and the transparent substrate. At the time of pattern transferring by photolithography, dropping off of parts of the pattern of this photomask does not occur even when it includes isolated island-like parts, and, at the time of inspection by electron-beam exposure, the precision of inspection does not lower. This photomask is obtained by patternizing by selective etching the masking film of a photomask blank produced by successively forming, on the transparent substrate, the translucent and electroconductive film and the masking film.

Abstract: The use of an alloy composed of 15 to 19% by weight of Cr, 5 to 32.5% by weight of Mo, 0.3 to 10% by weight of Si, up to 10% by weight of Al and up to 4.5% by weight of Ti, the remainder being Ni, as a sliding material for seals on rotary regenerative heat exchangers with a ceramic core is described. The sliding material is suitable especially for use in temperature ranges up to about 1100.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention provides a tin-free steel sheet, having superior lacquer adhesion, comprising metallic chromium and chromium oxide coatings on a steel sheet, characterized in that the chromium oxide coating is controlled such that I.sub.Cr.sup.580 /(I.sub.Cr.sup.580 +I.sub.Cr.sup.660) has a value of 0.5 or more provided that I.sub.Cr.sup.580 is the percent transmission corresponding to ol linkage and I.sub.Cr.sup.660 is the percent transmission corresponding to oxo linkage in the infrared absorption spectrum of said chromium oxide coating as measured by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy.

Abstract: An aluminum substrate for magnetic recording media such as magnetic disks, etc., is composed of an aluminum alloy plate containing 2 to 6% by weight magnesium and impurities in only limited amounts and having on the surface an anodic oxidation film with thickness more than 3 .mu.m formed by a chromic acid process. In the thus-anodized aluminum substrate, the occurrence of black spot defects is greatly reduced and the formation of cracks upon heating the substrate to high temperatures is prevented in spite of the thicker anodic oxidation film.

Abstract: A centrifugally cast double-layer tube with resistance to carbon deposition, comprising an inner layer of a specific metallic material containing 1-10 wt % of Al and an outer layer of a heat resisting metallic material, can be applied to apparatuses for treating a fluid, containing hydrocarbons, their derivatives, or carbon monoxide, at elevated temperatures and to piping for transferring the fluid without carbon deposition on its inside surface, because the surface of said inner layer is oxidized to form a firm Al-containing oxide film prior to and/or during the treatment of the fluid, and also a sufficient strength and ductility of the tube are preserved by the support of the outer layer of said tube.

Abstract: Black-metallized substrate surfaces which are characterized by the fact that they reflect at most 20% of electromagnetic radiation within the wavelength range from 200 to 5,000 nm and at least 50% within the wavelength range from 7,000 to 24,000 nm, the percentages being relative to the mean value over the entire wavelength range in each case, and which can be used as sunlight collectors are obtained by metallizing activated substrate surfaces without current in metallizing baths which contain a polymeric surface-active compound.

Abstract: The surface of a metal article which is exposed to the atmosphere and abrasion during normal use of the article is protected from scratches and/or corrosion during such use by a thin transparent abrasion-resistant film of an inert non-metallic material such as SiO.sub.2, SiC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, TiO.sub.2, MgO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5, Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, GeO.sub.2, spinel and selected colorless glass compositions. The protective film is preferably deposited by RF-sputtering techniques and undesirable coloration of the article by optical interference effects from incident light rays is avoided by properly correlating the film thickness with the refractive index of the particular material used to form the film. The invention permits the use of thinner gold plating on such items as articles of expensive jewelry and bracelets and cases for fine wristwatches without detracting from the quality, durability or appearance of the merchandise.

Abstract: A process for the metal plating of aluminum comprising the steps of electrolytically anodizing the surface of the aluminum, immersing the anodized aluminum into an electrolytic plating solution and initiating deposition by passing a current through the solution for a time sufficient to form a layer of metal over the aluminum. The process is especially useful for the formation of aluminum storage discs where the electrolytic metal is a single layer of a ferromagnetic metal.

Abstract: A support for lithographic printing plate having provided on an iron material (i) a layer substantially consisting of chromium and/or chromium oxide and (ii) a layer consisting essentially of a water soluble polymeric compound and at least one selected from water soluble salts of calcium, magnesium, zinc, barium, strontium, cobalt, manganese, nickel and silicon, in this order.

