Abstract: A method for the determination of an individual's alcohol consumption, characterized in comprising the steps: i) determining the level of sialic acid in a body fluid sample from the individual; ii) comparing the level found in step (i) with the level for the normal population, an increased level being an indication of an increased alcohol consumption relative to the consumption (per individual) of the normal population.

Abstract: A sensing composition for polycarboxylic acids which operates in competitive solvents. The composition includes a receptor and an indicator, both of which are mixed in a solvent. Addition of a polycarboxylic acid to the composition causes a change in the physical properties of the composition. Measurement of the amount of change in solution allows the concentration of polycarboxylic acid to be determined. The sensor is preferably selective for polycarboxylic acids, is sensitive, and may be used to analyze solutions of polycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method and system for determining the concentration of a surfactant in a transparent hydrocarbon by performing the steps of adding a solid to the hydrocarbon; adding a second masking reagent to the hydrocarbon; mixing to form a dispersion; separating the dispersion from the mixture; and measuring the optical absorption of the dispersion.

Abstract: Chronic or long-term alcohol consumption is detected and diagnosed by determining the levels of an alcohol-specific ethanol glycoconjugate biomarker, identified as ethyl .beta.-glucuronide, in body fluids (e.g. urine) of subjects by calorimetric reaction using qualitative and quantitative assay methods. Ethyl glucuronide has been newly observed and detected as a direct indicator of chronic alcohol consumption, and can be isolated and purified. Economical and reproducible assay methods, such as a chromatographic spot assay, ascending or thin layer chromatography assay, and high pressure liquid chromatography assay provide reliable, objective, and sensitive methods for detecting and monitoring a chronic alcoholic condition. Both the presence of the alcohol-specific ethyl glucuronide and a substantial increase in its levels are diagnostic of chronic alcoholism.

Abstract: A method for the determination of iodide in aqueous solutions, preferably in urine. The process is characterized in that the sample solution is admixed with a chromogen and a peracid solution and the color reaction is evaluated visually or photometrically. In the determination of iodide in urine, the sample is pretreated by means of a purified activated carbon.

Abstract: Resistance of given plant tissue to an inhibitor of acetolactate synthase is identified by(a) combining in an aqueous medium a sample of the plant tissue, the inhibitor of acetolactate synthase, and an inhibitor of keto acid reductoisomerase;(b) allowing time for acetolactate to accumulate;(c) rupturing the cells;(d) acidifying the mixture to convert any accumulated acetolactate to acetoin; and(e) calorimetrically detecting the presence of acetoin in the mixture.

Abstract: In a method for infrared-optical determination of the concentration of at least one chemical analyte in a liquid sample, where the liquid sample is passed through a measuring cell and irradiated with infrared radiation of a single narrow waverange and infrared absorption is measured, the analyte being determined is subject to a chemical reaction before measurement, which should leave the other components of the liquid sample unaffected, and the change in infrared absorption caused by the chemical reaction with the analyte is measured as a unique function of the analyte concentration to be determined.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing premenstrual syndrome in a female human comprising the step of measuring the ratio of esterified L-carnitine to free L-carnitine in a patient's serun or plasma. Women who have an esterified to free L-carnitine ratio of greater than about 0.22 are diagnosed as having premenstrual syndrome.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and noncardiovascular inflammatory diseases that are mediated by VCAM-1 is provided that includes the removal, decrease in the concentration of, or prevention of the formation of oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, or interferes with a complex formed between a polyunsaturated fatty acid or an oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acid and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of VCAM-1. A method is also provided for suppressing the expression of a redox-sensitive gene or activating a gene that is suppressed through a redox-sensitive pathway, that includes administering an effective amount of a substance that prevents the oxidation of the oxidized signal, and typically, the oxidation of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, or interferes with a complex formed between the oxidized signal and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of the redox gene.

