Abstract: The disclosure discloses construction and application of an engineered strain of E. coli for producing malic acid by fixing CO2, and belongs to the field of fermentation. The engineered strain is obtained by performing genetic engineering transformation on Escherichia coli MG1655; the genetic engineering transformation includes knocking out a fumarate reductase gene, a fumarase gene, a lactate dehydrogenase gene and an alcohol dehydrogenase gene and freely overexpressing a formate dehydrogenase, an acetyl coenzyme A synthetase, an acylated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, a formaldehyde lyase, a dihydroxyacetone kinase, a malic enzyme and a phosphite oxidoreductase to obtain a strain GH0407. The strain is used for producing malic acid by fermentation, anaerobic fermentation is performed for 72 hours with CO2 and glucose as a co-substrate, the production of malic acid reaches 39 g/L, the yield is 1.53 mol/mol, and accumulation of malic acid in the original strain is not achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a long-chain dibasic acid with low content of hydroxyl acid impurity and a production method thereof, in particular to a method for producing a long-chain dibasic acid with low content of hydroxyl acid impurity by fermenting a long-chain dibasic acid producing strain prepared by homologous recombination method. The present invention relates to a recombinant long-chain dibasic acid producing microorganism, having increased alcohol dehydrogenase activity and optionally decreased acyl-CoA oxidase activity. The present invention also relates to a method of producing a long-chain dibasic acid by the recombinant long-chain dibasic acid producing microorganism and use thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to the biosynthesis of organic acids in genetically modified microorganisms. More specifically, this invention provides genetically modified microorganisms that are particularly tolerant to organic acids at low pH and are capable of producing organic acids by fermentation at low pH.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method to increase production of itaconic acid in a micro-organism by inhibiting the expression or functioning of the enzyme itaconyl-CoA transferase, itaconyl-CoA hydratase (citramalyl-CoA hydrolyase; EC 4.2.1.56) and/or citramalyl-CoA lyase. Also embodied are micro-organisms, preferably Aspergillus terreus or Aspergillus niger, in which said enzyme is inhibited.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of succinic acid and other chemicals derived from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) by fermentation with a microorganism in which the fermentation medium contains one or more sugars, and in which one or more of the sugars is imported into the cell by facilitated diffusion. As a specific example, succinic acid is produced from a glucose-containing renewable feedstock through fermentation using a biocatalyst. Examples of such a biocatalyst include microorganisms that have been enhanced in their ability to utilize glucose as a carbon and energy source. The biocatalysts of the present invention are derived from the genetic manipulation of parental strains that were originally constructed with the goal to produce one or more chemicals (for example succinic acid and/or a salt of succinic acid) at a commercial scale using feedstocks that include, for example, glucose, fructose, or sucrose.

Abstract: Provided is a transformed cell improved in C4 dicarboxylic acid productivity. A transformed cell containing a foreign polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide consisting of an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 22 or an amino acid sequence having an identity of at least 80% with any of the sequences.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a genetically-modified bacterium from the genus Pseudomonas that produces itaconate or trans-aconitate. The disclosure further provides methods for producing itaconate or trans-aconitate using a genetically-modified bacterium from the genus Pseudomonas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing ethanol comprising providing biomass, supplying yeast to the biomass, reducing the size of the biomass, fermentation of the biomass at a solid content of above 20%, and distilling the fermented biomass. It also relates to an ethanol producing system comprising biomass providing arrangement, a yeast supplying device for supplying yeast to the biomass, a biomass size reducing device configured to reduce the size of the biomass, a fermentation device configured to ferment the biomass at a solid content of above 20% and a distilling device.

