Abstract: Provided are methods of detecting the presence or amount of the active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5?-phosphate, in a body fluid sample using tandem mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography.

Abstract: Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are disclosed herein. Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a liver-directed treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are likewise disclosed herein.

Abstract: The structures of very long chain dicarboxylic acids from blood samples may be validated through chemical derivatization of the dicarboxylic functionality with 2-picolylamine before positive ESI mass spectroscopy analysis. Laboratory standards may be used to quantify the concentration of the selected very long chain dicarboxylic acid in a blood sample.

Abstract: A method for determining in a sample, by mass spectrometry, the presence, absence, or amount of one or more analytes is described herein. The run time is less than six minutes. The method includes subjecting the sample to an ionization source under conditions suitable to produce one or more ions detectable by mass spectrometry from each of the one or more analytes, wherein the one or more analytes are derivatized prior to ionization; measuring, in a single injection, by mass spectrometry, the amount of the one or more ions from each of the one or more analytes; and using the measured amount of the one or more ions to determine the amount of each of the one or more analytes in the sample.

Abstract: Disclosed are 13C and 15N derivatization reagents and their use for gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy chemical identification and quantification.

Abstract: Provided is a reliable or accurate optical detection method or such an optical imaging method. Also provided is an application technique using such a method. At least a part of an optical path starting from a light-emitting source or reaching a photodetector includes a plurality of optical paths. At a predetermined position of the optical path, beams of light after passing through the plurality of optical paths are mixed. This mixed light is used for optical detection or optical imaging. An optical-length difference among beams of light passing through the plurality of optical paths may be longer than the coherence length. Means for feed-backing predetermined characteristics of a target to the optical characteristics to be used for optical detection or optical imaging may be included. Such means may be used separately from the above. Such means may be applied to another technique, an application material or an application program.

Abstract: A device and method for monitoring a user's health state by continuously measuring data on triglycerides of the user and a device for managing the user's health state are disclosed. According to an embodiment, a user health state monitoring device includes a measurement unit configured to continuously measure a triglyceride concentration level of the user for a predetermined period; an analysis unit configured to analyze a graph showing the triglyceride concentration level to acquire analytical information; and a monitoring unit configured to monitor the user's health state based on the acquired analytical information.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of acetate quantification and acetate complexes useful in the methods of acetate quantification. Such methods and complexes are useful for any application where acetate quantification is desired, including measuring of concentration of 13C hyperpolarized acetate for imaging agent quality control in MRI and NMR spectroscopy. The disclosed acetate complexes may be prepared from acetate, Fe3+, and sulfosalicylic acid and from acetate, Fe3+, and salicylic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for measuring the concentration of anionic polymers in an industrial water system. Specifically, the concentration of anionic polymer can be measured by combining an indicator dye composition that includes an acridine compound or a salt thereof to a water sample and measuring the absorbance of the mixture. The concentration can be determined by comparing the absorbance of the mixture to absorbance values on a pre-determined calibration curve. The dosage of anionic polymer can be optionally adjusted based on the concentration.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of nutrition and health, particular, the present invention relates to alpha-keto-isovalerate as a biomarker urine of the efficacy of prebiotics for the prevention of diet induced weight gain.

Abstract: The invention relates to the detection of fatty acids. In a particular aspect, the invention relates to methods for detecting very long chain fatty acids and branched chain fatty acids by mass spectrometry.

Abstract: We propose a procedure for the determination of lactic acid or lactate in biological fluids, which is simple and low cost with respect to the known methodologies. This procedure can be used by unskilled personnel and it can be implemented in disposable test strips and portable measure devices. The procedure is based on the photochemical reaction of lactic acid with Fe(III), which is reduced to Fe(II) when irradiated with UV light. The Fe(II), produced proportionally to the amount of lactate in the sample, is determined electrochemically or using its reaction with a colored complexing agent, such as 1,10-phenanthroline, and determined by spectrophotometry. This method is advantageous both for the low cost of the reagents employed, and for their short and long term stability.

Abstract: Compositions of P4HB with high purity have been developed. The compositions are prepared by washing P4HB biomass prior to solvent extraction, and precipitating P4HB from solution. The same solvent is preferably used to wash the P4HB biomass, and as a non-solvent to precipitate the polymer from a P4HB solvent solution. The highly pure P4HB compositions are suitable for preparing implants. The implants may be used for the repair of soft and hard tissues.