Abstract: Dithiocarboxylates, and in particular, dithiocarbamates, block the induced expression of the endothelial cell surface adhesion molecule VCAM-1, and are therefor useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, post-angioplasty restenosis, coronary artery diseases, and angina, as well as noncardiovascular inflammatory diseases that are mediated by VCAM-1.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and noncardiovascular inflammatory diseases that are mediated by VCAM-1 is provided that includes the removal, decrease in the concentration of, or prevention of the formation of oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, or interferes with a complex formed between a polyunsaturated fatty acid or an oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acid and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of VCAM-1. A method is also provided for suppressing the expression of a redox-sensitive gene or activating a gene that is suppressed through a redox-sensitive pathway, that includes administering an effective amount of a substance that prevents the oxidation of the oxidized signal, and typically, the oxidation of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, or interferes with a complex formed between the oxidized signal and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of the redox gene.

Abstract: Acid is added to a target sample such as urine, blood plasma or serum for converting mevalonic acid contained in the sample to lactone mevalonate, and the sample is irradiated with near infrared Raman excitation light, for determining mevalonic acid by measuring generated Raman scattered light. This method employs no mediatory reaction with simple pretreatment, requires no high-priced measuring apparatus, and can determine mevalonic acid in a short time.

Abstract: Dithiocarboxylates, and in particular, dithiocarbamates, block the induced expression of the endothelial cell surface adhesion molecule VCAM-1, and are therefor useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, post-angioplasty restenosis, coronary artery diseases, and angina, as well as noncardiovascular inflammatory diseases that are mediated by VCAM-1.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and noncardiovascular inflammatory diseases that are mediated by VCAM-1 is provided that includes the removal, decrease in the concentration of, or prevention of the formation of oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, or interferes with a complex formed between a polyunsaturated fatty acid or an oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acid and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of VCAM-1. A method is also provided for suppressing the expression of a redox-sensitive gene or activating a gene that is suppressed through a redox-sensitive pathway, that includes administering an effective amount of a substance that prevents the oxidation of the oxidized signal, and typically, the oxidation of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, or interferes with a complex formed between the oxidized signal and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of the redox gene.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and noncardiovascular inflammatory diseases that are mediated by VCAM-1 is provided that includes the removal, decrease in the concentration of, or prevention of the formation of oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, or interferes with a complex formed between a polyunsaturated fatty acid or an oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acid and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of VCAM-1. A method is also provided for suppressing the expression of a redox-sensitive gene or activating a gene that is suppressed through a redox-sensitive pathway, that includes administering an effective amount of a substance that prevents the oxidation of the oxidized signal, and typically, the oxidation of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, or interferes with a complex formed between the oxidized signal and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of the redox gene.

Abstract: There is disclosed a diagnostic assay for determining the presence of a neoplasia or a tumor burden in a mammal comprising (a) measuring the amount of unsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) linolenate and arachidonate in a body fluid, and (b) determining a ratio value comprising the sum of linolenate and the sum of arachidonate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for indicating the presence of organic vapors comprising the steps of determining the color, absorption or emission spectra of a Pt--Pt double-complex salt of platinum or a neutral platinum complex in the absence of organic vapor, exposing said double-complex salt of platinum or a neutral platinum complex to a gaseous environment, determining the color, absorption or emission spectra of said double-complex salt of platinum or a neutral platinum complex after exposure to said gaseous environment, and comparing the color, absorption and/or emission spectra of said double-complex salt of platinum or a neutral platinum complex in the absence of organic vapor with the color, absorption and/or emission spectra of said double-complex salt of platinum or a neutral platinum complex after exposure to said gaseous environment to determine if there is a difference in the color, absorption and/or emission spectra.

Abstract: According to the invention, the content of peracid, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, in a solution 2 in which the molar ratio between the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the concentration of peracid is not higher than 100, is adjusted by means of a process according to which it is drawn by means of a pump 3 into the suction circuits of two pumps 5, 6 which operate at the same flow rate and may draw simultaneously a dilution and/or pH control liquid 9, pump 5 feeding the reference vat 7 of a two-beam photometer and pump 6 feeding its measuring vat 8, and the flow rates of the pumps 3, 5, 6 being adjusted so that the concentration of peracid in the measuring flow 10 is lower than about 100 ppm by weight, an excess of iodide 11 is added to the measuring flow 10 which exits from the pump 6 by means of a pump 13, a measuring unit 14 to which are connected the cells of the photometer compares the intensity of the iodine color formed in the measuring vat 8 to the reference in the reference vat 7 and tran

