Abstract: A polyketide synthase complex composed of polyketide synthase with 15 total modules, a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase with 1 module, and a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase is described. Also provided are novel Streptomyces species and methods of modified Streptomyces species. Further described are novel compounds, 36-ketomeridamycin, C9-deoxomeridamycin, and C9-deoxoprolylmeridamcyin and uses thereof.

Abstract: Biopterins are useful compounds utilized in pharmaceutical agents or functional foods. The presence of sepiapterin reductase (SPR) involved in the biosynthesis of biopterins has not been confirmed so far in microorganisms except for a few microorganisms such as blue-green algae. For efficiently producing biopterins using microorganisms, it has been demanded to obtain and use SPR genes derived from microorganisms. The present inventors have found that when Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Escherichia coli is transformed with a YIR035C gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae or a yueD gene from Bacillus subtilis, the transformed microorganism secretes biopterins into a culture solution. Based on this finding, the present invention provides a polypeptide, DNA encoding the polypeptide, a recombinant vector comprising the DNA, and a transformant obtained by transformation with the vector, which are useful in biopterin production using microorganisms.

Abstract: Polymers having a main chain having both aromatic units and aliphatic units (with repeating heteroatoms) and a side chain macromonomer are described. Methods of making these polymers using enzymatic synthesis and the applications of these polymers are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compound of stemphones obtained by culturing microorganism belonging to genus Aspergillus and having ability to produce compound of stemphones selected from the group consisting of stemphone D substance, stemphone E substance, stemphone E1 substance, stemphone E2 substance, stemphone E3 substance and stemphone F substance, accumulating the compound of stemphones in the cultured mass, and isolating the compound of stemphones from the cultured mass. Since the obtained compound has enhancing activity for imipenem and activity for reducing cytotoxicity, it can be expected to be useful as lead compounds for combination remedy for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection.

Abstract: Methods, processes and materials for the production and recovery of Tiacumicins produced by culturing a microorganism belonging to the species Dactylosporangium aurantiacum subspecies hamdenensis having the ability to produce and accumulate one or more Tiacumicin in a nutrient medium comprising a carbon source, a nitrogen source, trace elements such as inorganic salts, and an adsorbent, wherein said nitrogen source comprises fish powder, and wherein said Tiacumicin is produced in a yield greater than about 50 mg/L broth.

Abstract: Hydrolytic enzymes capable of catalyzing amidation reactions can be used to produce cyclic amide oligomers from diesters and diamines. The cyclic amide oligomers are useful for the production of higher molecular weight polyamides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microorganisms and methods for producing at least one sulfur-containing compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: Fermentation of a nutrient medium with a eubacterium Streptomyces sp. yields a novel antibacterial compound of structure (I).

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for the continuous fermentation of a desired product by the establishment of a steady state condition in a reactor followed by the nonsequential discharge of nutrient media through a plurality of intake ports. The nonsequential discharge of a plug of nutrient media causes a localized segment of the fermentation microorganisms to mix with the media while the remainder of the bed of microorganisms remains quiescent. An apparatus for practicing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for the synthesis of regiospecific rapamycin 42-hemiesters and regiospecific FK506 32-esters with dicarboxylic acids is described. The methods involve catalyzing the reaction between a rapamycin or a FK-506 and a dicarboxylic anhydride or a bifunctional activated ester of dicarboxylic acid with a lipase.

Abstract: A process of the large-scale fermentation of a highly productive ansamitocin-producing strains. A method for isolating crude ansamitocins. A method for purifying ansamitocins.

