Abstract: The present invention provides an extremely useful and novel ?-galactoside-?2,6-sialyltransferase having an optimum reaction pH in a neutral to alkaline range, and a nucleic acid encoding the sialyltransferase. The present invention further provides a vector carrying a nucleic acid encoding the sialyltransferase, and a host cell transformed with the vector, as well as a method for producing a recombinant ?-galactoside-?2,6-sialyltransferase.

Abstract: A method for producing sialylated molecules based on reverse sialylation that catalytically transfers the sialic acid moiety of sialylated donors to nucleotide monophosphates or transfer sialic acid moieties from sialylated donors to acceptor glycoproteins or glycolipids.

Abstract: The invention relates to ?-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase polypeptides, nucleic acids that encode the polypeptides, and methods of using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method of producing turanose using amylosucrase and a sweetener including the turanose. This method enables production of high-purity turanose through an enzymatic reaction occurring by treating a solution including only sucrose or a solution including fructose and sucrose with amylosucrase.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to nucleic acids encoding glycosyltransferases, the proteins encoded thereby, and to methods for synthesizing oligosaccharides using the glycosyltransferases of the invention. In particular, the present application is directed to identification a glycosyltransferase locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae containing five open reading frames for five different glycosyltransferases. The functionally active glycosyltransferases of the invention are characterized by catalyzing reactions such as adding Gal ?1?4 to GlcNAc or Glc; adding GalNAc or GlcNAc ?1?3 to Gal; and adding Gal ?l?4 to Gal. The glycosyltransferases of the invention are particularly suited to the synthesis of the oligosaccharides Gal?1?4GlcNAc?1?3Gal?1?4Glc (a mimic of lacto-N-neotetraose), GalNAc?1?3Gal?1?4GlcNAc?1?3Gal?1?4Glc?1?4 (a mimic ganglioside), and Gal?1?4Gal?1?4Glc?1?4Hep?R (a mimic of the saccharide portion of globo-glycolipids).

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for engineering bacteria to produce fucosylated oligosaccharides, and the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of infection.

Abstract: After various sugar nucleotide solutions and glycosyltransferases (or primers) have been mixed, they are introduced into a reaction tank (column) with primers (or glycosyltransferases) immobilized thereon. Then solutions coming out of the reaction tank are led to an ultrafiltration column. The oligosaccharide synthesizer according to the present invention is equipped with a flow path for ensuring that glycosyltransferases or primers separated by the ultrafiltration column are returned into a container for storing each solution in a sample injector.

Abstract: The N-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase protein of the present invention is characterized by transferring N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine with ?1,3 linkage, and it preferably has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4. The canceration assay according to the present invention uses a nucleic acid for measurement which hybridizes under stringent conditions to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 or a nucleotide sequence complementary to at least one of them.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for identifying compounds which modulate cellular glycosylation. The invention further provides methods for treating subjects suffering from or at risk of developing a glycosylation associated disorder.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel polypeptide having a ?1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity; a method for producing the polypeptide; a DNA which encodes the polypeptide; a recombinant vector into which the DNA is inserted; a transformant comprising the recombinant vector; a method for producing a sugar chain or complex carbohydrate, using the polypeptide; a method for producing a sugar chain or complex carbohydrate, using the transformant; an antibody which recognizes the polypeptide; a method for screening a substance which changes the expression of the gene which encodes the polypeptide; and a method for screening a substance which changes the activity of the polypeptide.

Abstract: Disclosed are hybrid genes of glucanase and dextransucrase, recombinant vectors comprising said hybrid genes, microorganisms which are transformed with said recombinant vectors, hybrid enzymes which are expressed from said hybrid genes, and processes for preparing isomalto-oligosaccharides or dextran using said microorganisms or enzymes. Expensive isomalto-oligosaccharides and low molecular weight dextran for clinical use can be produced simply and effectively from cheap substrate-sucrose, using a single bacterial strain or enzyme.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel acid proteases and more specifically to NSP24 family proteases and NSP25 family proteases including biologically active fragments thereof and to nucleic acid molecules encoding said proteases. Also provided are vectors and host cells including nucleic acid sequences coding for the proteases, methods for producing the proteases, enzyme compositions and methods employing said proteases.

