Abstract: The present invention relates to a testing system for assessing hypoxia induced cellular damage in a mammal including human, comprising a disposable device having a sample inlet and a collection chamber separated by a separation device wherein the collection chamber is connected to at least two, a first and a second, visible detection compartments, whereof at least one is arranged with chemical means for direct visual detection, said first detection compartment being arranged to determine whether level of hemoglobin (Hb) in a sample of body fluid taken from said mammal exceeds a predetermined threshold value, and said second detection compartment being arranged to evaluate level of total amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in said sample.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of detecting anions in solution. In particular, the methods can be used to detect trace anions in solution. For example, the anions can be present in an amount of between about 500 femtomoles to about 10 millimoles.

Abstract: A monitoring test for recurrent breast cancer with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity is provided that detects the presence of a panel of multiplicity of biomarkers that were identified using metabolite profiling methods. The test is capable of detecting breast cancer recurrence about a years earlier than current available monitoring diagnostic tests. The panel of biomarkers is identified using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and two dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) to produce the metabolite profiles of serum samples. The NMR and GC×GC-MS data are analyzed by multivariate statistical methods to compare identified metabolite signals between samples from patients with recurrence of breast cancer and those from patients having no evidence of disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to the detection of fatty acids. In a particular aspect, the invention relates to methods for detecting very long chain fatty acids and branched chain fatty acids by mass spectrometry.

Abstract: This invention relates, inter alia, to detecting and/or measuring succinylacetone and one or more additional biological analytes using mass spectrometry.

Abstract: A subject of the invention is a kit for the identification, characterization and quantification by a single detection of the carboxylic, thiol and amine functional groups contained in a sample.

Abstract: A method of preparing a dry stick test device for determining an analyte in a milk sample by chemical assay. At least one reagent pad is provided by impregnating a first porous material with an aqueous solution including a reagent capable of reacting with the analyte, a derivative of the analyte or an indicator compound for the analyte to provide a detectable signal when in a moistened state. The reagent pad is dried. A development pad is provided by impregnating a second porous material with an aqueous solution including at least one controlling compound which, when in a moistened state, is capable of providing a condition required for the reagent to react with the analyte to provide the detectable signal. The impregnated second porous material is dried. The first porous material is immobilized with the second porous material, on a solid support, to obtain the dry stick test device.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and kits for determining the total organic acid content in a coolant sample.

Abstract: In one aspect a method of determining the functional activity of the MRP2 and/or MRP3 efflux pathway of a human or animal subject, comprises: (i) determining the level of a bile acid derivative in the blood of said human or animal subject at a predetermined time interval after introducing an amount of the bile acid derivative into the subject; and (ii) using the determination obtained in step (i) to indicate the functional activity of the MRP2 and/or MRP3 efflux pathway of the subject.

Abstract: A method for detecting a taggant molecular structure in a fluid includes providing a molecularly imprinted polymer sensor device, contacting a molecularly imprinted crosslinked star polymer with the fluid, and correlating a color change in the fluid with the amount of the taggant molecular structure in the fluid. The device has polymer arms attached to a core, and the core has molecular sized cavities adapted to selectively receive and bind displacement molecules having the taggant molecular structure and a colorimetric indicator. The displacement molecule is selectively removed from the molecularly imprinted crosslinked polymer upon exposure to the taggant molecular structure in the fluid thereby indicating the presence of the taggant molecular structure in the fluid based on a loss of color along a length of a housing.