Abstract: The surface of a metal article which is exposed to the atmosphere and abrasion during normal use of the article is protected from scratches and/or corrosion during such use by a thin transparent abrasion-resistant film of an inert non-metallic material such as SiO.sub.2, SiC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, TiO.sub.2, MgO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5, Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, GeO.sub.2, spinel and selected colorless glass compositions. The protective film is preferably deposited by RF-sputtering techniques and undesirable coloration of the article by optical interference effects from incident light rays is avoided by properly correlating the film thickness with the refractive index of the particular material used to form the film. The invention permits the use of thinner gold plating on such items as articles of expensive jewelry and bracelets and cases for fine wristwatches without detracting from the quality, durability or appearance of the merchandise.

Abstract: A method for the production of a metal sheet covered with polyester resin film which comprises laminating a polyester resin film which is preferably crystalline and oriented onto a metal sheet having a lower layer of metallic chromium and an upper layer of hydrated chromium oxide, which sheet has been heated to a temperature above the melting point of polyester resin film and then immediately quenching. This metal sheet covered with polyester resin film is excellent in corrosion resistance and formability.

Abstract: A tinfree steel welded can body formed by a mash resistance welding on a lapped side portion of a can body preform made from tinfree steel, without requiring the removal of surface chromium film from the welded portion and its vicinity.

Abstract: Steel sheet, especially suitable for car-body fabrication, galvanized and further protected by a layer of metallic chromium and hydrated oxides of chromium, electrolytically deposited. The improvement is that the metallic chromium is present in extremely fine particles that exert a very marked covering and protective effect on the underlying zinc. In this way, and with the help of the chromium oxides that further cover and protect the underlying layers, a product is obtained whose corrosion resistance is far superior to that of similar products.

Abstract: The invention refers to a corrosion-proof solderable system of layers which is applied to a support and is made of a solderable layer and a corrosion-protection layer covering the solderable layer and protecting it from complete oxidation. In order to create a layer system which is simpler and cheaper to manufacture, the solderable layer contains a proportion of oxidizable metal.The corrosion-protection layer is made by oxidation of the solderable layer on its free surface.

Abstract: To coat a substrate with a thin layer of pure platinum oxide, an insulating and transparent substance, recourse is had to a cylindrical magnetron comprising means for generating an axial magnetic field in an enclosure containing rarefied oxygen, an axial cathode at least coated with platinum and a cylindrical grid forming an anode and coaxially surrounding the cathode so as to reserve an annular zone outside the grid. The substrate is placed in the said zone so that its surface to be coated by the thin layer is shielded from the impact of electrons. This shielding can be obtained by a particular shape given to the bars constituting the grid or by the positioning of obstacles in the said zone. It then suffices to heat the thin layer, whether or not locally, to above 250.degree. C., to convert it into conducting and opaque platinum.

Abstract: Ceramics incorporating fibrous crystals of silicon carbide, optionally, in combination with an electroconductive substance have high electroconductivity and are amenable to electric discharge machining.

Abstract: A process for producing a composite material comprising a base having a nickel surface and a gold layer metallurgically bonded to the nickel of the base and having sufficient nickel to increase the hardness of the gold layer but insufficient to significantly destroy the distinctive color of the gold layer comprises depositing the gold layer on the nickel and annealing the composite structure to provide the metallurgical bond between the nickel and gold and to interdiffuse said metals, and the composite structure obtained by said process. The composite material is particularly useful as a coinage structure.

Abstract: A hydrated chromium oxide-coated steel strip which has a satisfactory weldability and resistance to corrosion under a lacquer coating and which is useful for producing welded cans and other containers, comprises a steel strip substrate, plated nickel base layers formed on the surfaces of the steel strip substrate and having a weight of 150-2500 mg per m.sup.2 of each surface of the substrate, hydrated chromium oxide-containing coating layers formed on the surfaces of the plated nickel base layers and having a weight of 2-20 mg, in terms of metallic chromium, per m.sup.2 of each surface of the substrate, and, optionally, plated tin intermediate layers formed between the plated nickel base layers and the chromate-containing coating layers and having a weight of 100-2000 mg per m.sup.2 of each surface of the substrate, the hydrated chromium oxide-containing coating layer optionally being composed of a metallic chromium underlayer in a weight of 10 mg or less per m.sup.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant solderable layer system is connected to an unsolderable layer, the layer system and the unsolderable layer being applied to a support and comprises a solderable layer and an anti-corrosion layer which covers the solderable layer and protects the latter against oxidation. The anti-corrosion layer is made of an oxidizable metal.

Abstract: The process of forming a composite with an alloy having an alloy component of about 0.5 to 12% aluminum and a matrix selected from a material of the group consisting of copper, iron or nickel. The alloy is heated in an oxygen-rich atmosphere to form a material oxide-rich layer on a surface of the alloy. The alloy is then heated in a reducing atmosphere to reduce the material oxide-rich layer to form an aluminum oxide on the surface of the alloy and a material-rich layer on the aluminum oxide layer.