Abstract: The invention relates to potato starches having an amylose content of less than 10% by weight, a phosphate content in the C6 position of between 35 and 100 nmol of phosphate per milligram of starch and a content of side chains having a DP of from 12 to 19 which is elevated as compared with that in potato starch from corresponding wild-type potato plants.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel ?-galactoside-?2,3-sialyltransferase and a nucleic acid encoding the sialyltransferase. The present invention also provides a microorganism producing the sialyltransferase, as well as a method for producing the sialyltransferase using such a microorganism. The present invention further provides a vector carrying a nucleic acid encoding the sialyltransferase, and a host cell transformed with the vector, as well as a method for producing a recombinant ?-galactoside-?2,3-sialyltransferase. The present invention further provides a method for preparing a sialylsugar chain, which uses the sialyltransferase of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methodology for polymer grafting by a polysaccharide synthase and, more particularly, polymer grafting using the hyaluronate or chondroitin or heparin/heparosan synthases from Pasteurella, in order to create a variety of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides having a natural or chimeric or hybrid sugar structure with a targeted size that are substantially monodisperse in size. The present invention also relates to methodology for polymer grafting by a polysaccharide synthase to form glycosaminoglycan polymers having an unnatural structure.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a linear-chain beta-1,3-glucan is disclosed that comprises polymerizing glucose-1-phosphate serving as a substrate by contacting the glucose-1-phosphate with a beta-1,3-glucan phosphorylase derived from a species in the genus Ochromonas. A laminarioligosaccharide may be added to serve as a primer. A linear-chain beta-1,3-glucan having a degree of polymerization between about 30 to 70 is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for modifying glycans (e.g., glycans expressed on the surface of live cells or cell particles) are provided herein.

Abstract: A method for making a genetically modified cell having the ability to produce fucosylated compounds comprising the steps of transforming the cell to express a fucose kinase transforming the cell to express a fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase transforming the cell to express a fucosyltransferase.

Abstract: Methods for producing hyaluronic acid are described, including altering the activity in Streptococcus cells of one or more enzymes and/or altering the amount of available substrates or substrate precursors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the large scale in vivo synthesis of globosides oligosaccharides; especially globotriose, globotetraose and globopentaose, which are the carbohydrate portions of globotriosylceramide (Gb3Cer), globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer) and globopentaosylceramide (Gb5Cer) respectively. It also relates to high yield production of potential anticancer vaccines of the globo-series glycosphingo lipids, including the Globo-H.

Abstract: A method of glycosylating a lipid having a free hydroxyI group, the method comprising contacting said lipid with a source of monosaccharide moiety and a transglycosidase enzyme, is disclosed. In particular, a method for in situ production of the glycosylated lipid in a food product is disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for producing fermentable sugar obtained from a plant tissue. The methods include providing transgenic plant material comprising one or more locked carbohydrates and contacting plant material with an enzyme capable of converting the locked carbohydrate into a fermentable sugar. The methods are useful for providing sugar or sugar pre-cursors for several industrial purposes including ethanol production. The invention also encompasses plants and plant parts that produce a lock enzyme to yield a locked carbohydrate, with the consequence of accumulating the locked carbohydrate in the plant. The invention also encompasses providing a key enzyme able to convert locked carbohydrates to fermentable sugars. Key enzymes can be provided by transgenic plants or plant parts, transgenic microbes, transgenic yeast, microbes or yeast.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel polypeptide having a ?1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase activity; a method for producing the polypeptide; a DNA which encodes the polypeptide; a recombinant vector into which the DNA is inserted; a transformant comprising the recombinant vector; a method for producing a sugar chain or complex carbohydrate, using the polypeptide; a method for producing a sugar chain or complex carbohydrate, using the transformant; an antibody which recognizes the polypeptide; a method for screening a substance which changes the expression of the gene which encodes the polypeptide; and a method for screening a substance which changes the activity of the polypeptide.