Abstract: An analytical device for analysis of chemical or biological samples, a method of using such a device, based on rotation of the device, integrated sample dosing and optical detection, and a system comprising such a device are disclosed. The analytical device comprises a device body having a liquid processing unit. The liquid processing unit comprises a mixing chamber for mixing a sample with a reagent, a sample dosing chamber for delivering a defined volume of the sample to the mixing chamber, and a reagent channel for delivering the reagent to be mixed with the sample, wherein the mixing chamber also serves as a detection chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for predicting a pregnant woman's risk of carrying a fetus with Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) or Trisomy 18. The methods are based on measuring one or more metabolites obtained from a pregnant woman's bodily fluid, such as blood or urine, and found to be predictive of Trisomy 21 or Trisomy 18.

Abstract: An example embodiment is an apparatus for measuring antioxidant presence comprising a solid media, and a reagent carried by the media, the reagent reactive with at least one antioxidant to cause changes in light that is incident upon the reagent while carried by the solid media.

Abstract: Biomarkers relating to pancreatic Beta-cell function, pancreatic Beta-cell glucose sensitivity, insulin resistance, and/or pancreatic Beta-cell-related disorders are provided. Methods based on the same biomarkers are also provided.

Abstract: An analytical test cartridge is provided. The analytical test cartridge can be used for medical analyses of liquid samples removed from a patient, for example blood. The analytical test cartridge is configured to provide for titration experiments. An example of a titration experiment that can be performed with the arrangement, is titration of heparin with protamine. Methods of assembly and use are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and kits for determining the total organic acid content in a coolant sample.

Abstract: To provide an anti-cancer agent sensitivity determination marker, which marker can determine whether or not the patient has a therapeutic response to the anti-cancer agent, and novel cancer therapeutic means employing the marker. The anti-cancer agent sensitivity determination marker, the anti-cancer agent including oxaliplatin or a salt thereof and fluorouracil or a salt thereof, contains one or more substances selected from among an amino-acid-metabolism-related substance, a nucleic-acid-metabolism-related substance, a substance in the pentose phosphate pathway, a substance in the glycolytic pathway, a substance in the TCA cycle, a polyamine-metabolism-related substance, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, 6-phosphogluconic acid, butyric acid, triethanolamine, 1-methylnicotinamide, NADH, NAD+, and a substance involved in the metabolism of any of these substances.

Abstract: A method comprising (a) obtaining one or more biological samples from a subject wherein the subject has undergone an organ transplant; (b) determining the amount and type of one or more volatile organic compounds in the biological sample; and (c) correlating the amount of volatile organic compounds to a degree of transplant rejection. A device comprising a plurality of sensors configured to detect a plurality of volatile organic compounds in a biological sample of a subject having undergone an organ transplant.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the field of diagnostics for hyperthyroidism and toxicological assessments for risk stratification of chemical compounds. Specifically, it relates to a method for diagnosing hyperthyroidism. It also relates to a method for determining whether a compound is capable of inducing such hyperthyroidism in a subject and to a method of identifying a drug for treating hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a device and a kit for diagnosing hyperthyroidism.

Abstract: A method for measuring the thermal stability of succinic acid includes the following steps: 1) preparing a succinic acid crystal powder having less than 1% residual water content; 2) placing 10 g of the crystal powder in an oven at 220° C. for 2 hours; 3) pulverizing and sieving the crystal powder processed in this way, such that the particle size distribution thereof is between 0 and 10%, and preferably between 4 and 6% for particles larger than 500 ?m in size, between 20 and 40%, and preferably between 25 and 35% for particles between 200 and 500 ?m in size, between 50 and 75% and preferably between 55 and 70% for particles smaller than 200 ?m in size; and 4) measuring the colour, in a spectrocolorimeter, of the pulverized and sieved powder and determining the average value of the yellow (index “b”).

Abstract: A method for assessing a corrosion inhibitor in a coolant, comprises providing a test kit comprising a first chamber containing an acid buffer and a solvent immiscible therein and a second chamber containing an indicator, the second chamber being in fluid communication with the first chamber and being configured such that retraction of the second chamber draws fluid into the first chamber and advancement forces fluid into the second chamber; drawing a coolant sample into the first chamber; contacting the coolant sample with the acid buffer and solvent in the first chamber and extracting the corrosion inhibitor into the solvent; allowing the solvent and buffer to separate in the first chamber; forcing a portion of the separated solvent into the second chamber; contacting the separated solvent with the indicator in the second chamber, and obtaining a visual indication of the presence of corrosion inhibitor in the coolant sample.

Abstract: We propose a procedure for the determination of lactic acid or lactate in biological fluids, which is simple and low cost with respect to the known methodologies. This procedure can be used by unskilled personnel and it can be implemented in disposable test strips and portable measure devices. The procedure is based on the photochemical reaction of lactic acid with Fe(III), which is reduced to Fe(II) when irradiated with UV light. The Fe(II), produced proportionally to the amount of lactate in the sample, is determined electrochemically or using its reaction with a colored complexing agent, such as 1,10-phenanthroline, and determined by spectrophotometry. This method is advantageous both for the low cost of the reagents employed, and for their short and long term stability.

