Abstract: A sustainable biosynthesizing of tetrodotoxin (TTX) based on seed culture of Vibrio spp is obtained from the mucus of various species of nemerteans (ribbon worms) (phylum Nemertea). The indispensable organisms are kept alive which extends access to crude material and makes the procedure economically and ecologically sustainable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to poppy cultivars and their use to produce thebaine. In specific forms, the present invention relates to cultivars of Papaver bracteatum that produce thebaine in the first growing season after germination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an aqueous glucose solution from the starch components of Triticeae grains, for example from rye, triticale or in particular wheat grains. The invention also relates to a glucose-based fermentation method for manufacturing organic compounds in which the glucose manufactured for fermentation is produced from the starch components of Triticeae grains by way of a method according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted heterocycles, processes for their preparation, and their use in medicaments, especially for the treatment of inflammatory disease, i.e. asthma, or cancer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2(R)-4-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]-7(8H)-pyrazinyl]-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-2-butanamine and intermediates useful for the synthesis thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing different products comprising a target substance, particularly amino acids or vitamins, wherein the target substance is produced by fermentation.

Abstract: An isolated nucleic acid molecule cloned from Artemisia annua encodes an artemisinic aldehyde double bond reductase. Artemisinic aldehyde double bond reductase enzymatically reduces artemisinic aldehyde to (11R)-dihydroartemisinic aldehyde. The nucleic acid molecule, and the enzyme encoded thereby, may be used in processes to produce dihydroartemsinic aldehyde and/or dihydroartemisinic acid in a host cell. Dihydroartemisinic acid is a late precursor to the antimalarial compound artemisinin.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to polypeptides having transaminase activity, polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, and methods of using the polypeptides.

Abstract: Novel isoxazolidinone compounds useful in the treatment and/or prevention of human and animal fungal infections, as well as in the control of phytopathogenic fungi in crops are described. Two novel strains of fungi, ATCC No. PAT-7894 and ATCC No. PAT-7895, are disclosed for the preparation of the described isoxazolidinone compounds.

Abstract: A tetrapyrrole compound is prepared by cultivating bacterial cells of Escherichia coli, which cannot express the gene ypjD (b2611) due to the variation thereof, in a culture medium and obtaining the resulting tetrapyrrole compound having a porphyrin ring structure from the culture medium.

Abstract: A method of generating synthetic metabolites of CCI-779 is provided. Five novel CCI-779 derivatives are described, as are methods of using these derivatives for detecting CCI-779 metabolites in samples.

Abstract: Disclosed are rifamycin derivatives having antibacterial activities, wherein the compounds have the following general formula: wherein: R is hydrogen or acetyl; R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-4)alkyl, benzyloxy, mono- and di-(C1-3)alkylamino-(C1-4)alkyl, (C1-3)alkoxy, (C1-4)alkyl, hydroxy-methyl, hydroxy-(C2-4)-alkyl, and nitro or R1 and R2 taken together with two consecutive carbon atoms of the pyridine nucleus form a benzene ring optionally substituted by one or two methyl or ethyl groups and R3 is hydroxyalkyl(C1-4). In addition, processes to obtain these compounds are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel antimicrobial compound of lactoquinomycin that is highly effective against many antibiotic-resistant gram-positive bacteria; namely, methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecilis and Mycobacteria. The present invention also relates to a fermentation process of culturing a Streptomyces strain to prepare the antimicrobial compound and its use in killing the antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Abstract: Method to produce eritadenine by liquid phase fermentation of Lentinus edodes without formation of the fruit body wherein the Lentinus edodes is exposed to shear during its cultivation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to ester derivatives of levulinic acid that are useful as plasticizers and/or coalescent solvents in polymer compositions, compositions comprising the ester derivatives, methods of making the derivatives and the compositions, and the use of the derivatives as additives in polymer compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a co-culture method of Sphingomonas sp. bacterial strain and Aspergillus sp. fungus strain, in which the novel Sphingomonas sp. bacterial strain KMK-001 is cultured in a liquid medium and the novel Aspergillus sp. strain KMC-901 separately cultured in another liquid medium is added to the above culture solution, a novel glionitrin biosynthesized therefrom and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the said glionitrin or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient. The glionitrin herein has strong cytotoxic effect on cancer cells and has antibiotic effect on 10 pathogenic bacteria including the novel Sphingomonas sp. bacterial strain KMK-001, so that it can be effectively applied in antibiotics or anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: A method of producing riboflavin by culturing riboflavin-producing microbes in a culture medium using a plant oil or an animal oil as a carbon source, forming and accumulating riboflavin therein and collecting riboflavin therefrom, wherein a carrier of a clay mineral having oil-adsorbing property, a chemically treated product thereof or a calcium compound is made present in the culture medium. The riboflavin is produced maintaining a high yield and at an increased production rate at a low cost without requiring cumbersome operations for concentrating and recovering the riboflavin. It is further allowed to recover the riboflavin by effectively utilizing the waste plant oil or the waste animal oil that is to be disposed of.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods for the production, isolation and purification of epothilone B. These methods include, for example, a fermentation process for the production of epothilone B, isolation via adsorption onto a resin, and subsequent purification.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a new strain of Streptomyces sp. BICC 7522, its variants or mutants and use of the strain for the production of macrolides, process of production and purification of macrolides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound WS727713, useful as a modulator of melanocortin receptors, and a process for its production by culturing in a culture medium the actinomycetes strain of the genus Pseudonocardia, deposit number FERM BP-7570 and recovering the compound.