Abstract: A method for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and noncardiovascular inflammatory diseases that are mediated by VCAM-1 is provided that includes the removal, decrease in the concentration of, or prevention of the formation of oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, or interferes with a complex formed between a polyunsaturated fatty acid or an oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acid and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of VCAM-1. A method is also provided for suppressing the expression of a redox-sensitive gene or activating a gene that is suppressed through a redox-sensitive pathway, that includes administering an effective amount of a substance that prevents the oxidation of the oxidized signal, and typically, the oxidation of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, or interferes with a complex formed between the oxidized signal and a protein or peptide that mediates the expression of the redox gene.

Abstract: Chronic or long-term alcohol consumption is detected and monitored by determining the level of a newly-observed, alcohol-specific carbohydrate in body fluids (e.g. urine) of subjects by calorimetric reaction using qualitative and quantitative assay methods. The alcohol-specific carbohydrate have been identified as a novel ethyl glucuronide. Ethyl glucuronide is observed and detected in direct response to alcohol consumption in body fluids, and can be isolated and purified. Simple, economical, and reproducible assay methods, such as a spot assay and an ascending or thin layer chromatography assay, provide reliable, objective, and sensitive methods for detecting and monitoring a chronic alcoholic condition. Both the presence of the alcohol-specific ethyl glucuronide and a substantial increase in its levels are indicative of chronic alcoholism.

Abstract: A calorimetric method is provided for determining the presence or absence of a corrosion-inhibitory level of carboxylate anion in used aqueous engine coolant.

Abstract: A method for the determination of the concentration of additives in boiler water systems, by which polymeric additives are utilized to monitor and treat boiler water systems.

Abstract: A method for evaluating, monitoring or controlling the efficiency, stability or exhaustion of a complexing or chelating agent present in a chemical solution used for oxidizing, dissolving, etching or stripping a semiconductor wafer wherein:a chemical solution containing hydrogen peroxide as well as a complexing or chelating agent for contaminants present in the solution is used for oxidation, dissolution, etching or stripping a semiconductor wafer surface;a measurement of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition is performed in situ in the solution;the measurement of the H.sub.2 O.sub.2 decomposition is used to provide information concerning the behavior of the complexing or chelating agent.

Abstract: A series of organic test papers are described for the detection and identification of all types of organic compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, esters, acids, amines, isocyanates, anhydrides, amides, nitrides, aromatics, phenols, ethers, and other organic compounds, said test papers comprising an absorbent paper or microporous plastic impregnated with a reagent or reagents capable of reacting with a class of organic compounds. The method of using the test papers for the identification of organic compounds comprises making a presumptive identification of the class of the unknown sample using FTIR spectroscopy, and then placing this presumptively identified sample onto the paper to generate a new substance known as a derivative of the organic compound, which aids in the identification of the unknown organic compound.

Abstract: A universal standard chemical reagent for quantitative visual and spectrometric analysis of compounds having reactive functional groups, including mixtures and homologs of said compounds, said reagent comprising a compound of the general formula Q-B-f, wherein: Q stands for an organic moiety which can be measured quantitatively, visually by color, spectroscopically, or fluorometrically; B represents a non-reactive organic bridging unit linking the moiety Q to a reactive functional group f, said bridging unit being of sufficient length or size to prevent any possible interaction of Q that might alter its spectroscopic properties even upon derivatization; and f is a reactive group which can react with a compound to form covalently bonded derivatives.

Abstract: The molecular weight distribution of carboxymethylcellulose or its salt is determined by gel permeation chromatography using a metal-amine complex and/or a metal-alkali complex as the mobile phase solvent. The column geometry (inside diameter/length) and flow rate for this determination are 1:40-100 and 0.2-0.5 ml/min., respectively. According to this method, the GPC determination of molecular weight distribution can be performed under the same conditions for both starting pulp and CMC.

