Abstract: A vapochromic gold-copper complex [AuL2(Cu(Y)n)2](X)3 exhibiting luminescence is provided, where L is an N-heterocyclic carbene; Y is a heteroatom-containing ligand; X is an anion, and n is an integer having a value of 1 or 2, and solvates thereof. A reaction of [AuL2(Cu(Y)n)2](X)3 with water vapor or an organic compound vapor, for example, affords a modified complex that yields a change in luminescence color under UV excitation. These tricationic vapochromic materials exhibit large changes in the emission through ligand substitution reactions between the solid complex and vapors, which permit use in luminescent vapochromic sensors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the amount of conjugated taxane, in particular paclitaxel, in a PGA-taxane conjugate said method comprising: a) reacting the PGA-taxane conjugate with a compound formula (I): R1R2N—NH2 (I), wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in the description; to give a unbound taxane and a PGA hydrazide and b) determining the amount of unbound taxane.

Abstract: A multi-dimensional chromatographic method for the separation of N-glycans. The method comprises providing a glycan preparation that includes at least one negatively charged N-glycan. The glycan preparation is then separated by anion-exchange chromatography and at least one secondary chromatographic technique.

Abstract: Sample processing units useful for mixing and purifying materials, such as fluidic materials are provided. A sample processing unit typically includes a container configured to contain a sample comprising magnetically responsive particles, and one or more magnets that are in substantially fixed positions relative to the container. A sample processing unit also generally includes a conveyance mechanism configured to convey the container to and from a position that is within magnetic communication with the magnet, e.g., such that magnetically responsive particles with captured analytes can be retained within the container when other materials are added to and/or removed from the container. Further, a sample processing unit also typically includes a rotational mechanism that is configured to rotate the container, e.g., to effect mixing of sample materials disposed within the container. Related carrier mechanisms, sample processing stations, systems, and methods are also provided.

Abstract: Methods of performing confocal laser microscopy on a polymer array disposed on a silicon wafer substrate, the method comprising the steps of providing a silicon wafer substrate having a top side and a bottom side, coating the top side of the silicon wafer with an oxide coating to provide an oxide coated wafer, covalently coupling a plurality of probes to the top side of the coated wafer to provide a fixed polymer array, hybridizing the fixed polymer array with a plurality of labeled ligands, and assaying for one or more hybridized ligands using confocal laser fluorescence microscopy to detect hybridization are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a class of luminescent and conductive polymer compositions having chromophores, and particularly solid films of these compositions exhibiting increased luminescent lifetimes, quantum yields and amplified emissions. These desirable properties can be provided through polymers having rigid groups designed to prevent polymer reorganization, aggregation or ?-stacking upon solidification. These polymers can also display an unusually high stability with respect to solvent and heat exposures. The invention also relates to a sensor and a method for sensing an analyte through the luminescent and conductive properties of these polymers. Analytes can be sensed by activation of a chromophore at a polymer surface. Analytes include aromatics such as heterocycles, phosphate ester groups and in particular explosives and chemical warfare agents in a gaseous state.

Abstract: System for detection and/or analysis of nucleic acids using nanowires to detect covalent modification of nucleic acids.

Abstract: Molecular sensing of target molecules is performed by using an electrode for molecular sensing in which detecting molecules which can shift a surface potential of the electrode by an interaction with the target molecules are bound directly or via coupling molecules to surface hydroxyl groups on a conductive metal oxide. By this molecular sensing, specific target molecules can be detected selectively and stably with high accuracy. It is also possible to detect an enantiomer selectively and stably with high accuracy. The present invention can provide a chemical sensing system which is useful in fields such as medicines, environments and foods.

Abstract: Compounds having enhanced oxidation stability are disclosed. The compounds have an aryl boronic acid residue having one or more electron withdrawing groups on the aromatic moiety which contains the boronic acid residue, such that the molecule has enhanced oxidation resistance as compared to a corresponding molecule without the one or more electron withdrawing groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the detection of myelin and a quantitative measurement of its local concentration in a sample using a benzofuran compound or its radioisotope derivatives. In one embodiment a method of myelin detection comprises identifying a subject at risk of or diagnosed with a myelin-associated neuropathy, parenterally administering to the subject the benzofuran compound, or a derivative of the compound, and determining myelination in the subject by detecting binding in the sample. In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of imaging myelinated tissue in a surgical field of mammalian tissue comprising the steps of contacting the surgical site with the benzofuran compound or a radioisotope derivative of the compound, and detecting binding in the surgical site.