Abstract: A metal article which covered with a nickel-phosphorus alloy and which is covered on its outer surface with a protective layer which comprises CrPO.sub.4, Cr(OH).sub.3 and may also comprise Cr.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 and in which no nickel is present. The layer provides an excellent corrosion protection. In a particular embodiment the layer is black, scratch-resistant in normal use, cannot be wiped off and is not sensitive to finger prints and is extremely suitable for decorative applications. The layers can be obtained electrolytically in a bath which comprises chromic acid and optionally reversed current in a given frequency range, a given range of current densities and a given range of ratios of cathodic to anodic pulse durations. In order to obtain the black layers the cathodic time duration is only a fraction of black layers the anodic time duration.

Abstract: The surface of a metal article which is exposed to the atmosphere and abrasion during normal use of the article is protected from scratches and/or corrosion during such use by a thin transparent abrasion-resistant film of an inert non-metallic material such as SiO.sub.2, SiC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, TiO.sub.2, MgO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5, Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, GeO.sub.2, spinel and selected colorless glass compositions. The protective film is preferably deposited by RF-sputtering techniques and undesirable coloration of the article by optical interference effects from incident light rays is avoided by properly correlating the film thickness with the refractive index of the particular material used to form the film. The invention permits the use of thinner gold plating on such items as articles of expensive jewelry and bracelets and cases for fine wristwatches without detracting from the quality, durability or appearance of the merchandise.

Abstract: Thin metal plate is cleaned and electrolytically pickled in an acid solution. A zinc layer is electrodeposited on one face of the plate, after which a chrome-chromic oxide coating is deposited on both faces of the plate from a sulphuric acid solution containing compounds of trivalent and exhavalent chrome. The plate is then subjected to a drying-oxidating treatment in air. The plate may be steel having a thickness between 0.1 and 2 mm. The plate may be surface treated by phosphating, and then painted. The chrome-chromic oxide coating may have a thickness between 0.05 and 5 .mu.m, and the zinc coating a thickness between 1 and 30 .mu.m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a support for lithographic printing plate having an electrodeposited chromium layer on an iron material, characterized in that the surface of said electrodeposited layer has a shape in which crystalline products with angles protrude thereon, the elemental composition in the surface side portion of said electrodeposited layer consists substantially of chromium and oxygen and the ratios of atomic concentrations of chromium and oxygen at said portion are substantially even at the same depth from every point on said surface.

Abstract: Improved adherence of oxide wear layers on hard metal or cemented carbide substrates is obtained by providing a thin surface-oxidized bonding layer comprising a carbide or oxycarbide of at least one of tantalum, niobium or vanadium, optionally adding aluminum to the bonding layer, and finally providing an outer oxide wear layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic amorphous alloy sheet having an improved insulating property and improved corrosion resistance.The present invention aims to provide a film which is used to cover the magnetic amorphous alloy sheet, thereby improving its corrosion resistance and increasing the layer insulation resistance, without impairing the magnetic properties.The film according to the present invention has a thickness of up to 1 .mu.m and comprises a chromium compound which comprises hydrated chromium oxide. The film may additionally comprises metallic chromium.The magnetic amorphous alloy according to the present invention is suitable for use as a transformer core achieving a high building factor.

Abstract: Tinplate container with externally welded seam is formed of electrolytic unreflowed tinplate with external tin coating of low coating mass (less than 2 g/m.sup.2); the solderability of such tinplate being comparable with conventional reflowed tinplate of much higher coating mass. The unreflowed tinplate of low coating mass may be produced by Halogen electrotinning process in which ratio of fluoride ions to stannous tin ions in the rinsing section is maintained at unprecedented high level (not less than 10:1), the pH of the rinsing agent is maintained at less than 4 and the current density of the electrodeposition current is in the range 600 to 1,600 amperes per square meter of strip steel.

Abstract: A mirror structure which is provided on a polished metallic surface characterized by an adhesive layer disposed directly on the surface, an amorphous intermediate layer disposed on the adhesive layer, a reflective layer disposed on the amorphous intermediate layer and a protective layer covering the reflective layer. The mirror structure is particularly useful for a highly adhesive and corrosion-proof laser mirror which has good reflection properties and is used in a laser flatbed scanner.