Abstract: The invention relates to various new yeast strains of the type Yarrowia lipolytica as well as relevant methods for the biocatalytic preparation of ?-hydroxy fatty acids or dicarboxylic acids with the aid of these strains, whereby the formation of ?-hydroxy fatty acids or dicarboxylic acids is advantageously increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for selecting a yeast strain having improved capability for fermenting a pentose, advantageously xylose, in the presence of organic acid, advantageously acetic acid, in non-dissociated form, in which at least one yeast strain that is capable of fermenting said pentose is consecutively cultured in the following two media: a first growth medium comprising said pentose as the only carbon source and said organic acid in non-dissociated form; a second growth medium comprising another carbon source as the only carbon source, advantageously glucose, free of said organic acid in non-dissociated form, the consecutive culture in at least said two growth media being repeated at least twice, in the presence of rising concentrations of organic acid in non-dissociated form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an organic acid by fermentation, comprising the process steps: I) cultivating microorganisms in a culture medium to which are fed, as assimilable carbon sources, glycerol and a further carbonaceous compound, to allow the microorganisms to produce the organic acid, thereby obtaining a fermentation broth comprising the organic acid; II) recovering the organic acid or the salt thereof from the fermentation broth obtained in process step I); wherein, at least for a certain period of time in process step I), the consumption rate of the further carbonaceous compound (CRc.c.; in g per liter per hour) is lower than the maximum theoretical consumption rate of the further carbonaceous compound (CRc.c. max; in g per liter per hour).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microorganism having improved L-lysine-producing ability and an L-lysine-producing method using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a microorganism of the genus of Corynebacterium, in which acetate kinase activity is further enhanced over inherent activity, and an L-lysine-producing method using the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to various new yeast strains of the type Yarrowia lipolytica as well as relevant methods for the biocatalytic preparation of ?-hydroxy fatty acids or dicarboxylic acids with the aid of these strains, whereby the formation of ?-hydroxy fatty acids or dicarboxylic acids is advantageously increased.

Abstract: This invention relates to improvements in the fermentation process used in the production of organic acids from biological feedstock using bacterial catalysts. The improvements in the fermentation process involve providing a fermentation medium comprising an appropriate form of inorganic carbon, an appropriate amount of aeration and a biocatalyst with an enhanced ability to uptake and assimilate the inorganic carbon into the organic acids. This invention also provides, as a part of an integrated fermentation facility, a novel process for producing a solid source of inorganic carbon by sequestering carbon released from the fermentation in an alkali solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a variant polypeptide having fumarate reductase activity, which has modified NADP(H)-dependent and/or NAD(H)-dependent activity as compared with a reference polypeptide having fumarate reductase activity. Such a variant may be overexpressed in a host cell in order to improve production of a dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Provided are engineered microorganisms capable of producing fatty dicarboxylic acids and products expressed by such microorganisms. Also provided are biological methods for producing fatty dicarboxylic acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a cytosolic citric acid synthase for the heterologous production of citrate outside the mitochondrion of a micro-organism or algae, wherein the protein is selected from A. niger An08g10920, An01g09940, An09g03570, or an ortholog of these genes. Such production is achieved by introducing the nucleic acid encoding such a protein into a suitable host cell. Preferably the protein is A. niger An08g10920, An01g09940, An09g03570 or an ortholog thereof, more particularly, wherein such an ortholog is chosen from the group of proteins listed in FIG. 9 and proteins having a percentage identity of 70%, more preferably 75%, more preferably 80%, more preferably 85%, more preferably 90%, more preferably 95%, more preferably 98%, more preferably 99% with An08g10920, An01g09940 or An09g03570.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified microorganism having, compared to its wild-type, a reduced activity of the enzyme that is encoded by the fruA-gene. The present invention also relates to a method for producing an organic compound and to the use of modified microorganisms.

Abstract: Yeast cells having a reductive TCA pathway from pyruvate or phosphoenolpyruvate to succinate, and which include at least one exogenous gene overexpressing an enzyme in that pathway, further contain an exogenous transhydrogenase gene.

Abstract: A method comprising: (a) enzymatically processing an O-acetylhomoserine (OAHS) fermentation liquor to produce L-methionine and an acetate source; (b) separating at least a portion of said L-methionine from at least a fraction of said acetate source to form separated L-methionine and a residual liquor comprising an acetate-source; and (c) recovering at least a portion of said acetate source from said residual liquor as recovered acetate.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon and hydrogen fuels and other products may be produced by a process employing a combination of fermentation and electrochemical stages. In the process, a biomass contained within a fermentation medium is fermented with an inoculum comprising a mixed culture of microorganisms derived the rumen contents of a rumen-containing animal. This inoculated medium is incubated under anaerobic conditions and for a sufficient time to produce volatile fatty acids. The resultant volatile fatty acids are then subjected to electrolysis under conditions effective to convert said volatile fatty acids to hydrocarbons and hydrogen simultaneously. The process can convert a wide range of biomass materials to a wide range of volatile fatty acid chain lengths and can convert these into a wide range of biobased fuels and biobased products.