Abstract: A method for analyzing multiple analyte specimens using an analytical column containing a selective adsorbent media. A carrier fluid flows through the column. The method involves introducing a first analyte specimen into the analytical column at an initial temperature. The analytical column is then heated to an intermediate temperature to cause the first analyte specimen to partially travel into the column. The analytical column is then cooled back to the initial temperature, followed by introduction of a second analyte specimen into the analytical column. The analytical column is then heated to a final temperature greater than the intermediate temperature, during which heating analytes from the first and second analyte specimen concurrently and discretely travels through, and sequentially elutes from, the analytical column. The method results in discrete bands of analyte being loaded at spaced intervals within the column, and can be used to load a multiplicity of samples for concurrent analysis.

Abstract: In a device for determining the concentration of a reagent from a group consisting of gases with acid or alkaline reaction in aqueous environments, and volatile acids and bases in liquid or gaseous samples, a sample chamber is situated in a housing and a unit for pH measurement with a reaction space is separated from the sample chamber by an ion-impermeable, gas-permeable membrane. The feeding of the reaction space with buffer solution is facilitated by connecting the reaction space by means of an ion-permeable channel to a reservoir for a buffer solution located outside of the pH measuring unit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to use of an imidazo [4,5b] pyridinium molecule composed of a lysine and an arginine residue crosslinked with a pentose sugar for assessing the biological age of a tissue.

Abstract: The amount of lipid bound sialic acid in a blood plasma or serum sample may be determined by an improved method, which may be automated, involving the following steps to be performed simultaneously on the sample and a standard consisting of commercially available n-acetyl nueraminic acid (NANA); diluting with a buffer; mixing the diluted sample; adding a mixture of a chlorinated lower aklyl hydrocarbon and a lower alkyl alcohol; treating by mixing and centrifuging to yield a substantially clear upper phase; treating the upper phase with a color development reagent; mixing; boiling the admixture; cooling the admixture; and determining the amount of lipid bound sialic acid present in the sample by comparing the optical density of the sample to the optical density of the NANA.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing cobalamin deficiency in warm-blooded animals is described. In one embodiment, this method comprises the measurement of methylmalonic acid levels in cerebral spinal fluid to determine if such levels exceed normal range. A finding of elevated levels indicates a cobalamin deficiency. In another embodiment, the method comprises the measurement of methylmalonic acid levels in cerebral spinal fluid and serum. A finding that the ratio of methylmalonic acid in cerebral spinal fluid to that in serum is above normal is indicative of a cobalamin deficiency. Additionally, a method for assessing the effectiveness of cobalamin therapy is described. The effectiveness of therapy is assessed by determining whether cerebral spinal fluid levels of methylmalonic acid have returned to normal, or by determining whether the ratio of methylmalonic acid in cerebral spinal fluid to that in serum has returned to normal range.

Abstract: The content of peracid, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide,in a solution 2 in which the molar ratio between the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the concentration of peracid is not higher than 100, is adjusted by means of a process according to which the solution is drawn by a pump 3 into the suction circuits of two pumps 5, 6, which operate at the same flow rate and may draw simultaneously a dilution and /or pH control liquid 9. Pump 5 feeds the reference vat 7 of a two-beam photometer and pump 6 feeds the measuring vat 8, and the flow rates of the pumps 3, 5 and 6 are adjusted so that the concentration of peracid in the measuring flow 10 is lower than about 100 ppm by weight. An excess of iodide 11 is added to the measuring flow 10 which exits from the pump 6 by a pump 13 and measuring unit 14, to which are connected the cells of the photometer.

Abstract: A method of determining acid value with high accuracy, using an infrared spectrometer is provided, in which the absorbance is determined attributable to carboxylic group based on an infrared absorption spectrum at wave numbers around 3300 cm.sup.-1.

Abstract: Affinity matrices useful for the chromatography and immobilization of biological materials and the method of preparing and using the same are disclosed. The affinity supports are based on hydrated polyurethane polymers which have been activated to provide a means for covalently attaching a variety of bioaffinity agents. The hydrated polymer matrices are characterized by their biocompatibility and resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption. Preferably, the prepolymers used to prepare the hydrated polymers are isocyanate-capped oxyethylene-based diols or polyols, at least 75% of said diols and polyols having a molecular weight of 7000 to about 30,000.