Abstract: A heat treatment for providing copper-tin alloys with a substantially continuous tin-phosphorous-oxide protective layer that improves the appearance and the tarnish resistance of the alloys is disclosed. The heat treatment comprises heating the alloys in a reducing atmosphere having a dew point of at least about 65.degree. F. and a temperature in the range of about 700.degree. C. to about 900.degree. C. for a time in the range of about 2 hours to about 24 hours.

Abstract: A composite mirror and a method for making the mirror. The mirror has an aluminum reflective surface and coatings of aluminum oxide, chromium and gold deposited thereon, thus making the mirror highly reflective yet corrosion resistant. The method of making the mirror includes the steps of polishing the aluminum surface and depositing the coatings in sequence.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of welded cans, which comprises forming a blank comprised of a surface-treated steel plate into a cylinder and passing a lap portion of the formed cylinder between a pair of electrode rollers through an electrode wire to effect electric resistance welding, wherein said surface-treated steel plate comprises a layer of metallic tin or a tin-iron alloy formed on the steel plate substrate in an amount of 0.05 to 1.0 g/m.sup.2 as calculated as metallic tin and a hydrated chromium oxide layer formed on said tin layer in an amount of 0.005 to 0.05 g/m.sup.2 as calculated as metallic chromium and electric resistance welding is carried out in an inert atmosphere in the state where an electrode wire having a plating layer of tin or a tin alloy having a thickness of 0.1 to 20 .mu.m is kept in close contact with the surface of said surface-treated steel plate.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a thin magnetic metal layer on a base is disclosed. A thin metal film of Group IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIB, IVA, IVB, VA, VB, VIA, VIB or VIIB of the Periodic Table is formed on the thin magnetic metal layer or the base on the reverse side of which the thin magnetic metal layer is formed. A layer of aliphatic acid is further formed on said thin metal film.

Abstract: Tin-free steel having a first layer of metallic chromium on a steel base and a second layer of hydrated chromium oxide on the first layer, in which the atomic ratio of sulfur and the atomic ratio of fluorine to the sum of chromium, oxygen, sulfur and fluorine in the second layer are respectively not greater than 2.5 atomic percent and not greater than 10 atomic percent. This tin-free steel can be used for a nylon-adhered can body to be subjected to a hot-packing or retort treatment, since it has excellent lacquer adhesion after aging in hot water and under retort conditions.

Abstract: A multi-layer surface-treated steel plate comprises a zinc-containing plated layer, a lithium silicate film layer formed on said plated layer and an organic composite silicate film layer composed of colloidal silica and an organic resin, which is formed on the lithium silicate film layer.

Abstract: A copper-clad laminate having special utility in the production of high resolution printed circuit patterns is made by a method which includes as the step of forming an initial copper film by vapor depositing copper directly in contact with an as-rolled aluminum carrier sheet at temperature between about 100.degree. C. and 250.degree. C. so that the carrier release peel strength has an average value between about 0.5 and 2.0 pounds per inch.

Abstract: Nickel and copper are plated over a thick anodic coating on an aluminum substrate as a step in the manufacture of printed circuit board substrates.

Abstract: A base plate for magnetic recording disc is produced by coating thin metal layers containing no impurities for forming defects by an anodizing treatment on one or both sides of a discoid substrate made of a metal such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy or from a plastic by a dry process, and anodizing the thin metal layers so as to form anodized film from the surfaces of the thin metal layers to a certain depth while the portions contacting to the substrate are retained not anodized.

Abstract: A chromium-plated steel strip having an excellent weldability and a satisfactory resistance to corrosion, comprises a steel strip substrate, a base layer consisting of an amorphous metallic material, for example, Ni-P or Ni-B alloy, in an amount of 3 to 500 mg/m.sup.2, an intermediate layer consisting of tin in an amount of 2.8 g/m.sup.2 or less, and a surface layer consisting of metallic chromium and hydrated chromium oxide in an amount of 5 to 150 mg/m.sup.2 and 3 to 30 mg/m.sup.2, respectively.

Abstract: A heat resistant machine component, e.g. a gas turbine blade, a vane or the like, for use in a hot-gas atmosphere, especially under dynamic mechanical strain. The engine component comprises a core body consisting of a heat resistant material and a surface layer sprayed thereon and constituted by a composite material. The composite material consists on the one hand of an alloy component containing 1 to 12% Al, namely preferably 3 to 8% Al, 10 to 30% Cr, small quantities of one or more elements in the group Si, Mn, Co, Y and Hf, and the balance Fe, and on the other hand a small quantity of an oxide component containing Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and possibly one or more oxides of the remaining metals of the alloy component, wherein the pores and the oxide component form elongated, narrow regions, which partly surround or cover the alloy component. The surface layer is applied by flame or arc spraying under a controlled minor oxidation.