Abstract: An example embodiment is an apparatus for measuring antioxidant presence comprising a solid media, and a reagent carried by the media, the reagent reactive with at least one antioxidant to cause changes in light that is incident upon the reagent while carried by the solid media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of endogenous reference metabolites and a method for normalization of intensity data corresponding to amounts and/or concentrations of selected target metabolites in a biological sample of a mammalian subject, wherein said intensity data are obtained by a metabolomics analysis method with one or a plurality of endogenous reference metabolites, comprising carrying out at least one in vitro metabolomics analysis method of said selected target metabolites in said biological sample, simultaneously carrying out in the same sample a quantitative analysis of one or a plurality of endogenous reference metabolites or derivatives thereof, wherein said endogenous reference metabolites are such compounds in the biological sample which are present in the subject at an essentially constant level; and wherein said endogenous reference metabolites or derivatives thereof have a molecular mass less than 1500 Da.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to compounds and polymers which incorporate a boronic acid sensor group (SG) of the formula (I): wherein: J is independently —CH2— or —CH2CH2—; n is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; and each RR, if present, is independently a ring substituent; and wherein the ring attachment (i.e., where sensor group is attached) is via the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-ring position. Such compounds and polymers are useful in the selective chemical detection and/or quantitation of alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acids, such as lactic acid/lactate and malic acid/malate. The present invention also pertains to methods of preparing such compounds and polymers; methods and assays which employ these compounds and polymers; devices (e.g., holographic sensors) and kits for use in such methods and assays, etc.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes compounds of Formula I: wherein R1-R3, Ar, and n are as defined herein, and methods for the quantification of carboxylic acids in samples, specifically biological samples, using the compounds of Formula I. The compounds of Formula I are novel stable isotopic reagents that are useful in differential isotopic labeling methods.

Abstract: A use composition monitor determines the concentration of peracid and/or peroxide in a use composition using a kinetic assay procedure. A sample mixture containing a sample of the use composition, a diluent and at least one reagent is prepared and analyzed using, for example, an optical detector. A reduced-turbulence optical detector can be used to improve collected response data. A reduced-turbulence optical detector can include a cell body disposed about a length of transparent tubing. The cell body positions one or more emitter/receiver pairs about the transparent tubing. Thus, tube junctions are eliminated and sample flow within the tube is substantially turbulence free.

Abstract: Methods and kits for diagnosis and staging of shock, and especially non-septic shock are presented in which protease activities and/or volatile compounds are measured from a biological sample to so identify and/or stage shock.

Abstract: A use composition monitor determines the concentration of peracid and/or peroxide in a use composition using a kinetic assay procedure. A sample mixture containing a sample of the use composition, a diluent and at least one reagent is prepared and analyzed using, for example, an optical detector. A reduced-turbulence optical detector can be used to improve collected response data. A reduced-turbulence optical detector can include a cell body disposed about a length of transparent tubing. The cell body positions one or more emitter/receiver pairs about the transparent tubing. Thus, tube junctions are eliminated and sample flow within the tube is substantially turbulence free.

Abstract: A diagnostic method using biomarkers to predict future adverse coronary events is provided. More particularly, the present invention is directed to diagnostic tests for characterizing an individual's risk of developing or having cardiovascular disease. In certain embodiments, the method of the present invention quantitates the presence of elevated levels of chlorinated lipids derived from myeloperoxidase as a prognostic indicator of future adverse coronary events.

Abstract: A use composition monitor determines the concentration of peracid and/or peroxide in a use composition using a kinetic assay procedure. A sample mixture containing a sample of the use composition, a diluent and at least one reagent is prepared and analyzed using, for example, an optical detector. Response data obtained by the detector is indicative of the optical absorbance of the sample mixture as a function of time. A processor analyzes the response data to determine a corresponding best fit linear relationship. The initial absorbance of the sample mixture is indicative of the concentration of peracid in the use composition, while the slope of the best fit equation is indicative of the concentration of peroxide in the use composition.

Abstract: Methods of assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease in a subject by detecting the level of at least one metabolite in a sample from the subject are disclosed herein. The level of the metabolite is indicative of the risk of cardiovascular disease in the subject. The metabolites may be acylcarnitines, amino acids, ketones, free fatty acids or hydroxybutyrate. The cardiovascular disease may be risk of a cardiovascular event, presence of coronary artery disease or risk of development of coronary artery disease.