Abstract: A process for the large-scale chemoenzymatic production of (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, also known as (6S)-5-methylTHFA, the process comprising the steps of: (1) reducing folic acid (FA) so as to yield dihydrofolic acid (DHFA); (2) stereoselectively reducing DHFA with dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in the presence of NADP/NADPH, glucose and GluDH so as to yield (6S)-THFA; (3) converting (6S)-THFA to (6S)-5-methylTHFA; and (4) isolating (6S)-5-methylTHFA.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method for producing butanol in yeast having the ability to biosynthesize butanol using butyryl-CoA as an intermediate, the method comprises producing butyryl-CoA in yeast having a CoAT (acetyl-CoA:butyryl-CoA CoA-transferase)-encoding gene introduced thereinto, through various pathways, and then converting the produced butyryl-CoA to butanol.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a novel dinoflagellate alga; and a macrolide compound which can be used as a novel anticancer agent. Specifically disclosed is a macrolide compound produced by a dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp. Strain HYA002 or HYA0024. The macrolide compound has excellent proliferation-inhibiting effect against a human tumor cell and therefore can be used as a novel anticancer agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparation of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal salt of clavulanic acid comprising the steps of (a) fermenting of a microorganism capable of producing and excreting the clavulanic acid into the broth; (b) removing biomass and other solid material from the clavulanic acid containing fermentation broth obtained in step (a); (c) acidifying the solution obtained after step (b) to a pH between 1 and 3 and extracting the acidified solution with a partly or fully water-immiscible solvent and separating the clavulanic acid containing extract; (d) mixing the clavulanic acid containing extract obtained in step (c) with a metal donor and at least one additional cosolvent to result in an insoluble, preferably crystalline metal clavulanate salt with a yield of at least 80%; and (e) separating the insoluble, preferably crystalline, metal clavulanate salt from the mixture obtained in step (d).

Abstract: In the present invention, a recombination of gene groups of nemadectin aglycon biosynthesis is performed for obtaining C-13 hydroxylnemadectin, to which sugar groups can be attached, and a production strain which produces C-13 hydroxylnemadectin is produced. Further, C-13 glycosylnemadectin producing strain is prepared by introducing aveBI-BVIII genes involving glycosidation of avermectin and biosynthesis of oleandrose. As described, C-13 hydroxylnemadectin and C-13 glycosidated nemadectin can be obtained effectively by using the producing strain prepared by means of the molecular genetic technology, and improvement in the biological activity thereof can be expected.

Abstract: Presented is a method of solubilizing TCPP, as well as a composition comprising TCPP solubilized by this method.

