Abstract: Long wavelength, narrow emission bandwidth fluorecein dyes are provided for detecting spacially overlapping target substances. The dyes comprise 4,7-dichlorofluoresceins, and particularly 2',4',5', 7'-tetrachloro-4,7-dichloro-5- (and 6-) carboxyfluoresceins. Methods and kits for using the dyes in DNA analysis are provided.

Abstract: A high purity styrene-divinyl benzene resin is used for rapid solid phase extraction of drugs of abuse from body fluid samples. Simple extraction procedures are described which provide high recovery and selectivity for a wide variety of drugs. A convenient method of increasing flow rate in such solid phase extractions is also described.

Abstract: A method for the determination of an individual's alcohol consumption, characterized in comprising the steps: i) determining the level of sialic acid in a body fluid sample from the individual; ii) comparing the level found in step (i) with the level for the normal population, an increased level being an indication of an increased alcohol consumption relative to the consumption (per individual) of the normal population.

Abstract: The invention provides a pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula I:R.sub.2.sup.2 N--CH.sub.2 COCH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 CO--OR.sup.1(I)wherein, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have any of the values defined in the specification; or a salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. The invention also provides a method for the diagnosis or photochemotherapeutic treatment of disorders or abnormalities of external or internal surfaces of the body using such compounds or salts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a family of cyanine dyes possessing lipophilic alkyl chains and either one or more reactive functional groups, bromo or chloro, or phenyl, sulfophenyl or polysulfophenyl substituents or combinations thereof. The dyes of the invention are useful for staining membranes in cells or isolated from cells, and are well-retained therein. Additionally, the reactive dyes of the invention are useful for preparing dye-conjugates, thereby conferring the membrane staining ability of the subject dye onto the resulting dye-conjugate.

Abstract: An assaying system for determining the presence of particular illicit substances in human physiological fluid, consisting of a collection cup, a collection cup lid, and a test card with assaying means, quality control means and adulteration detection means which is secured to the collection cup lid. The assaying means contemplate the addition of control positives such that a pre-determined number of assaying systems would be configured so that a false positive indication would be given by the assaying means in addition to any true positive results which may be present. Accordingly, it would initially be impossible to distinguish true test-positives from control positives, and thus the anonymity of a true test-positive donor individual would be protected. All donor individuals testing negative would be immediately discernible.

Abstract: Long wavelength, narrow emission bandwidth fluorecein dyes are provided for detecting spacially overlapping target substances. The dyes comprise 4,7-dichlorofluoresceins, and particularly 2',4',5',7'-tetrachloro-4,7-dichloro-5- (and 6-) carboxyfluoresceins. Methods and kits for using the dyes in DNA analysis are provided.

Abstract: Primary amines, ammonia, or mixtures thereof can be detected using a reagent comprising from about 650 ppm to about 25 percent by weight of phthalic dicarboxyaldehyde; from about 74 to about 99.88 percent by weight of an alkali metal borate; and, from about 550 ppm to about 22 percent by weight of a nucleophile.

Abstract: Method and reagent composition for covalent attachment of target molecules, such as nucleic acids, onto the surface of a substrate. The reagent composition includes groups capable of attracting the target molecule as well as groups capable of covalently binding to the target molecule, once attracted. Optionally, the composition can contain photoreactive groups for use in attaching the reagent composition to the surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measurement apparatus (1) for analysing fluids, comprising a container (3) in the form of a syringe, into which a fluid may be taken in via an intake device (14) through at least one opening (5), and further comprising a sensor (7) which is either integrated in the container wall (9) or is attached to said container wall (9), the sensor(s) (7) being so disposed that it/they can come into contact with the fluid which may be taken up into the cavity (10).

Abstract: A method and a device for the analysis of 5-hydroxyindoles or catecholamines with high sensitivity. New chemiluminescence labeling agents, 6-aminomethylphthalhydrazide or 1,2-bis(phthalhydrazino)ethylenediamine, are reacted with 5-hydroxyindoles or catecholamines to form their stable derivatives. The derivatives emit strong luminescence in the presence of an oxidizing agent. In the chemiluminescence detection method, there is extremely low background noise and thus the method enables analysis with high sensitivity.