Abstract: The present invention relates methods for the biosynthesis of tetrodotoxin (TTX) involving the steps of obtaining a culture possessing one or more of a Vibrio species, such as through a seed culture, inoculating the culture and tissue extract from a textrodotoxin-bearing organism in a fermenter medium, and isolating and purifying tetrodotoxin from said fermenter, resulting in a yield of TTX of about 0.5 g TTX/L in about 3 to 5 days, such TTX being at least 90% pure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing vancomycin hydrochloride using a mutant strain of Amycolatopsis orientalis (accession No. KCCM-10836P) comprising the steps of i) mutating and isolating a strain of Amycolatopsis orientalis (accession No. KCCM-10836P) for producing vancomycin from mother strain of Amycolatopsis orientalis (accession No. ATCC-19795) using NTG(N-methyl-N?-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) in the selection medium; ii) seed culturing the isolated mutant strain of Amycolatopsis orientalis (accession No. KCCM-10836P); iii) cultivating and fermenting said mutant strain of Amycolatopsis orientalis in the fermentation medium consisting of 12˜18 (w/v) % of dextrin, 2.2˜3.8 (w/v) % of bean powder, 1.9˜2.9 (w/v) % of potato protein, 0.10˜0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the 7-oxabicyclo derivative of the formula I

Abstract: The invention provides novel polycyclic macrolactones which can be produced, in particular, by a representative of the bacterial genus Verrucosispora. These substances are preferentially distinguished by their pharmacological effect. In particular, they exhibit an antibiotic effect. This antibiotic effect is preferably directed against Gram-positive bacteria.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel source of microorganism for production of Camptothecin and related camptothecinoids. The invention also discloses its isolation, screening for Camptothecin production, growth, fermentation requirements and chemical analysis of Camptothecin (camptothecinoids).

Abstract: The invention provides a nucleic acid molecule comprising: (a) a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID No. 35; or (b) a nucleotide sequence which is the complement of SEQ ID No. 35; or (c) a nucleotide sequence which is degenerate with SEQ ID No. 35; or (d) a nucleotide sequence hybridising under conditions of high stringency to SEQ ID No. 35, to the complement of SEQ ID No. 35, or to a hybridisation probe derived from SEQ ID No. 35 or the complement thereof; or (e) a nucleotide sequence having at least 80% sequence identity with SEQ ID No. 35; or (f) a nucleotide sequence having at least 65% sequence identity with SEQ ID No. 35 wherein said sequence preferably encodes or is complementary to a sequence encoding a nystatin PKS enzyme or a part thereof.

Abstract: Carbohydrate-derived side-chain polyethers that may be synthesized by condensation polymerization of monomers derived from natural occurring carbohydrates. These compounds are protein resistant, biodegradable and may be functionalized at location other that the chain ends. Various devices, apparatus and articles of manufacture may be formed, at least in part, of the compounds of the present invention to achieve desirable protein resistance, biodegradability and/or functionalization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a regioselective biological process for the oxidation of the 23-hydroxy group of LLF-28249-? which comprises reacting LL-F28249-? with a biocatalyst that is capable of specifically oxidising the 23-hydroxy group of LL-F28249-?. The present invention also provides the use of the regioselective biological oxidation process in the manufacture of moxidectin.

Abstract: The invention relates to an enzymatic process for the production of an intermediate, bicyclic-heteroaryl-2-carboxylic acid 7, of the formula wherein X and Y are defined in the specification and which are useful in the preparation of beta-lactamase inhibitors, by selective enzymatic hydrolysis of a mixture of positional hydrolyzable esters of the formulae where X, Y, and R1 are defined in the specification.

Abstract: Method for production of indolocarbazoles by using rebeccamycin biosynthetic genes. The invention is based on utilization of rebeccamycin biosynthetic genes from Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes for production of indolocarbazoles in related microorganisms (Streptomyces spp.). Method includes the isolation of a DNA fragment from Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes ATCC39243 containing the rebeccamycin biosynthesis gene cluster and the expression of these genes in Streptomyces albus, achieving production of rebeccamycin and derivatives. The invention is suitable for use in the pharmaceutical field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a novel chemical substance capable of inducing morphogenesis, promoting growth of marine foliate green alga that use the microorganisms, and a culturing media for alga containing these novel chemical substances.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the N-demethylation or the N- and O-demethylation of a thebaine derivative which process comprises fermenting the derivative with a biocatalyst selected from the filamentous fungi from Cunninghamella dalmatica NRRL 1394, Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL 1387, Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL 1384, Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 36190, Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 11585a, Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 9244, Cunninghamella polymorpha NRRL 1395, or Rhizopus nigricans Z5/1 in a basal fermentation medium at a temperature of at least 25° C. and not more than 34° C., for a period of time of at least 3 days.