Abstract: Concentration of a polyelectrolyte in the water of an aqueous system is controlled by first withdrawing a sample of the water and adding a known or standard amount of a fluorochromatic reagent to the sample. Then light energy is directed into the sample whereby light energy of a selected excitation wavelength for the fluorochromatic dye is available for absorption by the fluorochromatic reagent. The intensity of light emitted about a selected emission wavelength for the fluorochromatic reagent is measured and the intensity of the emitted light is compared to a standard curve, comprising a plot of fluorescence emission intensity of the fluorochromatic reagent in the presence of a polyelectrolyte versus concentration the polyelectrolyte. The concentration of the polyelectrolyte in the sample of water is determined from the comparison.

Abstract: A method for screening and distinguishing between cobalamin deficiency and folic acid deficiency by relating elevated levels of cystathionine to cobalamin or folic acid deficiency and relating elevated levels of 2-methylcitric acid to cobalamin deficiency but not folic acid deficiency. The methods can be used alone or in combination with other methods for detecting and distinguishing between cobalamin deficiency and folic acid deficiency.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for determining whether a compound inhibits acetohydroxyacid synthase. The invention further provides a method for determining whether a plant is resistant to an acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibiting compound.

Abstract: Compounds containing .alpha.-discarbonyl groups are rendered capable of fluorescent emission by conjugation with carboxylic acid-terminated ortho-diaminoaryl reagents. The carboxylic acid groups serve as ionizable moieties which facilitate the conjugation reaction, and are retained in the conjugation product to enable, or enhance the ability of, the conjugated compounds to be separated in chromatographic and electromigration separation processes, notably electrophoresis. Ortho-dinitro derivatives of the reagents are also disclosed, these derivatives offering the advantage of stability as well as the ability to be used directly in the reaction in the presence of a reducing agent.

Abstract: The amount of lipid bound sialic acid in a blood plasma or serum sample may be determined by an improved method which may be automated involving the following steps to be performed simultaneously on the sample and a known standard prepared from human or animal blood or tissue; diluting with distilled water; mixing; adding a mixture of a chlorinated lower aklyl alcohol; mixing, diluting with water and then treating by mixing further and centrifuging to yield a substantially clear upper phase; recovering the upper phase and adding to it a protein precipitating agent, mixing the resulting admixture; recovering the resulting precipitate, suspending the precipitate in a hydrolysis agent and determining the amount of lipid bound sialic acid present by comparing the optical density of the sample to the optical density of the standard.

Abstract: A method of determining the concentration of a quinolone in an aqueous solution comprising reacting the quinolone with an iron salt under conditions and for a time period sufficient to form a color change in the aqueous solution and comparing the resulting color change to an appropriate standard, and optionally comprising the further step of adjusting the pH of the aqueous quinolone solution to a value of less than about 7.0 prior to reacting the aqueous solution with an iron salt, as well as a test kit useful for carrying out such a method.

Abstract: A chemical analysis method for the determination of a first organic acid in the presence of a second organic acid both of which are in a solution to be analyzed, the pK.sub.a of the first acid being at least 2 pK.sub.a units larger than the pK.sub.a of the second acid. The method includes three steps. The first step if to form a pH adjusted solution to be analyzed by adjusting the pH of the solution to be analyzed to be between the pK.sub.a of the first acid and the pK.sub.a of the second acid so that the first acid is predominately in its unionized form and so that the second acid is predominately in its ionized form.

Abstract: (a) An alkanolamine solution containing anions, a conductance probe connected through a meter to a recorder and a stirrer are provided in a container, (b) the solution is stirred at a constant rate and metering and recording of the conductance of the alkanolamine solution are initiated, (c) an anion exchange resin in the OH.sup.- form is then introduced to the container in an amount in excess of that required to exchange all anions from the amine solution, (d) the conductance of the alkanolamine solution is monitored until steady state is reached, and (e) the total anion content and the sodium content (if present) are determined from the conductance trace.The process and apparatus may be used to display conductance changes with time and rate of conductance changes with time in order to determine which anions are present in the alkanolamine solution, whether or not sodium is present and the magnitude of conductance values at various time intervals.