Abstract: The invention relates to polypeptides having glucanase, e.g., endoglucanase, mannanase, xylanase activity or a combination of these activities, and polynucleotides encoding them. In one aspect, the glucanase activity is an endoglucanase activity (e.g., endo-1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-glucano hydrolase activity) and comprises hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in cellulose, cellulose derivatives (e.g., carboxy methyl cellulose and hydroxy ethyl cellulose) lichenin, beta-1,4 bonds in mixed beta-1,3 glucans, such as cereal beta-D-glucans or xyloglucans and other plant material containing cellulosic parts. In addition, methods of designing new enzymes and methods of use thereof are also provided. In alternative aspects, the new glucanases e.g., endoglucanases, mannanases, xylanases have increased activity and stability at increased pH and temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are hybrid genes of glucanase and dextransucrase, recombinant vectors comprising said hybrid genes, microorganisms which are transformed with said recombinant vectors, hybrid enzymes which are expressed from said hybrid genes, and processes for preparing isomalto-oligosaccharides or dextran using said microorganisms or enzymes. Expensive isomalto-oligosaccharides and low molecular weight dextran for clinical use can be produced simply and effectively from cheap substrate-sucrose, using a single bacterial strain or enzyme.

Abstract: CgtB proteins with enhanced beta 1,3-galactosaminyltransferase activity, nucleic acids that encode the CgtB proteins and methods for use of the CgtB proteins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sugar chain synthesizer capable of continuously reacting sugar chains when a plurality of sugar chains are successively reacted. The sugar chain synthesizer of the present invention includes a plurality of vessels containing respective sugar nucleotide solutions, a plurality of vessels containing respective glycosyltransferases, and a reactor containing a primer that is a water-soluble polymer, into which the above described sugar nucleotide solution and glycosyltransferase are introduced. In the present invention, components in a reaction solution obtained in the reactor are separated through an ultrafiltration column, and a reaction product is then returned to the above described reactor, so as to continuously synthesize sugar chains. Although it is a complicated synthesis of sugar chains, it becomes possible to carry out such synthesis continuously and automatically.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods which enables synthesis of various sugar chains and products obtained by the same. More specifically, the present invention provides protected sugar chain compounds represented by the formula (I) below: [wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is a linear or branched sugar chain, S1 is any sugar residue, SA and SB are the same or different sugar residues, L is a bond or a linear sugar chain, X is absent, or, if present, represents certain group, the sugar residues SA and SB are cleaved by different exoglycosidases, respectively] and libraries thereof, and methods of producing the same; methods of producing a sugar chain compound, which comprises treating the sugar chain compound or library with glycosidase, and glycosidase decomposition products obtained by the same; intermediates for the synthesis of protected sugar chain compounds; reagents and kits; and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the large scale in vivo synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharides, culturing a microorganism in a culture medium, optionally comprising an exogenous precursor such as lactose, wherein said microorganism comprises heterologous genes encoding a CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase, a sialic acid synthase, a GlcNAc-6-phosphate 2 epimerase and a sialyltransferase, and wherein the endogenous genes coding for sialic acid aldolase (NanA) and for ManNac kinase (NanK) have been deleted or inactivated. The invention also relates to these micoorganisms which are capable of producing internally activated sialic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lateral flow format and materials and methods for using the format in a variety of applications. More particularly, the present invention provides single-layer lateral flow formats, materials and methods for detecting the presence of an analyte using a test strip comprising a dry porous medium comprising a single hydrophilic matrix. Devices are also provided as well as methods of making and using the format. The format is particularly useful for diagnosis of physiological and genetic conditions. In addition, the present invention provides methods and materials for concentrating a reagent in a porous medium.

Abstract: The present invention describes an isolated polypeptide which has glucanotransferase activity, selected from the group consisting of: a) a polypeptide which has an amino acid sequence which has at least 40% amino acid sequence identity with amino acids 1 to 555, 1 to 549 or 1 to 567 of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 6 or a fragment thereof; b) a polypeptide which is encoded by a polynucleotide which hybridizes under low stringency conditions with (i) the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4 or 5 which is at least 80% or 90% identical over 60, preferably over 100 nucleotides, more preferably at least 90% identical over 200 nucleotides, or (ii) a nucleic acid sequence complementary to the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4 or 5.