Abstract: Asymmetric cyanine fluorescent dyes are represented by general formula I. These kinds of dyes may be used as a staining agent for nucleic acids, with the spectra at 600-900 nm in the near-infrared region and without interference from background fluorescence. These kinds of dyes may be useful with small-type red semiconductor lasers as the light source (such as 633 nm). Compositions comprising these dyes and methods for staining biological samples using these dyes or compositions are also provided.

Abstract: The discovery that alterations in methylation, which can cause one or more genes on the single X chromosome in males to be partially silenced or overexpressed, constitute a predisposition to autism spectrum disorders is generally disclosed herein. These alterations provide the rationale and basis for methods to diagnose autism spectrum disorders.

Abstract: A method of determining authenticity of an ingestible product purportedly from a batch of saccharide-marked ingestible product is provided. The ingestible product is a food, beverage, or pharmaceutical, for example. The method includes identifying a sample of the ingestible product to be tested; and testing the sample for a marked presence of the saccharide using a saccharide-specific binding protein. The ingestible product is not authentic when the testing demonstrates an unexpected change in the marked presence of the saccharide, and the ingestible product is authentic when the testing demonstrates no unexpected change in the marked presence of the saccharide.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for analyzing polymer molecules. These methods are employed for the high throughput readout of DNA and RNA molecules with single molecule sensitivity. The method of the present invention comprises (1) the electrically controlled unzipping of DNA (or RNA) double strands, and (2) the readout of the molecule's identity (or code) using one or more molecule signal detection.

Abstract: Methods of performing confocal laser microscopy on a polymer array disposed on a silicon wafer substrate, the method comprising the steps of providing a silicon wafer substrate having a top side and a bottom side, coating the top side of the silicon wafer with an oxide coating to provide an oxide coated wafer, covalently coupling a plurality of probes to the top side of the coated wafer to provide a fixed polymer array, hybridizing the fixed polymer array with a plurality of labeled ligands, and assaying for one or more hybridized ligands using confocal laser fluorescence microscopy to detect hybridization are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metallic-surface detection systems for determining target substances including free bilirubin in neonatal serum in the presence of a predominantly high background of bilirubin bound Human Serum Albumin (HSA) or sensing and isolating target nucleotide sequences wherein a fluorescence signal is enhanced by close proximity of the target substances near metallic surfaces.

Abstract: The methods and apparatus disclosed herein concern nanoparticle layers uniformly distributed on a surface or substrate. In certain embodiments of the invention, the nanoparticle layers are of use for Raman spectroscopy. In certain embodiments of the invention, a micelle-metal ion complex is formed and deposited on a surface. The polymer component of the micelle-metal ion complex may be removed resulting in formation of nanoparticles of a uniform size and distribution. The polymers may contain one or more ligands. The number and type of ligands in a micelle will determine the type and amount of metal ion bound to the micelle, in turn determining the metal composition and size of the nanoparticles. The distribution micelle-metal ion complexes on a surface may determine the distribution and periodicity of the nanoparticle layer. In other embodiments, rod or columnar-shaped nanoparticles may be generated. Other embodiments concern the generation of uniform alloy nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method for detecting an analyze that may be present in ambient air, bound to a surface or as part of complex aqueous media that includes providing a metallole-containing polymer or copolymer, exposing the polymer or copolymer to a suspected analyze or a system suspected of including the analyze, and measuring a quenching of photoluminescence of the metallole-containing polymer or copolymer exposed to the system. Also included is a solid state inorganic-organic polymer sensor for detecting nitroaromatic compounds that includes a substrate and a thin film of a metallole-containing polymer or copolymer deposited on said substrate.

Abstract: A gas sensor has shock resistance and temperature resistance attributes. The gas sensor includes at least one catalytic measuring element (3), which is arranged in a sensor housing (1) forming a combustion chamber (2). The sensor housing (1) has at least one gas-permeable housing opening (4) for the gas exchange between the environment and the combustion chamber (2). The catalytic measuring element (3) is arranged between at least two disk-shaped support elements (5) made of a heat-insulating and temperature-resistant material.