Abstract: A purine-derived substance is produced by culturing a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus which has an ability to produce a purine-derived substance and has been modified so that enzymatic activity of transaldolase is decreased in a medium to cause accumulation of a purine-derived substance in the medium or cells, and collecting the purine-derived substance from the medium or cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I: methods of their use, processes for their preparation and isolated actinomycetes strains capable of preparing pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinolin-8-amine compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to host cells transformed with a nucleic acid sequence encoding a eukaryotic xylose isomerase obtainable from an anaerobic fungus. When expressed, the sequence encoding the xylose isomerase confers to the host cell the ability to convert xylose to xylulose which may be further metabolized by the host cell. Thus, the host cell is capable of growth on xylose as carbon source. The host cell preferably is a eukaryotic microorganism such as a yeast or a filamentous fungus. The invention further relates to processes for the production of fermentation products such as ethanol, in which a host cell of the invention uses xylose for growth and for the production of the fermentation product. The invention further relates to nucleic acid sequences encoding eukaryotic xylose isomerases and xylulose kinases as obtainable from anaerobic fungi.

Abstract: Processes for biogenic production of a hydrogen-carbon-containing fluid from a hydrocarbon containing formation are described. The processes may include providing in the formation an anaerobic microorganism consortium containing one or more enzymes to activate a starting hydrocarbon by an addition of a chemical group to the hydrocarbon. The processes may further include converting the activated hydrocarbon into the hydrogen-carbon-containing fluid through one or more intermediate hydrocarbons, and recovering the hydrogen-carbon-containing fluid from the formation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pure form of rapamycin with a total impurity content less than 1.2%; a process for recovery and purification of rapamycin comprising steps of (a) treating the fermentation broth, extracts or solutions containing rapamycin with water immiscible solvent and concentration; (b) addition of a water miscible solvent to effect separation of impurities present; (c) optionally, binding of the solvent containing the product from step (b) to an inert solid, washing the solid with a base and acid, followed by elution; (d) subjecting the elute from step (c) or the solvent containing the product from step (b) to silica gel chromatography; (e) crystallization of the product obtained from step (d); (f) subjecting a solution of the product from step (e) to hydrophobic interaction or reversed phase chromatography; and (g) re-crystallization to afford rapamycin in substantially pure form.

Abstract: A polyketide synthase complex composed of polyketide synthase with 15 total modules, a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase with 1 module, and a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase is described. Also provided are novel Streptomyces species and methods of modified Streptomyces species. Further described are novel compounds, C-36-ketomeridamycin, C9-deoxomeridamycin, and C9-deoxoprolylmeridamcyin and uses thereof.

Abstract: Provided are deglycosylation methods designed to optimize the yield of Veratrum alkaloid from Veratrum plant material and/or from an extract of Veratrum plant material.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a compound of the formula (I) wherein m and n are independently of one another 0, 1 or 2, obtainable from Actinomadura namibiensis (DSM 6313), its use for the treatment of bacterial infections, viral infections and/or pain, and pharmaceutical composition comprising it.

Abstract: Methods for the synthesis of regiospecific rapamycin 42-hemiesters and regiospecific FK506 32-esters with dicarboxylic acids is described. The methods involve catalyzing the reaction between a rapamycin or a FK-506 and a dicarboxylic anhydride or a bifunctional activated ester of dicarboxylic acid with a lipase.

Abstract: Provided are among other things ansamitocin derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these novel ansamitocin derivatives, methods for the production of the ansamitocin derivatives and their use for the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to production of polyketides and other natural products and to libraries of compounds and individual novel compounds. Therefore in aspect the present invention provides 17-desmethylrapamycin and analogues thereof, methods for their production, including recombinant strains, and isolation and uses of the compounds of the invention. In a further aspect the present invention provides for the use of 17-desmethylrapamycin and analogues thereof in the induction or maintenance of immunosuppression, the stimulation of neuronal regeneration or the treatment of cancer, B-cell malignancies, fungal infections, transplantation rejection, graft vs. host disease, autoimmune disorders, diseases of inflammation vascular disease and fibrotic diseases, and in the regulation of wound healing.

Abstract: Certain embodiments include carbonate esters of rapamycin at position 42 that are synthesized by a lipase catalyzed regio-specific process. These compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are useful in the treatment of organ and tissue transplant rejection, autoimmune disease, proliferative disorder, restenosis, cancer, or microbial infection.