Abstract: This invention belongs to the field of biochemical engineering and relates to a method of cyclic utilization of water during separation of succinic acid made by fermentation. This invention uses water from separation process for aerobic growth of E. coli AFP111 and production of succinic acid by anaerobic fermentation, obtaining final succinic acid concentration of 55 g/L and yield of 91.6%. Compared with results of fermentation using culture medium prepared from tap water, succinic acid concentration and productivity increased by 8.5% and 8.46%, respectively. An outstanding advantage of this invention is recovery and utilization of evaporated water during separation of succinic acid, realizing cyclic use of water during industrial production of succinic acid, which is an environment-friendly process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant yeast comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a heterologous enzyme that catalyses the conversion of malic acid to fumaric acid. The invention further relates to a process for the production of a dicarboxylic acid wherein the yeast according to the present invention is used.

Abstract: The present invention provides host cells having improved sugar utilization or co-utilization, methods of producing host cells having improved sugar utilization or co-utilization, and methods of using host cells having improved sugar utilization or co-utilization. The present invention provides E. coli strains that co-utilize glucose and xylose in the presence of glucose and xylose, wherein the cell produces the product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having bicarbonate transporter activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides, and methods of producing C4-dicarboxylic acids, such as malic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a dicarboxylic acid and ethanol which comprises fermenting a genetically modified yeast in a suitable fermentation medium under anaerobic conditions at a pH value of between 1 and 5 and producing the dicarboxylic acid and ethanol. The invention also relates to a process for crystallizing succinic acid from an aqueous solution having a pH of between 1 and 5 and comprising succinic acid, comprising removing part of the aqueous solution by evaporation to obtain a concentrated solution, and bringing the temperature of the concentrated solution to a value of between 10 and 30 degrees Celsius, wherein succinic acid crystals are formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mutant microorganism, which is selected from the group consisting of genus Mannheimia, genus Actinobacillus and genus Anaerobiospirillum, producing homo-succinic acid and a method for producing homo-succinic acid using the same, and more particularly to a mutant microorganism producing succinic acid at a high concentration while producing little or no other organic acids in anaerobic conditions, which is obtained by disrupting a gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA), a gene encoding phosphotransacetylase (pta), and a gene encoding acetate kinase (ackA), without disrupting a gene encoding pyruvate formate lyase (pfl), as well as a method for producing succinic acid using the same. The inventive mutant microorganism has the property of having a high growth rate and succinic acid productivity while producing little or no organic acids, as compared to the prior strains producing succinic acid.

Abstract: Biological method for conversion of a sugar-containing organic material into a desired biochemical product. Use of a plurality of substrate-selective cells allows different sugars in a complex mixture to be consumed concurrently and independently. The method can be readily extended to remove inhibitory compounds from hydrolysate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel epoxide hydrolase enzyme which aims to achieve a high degree of resolution towards a broader range of substrates with high enantioselectivity and yields with minimal product inhibition. The invention further relates to a new bacterial strain Achromobacter sp. MTCC 5605 isolated from a petroleum-contaminated sludge sample, capable of producing the said enzyme. It is notable that the enzyme can be used as whole bacterial cell preparation, which allows continuous hydrolysis of substrates at even higher concentration and have an advantage of being recycled. The invention further relates to a process for the hydrolysis of different aryl epoxides which are potential synthons of intermediates for the synthesis of chiral amino alcohols and bioactive compounds like ?-blockers.

Abstract: An organic acid is produced by allowing a bacterium which has an ability to produce an organic acid and has been modified so that expression of the sucE1 and mdh genes are enhanced, or a product obtained by processing the bacterium, to act on an organic raw material in a reaction mixture containing carbonate ions, bicarbonate ions, or carbon dioxide gas, and collecting the organic acid.

Abstract: A process for mechanical destructuring of starch-based biomass was developed that makes use of a short application of high compression, impact, and shearing forces. The biomass may be destructured using a specific energy input that is less than 40% of the total combustible energy of the biomass. The destructured starch-based biomass, with or without saccharification and/or in-feed glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, may be used in feed applications. The destructured starch-based may saccharified to produce syrups and fermentable sugars, and for production of products including ethanol using a biocatalyst.