Abstract: A method for assessing or determining alcohol consumption rates including using a blood specimen from a human subject to develop an individual blood constituent panel; comparing the individual panel with a reference blood constituent panel to provide categories corresponding to rates of alcohol consumption; and identifying the category of consumption rate. The methods of the invention can be varied through modification of one of several statistical models used therewith to preferentially weigh the analysis and identify one consumption category over another. Multi-variate and similar such statistical techniques correlate comparisons of individual/subject blood and reference panel constituents with recognized consumptions rates.

Abstract: The compounds are vesamicol (hydroxylated phencyclidine (PCP) isomer trans-2-(4-phenyl-piperidino)cyclohexanol) derivatives with anticholinergic properties termed herein "azavesamicols" in which the cyclohexyl group of vesamicol is replaced with a heterocycle of similar size, the piperidyl ring. The compounds bind to the vesamicol receptor, a cytoplasmically-oriented site on the cholinergic synaptic vesicle, which is associated with the vesicular transporter of acetylcholine.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic combinatorial libraries of organic compounds based on the quinazolinone ring.

Abstract: The invention provides a reagent for the presumptive identification of cocaine, cocaine salts and phencyclidene comprising cobalt thiocyanate, at least one poly-hydroxy alcohol and a third component selected from the group consisting of a polyether, a silicon derivative of a polyether and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that the poly-hydroxy alcohol is not glycerol.

Abstract: A solid phase capable of detecting the presence of nicotine and/or nicotine metabolites is described. The solid phase is impregnated with assay reagents including a color determinant, a buffer, a cyanogen releasing agent and a cyanogen halide forming agent. The solid phase provides a means whereby unprocessed urine samples over a wide range of different pH values can be tested for the presence of nicotine and/or nicotine metabolites. The assay results may be determined by direct visualization of the color of the solid phase. Also described are methods of preparing and using the solid phase, and kits containing the solid phase.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for the detection of hydrogen peroxide in biological fluids or an aqueous solution which involves contacting the solution with an oxidation-reduction indicator and a transition metal complex. The transition metal complex is either a creatinine coordinated with iron or a guanidine coordinated with iron.

Abstract: The caffeine content of a beverage is measured by inserting a dipstick into the beverage. The dipstick is impregnated with a reagent that changes color when reacted with caffeine. The degree of color change will be proportional to the concentration of caffeine in the beverage. The dipstick may be provided with a graded color chart which can be compared to the color of the dipstick so as to ascertain the concentration of caffeine in the beverage. The dipstick will preferably include a beverage dipping section; an adjacent temperature moderation section; and an adjacent reagent-impregnated section. The beverage is preferably wicked from its container to the reagent-impregnated section of the dipstick. In this manner, the reagent is never directly admixed with the beverage in the container.

Abstract: A method of treating contact lenses comprising the use of an iodine-chromophore to indicate neutralization of oxidative disinfectants.

Abstract: A quantitative assay for creatinine has been developed in which creatinine is reacted with 3,5-dinitrobenzoate under alkaline reaction conditions to produce a fluorophore product which has excitation and emission maxima near 410 nm and 475 nm, respectively. Alternatively, 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride or methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoate may be employed as reagents. The chemical reactions proceed in the presence of Group IA bases and/or quaternary alkyl ammonium hydroxides under aqueous, nonaqueous and mixed solvent conditions. Detection limits for creatinine are well below one micromole per liter. Conversely, the reactivity of creatinine and/or base with 3,5-dinitrobenzoate may be employed to quantify 3,5-dinitrobenzoate by fluorescence intensity measurements. The chemical assay is readily adaptable to reagent pad and dry-layered coating technologies employing fluorescence detection/quantitation.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing severity of periodontal disease or peri-implant disease in a human patient, involving a) obtaining a sample of tissue or gingival crevicular or other fluid from the mouth of said patient, or a blood or urine sample from the patient, and b) measuring a pyridinoline crosslinked compound in the sample as a measure of severity of disease.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to use of an imidazo [4,5b] pyridinium molecule composed of a lysine and an arginine residue crosslinked with a pentose sugar for assessing the biological age of a tissue.