Abstract: A method for assessing a corrosion inhibitor in a coolant, comprises providing a test kit comprising a first chamber containing an acid buffer and a solvent immiscible therein and a second chamber containing an indicator, the second chamber being in fluid communication with the first chamber and being configured such that retraction of the second chamber draws fluid into the first chamber and advancement forces fluid into the second chamber; drawing a coolant sample into the first chamber; contacting the coolant sample with the acid buffer and solvent in the first chamber and extracting the corrosion inhibitor into the solvent; allowing the solvent and buffer to separate in the first chamber; forcing a portion of the separated solvent into the second chamber; contacting the separated solvent with the indicator in the second chamber, and obtaining a visual indication of the presence of corrosion inhibitor in the coolant sample.

Abstract: Organic systems having a light-absorbing unit and a unit causing separation of charges are described. Said organic systems efficiently separate charges induced by light and have high lightfastness.

Abstract: A method for quantifying the presence of naphthenic acids in a hydrocarbon-comprising liquid that includes: contacting a hydrocarbon-comprising liquid with gaseous ammonia; isolating a reaction product produced by the contacting step; and analyzing the reaction product for the presence of naphthenates using a mass spectrometry technique. The naphthenic acids known to form commercial naphthenate deposits can be (i) ions of tetraprotic carboxylic acids having molecular weights ranging from 1225 to 1270 Daltons, (ii) n-alkyl or branched carboxylic acids having molecular weights ranging from 250 to 650 Daltons, or (iii) both.

Abstract: The invention relates to the detection of methylmalonic acid (MMA). In a particular aspect, the invention relates to methods for detecting derivatized methylmalonic acid (MMA) by mass spectrometry.

Abstract: A use composition monitor determines the concentration of peracid and/or peroxide in a use composition using a kinetic assay procedure. A sample mixture containing a sample of the use composition, a diluent and at least one reagent is prepared and analyzed using, for example, an optical detector. Response data obtained by the detector is used to determine the concentrations of peracid and/or peroxide in the use composition based upon an evaluation function determined by a calibration method. The calibration method includes determining coefficients of the evaluation function based upon known concentrations, and measured response data of calibration samples.

Abstract: Articles and methods for the detection and/or quantification of organic analytes are described. The invention provides a chemical indicator test strip, comprising: a substrate; and a coating comprising a leuco dye complex on the substrate, the coating being insoluble in water and reactive with an organic analyte, the coating derived from a solution of leuco dye and developing agent. In another aspect, the coating further comprises adjuvant, in the form of a water-insoluble, polar, hydrophobic, aprotic material that extends the lower limit of detection for the analyte. In still another aspect, the present invention provides a method of using a chemical indicator test strip, comprising: (a) exposing the chemical indicator test strip to a sample comprising an organic analyte; (b) measuring a color change on the chemical indicator test strip following the exposing step; and (c) correlating the color change with the concentration of the analyte in the sample.

Abstract: A use composition monitor determines the concentration of peracid and/or peroxide in a use composition using a kinetic assay procedure. A sample mixture containing a sample of the use composition, a diluent and at least one reagent is prepared and analyzed using, for example, an optical detector. A temperature stabilized optical cell is disclosed which enhance consistency of response data obtained from the optical detector, especially when the use composition monitor is utilized on site.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the determination of the presence of methylmalonic acid in biologic samples including the steps of methylmalonic extraction from the sample; derivatization of methylmalonic acid and use of mass spectrometry with negative mode atmospheric pressure chemical ionization to determine the presence of methymalonic acid throughthe formation of an ion of mass to charge ratio (m/z) 477. An additional objective of the present invention concerns diagnosis kits for determination of presence and quantification of methylmalonic acid based on the method mentioned before.

Abstract: Disclosed are magnetic nanosensors or transducers that permit measurement of a physical parameter in an analyte via magnetic reasonance measurements, in particular of non-agglomerative assays. More particularly, in certain embodiments, the invention relates to designs of nanoparticle reagents and responsive polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles. Additionally provided are methods of use of nanoparticle reagents and responsive polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of a stimulus or an analyte with NMR detectors.