Abstract: A method of producing a low molecular weight organic compound (e.g. a plant or bacteria secondary metabolite) in increased yields involving use of a microorganism cell, which comprises a gene involved in the biosynthesis pathway leading to a low molecular weight organic aglycon compound and a glycosyltransferase gene capable of glycosylating the produced aglycon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides, particularly, sialylated oligosaccharides comprising the carbohydrate moeities of the gangliosides GM3, GD3, and GT3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing enzymatically highly branched-amylose and amylopectin cluster. Alpha-glucanotransferase or branching enzyme hydrolyzes the linkage of the segment between amylopectin clusters in starch, producing amylopectin cluster, and simultaneously branching enzyme attaches the branched side-chain to amylose, producing branched amylose, and subsequently treating the amylopectin cluster or branched amylose with maltogenic amylase for cleaving long side chain into short side chain and for transferring glucose to the side chain, generating highly branched amylopectin cluster, highly branched amylose or branched oligosaccharide from starch effectively.

Abstract: We describe glycosyltransferase polypeptides that modify sesquiterpenoids and including pharmaceutical compositions comprising glycosylated sesquiterpenoids; methods to treat diseases, in particular cancer, bacterial and fungal infections and also flavourings and scents comprising glycosylated sesquiterpenoids.

Abstract: A gene which encodes a murine leukocyte ?(1,3)fucosyltransferase capable of synthesizing the sialyl Lewis x determinant has been cloned.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an ?-isomaltosylglucosaccharide-forming enzyme, process of the same, cyclotetrasaccharide, and saccharide composition comprising the saccharide which are obtainable by using the enzyme; and is solved by establishing an ?-isomaltosylglucosaccharide-forming enzyme which forms a saccharide, having a glucose polymerization degree of at least three and having both the ?-1,6 glucosidic linkage as a linkage at the non-reducing end and the ?-1,4 glucosidic linkage other than the linkage at the non-reducing end, by catalyzing the ?-glucosyl-transfer from a saccharide having a glucose polymerization degree of at least two and having the ?-1,4 glucosidic linkage as a linkage at the non-reducing end without substantially increasing the reducing power; ?-isomaltosyl-transferring method using the enzyme; method for forming ?-isomaltosylglucosaccharide; process for producing a cyclotetrasaccharide having the structure of cyclo{66)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(163)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-

Abstract: The present invention has objects to provide a glucan useful as water-soluble dietary fiber, its preparation and uses. The present invention solves the above objects by providing a branched ?-glucan, which is constructed by glucose molecules and characterized by methylation analysis as follows: (1) Ratio of 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4,5-triacetyl-glucitol to 2,3,4-trimethyl-1,5,6-triacetyl-glucitol is in the range of 1:0.6 to 1:4; (2) Total content of 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4,5-triacetyl-glucitol and 2,3,4-trimethyl-1,5,6-triacetyl-glucitol is 60% or higher in the partially methylated glucitol acetates; (3) Content of 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triacetyl-glucitol is 0.5% or higher but less than 10% in the partially methylated glucitol acetates; and (4) Content of 2,4-dimethyl-1,3,5,6-tetraacetyl-glucitol is 0.5% or higher in the partially methylated glucitol acetates; a novel ?-glucosyltransferase which forms the branched ?-glucan, processes for producing them, and their uses.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel species of ?-1,3-fucosyltransferase expressed by a gene cloned from animal cells, a cDNA coding for the ?-1,3-fucosyltransferase, a method of detecting, or inhibiting the production of, the ?-1,3-fucosyltransferase which involves the use of the cDNA, a recombinant vector containing the DNA as an insert, a cell harboring the recombinant vector, and a method of producing same. The ?-1,3-fucosyltransferase of the invention is useful in the production of carbohydrate chains having useful physiological activity, for example sialyl Lewis x, and modifications thereof.

Abstract: A novel process for producing isomaltose and uses thereof and comprising the steps of contacting saccharides, which have a glucose polymerization degree of at least two and ?-1,4 glucosidic linkage as a linkage at the non-reducing end, with an ?-isomaltosylglucosaccharide-forming enzyme, in the presence or the absence of ?-isomaltosyl-transferring enzyme to form a-isomaltosylglucosaccharides, which have a glucose polymerization degree of at least three, ?-1,6 glucosidic linkage as a linkage at the non-reducing end, and ?-1,4 glucosidic linkage as a linkage other than the non-reducing end, and/or to form cyclo{?6)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?3)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?6)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?3)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?}; contacting the saccharides so formed with isomaltose-releasing enzyme to release isomaltose; and collecting the released isomaltose; and uses thereof.