Abstract: A method of making a C4 diacid from a sugar source by fermentation with a microorganism is described that includes supplementing the fermentation medium with relatively low amounts of betaine. The use of betaine can substantially reduce or even completely eliminate the need for complex nutrient source such as yeast extract, and eliminate a need for vitamins such as biotin, while maintaining a high level of production of the C4 diacid from a simplified sugar based media. The use of betaine improves yield from sugar, final titer, and rate of production per hour. The method is particularly suitable for microorganisms that otherwise display a dependence on yeast extract for high productivity, more particularly for any bacteria, and most particularly for the production of succinic acid from the bacterium Actinobacillus succinogenes. An improved strain of A succinogenes is also described, having a mutation in a betaine transporter that improves C4 diacid production in the presence of betaine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fed-batch culture method comprising a step of fed-batch-feeding a carbon source base and a base in such a manner that the pH level can be maintained at a level suitable for the growth of microorganisms for fermentation of a carbon source. The present invention also provides a method for preparing organic acids using the fed-batch culture method. The present invention fed-batch-feeds a neutralizing agent such as ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate or alkali metal-containing weak base, and a carbon source substrate in preparing organic acids by microorganism fermentation. Thus, a pH level suitable for the survival of microorganisms for carbon source fermentation can be maintained, and the speed of injecting the carbon source base which is the source material can be appropriately adjusted.

Abstract: A method of producing a sugar liquid from cellulose-containing biomass includes (1) to (4): (1) subjecting a cellulose-containing biomass to a dilute sulfuric acid treatment and thereafter separating the treated cellulose-containing biomass into a dilute sulfuric acid-treated liquid and a cellulose-containing solid content; (2) adding a cellulase to the cellulose-containing solid content to hydrolyze the cellulose and thereafter obtaining a sugar liquid; (3) filtering the dilute sulfuric acid-treated liquid through a nanofiltration membrane at pH 2.5 or lower to thereby separate a sugar concentrated liquid as a retentate and at the same time recover a sulfuric acid aqueous solution as a permeate; and (4) reusing the whole amount or a part of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution obtained in (3) in the dilute sulfuric acid treatment in (1).

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of hydrocarbons substituted with at least one group containing at least one oxygen atom, comprising the process steps A) reaction of a carbon source comprising at least one selected from CO2 and CO to give acetate and/or ethanol with a first microorganism, B) separating off of the acetate from the first microorganism, C) reaction of the acetate to give a hydrocarbon substituted with at least one group containing at least one oxygen atom with a second microorganism and optionally D) purification of the hydrocarbon substituted with at least one group containing at least one oxygen atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a concentrated extract of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), the complex composition of which makes it possible to increase the antibacterial effects thereof, which is of use for the prevention or treatment of urinary infections, and in particular for the preventive treatment of urinary infections or treatment against the recurrence thereof. The invention also relates to a process for preparing such an extract, to food, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the extract and to the use thereof in the treatment or prevention of urinary infections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of degrading or converting biomass material enriched with hemicellulosic material into fermentable sugars.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the synthesis of diacids of general formula ROOC—(CH2)n—(CH?CH)a—(CH2)mCOOR1 in which n and m are identical or different and each represent an integer such that their sum is between 6 and 15, a is an index of 0 or 1, and R and R1 are H or an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, from long-chain mono-unsaturated natural fatty acids or esters having at least 10 adjacent carbon atoms per molecule of the general formula CH3—(CH2)p—CH?CH—(CH2)q—COOR, p and q, being identical or different and representing indices between 2 and 11, wherein said method comprises the first step of oxidizing by fermentation said natural fatty acid or ester, using a microorganism, such as a bacterium, a yeast, or a fungus, into at least one unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylate, the second step of submitting the product from the first step to a metathesis crossed with a compound of formula R2OOC—(CH2)x—CH?CH—R3, in which R2 is H or an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, x is 0 or 1 or

Abstract: This present invention relates to production of chemicals from microorganisms that have been genetically engineered and metabolically evolved. Improvements in chemical production have been established, and particular mutations that lead to those improvements have been identified. Specific examples are given in the identification of mutations that occurred during the metabolic evolution of a bacterial strain genetically engineered to produce succinic acid. This present invention also provides a method for evaluating the industrial applicability of mutations that were selected during the metabolic evolution for increased succinic acid production. This present invention further provides microorganisms engineered to have mutations that are selected during metabolic evolution and contribute to improved production of succinic acid, other organic acids and other chemicals of commercial interest.