Abstract: L-Arginine is produced by culturing a microorganism which has L-arginine producing ability and has been modified so that expression of lysE gene should be enhanced, such a microorganism further modified so that an arginine repressor should not function normally, or such a microorganism further modified so that intracellular activity of an enzyme in L-arginine biosynthetic pathway should be enhanced in a medium to produce and accumulate L-arginine in the medium and collecting the L-arginine from the medium.

Abstract: A microbial method for the preparation of an epothilone containing a terminal hydroxyalkyl group, comprising contacting at least one epothilone having a terminal alkyl group with an enzyme or microorganism capable of catalyzing the selective hydroxylation of said alkyl group to a hydroxyalkyl group, and effecting said hydroxylation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods for the production, isolation and purification of epothilone B. These methods include, for example, a fermentation process for the production of epothilone B, isolation via adsorption onto a resin, and subsequent purification.

Abstract: A compound which has the following formula (1), a process for its production, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound as an active ingredient, a method of treating tumor which comprises administering the compound, use of the compound as a medicine, and a microorganism capable of producing the compound. The compound of the present invention is a novel compound which has antitumor action and is useful as a medicine.

Abstract: A microorganism that is a mutant bacterial strain of the species Actinosynnema pretiosum, designated PF4-4, (ATCC PTA-3921), being capable of producing maytansinoid ansamitocins such as ansamitocin P-3 in improved yield compared to previous known strains, and capable of growth under varied culture conditions, and methods of producing maytansinoid ansamitocins by culturing PF4-4 in a suitable growth medium.

Abstract: The present invention is comprised of culturing microorganism having ability to produce FKI-1083 substance represented by the formula: in a medium, accumulating FKI-1083 substance in the cultured medium, and isolating FKI-1083 substance from the cultured mass. The thus obtained FKI-1083 substance has growth inhibitory activities against microorganisms, nematodes and arthropods, and is useful as anthelmintic and insecticide.

Abstract: A process for preparing enantiomer-enriched heterocyclic (R)- and (S)-cyanohydrins of the formula (I), where R1, R2, R3, R4 independently of one another are H, an unsubstituted or substituted C1–C24-alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl radical, where one or more carbon atoms in the chain can be replaced by an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, an SO or an SO2 group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl radical or heterocyclic radical or halogen, hydroxyl, NR5R6, acetyl, oxo, C1–C6-carbalkoxy, C1–C6-carbalkoxyamino, COOR7, cyano, amide, benzoylamino or NO2, R5 and R6 are H, C1–C6-alkyl radical, phenyl radical, benzyl radical or COOR7, or together form a C2–C8-alkylene or heteroalkylene radical, R7 is H or C1–C6-alkyl, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, X, Y and Z can be an unsubstituted or substituted carbon atom or a radical selected from the group consisting of N, O, S or NR5R6, where R5 and R6 are as defined above, SO or SO2, and at least one of the radicals X, Y and Z is not a carbon atom, where the compo

Abstract: Polynucleotides encoding a carboxylesterase enzyme and polypeptides encoded by the polynucleotides which are capable of metabolizing a chemotherapeutic prodrug and inactive metabolites thereof to active drug are provided. Compositions and methods for sensitizing tumor cells to a prodrug chemotherapeutic agent and inhibiting tumor growth with this enzyme are also provided. In addition, screening assay for identification of drugs activated by this enzyme are described.

Abstract: A method for the production of clavulanic acid by the fermentation of a clavulanic acid producing microorganism at a controlled level of at least 50 mg/l ammonia has been provided for. Under the application of these reaction conditions surprisingly high production levels of clavulanic acid have been obtained.

Abstract: The invention describes the riboflavin biosynthesis gene and gene products from yeast. Vectors and recombinant preparation processes for riboflavin are furthermore described. Specifically, the invention relates to the genes for riboflavin biosynthesis in yeast, the proteins encoded therewith and genetic engineering process for the preparation of riboflavin using these genes and gene products. Accordingly, six genes (rib genes), which encode from enzymes of riboflavin biosynthesis starting from GTP, were found in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and isolated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fermentation process which is useful for the simultaneous production of propionic acid and vitamin B12, characterized in that it employs the culturing, on a suitable culture medium, of at least one microorganism suitable for the production of vitamin B12 and propionic acid, and in that the corresponding fermentation is carried out in continuous fashion and involves at least two successive stages, a first stage associated with the optimal production of propionic acid, and a second with the optimal production of vitamin B12.