Abstract: A lab on a valve analytical system includes a rotary sample preparation assembly having a stator and a rotor. The rotor includes a plurality of integral syringe pumps which can be aligned with passages formed within the stator. The stator passages can be connected with fluid inlet connector which connect the sample preparation assembly with fluid sources, and fluid outlet connectors which connect the sample preparation assembly with one or more wet chemical analytical devices. Some embodiments can include a mixer and optical sensor connected with the fluid outlets. One or more drive motors can be used to control simultaneous actuation of one or more of the syringe pumps, thereby providing for simultaneous delivery of metered volumes of fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining whether or not a mammal is affected with a lung cancer. The method for determining whether or not a mammal is affected with a lung cancer of the present invention includes the steps of: (a) measuring a concentration of 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid contained in the urine excreted from the mammal; and (b) determining that the mammal is affected with a lung cancer if the concentration measured in the step (a) is 13.2 ?M or more.

Abstract: This invention relates, inter alia, to detecting and/or measuring succinylacetone and one or more additional biological analytes using mass spectrometry.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions for quantitatively measuring the amount of an unlabeled organic acid in a sample. Oxygen-18 labeled organic acids are used as internal standards to adjust for the loss of a structurally similar or identical unlabeled organic acid through processing required for its detection, such as by mass spectrometry. The methods of the invention are useful for diagnosing inborn errors of metabolism in an individual by quantitating signature organic acids in body fluids such as urine or plasma.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of screening for an autism spectrum disorder, compositions that inhibit the release of molecules that disrupt the blood-brain barrier, compositions for treating autism spectrum disorders, and methods of treating autism spectrum disorders.

Abstract: A method of assessing body odor using as an index an indicator material comprising an alcohol compound having a mercapto group at the 3-position represented by the following formula (2) and/or a substance that is a derivative of an alcohol compound having a mercapto group at the 3-position, wherein an atom(s) or an atom group(s) is introduced to a mercapto group and/or a hydroxyl group of an alcohol compound having a mercapto group at the 3-position represented by the formula (2):

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of decreasing a level of kynurenic acid in a cell and of treating a pathophysiological condition in a subject associated with an increase in kynurenic acid in a subject. In these methods the inhibitory action of dicarboxylic acids or derivatives or analogs thereof are effective to inhibit activity of kynurenine aminotransferase II. Also provided is a method of screening for potential inhibitory compounds for kynurenine aminotransferase II. The dicarboxylic acids or derivatives or analogs thereof may have the structural formula, where R1 is H, NH2 or NHCH3, R2 is H or CH3, n is 0 to 14, and X is —COOH, CH2OH, —PO3H2, —SO3H, or —SO3H; or a pharmacologically acceptable salt.

Abstract: Synergistic nutritional supplements of multiple antioxidant compounds with ratios derived from the ratios in naturally occurring foodstuffs.

Abstract: Molecular bioprofiles comprising biologically correlated and relevant analytes that impact the biological state of a human health condition compared to a control population are provided. These molecular bioprofiles are useful in several ways including but not limited to, monitoring a disease or condition's progression, evaluating the impact of an agent or compound on a disease or condition, evaluating the impact of a lifestyle change on a disease or condition and assessing the risk of the disease or condition to a subject. Type II diabetes molecular bioprofiles are of particular interest.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analysis of the location, presence, and/or quantity of a particular molecule or material. In some embodiments, the invention relates to compositions and methods for determination of an analyte, wherein a compositions may produce an MRI signal that can be affected by the presence of a particular composition (e.g., analyte). In a particular embodiment, the composition comprises a protein. The invention also provides related nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, and fragments thereof. Compositions of the invention may exhibit reduced toxicity and may be readily delivered in vivo. Various embodiments of the invention may be useful as sensors, diagnostic tools, and the like.

Abstract: Devices, methods and systems effective to evaluate a physical or chemical property of an ion exchange resin-treated biological fluid sample are provided.

Abstract: Devices, methods and systems effective to evaluate a physical or chemical property of a surfactant-treated biological fluid sample are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of detecting prostate cancer employing biomarkers, including hZIP1, zinc and citrate. Also provided are antibodies to detect hZIP1 protein or peptides and an expression vector comprising a genetic sequence effective to increase uptake of zinc into a prostate cell upon expression thereof. Furthermore, methods of treating prostate cancer and of increasing uptake of zinc into a prostate cell are provided.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of detecting and/or quantifying analytes, such as short-chain fatty acids. Analysis for the presence and/or quantity of the small molecule can be performed on a biological sample from a subject. In some embodiments, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instrumentation is combined with a solid-phase extraction (SPE). Methods of derivatization can also be incorporated with LC-MS/MS and SPE instrumentation to detect and quantify target analytes. In addition to derivation, methods of reconstituting derivatized molecules can also be incorporated with LC-MS/MS and SPE instrumentation to detect and quantify target analytes.