Abstract: A surface ionization detector for detecting organic molecules such as illicit drugs and non-organo-nitrate explosives includes a heated surface and a collector electrode. A sample containing trace amounts of the organic molecules in ambient air is directed over the heated surface maintained at a temperature in the range of 500.degree. C. to 800.degree. C., thereby causing the molecules to decompose into fragments. A polarization voltage between 18 V and 24 V is applied to ionize the fragments which are then collected by the collector electrode. An electrometer connected to the collector electrode measures the current and a change in the current indicates the presence of ionized fragments, and thereby indicates the presence of the organic molecules. The temperature of the heated surface and the polarization voltage are optimized for detection of particular organic molecules.

Abstract: Method and reagents for determining a compound of interest present in a test sample also containing one or more interfering compounds having substantially similar chemical structures, and otherwise analytically indistinguishable from each other, employing a pretreatment reagent capable of selectively modifying the chemical structure of one of the compounds without significantly modifying or altering the chemical structure of the other one of the compounds.

Abstract: Biological samples are analyzed for benzodiazepines in a single isocratic analysis using a chromatographic column system containing an immobilized enzyme reactor which cleaves glucuronic acid-conjugated benzodiazepines, an anion exchange column, a hydrophobic cation exchange column and a reverse-phase analytical column. Preferred methods of performing the analysis further involve the use of a hydrophobic cation exchange precolumn prior to the anion exchange column. The system readily lends itself to automation, automatic periodic sampling and benzodiazepine identification and quantification. The system is particularly well adapted to the determination and identification of benzodiazepines in urine samples.

Abstract: A sample of lard or fat is taken from a carcass of a pig or part thereof and heated until the fat is liquid, whereupon the sample is extracted by a polar solvent, and the contents of the indole compounds associated with boar taint in the extract are determined. A sample container useable when carrying out the method includes a container divided into an open first chamber and a closed second chamber, where the two chambers are separated from each other by a partition wall breakable by a slight physical load. A closing device associated with the open container includes a third chamber provided at the top with an area penetrable by an injection needle and at the bottom includes a filter which may be lowered into the container. The method is simple and economically advantageous, especially for use in relatively small slaughterhouses.

Abstract: A method for discriminating four kinds of nucleic acid bases of DNA at high speed by utilizing chromophores intrinsic to DNA. The sample is added to a polar glassy solvent. Then the temperature of the glassy solution is reduced. A (n,.pi.*) quencher is then added as a fluorescence intensifying reagent to the solution. The solution is then irradiated with an excitation light of UV laser beams thereto. The lifetimes of fluorescence from the sample are measured and used to discriminate the nucleic acid bases of DNA.

Abstract: A spectrophotometric assay for quantitative determination of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in fluid samples. 3-methyl-2-benzthiazolone hydrazone is oxidized with sodium periodate to the corresponding diazonium salt. The resulting diazonium salt adds electrophilically to activated positions on indole ring of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to yield azo dyes which absorb light at 510 nm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for selective, high speed detection of vapors of specific gas-chromatographically-separable compounds. In the disclosed method separate analyses are performed on two portions of a gas sample formed by flash-heating trapped vapors to successively higher temperatures while flowing hydrogen carrier gas over coatings in/on which the vapors are held. Within a total time interval of about twenty seconds 1) two sample portions are formed, 2) each portion is rapidly separated in two series-connected, high speed, temperature-programmed gas chromatographs, and 3) specific compounds are identified by detection of NO gas formed during an oxidative pyrolysis of each separated portion. One application of the described method and apparatus is the rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of nitrogen-containing compounds such as the drugs methamphetamine, cocaine, and heroin.

Abstract: A protein microsequencing method for use in conjunction with the thiobenzoylation degradation of polypeptides and proteins is disclosed. The process involves reaction of the N-terminal amino acid of a polypeptide with an excess of a thiobenzoylating reagent. The derivatized polypeptide is subjected to cleavage by acid which forms a 4-substituted 2-phenyl-5(4H) thiazolone. The thiazolone is acylated to form a 5-acyloxy-2-phenylthiazole and subjected to detection by both gas chromatography and chemical ionization mass spectroscopy.