Abstract: A microorganism strain which is Streptomyces griseus FERM BP-5420 and processes for preparing compounds by cultivating such microorganism strain.

Abstract: The present invention discloses podophyllotoxin producing endophytic fungi isolated from Podophyllum species. The invention provides methods for identifying podophyllotoxin producing endophytic fungi and methods for recovering podophyllotoxin from such fungi.

Abstract: The disclosure describes the production of anticancer agent LL-D45042, having the structure: 1

Abstract: The invention relates to an enzymatic process for the production of an intermediate, bicyclic-heteroaryl-2-carboxylic acid, of the formula 1

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof and a medicament such as an angiogenesis inhibitor and an antitumor agent which comprises said compound or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A microorganism capable of producing substances K97-0239 comprising K97-0239A represented by the following formula [I]: and K97-0239B represented by the following formula [II]: is cultured in a medium and the substances K97-0239 thus accumulated in the medium are collected from the culture medium. The obtained substances have a low toxicity and specifically inhibit the foaming of macrophages. Owing to these characteristics, they are useful in preventing and treating human arteriosclerosis and diseases caused thereby.

Abstract: Plant material enriched in secondary metabolites is produced in tissue culture under conditions that organogenically produce a proliferation of shoots and leafy material, and harvesting the leafy material and shoots while in a green, actively-growing, non-senescent stage. Of particular interest is plant material that produces alkaloids, especially material from poppy (Papaver sp.) that will yield economically attractive levels of morphinane alkaloids, particularly thebaine.

Abstract: Recombinant host cells that produce rapamycin analogues are constructed by deleting or modifying rapamycin biosynthetic gene cluster genes and are useful in the production of compounds used as antifungals, anticancers, immunosuppressants, and neurotrophins.

Abstract: A microorganism that is a mutant bacterial strain of the species Actinosynnema pretiosum, designated PF4-4, (ATCC PTA-3921), being capable of producing maytansinoid ansamitocins such as ansamitocin P-3 in improved yield compared to previous known strains, and capable of growth under varied culture conditions, and methods of producing maytansinoid ansamitocins by culturing PF4-4 in a suitable growth medium.

Abstract: A gene is provided that encodes an amino acid sequence indicated in SEQ ID NO. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14 originating in, for example, Arabidopsis thaliana.

Abstract: A microbial method for the preparation of an epothilone containing a terminal hydroxyalkyl group, comprising contacting at least one epothilone having a terminal alkyl group with an enzyme or microorganism capable of catalyzing the selective hydroxylation of said alkyl group to a hydroxyalkyl group, and effecting said hydroxylation.

Abstract: The present invention comprising culturing a microorganism which belongs to genus Streptomyces and has ability to produce K99-5041-C1x substance and/or K99-5041-C2x substance in a medium, accumulating K99-5041-C1x substance and/or K99-5041-C2x substance in the culture fluid, and isolating K99-5041-C1x substance and/or K99-5041-C2x substance form the cultured mass. Since the obtained K99-5041-C1x substance and/or K99-5041-C2x substance exhibit inhibitory activity against lanosterol synthase, these substances are expected to apply clinically for preventive and therapeutic agents caused by accumulation of cholesterol in humans and antifungal agents.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the increased production of biotin and the biotin precursor dethiobiotin using a bacterium that produces a lysine-utilizing DAPA aminotransferase. The method involves the use of a bacterium that is either grown in the presence of lysine or deregulated for lysine biosynthesis.

Abstract: A composition containing a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand for topical use in the treatment of cutaneous stress.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel enantioselective bioreduction using a yeast microorganism for the preparation of the chiral allylic alcohols of structural formula I (R is hydrogen or methyl) which are useful in the asymmetric synthesis of integrin &agr;v&bgr;3 receptor antagonists.