Abstract: A noninvasive blood sugar level measurement method includes a process of changing a blood sugar level of a biological body, a process of noninvasively measuring biological feature amounts at plural measurement points that are timewise shifted from each other, a process of invasively measuring blood sugar levels of the biological body by the number of times that is lesser than the measurement points of the biological feature amount, a process of obtaining an approximate curve indicating temporal change in the actually measured blood sugar level that is obtained by the invasive measurement, a process of obtaining, using the obtained approximate curve, blood sugar levels (interpolation blood sugar levels) that would be obtained by the invasive measurement at the measurement times when the biological feature amounts are noninvasively measured, and a process of associating the values of the biological feature amounts at the times corresponding to the respective measurement points of the biological feature amounts

Abstract: Compounds having enhanced oxidation stability are disclosed. The compounds have an aryl boronic acid residue having one or more electron withdrawing groups on the aromatic moiety which contains the boronic acid residue, such that the molecule has enhanced oxidation resistance as compared to a corresponding molecule without the one or more electron withdrawing groups.

Abstract: A method for measuring a concentration of creatinine includes the steps of: (A) mixing a sample containing creatinine with a creatinine quantitative reagent containing a metal complex of at least one of hexacyanoferrate and hexacyanoruthenate in the absence of picric acid and any enzyme responsive to creatinine, to cause the creatinine to reduce the metal complex; (B) electrochemically or optically measuring the amount of the metal complex reduced in the step (A); and (C) determining the concentration of the creatinine contained in the sample from the amount of the reduced metal complex measured in the step (B).

Abstract: Novel photochromic and electrochromic hexadiene compounds are described. The compounds are reversibly convertible between ring-open and ring-closed isomeric forms as indicated in structures I(o) and I(c) below. (See formula in original abstract of application) The conversion between the different isomeric forms may be induced by light or electricity. In one embodiment the compounds may include a charge transfer moiety including electron donor and acceptor groups. The electron donor and acceptor are linearly conjugated in the ring-open form to enable electron transfer but are electrically insulated in the ring-closed form. Methods for synthesizing the compounds from photochemically and/or electrically inert precursors are also described. For example, the photoresponsive compounds may be synthesized by reacting diene precursors with dienophiles in a condensation reaction. The compounds may be utilized in reactivity-gated photochromic or electrochromic applications.

Abstract: Asymmetric cyanine compounds represented by general formula I are provided, wherein X, n, R1, R2, R3, R4 and Y? are as defined in the specification. They have a maximum absorption peak at about 640 nm which may not change with ambient temperature. When the compounds bind a nucleic acid to form a dye/nucleic acid complex, the fluorescence intensity of the complexes will increased rapidly, so that they can be used as a staining agent for nucleic acids in flow cytometers. Their spectra are in the near-infrared region, which can effectively reduce the interference from background fluorescence and improve the accuracy of detection. Moreover, the compounds provided can also be used as a staining agent for blood reticulocytes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a dual blood glucose meter. The dual blood glucose meter includes a meter body, a measurement strip, a variety of electronic parts and upper and lower strip receiving ports. The meter body is provided with a liquid crystal display panel on the front thereof to display measured numerical values and various pieces of pictorial information. The measurement strip is brought into contact with blood at a blood collection spot so as to measure blood glucose of the blood. The electronic parts are used to measure the blood glucose of the blood. The upper and lower strip receiving ports are formed at upper and lower ends of the meter body to receive the measurement strip, and are each electrically connected to the electric parts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reagent for determining the absolute configuration of a chiral compound containing as an active ingredient a metalloporphyrin dimer, wherein the metalloporphyrin dimer has an alkaline-earth metal ion as a central metal and has a carbon chain-crosslinked structure in which at least one of the two porphyrin rings has a substituent bulkier than methyl at least one of the second carbon atoms from a carbon atom bonded to the crosslinking carbon chain along the outer periphery of the porphyrin ring and a method for determining the absolute configuration of an asymmetric carbon atom of the chiral compound using the reagent.

Abstract: An analyte detector is disclosed. The analyte detector includes a substrate having a surface, a self-assembled monolayer comprising a plurality of molecules bonded to the surface, the molecules having a structure (I) defined herein, and a liquid crystal layer having a plurality of liquid crystal molecules aligned on a top surface of the self-assembled monolayer. The liquid crystal molecule includes a diol moiety that interacts with the molecule having a structure (I). Methods of detecting an analyte are also disclosed.