Abstract: A method for quantifying in vivo ascorbate concentration in body fluids uses gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Further provided is a method for measuring redox potentials of body fluid by determining the ratio of in vivo concentration of ascorbate to one or more of its metabolites.

Abstract: A method and an agent for the determination of maleimide groups, comprising reacting a sample containing maleimide groups with a reagent containing thiol groups and then with a chromogen or fluorogen which reacts with thiol groups, and measuring the change in intensity.

Abstract: An improved method of electroanalytical detection of residual hydroquinone in boiler feedwater employing adding an ionic base and a copper chelant to the feedwater sample. Na.sub.3 PO.sub.4 and ethylenediamine are representative chemicals when square wave voltammetry (SWV) is used as the electroanalytical technique.

Abstract: Quaternized derivatives of acridine orange and reagents incorporating such derivatives and their use in quantitatively determining reticulocyte levels in whole blood specimen by fluorescence flow cytometry techniques are disclosed. The quaternized derivatives of acridine orange are of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Y is bromide (Br.sup.-) or iodide (I.sup.-), andX may be R.sub.1 and/or R.sub.2 substituted benzyl group ##STR2## R.sub.1 is hydrogen or fluorine, and R.sub.2 is fluorine, trifluoromethyl or hydrogen, or X may be hydroxyl ethylene.

Abstract: Manganese(II) chelates of N,N'-bis-(pyridoxal)-alkylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acids, N,N'-bis-(pyridoxal)-1,2-cycloalkylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acids, N,N'-bis-(pyridoxal)-1,2-arylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acids, N,N'-bis-(pyridoxal)-alkylenediamine-N-acetic acids, N,N'-bis-(pyridoxal)-1,2-cycloalkylenediamine-N-acetic acids, N,N'-bis-(pyridoxal)-1,2-arylenediamine-N-acetic acids, and their salts are highly stable, superior NMRI contrast agents. They maintain the manganese(II) ion in the +2 valence state. Preferred contrast agents are manganese(II) ion chelates of N,N'-bis-(pyridoxal)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid, N,N'-bis-(pyridoxal)trans-1,2-cyclohexylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid, and the salts and esters thereof.

Abstract: A method of making drug abuse test papers wherein bibulous paper carriers are impregnated with specific test chemicals, (bismuth subnitrate, potassium iodide, acetic acid, and platinum salt), in two coatings and dried after each coating under specific temperature conditions. The test chemicals are provided for the detection of the drug abuse compounds of amphetamine, cocaine, marijuana, and narcotics contained in low concentrations in animal or human urine. Additionally described is a means of preserving urine samples using esters of parahydroxybenzoic acid.

Abstract: Methods for the detection and measurement of compounds containing beta-lactam rings by chemiluminescence of the compounds in the presence of a chemiluminescent compound such as luminol, and for improving the sensitivity of assays using chemiluminescent reactions such as the luminol reaction utilizing compounds containing beta-lactam rings are described. A kit for conducting such chemiluminescent assays is also described.

Abstract: Fluorescent lanthanide chelates are formed by reacting a .beta.-diketone, an aldehyde, and an amine to produce a dihydropyridine condensation product which is then chelated with a lanthanide metal ion. These fluorescent chelates are made into wavelength-shifting devices by physically supporting the chelates on a polymer. Such wavelength-shifting devices can be optically coupled to a photoelectric cell to increase the portion of the solar spectrum available to the cell for conversion into electricity. Furthermore, the reaction producing the fluorescent lanthanide chelates is used to detect amines or aldehydes in a sample.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a sample for selected molecules which consists of reacting the molecule with a reagent that produces a charged derivative which can be desorbed and analyzed using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS).

Abstract: Certain methanol soluble ortho-benzo or -naphthoquinones are useful electron transfer agents. They are particularly useful in the detection of cells in urine.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the presumptive identification of cocaine or heroin street drug comprising applying to a sample of the suspected drug a reagent which gives a characteristic color reaction in the presence of trace amounts of organic bases or acetic acid. The invention also provides a prepacked screening kit for illicit cocaine and heroin street drug if present, comprising a reagent which gives a characteristic color reaction in the presence of the trace amounts of organic bases or acetic acid in said illicit substances.

Abstract: A method for detecting basic narcotics or drugs in body fluids which comprises filtering body fluids through a cellulosic filtering means treated with a binding agent for the narcotics or drugs and the filtering means. The binding agent is a polycarboxylic acid. The narcotics or drugs are then treated with a subsequent reagent to produce a color reaction. A device for detecting basic narcotics or drugs in also disclosed which contains the filtering means treated with the binding agent so as to concentrate the narcotic or drug prior to reaction with a suitable indicator.

Abstract: A method of determining on a discrete analyzer the nicotine content of tobacco or a smoking-related product by preparing an aqueous extract of a sample of tobacco or smoking-related product, pre-reacting the extract with an acidic buffered solution of pH not more than 6 for at least two minutes, reacting the pre-reacted extract in the discrete analyzer with aniline and cyanogen bromide, measuring the intensity of yellow coloration generated, and comparing said intensity with that produced by a nicotine standard to determine the nicotine content of said sample.

Abstract: A novel method of detecting and diagnosing lung cancers by monitoring and analyzing expired lung air for the presence of selected aromatic amines, particularly aniline and ortho-toluidine, is provided.

Abstract: A diagnostic test paper detects abuse-type drugs in a test specimen of a biological fluid. A particular method of making the diagnostic test paper includes impregnating a bibulous carrier material with the dry residue of a reagent reactive to abuse-type drugs. A particular method is used for screening a biological fluid to determine the presence of abuse-type drugs therein. A test specimen applying area is located on the bibulous carrier material adjacent one side of a concentrated reagent zone having a first color. A particular method of application and a specific syringe device is used to apply a test specimen that has been prepared under very precise conditions. The test specimen moves from the particular applying area into the concentrated reagent zone to produce the specific results of detecting the presence of abuse-type drugs therein. A novel solvent composition is used to prepare the test specimen applied to the bibulous carrier material of the invention.

Abstract: A system for determining zinc protoporphyrin levels in whole blood using hematofluorometry without the need for oxygenation of the hemoglobin by derivatizing the hemoglobin to form a new compound having essentially the same spectral properties as oxygenated hemoglobin. A preferred reagent includes cyanide as the active ingredient.

Abstract: A method which involves the isolation, analysis and characterization of dispersants present in motor oils is disclosed. The method is particularly useful in connection with the characterization of high molecular weight polybutenyl succinimide dispersants present in finished motor oils so as to provide detailed information with respect to the starting material reactants needed to synthesize such dispersants. The method involves breaking down complexation present in the oil followed by the isolation of the dispersant from the oil via dialysis. The isolated dispersant in the form of a dialysis residue is then acidified and passed through an ion exchange chromatographic column to adsorb acid materials away from the dispersant. Dispersant content and total carbonyl content can then be determined. The dispersant is then subjected to saponification with sodium hydroxide to provide a hydrocarbyl sodium succinate and a polyamine.

Abstract: A method for diagnosis of cancer utilizing an ESR spectrometer comprised a first step for mixing cells from a patient with a solution of hematoporphyrin or hematoporphyrin derivative, a second step for isolating said cells from unreacted reagent and obtaining ESR spectral signal on said cells, a third step for finding quantity S.sub.x of the radicals contained in said cells on the basis of the ESR signal, and a fourth step for comparing value S.sub.x at a predetermined level.

Abstract: An assay for Vitamin B.sub.12 deficiency by determining for a blood sample that essentially all of the Vitamin B.sub.12 is carried by a combination of TCI and TCIII and/or essentially no Vitamin B.sub.12 is carried by TCII. TCII may be conveniently separated from a combination of TCI and TCIII by precipitating TCII with silica. Vitamin B.sub.12 deficiency may be determined prior to the onset of anemia and/or nerve damage by determining a decrease in Vitamin B.sub.12 carried by TCII.

Abstract: 9-Azido-6-halo-3-lower alkyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines are prepared from their 9-amino congeners. The compounds are useful as photoaffinity probes for .alpha..sub.2 -adrenoceptor sites in biological samples.