Abstract: A serum-based biomarker for diagnosing gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (GDM-PREEC-FGR), based on retinoid profiling, and a method for diagnosing GDM-PREEC-FGR that specifically uses a blood sample to identify and measure the concentrations of retinol (vitamin A alcohol), retinyl esters and retinoic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a test and test apparatus used to determine whether lactic acid is suitable for polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to providing a simple and highly reproducible method for measuring the concentration of acetic acid in blood plasma by using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and more specifically relates to a method for measuring the concentration of acetic acid in blood plasma by using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which comprises extracting acetic acid in blood plasma with methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE).

Abstract: A method of detecting an analyte by: providing a device having a substrate, an alignment layer on the substrate, and a film having 4-pentyl-4?-cyanobiphenyl on the alignment layer; exposing the film to air suspected of containing the analyte; measuring a change in a physical property of the film in response to exposing the film; measuring the kinetics of the change in the physical property; and correlating the kinetics to the concentration of the analyte, identification of the analyte, or both.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and kits for determining the total organic acid content in a coolant sample.

Abstract: A subject of the invention is a kit for the identification, characterization and quantification by a single detection of the carboxylic, thiol and amine functional groups contained in a sample.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound of formula (I): (wherein: R1 is an optionally substituted 2-(1-azathiaxanthone); each —R2 is independently of the formula —CH2—C(?O)—R4, wherein R4 is an amino acid or a salt thereof, attached to the remainder of R2 through the nitrogen atom of the amino group; and R3 is hydrogen or a C1-6 alkyl group); or (wherein: R1 is an optionally substituted 2-(1-azaxanthone); each R2 is independently an optionally substituted glutaric or succinic acid, or a salt or ester thereof; and R3 is hydrogen or a C1-6 alkyl group).

Abstract: Porous sol-gel material essentially consisting of units of one or more first polyalkoxysilanes chosen from the following compounds: (chloromethyl)triethoxysilane; 1,3-dimethyltetramethoxydisiloxane; ethyl trimethoxysilane; triethoxy(ethyl)silane; triethoxymethylsilane; triethoxy(vinyl)silane; trimethoxymethylsilane; trimethoxy(vinyl)silane; tetraethoxysilane or tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and of units of one or more second polyalkoxysilanes chosen from the following compounds: (N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ethylenediamine; 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, in a first polyalkoxysilane/second polyalkoxysilane molar ratio of 1/0.01 to 1/1, optionally comprising a probe molecule, method of preparation and applications in the trapping of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other pollutants or in their detection.

Abstract: Analytical systems and methods are provided for simultaneously dispensing metered volumes of fluids at different rates and mixing the fluids to generate a mixed sample having the fluids in proportion to the different rates at which they were dispensed. In some cases two or more of the fluids are premixed prior to mixing with other fluids. In some cases a use composition and diluent are simultaneously dispensed at different rates and premixed to form a diluted sample. One or more reagents may be mixed with the diluted sample and the sample mixture can be analyzed to determine characteristics of the use composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for profiling phytohormone levels in plant tissue or tissue of other plastid containing organisms, i.e. a method for the simultaneous determination of a multitude of phytohormone levels in plant tissue or tissue of other plastid containing organisms, which method comprises the following steps: i. extraction of particulate tissue material of the plastid containing organism, in particulate tissue material of plants, with a liquid extractant, which is a mixture of at least one water miscible neutral organic solvent having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 heteroatom selected from O and N with water containing from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the extractant, of at least one acid, whereby a first liquid extract is obtained; ii. contacting the liquid extract obtained in step i. with a solid absorbent having a hydrophobically modified surface and removing the solid absorbent to obtain a second liquid extract; iii.

Abstract: A use composition monitor determines the concentration of peracid and/or peroxide in a use composition using a kinetic assay procedure. A sample mixture containing a sample of the use composition, a diluent and at least one reagent is prepared and analyzed using, for example, an optical detector. A reduced-turbulence optical detector can be used to improve collected response data. A reduced-turbulence optical detector can include a cell body disposed about a length of transparent tubing. The cell body positions one or more emitter/receiver pairs about the transparent tubing. Thus, tube junctions are eliminated and sample flow within the tube is substantially turbulence free.