Abstract: This document describes biochemical pathways for producing glutaric acid, 5-aminopentanoic acid, 5-hydroxypentanoic acid, cadaverine or 1,5-pentanediol by forming one or two terminal functional groups, comprised of carboxyl, amine or hydroxyl group, in a C5 backbone substrate such as D-proline.

Abstract: The invention provides processes and methods for utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising hydrogen (H2) and CO2. In particular, the invention allows for the conversion of at least a portion of the CO2 in the gaseous substrate to one or more products, such as ethanol, acetate, and/or 2,3-butanediol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a dicarboxylic acid. The process comprises fermenting a yeast in the presence of a carbohydrate-containing substrate and low amounts of oxygen at a pH value at which at least 50% of the dicarboxylic acid is in the acid form. The process of the present invention allows for high yields of the dicarboxylic acid product and is more cost-effective than existing processes in which the salt is produced which during recovery has to be converted to the acid. It also leads to a simpler and more convenient downstream processing.

Abstract: Improved systems for the biological production of organic acids are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous fermentation process using Actinobacillus succinogenes. It was confirmed that in a cell recycled process, a production amount of succinic acid was about 60 g/L and productivity was about 3.873 g/L per hour. It was confirmed that a cell recycled fermentation process was increased in amount of microbial cells by about 2 times or more, increased in production amount of succinic acid by about 5 times, and increased in productivity of succinic acid by about 8 times or more as compared with the typical continuous culture. Such a succinic acid production process with high productivity and high yield rate can reduce production cost and can also produce succinic acid on an industrial level even at a pilot-scale culture unit without scaling up a culture unit. Therefore, if the process of the present invention is applied, it is expected to be more advantageous for industrial application.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nucleic acid molecules coding for a bacterial xylose isomerase (XI), preferably coming from Clostridium phytofermentans, for reaction/metabolization, particularly fermentation, of recombinant microorganisms of biomaterial containing xylose, and particularly for the production of bioalcohols, particularly bioethanol, by means of xylose fermenting yeasts. The present invention further relates to cells, particularly eukaryotic cells, which are transformed utilizing a nucleic acid expression construct which codes for a xylose isomerase, wherein the expression of the nucleic acid expression construct imparts to the cells the capability to directly isomerize xylose into xylulose. Said cells are preferably utilized for reaction/metabolization, particularly fermentation, of biomaterial containing xylose, and particularly for the production of bioalcohols, particularly bioethanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of producing a C4 dicarboxylic acid, comprising: (a) cultivating a filamentous fungal host cell comprising a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a heterologous first polynucleotide encoding a C4 dicarboxylic acid transporter, a heterologous second polynucleotide encoding a malate dehydrogenase, and a heterologous third polynucleotide encoding a pyruvate carboxylase; wherein the filamentous fungal host cell is capable of secreting increased levels of the C4 dicarboxylic acid compared to the filamentous fungal host cell without the heterologous polynucleotide when cultivated under the same conditions; and (b) recovering the C4 dicarboxylic acid. The present invention also relates to methods for increasing C4 dicarboxylic acid production, filamentous fungal host cells and malate dehydrogenase variants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of processing lignocellulosic material to obtain hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose and other high-value products. Also provided are hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose, and other high-value products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nucleic acid molecules coding for a bacterial xylose isomerase (XI), preferably coming from Clostridium phytofermentans, for reaction/metabolization, particularly fermentation, of recombinant microorganisms of biomaterial containing xylose, and particularly for the production of bioalcohols, particularly bioethanol, by means of xylose fermenting yeasts. The present invention further relates to cells, particularly eukaryotic cells, which are transformed utilizing a nucleic acid expression construct which codes for a xylose isomerase, wherein the expression of the nucleic acid expression construct imparts to the cells the capability to directly isomerize xylose into xylulose. Said cells are preferably utilized for reaction/metabolization, particularly fermentation, of biomaterial containing xylose, and particularly for the production of bioalcohols, particularly bioethanol.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes of producing a fermentation product, comprising liquefying a starch containing material with an alpha-amylase; pre-saccharifying and/or saccharifying and fermenting using a fermentation organism in the presence of a carbohydrate source generating enzyme and a cellulolytic composition The invention also relates to methods of dewatering whole stillage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to GH61 polypeptide variants. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants.