Abstract: Apparatus can have a separable housing having a longitudinal length extending along a longitudinal axis with an upper portion and a lower portion. One or more tubular control conduits can be disposed within the separable housing and extend along the longitudinal axis. The one or more tubular control conduits can have an inner bore formed therein. One or more actuation elements can be coupled with the separable housing and be operable to separate the upper portion and the lower portion of the separable housing. The one or more actuation elements can also be operable to separate the one or more tubular control conduits, thereby interrupting the inner bore of the one or more tubular control conduits.

Abstract: Method of cleaning a plasma coating torch utilizing at least one nozzle mounted so as to be directed at the plasma coating torch in order to subject an external surface of the plasma coating torch to a cleaning agent that removes spray material particles which have adhered to the external surface of the plasma coating torch during coating with the plasma coating torch, and such that the cleaning agent exiting the at least one nozzle and being directed toward the external surface and directly changing to a gaseous state from either a solid state or a liquid state.

Abstract: A sand source selecting structure for a sandblasting gun has a main body; a channel provided in the main body, for passing pressurized gas; at least two sub-channels provided in the main body respectively connected to the channel; a sandbox mounted on the main body connected to the channel through the first sub-channel; a first control valve installed in the first sub-channel; and a second control valve installed in the second sub-channel. Therefore, the combination of the first control valve with the second valve provides a selecting structure, which can offer different sand supply sources.

Abstract: A conveyor includes a first conveyor belt with a first surface along which an article is conveyed in a conveyance direction from an upstream end to a downstream end, The first surface has an upstream end and a downstream end along the conveyance direction. A second conveyor belt is directly downstream of the first conveyor belt in the conveyance direction and has a second surface along which the article is conveyed in the conveyance direction from an upstream end to a downstream end. The downstream end of the first surface is at a height greater than the upstream end of the second surface. A first reading unit is positioned to read a symbol on the article through a gap left between the first and second conveyor belts.

Abstract: A machine apparatus that a user can more easily operate includes a machine driver that is mechanically driven, a main operation unit that operates the machine driver, a remote operation unit that transmits an operation instruction signal to the machine driver at a position apart from the main operation unit, a position determiner that determines a position of the remote operation unit, and a controller that, upon determining that the remote operation unit is located in a predetermined area, enables operations by the main operation unit, and upon determining that the remote operation unit is located outside the predetermined area, disables at least some operations by the main operation unit.

Abstract: Fluid jet systems, components and related methods are provided which are well adapted for processing workpieces under particularly work-friendly conditions. Embodiments include fluid jet systems and related methods that reduce, minimize or eliminate a gap between a workpiece being processed and jet receiving devices that receive and dissipate the energy of a fluid jet passing through the workpiece. Other embodiments include fluid jet systems and related methods involving fluid jet processing of workpieces in a submerged condition. Still further embodiments include fluid jet systems and related methods involving position and orientation adjustment of a fluid jet receptacle to coordinate the path of an incoming fluid jet with a central axis or other feature of the fluid jet receptacle.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present subsea pipe cutting apparatuses use or include a frame, one or more water jet nozzles coupled to the frame and configured to apply pressurized fluid to a pipe to cut the pipe, and one or more of: a flange configured to secure the subsea pipe cutting apparatus relative to a blowout preventer stack, one or more water jet nozzles coupled to a rotating portion of the frame and configured to rotate about the pipe, one or more water jet nozzles movable between a retracted state and a deployed state in which the one or more water jet nozzles are radially closer to the pipe than when in the retracted state, one or more water jet nozzles pivotally coupled to the frame and configured to pivot while applying pressurized fluid to a surface of the pipe, and two or more water jet nozzles.

Abstract: A substrate cleaning apparatus may include a substrate support member to support a substrate having a first side and a contaminated second side; a liquid carbon dioxide source; a gaseous carbon dioxide source; and one or more nozzles coupled to the liquid carbon dioxide source and to the gaseous carbon dioxide source, wherein the one or more nozzles are configured to receive liquid carbon dioxide and to discharge a first mixture of solid and gaseous carbon dioxide from the liquid carbon dioxide source to the second side of the substrate and to receive gaseous carbon dioxide and to discharge a second mixture of solid and gaseous carbon dioxide from the gaseous carbon dioxide source to the second side of the substrate. Methods of cleaning a substrate may be performed in the substrate cleaning apparatus.

Abstract: A system for refurbishing at least one article attached to an assembly includes a refurbishing vessel that contains at least one wall and at least one open portion; means for providing an abrasive media to the vessel, wherein the abrasive media is caused to flow around the surfaces of the at least one article when the vessel is positioned on the at least one article; means for conformably sealing the at least one open portion against the flow of abrasive media, wherein a seal is created that conforms to the contours of the at least one article and prevents the abrasive media from escaping between the at least one article and the at least one wall; and means for removing the abrasive media from the vessel.

Abstract: A block former comprises a portable device for compression forming of carbon dioxide particles into a non-homogenous block of carbon dioxide. The formed non-homogenous block can be used with carbon dioxide blasters that shave the formed block, and then eject the carbon dioxide shavings into a pneumatic jet as a blast media for cleaning surfaces. The block former further comprises a control system comprising a logic system of switches, valves, and timers to perform a timed sequence of events to form loose carbon dioxide particles into a non-homogenous block, to release compression on the block, and to eject the formed block from the block former. A single compression surface is provided to compress the carbon dioxide particles block, to release pressure on the block, and to eject the block from the block former device. The carbon dioxide particles used to form the non-homogeneous block can vary in size from snow to chunks or pellets.

Abstract: A system for refurbishing at least one article attached to an assembly includes a refurbishing vessel that contains at least one wall and at least one open portion; means for providing an abrasive media to the vessel, wherein the abrasive media is caused to flow around the surfaces of the at least one article when the vessel is positioned on the at least one article; means for conformably sealing the at least one open portion against the flow of abrasive media, wherein a seal is created that conforms to the contours of the at least one article and prevents the abrasive media from escaping between the at least one article and the at least one wall; and means for removing the abrasive media from the vessel.

Abstract: The system delivers media blasting material to an interior surface of a large storage tank comprises a substantially upright support structure secured to the surface to be blasted. The upright support structure is preferably vertical. A frame extends across the upright support structure. An extendable arm is affixed to the frame at a section. The section is securely and pivotably attached to the section in such a way to enable the arm to rotate freely inside the large storage tank, so that the blaster secured at the end of the extendable arm can blast the entire interior surface of the large storage tank while the upright support structure remains in place. A robot blaster is positioned at the end of the extendable arm and performs the media blasting. A work station is located nearby the site of the large storage tank and controls the position of the extendable arm relative to the interior surface being blasted via a processor and the operation of the blasting delivery system.

Abstract: The system delivers media blasting material to an interior surface of a large storage tank comprises a substantially upright support structure secured to the surface to be blasted. The upright support structure is preferably vertical. A frame extends across the upright support structure. An extendable arm is affixed to the frame at a section. The section is securely and pivotably attached to the section in such a way to enable the arm to rotate freely inside the large storage tank, so that the blaster secured at the end of the extendable arm can blast the entire interior surface of the large storage tank while the upright support structure remains in place. A robot blaster is positioned at the end of the extendable arm and performs the media blasting. A work station is located nearby the site of the large storage tank and controls the position of the extendable arm relative to the interior surface being blasted via a processor and the operation of the blasting delivery system.

Abstract: A modular abrasive particle blasting system comprises an abrasive blast assembly including at least one blast vessel for delivering blast particles to an abrasive blasting system. The abrasive blast assembly is mounted within a first skid. An abrasive recycling assembly includes at least one vacuum hopper for receiving grit retrieved from an abrasive blasting process. The abrasive recycling assembly is mounted within a second skid. The first and second skids comprise mounting members at a top section and a bottom section of each of the first and second skids to permit mounting of the first and second skids in alternate stacked arrangements whereby the first skid is selective mounted above and below the second skid. The same skid principal may be used to provide a variety of skids, including blast skid, vacuum skid, recycle skid, storage skid, air dryer skid, dust collector skid and or dehumidification skid.

Abstract: A blast processing device includes a first nozzle, a second nozzle, and a moving mechanism. The first nozzle blasts a blasting material toward a workpiece, using first compressed air. The second nozzle blasts second compressed air for adjusting a diffusion range of the blasting material. The moving mechanism moves the first nozzle and the second nozzle over the workpiece.

Abstract: A method and method for processing grit used for abrasive blasting may include receiving grit blasted onto a surface, where the grit includes moisture content. Air in which the grit being recycled is being processed may be heated. The moisture content may be evaporated from the grit using the heated air to produce dry recycled grit. The dried recycled grit may be stored.

Abstract: A system for system for controlling functions of a multi-feed blasting apparatus is disclosed. Tank pressure, charge/discharge control, status of a vessel cover, total hours of pressurization or operation for the vessel and individual feed lines, ambient environmental or weather conditions, and abrasive material level inside the vessel may also be monitored and controlled by the disclosed system.

Abstract: A jet receiving receptacle is provided which is coupleable to a high pressure fluid jet system opposite a nozzle thereof to receive a fluid jet discharged from the nozzle after it acts on a workpiece. The jet receiving receptacle may include an inlet feed component having a tapered inlet that defines a jet receiving surface about a central axis to receive the fluid jet and direct the fluid jet downstream and toward the central axis. The jet receiving receptacle may further include a drive mechanism adapted to rotate the inlet feed component about the central axis such that impact of the fluid jet with the inlet feed component is distributed around the jet receiving surface. The drive mechanism may rotate the inlet feed component continuously or intermittently. Fluid jet cutting systems incorporating a jet receiving receptacle and related methods are also provided.

Abstract: The system delivers media blasting material to an interior surface of a large storage tank comprises a substantially upright support structure secured to the surface to be blasted. The upright support structure is preferably vertical. A frame extends across the upright support structure. An extendable arm is affixed to the frame at a section. The section is securely and pivotably attached to the section in such a way to enable the arm to rotate freely inside the large storage tank, so that the blaster secured at the end of the extendable arm can blast the entire interior surface of the large storage tank while the upright support structure remains in place. A robot blaster is positioned at the end of the extendable arm and performs the media blasting. A work station is located nearby the site of the large storage tank and controls the position of the extendable arm relative to the interior surface being blasted via a processor and the operation of the blasting delivery system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for wirelessly controlling a water jet machine by way of a wireless connection between the water jet machine and a computing device. The computing device provides an interface for controlling the operating device either directly to the water jet machine or via a control unit which is removably connected to the water jet machine. The water jet machine or control unit communicates wirelessly with the computing device, allowing a user to move about freely while still controlling the water jet machine. The control unit may include at least one valve for use in controlling the operating device.

Abstract: The method is used to drill at least one hole into a front wall section of a workpiece (12) by way of a machining jet formed from liquid, to which abrasive material is admixed as needed. As seen looking in the drilling direction, the front wall section is located in front of a rear wall section of the workpiece, which is disposed with an intermediate space at a distance from the front wall section. The hole is drilled at least partially by the machining jet impinging on the front wall section in a pulsed manner. This pulsed jet is generated by the recurrent interruption of the impingement of the liquid and/or of the abrasive material on the front wall section.

Abstract: The method for machining a series of workpieces (21) via at least one machining jet includes the following steps: each workpiece (21) is associated with an identifier for uniquely identifying the workpiece, during the machining of a respective workpiece, the temporal characteristic of the machining jet is detected by at least one sensor (30), the detected temporal characteristic is evaluated so as to obtain at least one comparative value, and for detecting incorrect machining, the at least one comparative value is compared with at least one threshold value.

Abstract: A method of machining a profile pattern in a ceramic coating of a turbine shroud is provided and includes applying the ceramic coating substantially uniformly onto the turbine shroud, positioning a machining tool proximate the ceramic coating, and removing material from the ceramic coating by activating the machining tool to machine the ceramic coating and by moving the machining tool across the ceramic coating in a movement pattern that generally corresponds to the profile pattern.

Abstract: The blowdown silencing system includes an initial restrictor in communication with a blast pot vessel for controlling the flow of pressurized air from the vessel into a first expansion chamber. The outlet of the first expansion chamber is in communication with a reducer. The reducer outlet is in communication with a shut-off valve, which may be manually controlled or automatic. The shut-off valve may be upstream or downstream of the reducer. The outlet of the reducer/shut-off valve is introduced into a muffler system which includes an exhaust path and a deflector for absorbing and/or deflecting abrasive particles which may be evacuated from the blast pot vessel during blowdown.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cutting apparatus for cutting glass substrate which comprises a cutting device including a first waterjet and a second waterjet. A compressed liquid source is in communication with the first and second waterjet. And a first controlling unit is used to control the operation of the first and second waterjets. The present invention also relates to a method for cutting the glass substrate. By the provision of the present invention, the performance of cutting the glass substrate is increased, and the cost is reduced.

Abstract: A treatment system for achieving a substantially uniform surface profile of a surface to be treated. The treatment system comprises a support panel which supports a rotatable orb, and the rotatable orb has an access aperture extending therethrough which facilitates receiving a desired surface treatment equipment. The access aperture is sized so as to permit the desired surface treatment equipment to pass therethrough and move relative thereto the access aperture, during surface treatment. The treatment system comprises a monitoring system for monitoring at least one of a spacing of a remote end of the surface treatment equipment from the surface to be treated and a treatment angle of the surface treatment equipment in order to control the surface treatment of the surface to be treated and achieve a substantially uniform surface profile, of the surface to be treated, following treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dry blasting process for the cleaning of solid surfaces as well as special abrasive pigments suitable therefor and a method for their production.

Abstract: A dual capability ultra high pressure (UHP) fire attack system includes a fluid jet assembly and an UHP attack line system. The fluid jet assembly and the UHP attack line system are coupled to a high pressure fluid source. The fluid is discharged from both the fluid jet assembly and the UHP attack line system as a mist having a droplet diameter of approximately 150 microns. When infused with an abrasive material, the fluid jet assembly may be used to cut through structural surfaces, so that a fire may be “knocked down” before the fuel source is attacked.

Abstract: The shot-blasting machine for surface treatment of products comprises a base frame, a containing chamber for containing at least a product to be treated associated to the base frame and provided with at least an access opening, one or more projecting organs associated internally of the chamber for projecting a flow of shot-blasting particles onto the product, and automated unloading means associated to the base frame which cause the product to exit from the chamber through the access opening.

Abstract: A containment system comprising a rigid support panel separating a treatment area from a work area, the rigid support panel having an access aperture within which a spherical orb is rotatably and pivotably supported. The spherical orb has a port for accommodating a surface treatment equipment and the spherical orb has a viewing aperture to facilitate viewing of a surface of an object to be treated during surface treatment. The rigid support panel is used in combination with one of a rigid structure and flexible barrier to prevent any blasting media, contaminants and debris from escaping a treatment area. A transparent window seals the viewing aperture and separates an operator from a treatment area accommodating the object to be treated. The flexible barrier is translucent to permit exterior light to pass therethrough and illuminate the object to be treated.

Abstract: A profile cutting apparatus comprising: a cutting head supporting a nozzle through which a cutting medium passes, and at least two drives that drive the cutting head to tilt relative to a vertical axis while driving the cutting head to rotate about the vertical axis, wherein the tilt of the cutting head is achieved by the relative difference in motion between the two drives.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning a turbo-machine stage (100) consisting of at least one of the following steps: a cleaning nozzle (1) is introduced into an opening of a turbo-machine, in particular into an inspection opening (220); and the blade (100) of the stage is acted upon by solid particles, said particles subliming at the blade temperature, in particular into dry ice particles.

Abstract: A method of removing an alpha case from a rotor blade by directing a water jet to mill a surface of a rotor blade spar to remove an Alpha-case therefrom.

Abstract: A sandblasting apparatus for cutting a plate-shaped workpiece into a plurality of separate tablets includes a chamber defining a cavity, a support assembly received in the cavity, a sandblasting assembly for spraying sand toward the workpiece, a first mask located between the sandblasting assembly and the support assembly, a second mask located between the sandblasting assembly and the support assembly, and a mask switching member for selectively placing the first mask or the second mask over the workpiece. The support assembly is configured for supporting the workpiece and the tablets. The first mask cooperates with the sandblasting assembly to remove unwanted portions of the workpiece thus obtaining a tablet network consisting of a plurality of tablets and a plurality of connecting portions interconnected between the tablets. The second mask cooperates with the sandblasting assembly to remove the connecting portions of the tablet network thus obtaining a plurality of separated tablets.

Abstract: A method for removing a layer made of a first material from a surface of a body made of a second material is disclosed. The body is subjected to a pressurized jet containing a blasting medium composed of particles, where the pressurized jet at least intermittently has an Almen intensity of at most 0.35 Almen A, preferably at most 0.3 Almen A and particularly preferably at most 0.25 Almen A.

Abstract: A sandblasting apparatus includes a processing chamber, a sandblasting nozzle positioned on a top of the processing chamber, a support mechanism, an elevation mechanism, a worktable, and a cutting mechanism. The support mechanism is positioned in the processing chamber and opposite to the sandblasting nozzle. The support mechanism is used for supporting a template with a cutting pattern. The elevation mechanism is positioned on the bottom of the processing chamber. The worktable is located between the support mechanism and the elevation mechanism and configured for supporting a plate for processing and being opposite to the template. The center of worktable defines a through hole matching with the pattern of the template. The cutting mechanism is fixed on the elevation mechanism and faces the through hole. The elevation mechanism drives the cutting mechanism to move toward or away the worktable.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a surface treatment machine that enables the inhibition or reduction of residual abrasives that remain on a workpiece that has been surface treated. An H steel (a workpiece to be treated) 12 is conveyed by means of a conveying device 20. Blasting devices 24A, 24B are then projected abrasives on to the conveying H steel such that it is surface treated. In the downstream of the blasting devices 24A, 24B along the conveying direction, a blowing port 30A of an air blower 30 is located above a conveying path to blow gas to the upper surface 112A of the H steel 12 such that the abrasives on the H steel 12 are blown off and removed therefrom.

Abstract: A fluid jet system providing a hydraulic induction manifold for at least two valves. The manifold is positioned “upstream” of an abrasives holding tank, so that no abrasive material flows through the valves and the manifold. The valves and the manifold provide pressurized fluid for at least two different flows: (1) a primary fluid flow and (2) an abrasive material flow through the abrasives holding tank. The two flows are merged again at a junction to provide a fluid flow having a predetermined abrasive-to-fluid mixture ratio. The manifold balances the pressure of the two different flows using a preset geometric relationship between the two different output flow paths associated with the valves.

Abstract: Provided is a descaling device for effectively removing scale formed on a surface of a hot-rolled steel strip (steel sheet). The descaling device, for example, may be configured to include: a device housing disposed in a feed path of a hot-rolled steel strip, a high-pressure fluid supply unit provided to supply a high-pressure fluid to the device housing, an abrasive input unit provided to introduce an abrasive to the device housing, and an abrasive slurry spraying unit provided in the device housing to spray an abrasive slurry of the high-pressure fluid and the abrasive mixed inside the device housing on the steel strip.

Abstract: The invention is directed toward wet-abrasive blasting systems used for cleaning, preparing surfaces, removing coatings, and other abrasive blasting applications. The wet abrasive basting system has a blast pot that includes a venting system. The venting system may be a self-venting system that allows gases to be vented during charging and prevents gases from accumulating in the blast pot during operation. In wet abrasive blasting systems a slurry is conveyed via a piping system, hoses, etc. to a mixer connected to a source of pressurized gas where slurry and compressed air/gas are combined and directed through the blast hose and blast nozzle.

Abstract: A method for removing ceramic coatings using a special equipment without modifying the characteristics of the substrate such as roughness and thickness and able to prepare the substrate to be recoated with a new ceramic layer, is provided. The removing of the ceramic coating without damaging the substrate characteristics is obtained by a combination of coating/substrate pre-heating by irradiation during or immediately before the stripping and improved solid CO2 blasting equipment and parameters.

Abstract: An apparatus for machining an article (L) in the form of a slab or the like comprises—in addition to a rotary tool (24) associated with a spindle (22)—a nozzle (26) ejecting water at very high pressure. Both the rotary tool and the nozzle are supported by a carriage (20) sliding along a beam (18) in turn sliding along two shoulders (14) in a perpendicular direction. In the working area (12) and above a tank (30) normally filled with water, the article (L) is supported in a horizontal position not only by an interchangeable grid (32; 52), but preferably also by a disposable support (34) which prevent the rotary tool (24) from coming into contact with the grid. The disposable support is periodically replaced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a surface of a titanium-based metal implant intended to be inserted into bone tissue, comprising: (a) projecting particles of aluminum oxide under pressure on the external area of the implant; (b) chemically treating the sandblasted external area of the implant with an acid composition comprising sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid; and (c) thermally treating the sandblasted external area of the implant by heating at a temperature of 200-450° C. for 15-120 min. The invention likewise defines a metal implant having said surface. The surface thus obtained has good micrometer-scale roughness with a suitable morphology, as well as a composition which is virtually free of impurities and a thickness which is approximately three times the thickness of conventional surfaces, which characteristics provide it with very good osseointegration properties.

Abstract: A waterjet assembly for an entrainment waterjet cutting head device comprises a passaged component adapted to be connected to a source of pressurised water and a waterjet nozzle for converting water pressure energy to kinetic energy to form a high velocity waterjet. The waterjet nozzle comprises superhard material and has a contracting bore. The passaged component and the waterjet nozzle are arranged such that pressurised water from the source flows through the passaged component to and through the contracting bore in the waterjet nozzle to generate the high speed waterjet. In use of the waterjet assembly, the outlet face of the passaged component is sealingly forced against the upstream face of the waterjet nozzle.

Abstract: The wind blocker allows the simple and inexpensive manufacture of a wind blocker for the convertible C5 and C6 Corvette which utilizes illuminated text and/or artwork. The design of the wind blocker allows such text or artwork to be quickly and inexpensively applied based on customer requirements. The use of computer aided etching techniques allow the wind blocker to be cost effectively manufactured with custom artwork in quantities as low as one item. This allows the end customer to utilize any artistic design desired to create a completely custom, one-of-a-kind accessory for the customer's C5 or C6 Corvette.

Abstract: The blowdown silencing system includes an initial restrictor in communication with a blast pot vessel for controlling the flow of pressurized air from the vessel into a first expansion chamber. The outlet of the first expansion chamber is in communication with a reducer. The reducer outlet is in communication with a shut-off valve, which may be manually controlled or automatic. The shut-off valve may be upstream or downstream of the reducer. The outlet of the reducer/shut-off valve is introduced into a muffler system which includes an exhaust path and a deflector for absorbing and/or deflecting abrasive particles which may be evacuated from the blast pot vessel during blowdown.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrical component comprising a segment having a diameter in the range of about 1 micrometers to about 10 cm, the segment comprising a plurality of non-metallic, resistive fibers in a non-metallic binder. The segment is precisely trimmed to impart to the segment an electrical resistance within 1% of the desired resistance value. A manufacturing system and methods of manufacturing components having precise specifications also are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool for machining hard materials such as metal-matrix or organic-matrix composite materials, comprising a cylindrical sonotrode (22) connected, along the axis (A) of said cylinder, to an assembly vibrating at a predetermined ultrasonic frequency and rotated about said axis, and at least one nozzle (3), on the surface to be machined and at the terminal end (24) of the sonotrode, for ejecting a liquid in which abrasive particles are suspended, said particles being vibrated at said ultrasonic frequency by the sonotrode so as to form a drilling head along the axis (A) of the cylinder, characterized in that the circumference (23) of the sonotrode is covered with particles of a so-called superhard material in order to form a milling head capable of moving in a plane that is substantially perpendicular to said vibratory axis (A).

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a light guiding panel by means of carving fine engravings on a surface of a transparent substrate by plasting fine particles and an apparatus for the same. A distributed degree of the engravings gradually increases as they become far away from a light source position. The light guiding panel which has been so manufactured does not need a diffusion sheet and has a good brightness uniformity and a good light effectiveness.

Abstract: A method and cleaning solution for cleaning electronic substrates, such as a semiconductor wafers, hard disks, photomasks or imprint molds. The method comprises the steps of contacting a surface of the substrate with a cleaning solution comprised of a polyphosphate, and then removing the cleaning solution from the surface. Additional optional steps include applying acoustic energy to the cleaning solution while the cleaning solution is in contact with the surface, and removing the cleaning solution from the surface by rinsing the surface with a rinsing solution with or without the application of acoustic energy. The cleaning solution comprises a polyphosphate, such as any of the water soluble polyphosphates. Depending on the application, the cleaning solution may also comprise a base and/or a quantity of suspended particles. Complexing agents, amines, biocides, surfactants and/or other substances, may also be added to the cleaning solution.