Abstract: The invention relates to the detection of fatty acids. In a particular aspect, the invention relates to methods for detecting very long chain fatty acids and branched chain fatty acids by mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for determining if an animal's metabolism has been shifted to ketogenic status by collecting a first urine sample from the animal when the animal's metabolism is not in a ketogenic status; collecting a second urine sample from the animal when the animal's metabolism is possibly in a ketogenic status; analyzing the first urine sample and the second urine sample for beta-hydroxy butyrate; and determining that the animal's metabolism has been shifted to ketogenic status if the concentration of beta-hydroxy butyrate in the second urine sample exceeds the concentration of beta-hydroxy butyrate in the first urine sample by ten percent (10%) or more.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for diagnosing hepatic cancer by analysing a sample and determining the level of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of glycine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, hippurate and citrate and comparing the levels in the sample with control levels. The analysis of the sample can involve the determination of a profile for the sample. The methods disclosed are useful in distinguishing between a patient having hepatic cancer and a patient having cirrhosis.

Abstract: Methods and devices are disclosed providing techniques for measuring the amount of biodiesel in a fuel sample. The methods may be used in the field without the use of laboratory equipment. The biodiesel in the sample is converted to the corresponding free acid which can be isolated and quantified to provide information regarding the amount of biodiesel in the original sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to the discovery of urinary succinate as a novel biomarker of kidney disease. More specifically, the invention provides for the measurement of succinate in urine samples that has great potential for the easy and early diagnosis of kidney damage and would allow early prediction of kidney disease and therapeutic intervention.

Abstract: It is a subject of the present invention to provide a novel polymer; a filler for measuring a perfluoro compound having an acidic group at terminal which comprises said polymer; a column filled with said filler; and a measuring method for a perfluoro compound having an acidic group at terminal by using said column; as well as a filler for measuring a drug comprising the above-described polymer; a column filled with said filler; and a measuring method for a drug by using said column.

Abstract: A use composition monitor determines the concentration of peracid and/or peroxide in a use composition using a kinetic assay procedure. A sample mixture containing a sample of the use composition, a diluent and at least one reagent is prepared and analyzed using, for example, an optical detector. A reduced-turbulence optical detector can be used to improve collected response data. A reduced-turbulence optical detector can include a cell body disposed about a length of transparent tubing. The cell body positions one or more emitter/receiver pairs about the transparent tubing. Thus, tube junctions are eliminated and sample flow within the tube is substantially turbulence free.

Abstract: Bile acids and related compositions and methods of synthesis and use. More specifically, deoxycholic acid and related compositions, said compositions being free of all moieties of animal origin and free of pyrogenic moieties.

Abstract: A method for determining the amount of a chemical species in a sample, in particular the amount of weak acid dissociable cyanide or total cyanide in a sample, and an apparatus for performing said method. The method comprises the steps of: i) treating the sample to liberate the chemical species into a gaseous stream; ii) directing the gaseous stream to a scrubber; iii) absorbing the chemical species into a scrubber solution; and iv) determining the amount of chemical species absorbed into the scrubber solution, wherein any remaining chemical species not absorbed into the scrubber solution is directed or recirculated to the scrubber in the gaseous stream and step iii) is repeated to increase absorption of the chemical species prior to performing step iv).

Abstract: A method of determining the functional activity of the MRP2 and/or MRP3 efflux pathway of a human or animal subject was disclosed. The method comprises (i) determining the level of a bile acid derivative in the blood of said human or animal subject at a predetermined time interval after introducing an amount of the bile acid derivative into the subject, and (ii) using the determination obtained in step (i) to indicate the functional activity of the MRP2 and/or MRP3 efflux pathway of the subject.

Abstract: A superabsorbent polymer network formed of two monomers and two crosslinkers. The monomers and the crosslinkers are described herein. Further, a method for preparing this superabsorbent polymer network is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method of determining a ratio between two monomeric moieties in a superabsorbent polymer network formed of two monomers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a device and method for accurately extracting individual organic acid and/or Total Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA), ammonium (NH4+) and buffering inorganic carbon compound or hydrogen carbonate (HCO3?) concentrations trends from an active Anaerobic Digestion (AD) process. The substantially real-time individual and/or total VFA, NH4+ and HCO3? information allows the AD operator to effectively operate the system at optimal efficiency and ensure that VFA and NH4+ concentrations do not reach toxic levels that can potentially cause the AD process to fail. The general health of an AD digester and process may be determined by using a ratio of total organic acids to total inorganic carbon as determined by the method.

Abstract: The present application is directed to methods of detecting sleepiness.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for quick and simultaneous determination of 16 inorganic anions and organic acids in tobacco by ion chromatography The retention behavior of inorganic anions and organic acids on the anion exchange column was investigated using potassium hydroxide produced by EGC-II KOH eluent autogenerator as eluent. The optimized gradient elution condition was obtained. The samples were prepared through extraction, filtration and dilution before analysis. The separation was performed on an anion exchange column. The time of the gradient elution program was 50 mins. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration of peak area for all the analytes were linear in the ranges of 105. The method in the present invention has the advantadges of simplicity, rapidity and accuracy, and is able to simultaneously determine 16 inorganic anions and organic acids in tobacco by one single time of injection.