Abstract: A polymer compound having a monosaccharide or an oligosaccharide residue, or an amino acid or peptide residue bound to a monosaccharide or an oligosaccharide residue bound to a side chain of a water-soluble polymer through a linker containing a selectively cleavable bond, the water-soluble polymer containing 20 to 80 mol % of (meth)acrylic acid residue.

Abstract: A process for producing a starch comprises treating a feed starch that comprises amylopectin with glucanotransferase to produce a chain-extended starch, and treating the chain-extended starch with a debranching enzyme to produce a starch product that comprises amylose fragments. At least about 38% by weight of the amylose fragments have a degree of polymerization (DP) of at least about 35.

Abstract: A process for producing a starch comprises treating a feed starch that comprises amylopectin with glucanotransferase to produce a chain-extended starch, and treating the chain-extended starch with a debranching enzyme to produce a starch product that comprises amylose fragments. At least about 38% by weight of the amylose fragments have a degree of polymerization (DP) of at least about 35.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isomalto-oligosaccharides with elongated chain length. Isomalto-oligosaccharides are directly converted to isomalto-oligosaccharides with elongated chain length in the presence of glucansucrase. Said products can be applied in food, feed, beverages, cosmetics or pharmaceutical products and are particularly useful as slow or non-digestible oligosaccharides, low calorie providers, prebiotics, mineral absorption promoting agents, non-cariogenic agents and/or low glycemic index regulating syrups.

Abstract: Nucleic acid molecules encoding an alternansucrase are provided. Moreover, vectors, host cells and plant cells transformed by the herein-described nucleic acid molecules and plants containing them are provided. Furthermore, methods are described for preparing transgenic plants which synthesize the carbohydrate alternan, because of the insertion of nucleic acid molecules encoding an alternansucrase. Moreover, methods for preparing alternan and products resulting from them are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsifier, a method for preparing said emulsifier, and to its use in various applications, primarily food and cosmetic applications. The invention also relates to the use of said emulsifier for the creation of an elastic, gelled foam. An emulsifier according to the invention is based on a starch which is enzymatically converted, using a specific type of enzyme, and modified in a specific esterification reaction.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an option of non-reducing saccharide by providing a novel non-reducing saccharide composed of glucose as constituents and to provide a novel enzyme forming the non-reducing saccharide, a method and process for producing the same, a DNA encoding the enzyme, a recombinant DNA and transformant comprising the DNA, a composition comprising the non-reducing saccharide, and uses thereof. The present invention solves the above object by providing a novel cyclic saccharide having a structure of cyclo{>6)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1>4)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1>6)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1>4)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1>}, cyclic maltosylmaltose, novel cyclic maltosylmaltose-forming enzyme, a method and process for producing the same, a DNA encoding the enzyme, a recombinant DNA and transformant comprising the DNA, a composition comprising the cyclic maltosylmaltose or a saccharide composition comprising the same, and uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel polypeptide having a ?1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity, an agent for synthesizing a sugar chain comprising the polypeptide, a process for producing a sugar chain or a complex carbohydrate using the agent for synthesizing a sugar chain, DNA encoding the polypeptide, a process for producing the polypeptide, an antibody against the polypeptide, and a diagnosis method and a medicament for treatment for inflammation, cancer or tumor metastasis using the DNA or the antibody. The present invention is useful for synthesis of a useful sugar chain and diagnosis and treatment for inflammatory diseases, cancer or tumor metastasis.

Abstract: A vector of the present invention has DNA encoding a protein or a product having the same effect as the protein, the protein containing an amino acid sequence from amino acid numbers 47 to 802 in SEQ. ID. NO:2. Expression of the DNA gives human chondroitin synthase. By using human chondroitin synthase, it is possible to produce a saccharide chain having a repeating disaccharide unit of chondroitin. The DNA or part thereof may be used as a probe for hybridization for the human chondroitin synthase.

Abstract: ?-1,4-galactosyltransferase (CgtD) polypeptides, nucleic acids that encode the polypeptides, including a polypeptide from Campylobacter jejuni strain LIO87 have been isolated and characterized A method of producing a galactosylated saccharide comprising contacting an acceptor saccharide containing a terminal galactose, a donor substrate comprising a galactose moiety and one of the CgtD polypeptides is described.