Abstract: Methods for separating K-252a from the cell mass of its parent fermentation broth are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns four novel secondary metabolites of the Burkholderia rhizoxina endosymbiont, a method for isolating said compounds from cultures of the bacteria and the use of said substances. The invention aims at providing novel rhizoxin derivatives with an antimitotic effect. Therefore, the following substances 1-4 are isolated, said substances exhibiting potential antifungal, cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a triprenyl phenol compound represented by the following formula (II) and (III) and having a thrombolysis-enhancing activity, and an efficient method for producing the triprenyl phenol compound. In formula (II) and (III), R1 represents an aromatic group having as a substituent or as a part of a substituent at least one member selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group and a secondary amino group, or an aromatic group which comprises a secondary amino group and may comprise nitrogen; R4 in the general formula (III) represents an aromatic amino acid residue represented by the general formula (III-1) below; X represents —CHY—(CH3)2Z; and Y and Z are respectively —H or —OH or together form a single bond: (III-1) wherein R5 represents a hydroxyl group which may be present or absent; and n represents an integer of 0 or 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing rhizoxin and derivates of rhizoxin. The aim of the invention is to produce novel novel micro-organisms that synthesise rhizoxin or derivates of rhizoxin, and to provide a method for producing rhizoxin oder derivates thereof, without the disadvantages of prior art and in a simpler manner with a higher yield. To this end, bacterial symbionts of Rhizopus sp., in the form of Burkholderia Rhizoxina DSM 17360 or other Burkholderia Rhizoxina strains, are isolated, cultivated and used for the fermentive production of rhizoxin and/or derivates of rhizoxin in a submerged culture, and the rhizoxin and/or the derivates thereof are subsequently isolated from the culture supernatant.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of modulating biosynthesis of Salinosporamide A and its analogs, which are useful in treating cancer, inflammatory conditions, and/or infectious disease. The methods involve, for example, genetic manipulation, selection of reagents in the fermentation feedstock, and selection of fermentation conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of modulating biosynthesis of Salinosporamide A and its analogs, which are useful in treating cancer, inflammatory conditions, and/or infectious disease. The methods involve, for example, genetic manipulation, selection of reagents in the fermentation feedstock, and selection of fermentation conditions.

Abstract: Food products fortified by purified PQQ and methods of application and production are disclosed. A method of preserving a food product comprising admixing an effective amount of purified PQQ or a compound containing purified PQQ derivatives with a foodstuff to provide an inhibiting means to microorganism growth in the food product.

Abstract: The invention relates to mutants and alleles of the gnd gene from coryneform bacteria coding for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases which contain at position 329 or a comparable position of the amino acid sequence any amino acid other than L-valine, and to processes for the production of amino acids, preferably L-lysine and L-tryptophan, by fermentation using bacteria that contain these alleles.

Abstract: Invented are non-peptide TPO mimetics. Also invented is a method of treating thrombocytopenia, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises administering to such mammal an effective amount of a selected hydroxy-1-azobenzene derivative.

Abstract: Recombinant nucleic acids that encode all or a portion of the epothilone polyketide synthase (PKS) are used to express recombinant PKS genes in host cells for the production of epothilones, epothilone derivatives, and polyketides that are useful as cancer chemotherapeutics, fungicides, and immunosuppressants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of at least one microbial metabolite having at least 3 carbon atoms or at least 2 carbon atoms and at least 1 nitrogen atom by means of sugar-based microbial fermentation, comprising: a) the preparation of a sugar-containing liquid medium with a monosaccharide content of more than 20% by weight from a starch feedstock, the sugar-containing liquid medium also comprising non-starchy solid constituents of the starch feedstock; b) the fermentation of the sugar-containing liquid medium for the production of the metabolite(s); and c) depletion or isolation of at least one metabolite from the fermentation liquor, wherein a microorganism strain which produces the desired metabolite(s) is cultivated with the sugar-containing liquid medium, said liquid medium being obtained by: a1) milling the starch feedstock; and a2) liquefying the millbase in an aqueous liquid in the presence of at least one starch-liquefying enzyme, followed by saccharification using at lea

Abstract: Recombinant host cells of the suborder Cystobacterineae containing recombinant expression vectors that encode heterologous PKS genes can produce polyketides synthesized by the PKS enzymes encoded on those vectors at high levels.