Abstract: The invention provides a method capable of readily discriminating pathologic conditions and judging selection of a therapeutic drug, the degree of the therapeutic effect, discontinuation of medication, etc., wherein stages quantitatively judged by digitizing substances contained in urine, which is different from conventional methods for judging stages of an ulcerative colitis and an interstitial pneumonitis which are performed by observation of mucous lesions with endoscopy requiring the skill or by analysis of histological samples collected from the living body. The method measures the value of main metabolites of prostaglandin E (PGE-MUM) concentration in urine and judges stages between the pre-remission phase of and the remission phase of ulcerative colitis. The method also measures the value of the PGE-MUM concentration in urine and judges stages between the active phase and the non-active phase of interstitial pneumonitis.

Abstract: Methods for treating breathing disorders by inhibition of the induced PGE2 pathway in a mammalian subject, methods for assessing apnea, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy or perinatal asphyxia by detecting an elevated level of PGE2, or a metabolite thereof, in a sample from the subject compared with a control level, and in vitro and in vivo screening methods for medicaments for treating breathing disorders are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for determining fruiting body and mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea and Antrodia salmonea. By using ten known components in Antrodia cinnamomea including five ergostanes (antcins C and K, zhankuic acids A, B and C), four lanostanes (sulphurenic acid, dehydrosulphurenic acid, eburicoic acid, dehydroeburicoic acid), and one monophenyl (4,7-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole) as standards, differentiation of mycelia and basidiomes of Antrodia cinnamomea was carried out in the invention. The natural basidiomes collected from wood of Cinnamomum kanehirai at natural forests and the cultural basidiomes grown on potato dextrose agar medium contained all ten tested components. However, the natural mycelia collected from wood of C. kanehirai at a natural forest and the liquid/solid cultural mycelia grown on potato dextrose broth/potato dextrose agar media contained the four lanostanes and 4,7-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole, but not the five ergostanes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the determination of the presence of methylmalonic acid in biologic samples including the steps of methylmalonic extraction from the sample; derivatization of methylmalonic acid and use of mass spectrometry with negative mode atmospheric pressure chemical ionization to determine the presence of methymalonic acid through the formation of an ion of mass to charge ratio (m/z) 477. An additional objective of the present invention concerns diagnosis kits for determination of presence and quantification of methylmalonic acid based on the method mentioned before.

Abstract: The present invention relates to diagnostic tests, methods and kits that are useful to assess a subject's risk of developing a pathologic condition related in part to the presence of HDL oxidation product. Measuring the quantity of one or more HDL oxidation products present in the blood is useful in evaluating risk for developing or evaluating the severity of a disease or evaluating response to treatment for such a disease as, for instance, cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: Methods for identifying and evaluating suites of biochemical and/or gene entities useful as biomarkers for early prediction of prostate cancer, disease grading, target identification/validation, and monitoring of drug efficacy are provided. Also provided are suites of small molecule entities as biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Abstract: A stabilised thylakoid membrane formulation comprising thylakoid membranes in a buffered solution and liposomes, wherein the formulation has a ratio of chlorophyll/liposomes of at least about 10:1. The invention further comprises a method for detecting or quantifying the presence of toxic molecules in a fluid sample, comprising obtaining a stabilised thylakoids membranes formulation; and assessing the photosynthetic efficiency of the thylakoid membranes formulation in the presence of said sample, whereby the molecules are detected when the photosynthetic efficiency is measurably different in the presence versus in the absence of the sample. The present invention also comprises kits using the stabilised thylakoid membranes formulation for detecting and/or quantifying the toxic molecule in a fluid sample.