Abstract: The free fatty acid content of an edible oil is measured by a system including a supply of a carrier solution containing an organic solvent for dissolving the oil and a color indicating reagent and an oil sample supply connected to a flow-through colorimetric detector via a sample injection valve. The sample injection valve is movable between a load position wherein a sample stream of the oil is routed to a sample waste collector via a sample loop and a stream of the carrier solution passes through the detector via a carrier solution conduit and a measure position wherein a slug of the oil in the sample loop is introduced into the carrier solution conduit and mixed with the carrier solution prior to passing through the detector. The free fatty acid in the oil reacts with the color indicating reagent in the carrier solution to produce a color of an intensity indicative of the free fatty acid content which is measured by the detector.

Abstract: In a method for determining the dry matter content and nutritional value of moist vegetable material, such as silage, liquor is expressed from a sample of known quantity by applying thereto a reproducible pressure regime, the quantity of expressed liquor is measured, and the expressed liquor is analyzed for parameters, such as pH, ammonia, lactic acid, free sugar and alpha-amino nitrogen, from which the nutritional value can be estimated by regression. The nutritional value of silage can be expressed in terms of its fermentability in the rumen. The invention includes a portable facility for use in `on farm` analysis of silage to determine its nutritional value.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the elimination of ascorbic acid interference in assay systems, particularly assay systems based upon oxidase-peroxidase coupled reactions. When ascorbic acid is present in a sample, it can act as a reductant thereby interfering with an assay's reagent system. The present invention eliminates this inteference by quickly oxidizing any ascorbate thereby preventing ascorbate from acting as an unwanted reductant. The ascorbate is oxidized using a dual oxidant system comprising a water soluble polymer bound to Cu.sup.+2 and an organic or inorganic oxidant such as chromate, peroxide, or a N-halo derivative. This invention is surprisingly selective and generally will not itself interfere with the assay's reagent system. Furthermore, the present invention is so fast and efficient that it can be incorporated into a convenient format, such as a conventional "dip-and-read" reagent test strip system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing for the presence and concentration of contaminants in a refrigerant. A sample of the refrigerant is withdrawn from a closed refrigeration, air conditioning or similar system and passed through a testing tube. Various sections of the tube contain provisions for the removal of oil entrained in the sample, for the removal of water contamination from the sample and for providing visual indications of the presence and concentration of a plurality of contaminants that may be present in the refrigerant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for extracting lipid bound sialic acid from a sample of blood plasma or serum and determining the amount of sialic acid present in the sample which comprises:(a) adding to the sample a mixture of a lower alkyl alcohol and a chlorinated lower alkyl hydrocarbon so as to form a resulting admixture, the volume ratio of the lower alkyl alcohol to the chlorinated lower alkyl hydrocarbon being in the range from about 70:30 to about 85:15;(b) mixing the resulting admixture for a period of time sufficient to dissolve lipid bound sialic acid present in the sample;(c) treating the admixture so as to form a recoverable, substantially clear lipid bound sialic acid-containing upper phase;(d) separately recovering from the clear upper phase so formed a predetermined volume of the upper phase; and(e) determining the amount of lipid bound sialic acid present in the predetermined volume of the upper phase and thereby the amount of sialic acid present in the sample.

Abstract: A process for forming derivatives of organic compounds as a step during their analysis. A macroreticular resin is used as both an adsorbent for the analyte and the derivatizing reagent and also as a catalyst for the derivatization reaction. Subsequent serial elution of the absorbed compounds leads to simple separation of the derivatized analyte from the starting materials. Further, the resin impregnated with derivatizing reagent can be used to combine the extraction and derivatization of the analyte. As macroreticular resins are relatively inexpensive, they result in reduced costs compared with conventional catalysts, and their ease of separation from liquid systems makes them easy to use and makes it possible to automate the procedure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a general assay methodology suitable for the detection of organic analytes which are neither aldehydes nor ketones and for inorganic substances. The methodology utilizes prepared sensitized films of derivatizing agents and specific developer solutions for the selective and controlled formation of light scattering crystals whose presence serves as a qualitative and/or quantitative measure of the individual analyte of interest in the sample.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for determining whether a compound inhibits acetohydroxyacid synthase. The invention further provides a method for determining whether a plant is resistant to an acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibiting compound.