Abstract: The invention relates to mild steel sheet, having deposited on at least one of its major faces a sub-layer of tin in an amount of 0.1 to 1.05 g/l and a composite coating containing chronmium and chronmium oxide. The content of chromium in the composite coating is more than 5 .mu.g/cm.sup.2 while the content of chromium oxide in the coating, expressed in terms of chromium, is less than 2.5 .mu.g/cm.sup.2.The resultant sheets give improved welds when joined by electric welding and are particularly suited for making can bodies for food cans.

Abstract: Improved coating compositions are described for the protection of superalloys at elevated temperatures. The coatings are of the MCrAlY type where M is nickel or cobalt and are significantly improved by the addition of from 0.1-7% silicon and 0.1-2% hafnium. Coatings of the invention are preferably applied by plasma spraying and as so applied are found to be substantially more effective than prior art coatings.

Abstract: A low porosity coating comprised of at least two layers of material or composites capable of protecting a metal substrate from the corrosive effects of a chlorine-metal chloride environment at temperature values ranging up to 650.degree. C. The first of the two layers has a coefficient of thermal expansion that lies between the metal of the substrate and that of a metal oxide(s) layer disposed upon the first layer. A layer of metal oxide is disposed on the first layer, the metal oxide having a coefficient of expansion somewhat less than the first layer and a minimum solubility in the chlorine-chloride environment. The material or composite of the first layer and the metal oxide of the oxide layer are applied by a technique which sprays particles of the material or composite and metal oxide(s) against a surface at relatively high velocities and temperatures.

Abstract: A composite coating steel sheet is disclosed which has good corrosion resistance, paintability and corrosion resistance after paint coating. The steel sheet comprises a plated base steel sheet, such as a galvanized, zinc alloy plated or aluminum plated steel sheet, and a chromate film formed on the plated base steel sheet. A composite silicate resin film is formed on the chromate film. The composite silicate film is composed of a reaction product of a colloidal silica, an organic resin and a silane compound.

Abstract: A steel sheet with its surface prepared for paint coating is disclosed. The surface treated steel sheet comprises a base sheet, and an iron-zinc alloy film plated on the base sheet in an amount of at least 0.1 g/m.sup.2 and having an iron content of from 3 to 30%. A composite silicate resin film is coated on the iron-zinc alloy film in an amount of from 0.05 to 5.0 g/m.sup.2. The resin film is composed of an acrylic copolymer, an epoxy resin, a silica sol and a trialkoxysilane compound. The treated surface provides superior paintability, degrease resistance and corrosion resistance after pain coating.

Abstract: A retortable bonded TFS can coated with an organic lacquer film in which the seaming portion of the can body is bonded with an organic adhesive, characterized in that (1) the amounts of the metallic chromium layer and the chromium oxide layer deposited are 70-130 mg/m.sup.2 and 5-30 mg/m.sup.2, respectively, as metallic chromium; the amount of alkali-soluble chromium in these layers after heating at 210.degree. C. for 10 minutes is not more than 12 mg/m.sup.2 and not more than 70% by weight of the amount of the deposited chromium oxide before heating; the area of thickness unevenness of the chromium oxide is not more than 10%; and the amount of metal exposed is not more than 30 mg/dm.sup.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium of the type in which a thin magnetic film mainly comprising Co; Co and Ni; Co and Cr; or Co, Ni and Cr is deposited on a nonmagnetic substrate; the thin magnetic film comprises a native oxidized surface adjacent to the film layer at the surface and a deep layer below it; and the average oxygen content in the surface layer is greater than that in the deep layer.

Abstract: The surface-coated blade member for cutting tools comprises a metal substrate and a coating on at least one surface of said substrate, said coating composed of a layer of vapor deposited titanium on the surface of said metal substrate and at least one layer of vapor deposited titanium compound on said layer of titanium, and said layer of titanium compound being selected from the group consisting of titanium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride, titanium oxy-carbide and titanium oxy-carbo-nitride, said layer of titanium being no larger than 2 .mu.m thick and said layer of titanium compound being 0.5 to 10 .mu.m thick. A process for producing such a blade member is also disclosed.

Abstract: Improved coating compositions are described for the protection of superalloys at elevated temperatures. The coatings are of the MCrAlY type where M is nickel or cobalt and are significantly improved by the addition of from 0.1-7% silicon and 0.1-2% hafnium. Coatings of the invention are preferably applied by plasma spraying and as so applied are found to be substantially more effective than prior art coatings.