Abstract: The methods and apparatus disclosed herein concern nanoparticle layers uniformly distributed on a surface or substrate. In certain embodiments of the invention, the nanoparticle layers are of use for Raman spectroscopy. In certain embodiments of the invention, a micelle-metal ion complex is formed and deposited on a surface. The polymer component of the micelle-metal ion complex may be removed resulting in formation of nanoparticles of a uniform size and distribution. The polymers may contain one or more ligands. The number and type of ligands in a micelle will determine the type and amount of metal ion bound to the micelle, in turn determining the metal composition and size of the nanoparticles. The distribution micelle-metal ion complexes on a surface may determine the distribution and periodicity of the nanoparticle layer. In other embodiments, rod or columnar-shaped nanoparticles may be generated. Other embodiments concern the generation of uniform alloy nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining the condition of a biological fluid by recording the IR spectrum of a sample of the biological fluid. To this end, the biological fluid can be examined in its native form. The method of the invention is usable, for example, for detecting pathological conditions in organisms.

Abstract: Assays are preformed to determine nutrient deficiency levels in an individual to address the deficiencies and improve health and longevity. Nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products containing nanoencapsulated active ingredients are provided, in addition to dietary, exercise, sleep, and other lifestyle recommendations.

Abstract: A sandwich immunoassay kit for detecting ciguatoxins based on a combination of two anti-ciguatoxin CTX3C monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridomas, 3D11 (deposited at IPOD, AIST under accession number FMRM PB-8293) and 10C9 (FMRM PB-8292). In particular, one of the antibodies is labeled and each of them binds specifically to a different site of ciguatoxin CTX3C.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to monitor the enantiomeric excess of chiral molecules participating in a chemical reaction. The method includes real time monitoring of the chemical reaction by obtaining a VCD spectra and an IR spectra of the chemical compounds in the reaction, and manipulating the spectra to obtain a % EE value. Using such real time information, the reaction parameters can be changed to shift the reaction to produce more of one chiral molecule than another.

Abstract: A method for measuring hypochlorite ion, which comprises the steps of: (A) reacting, with hypochlorite ion, a compound represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R1 represents a 2-carboxyphenyl group which may be substituted; R2 represents a phenyl group which is substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted amino group; X1 and X2 each independently represents either hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; or a salt thereof; and (B) measuring fluorescence of a dearylated compound generated in the aforementioned step (A) or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A chip with measuring reliability and a method thereof are provided. The present invention serially connects a resistor having a resistance equal to or a little more than a maximum resistance of the chip itself to the resistor Rs of the chip so as to compensate the resistance differences among chips. A noise to signal (N/S) ratio of the chip is decreased, and a measuring reliability of the chip is improved.

Abstract: An analyte detector including a device having a surface, wherein the device is capable of detecting a charge adjacent to the surface. The surface includes a plurality of molecules bonded thereto, wherein the molecules have a structure (I): where R is a ligand bonded to the surface of the device and R1 is a spacer having 5 to 50 carbon atoms. The charge adjacent to the surface is created by the anionic complex of structure (I), and the number of anionic complex of structure (I) is dependent on the concentration of the analyte of interest. Methods for detecting an analyte are also disclosed, as well as systems using such analyte detectors.

Abstract: Porphyrins containing one or more neutral or negatively-charged, closo- or nido-carborane substituents are useful as chelators. The carbon-carbon bonds linking the boron-containing groups to the porphyrin ring make the compounds highly resistant to hydrolysis. These compounds have potential for use in selective binding to specific ligands. These compounds are highly stable, soluble in water and organic solvents, and have low toxicity.

Abstract: A method of quantitatively determining surface area of a sample uses polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) dispersed in a solution containing the sample, and determining the amount of PVP that has deposited on the sample.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for acquiring an infrared spectrum of a sample having or suspected to have an amide I band, an amide II band, an amide III band, an amide A band, an OH stretching region or a combination thereof. A representative method includes providing a sample; providing an internal reflecting element (IRE) with a functionalized tip; contacting the sample with the IRE to form a sample-IRE interface; directing a beam of infrared (IR) radiation through the IRE under conditions such that the IR radiation interacts with the sample-IRE interface once; recording a reflectance profile over a range of preselected frequencies, whereby an infrared spectrum of the of a sample having or suspected of having an amide I band, an amide II band, an amide III band, an amide A band, an OH stretching region or a combination thereof, disposed in an aqueous solution is acquired.

Abstract: A method is disclosed whereby the concentration of a blood substitute, such as cross-linked hemoglobin, in a serum or plasma specimen is rapidly and accurately identified and quantified. The method further takes the measured concentration of the blood substitute and uses it to correct for its effect, if any, on a measured analyte concentration, e.g., serum/plasma total protein. Further, the method allows for the determination of the concentration of true hemoglobin in the presence of blood substitutes. The method is carried out in respect of samples contained in a primary or secondary labelled tube, or a pipette tip used to dispense serum or plasma in a blood analyzer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the analysis of a compound with amino group (e.g., an amino acid or peptide) contained in a sample and convenient manner with a high sensitivity. The compound with amino group in a sample containing the compound with amino group is labeled with a specific carbamate compound such as p-trimethylammonium anilyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate iodide to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity. The present invention is preferably used in conjunction with mass spectrometry such as MS/MS method to facilitate quantitative analysis. The present invention further provides labeling reagents for mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for selective molecular recognition, the device comprising a sensing portion, wherein said sensing portion includes a substrate having coated thereon a layer comprising a non-volatile, small molecule compound having at least two pendant and terminal unsaturated groups, each being functionalized with at least one halogen substituted alcohol or phenol functional group. The compound of the invention preferably has one of the following general formulae: wherein A is a core moiety; B is a pendant and terminal unsaturated group; q is at least 1; r is at least 2; X is a linking group; and n is an integer designating the number of repeating units from 1 to 3, with the proviso that, if n is greater than 1, then the B groups differ from each other in at least two of the repeating units. The device is used to detect the molecules of a hydrogen bond accepting vapor such as an organophosphonate or nitroaromatic vapor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of fluorogenic or chromogenic dyes as reporter molecules for detecting cell entry by a specific molecule.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating neurosynaptic disorder in a subject are described. More specifically, compositions and methods for inhibiting glutamate uptake by synaptic vesicles in a subject are set forth. In one embodiment, the composition is inhibitory protein factor (IPF) and the subject is a human.

Abstract: A system and method for desorption and ionization of analytes in an ablation medium. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of preparing a sample having analytes in a medium including at least one component, freezing the sample at a sufficiently low temperature so that at least part of the sample has a phase transition, and irradiating the frozen sample with short-pulse radiation to cause medium ablation and desorption and ionization of the analytes. The method further includes the steps of selecting a resonant vibrational mode of at least one component of the medium and selecting an energy source tuned to emit radiation substantially at the wavelength of the selected resonant vibrational mode. The medium is an electrophoresis medium having polyacrylamide. In one embodiment, the energy source is a laser, where the laser can be a free electron laser tunable to generate short-pulse radiation. Alternatively, the laser can be a solid state laser tunable to generate short-pulse radiation.

Abstract: Two dimensional COSY magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human stool can be used in a non-invasive method of detecting the presence of colorectal cancer. The spectrum of a patient's stool is compared with that of stool from non-cancerous subjects, observed differences in spectra being indicative of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of characterizing the transfer of an analyte from a non-aqueous liquid composition to an aqueous medium and in particular to an in vitro method for measuring the dissolution of a drug from a sustained release dosage form.

Abstract: Mass spectrometry of large nucleic acids by infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) using a liquid matrix is reported.

Abstract: Mass spectrometry of large nucleic acids by infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) using a liquid matrix is reported.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an interference-eliminating membrane for use in detecting uric acid in a sample, comprising a compound for inhibiting or shading uric acid interfering substances, or derivatives thereof, and a carrier having an absorption property and permeability for the sample; and a process for preparing the interference-eliminating membrane. The present invention also provides a test strip for use in detecting uric acid in a sample, comprising a reagent reaction layer or optional interference-eliminating membranes and/or support layers; and a kit comprising the test strip of the invention.

Abstract: A reagent for detecting exogenous oxidants in urine comprises tetramethylbenzidine, an acidic buffer, a catalyst, a medium for carrying out chemical reactions, and a resinous material. The reagent may be utilized in liquid form or may be applied to a test strip.