Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for uplink/downlink scheduling. One apparatus includes a processor and a memory that stores code executable by the processor. The code, in various embodiments, determines an uplink schedule for data to be transmitted from a user equipment. In a further embodiment, the code determines a downlink schedule for data to be provided to the user equipment. The apparatus may include a transmitter that provides an uplink grant message to the user equipment to initiate an uplink transmission based on the uplink schedule. In certain embodiments, the uplink schedule and the downlink schedule are determined without using a predefined split pattern for uplink and downlink transmission.

Abstract: A method of determining at a receiver whether a received signal comprises a pure tone signal component. The method comprises: measuring a received signal over a measurement period; calculating, using maximum likelihood hypothesis testing, a likelihood ratio value for the measured signal and, determining, based on said likelihood ratio value, whether the measured signal comprises a pure tone signal component. The likelihood ratio value is a value indicative of the ratio of a likelihood LFSC that the measured signal comprises a pure tone signal component, and a likelihood LnoFSC that the measured signal does not comprise the pure tone signal component.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (10) has an internal RC-oscillator (20) for providing an internal clock signal (CLI) having an adjustable oscillator frequency. The integrated circuit (10) further comprises terminals (101, 102) for connecting an external LC tank (30) having a resonance frequency and a calibration circuit (40) which is configured to adjust the oscillator frequency based on the resonance frequency of the LC tank (30) connected during operation of the integrated circuit (10). An internal auxiliary oscillator (46) is connected to the terminals (101, 102) in a switchable fashion and is configured to generate an auxiliary clock signal (CLA) based on the resonance frequency. The calibration circuit (40) comprises a frequency comparator (47) which is configured to determine a trimming word (TRW) based on a frequency comparison of the internal clock signal (CLI) and the auxiliary clock signal (CLA). The LC tank (30) to be connected is an antenna for receiving a radio signal.

Abstract: To adjust a tuning frequency without an output being muted while an oscillation frequency is adjusted. A tuning circuit includes a pair of an inductor and a tuning variable capacitor unit, adjusts a tuning frequency by changing a capacitance of the tuning variable capacitor unit, and obtains a tuning signal having a limited band from a received signal. The tuning circuit includes an oscillating inductor that passes a current corresponding to the tuning signal, an oscillating variable capacitor unit that adjusts the oscillation frequency of a system including the oscillating inductor, and a controller that changes a capacitance of the oscillating variable capacitor unit correspondingly to a desired tuning frequency while adjusting the capacitance such that the oscillation frequency corresponds to the desired tuning frequency, and adjusts a capacitance of the tuning variable capacitor unit in accordance with the adjusted capacitance of the oscillating variable capacitor unit.

Abstract: A method may include measuring a frequency difference between an actual frequency and an expected frequency associated with a frequency control calibration signal value for each of a plurality of frequency control calibration signal values during a calibration phase. The method may additionally include generating integral non-linearity compensation values based on the frequency differences measured The method may further include generating the applied frequency control signal based on a frequency control calibration signal value received by the digital-to-analog converter during the calibration phase. The method may also include generating a compensated frequency control signal value based on a frequency control signal value received by the integral non-linearity compensation module and an integral non-linearity compensation value associated with the frequency control signal value during an operation phase of the wireless communication element.

Abstract: Techniques for generating a local oscillator (LO) signal are disclosed. In one design, an apparatus includes an oscillator, a divider, and a phase locked loop (PLL). The oscillator receives a control signal and provides an oscillator signal having a frequency determined by the control signal. The divider receives the oscillator signal and generates multiple divided signals of different phases. The PLL receives a reference signal and a selected divided signal and generates the control signal for the oscillator. The divider is powered on and off periodically and wakes up in one of multiple possible states, with each state being associated with a different phase of the selected divided signal. Phase continuity of the selected divided signal is ensured by using the divider in a feedback loop with the PLL. The PLL locks the selected divided signal to the reference signal, and the selected divided signal has continuous phase due to the reference signal having continuous phase.

Abstract: Described herein is a wireless transceiver and related method that enables ultra low power transmission and reception of wireless communications. In an example embodiment of the wireless transceiver, the wireless transceiver receives a first-reference signal having a first-reference frequency. The wireless transceiver then uses the first-reference signal to injection lock a local oscillator, which provides a set of oscillation signals each having an oscillation frequency that is equal to the first-reference frequency, and each having equally spaced phases. Then the wireless transceiver combines the set of oscillation signals into an output signal having an output frequency that is one of (i) a multiple of the first-reference frequency (in accordance with a transmitter implementation) or (ii) a difference of (a) a second-reference frequency of a second-reference signal and (b) a multiple of the first-reference frequency (in accordance with a receiver implementation).

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer includes a controlled oscillator configured to extend a temperature range and phase noise of the synthesizer without compromising the frequency coverage of the synthesizer. The frequency synthesizer also includes bias generation circuitry that sets a bias current of a charge pump to reduce bandwidth variations of the synthesizer. The frequency synthesizer further includes switching circuitry to dynamically turn a charge pump on and off to reduce effects of current leakage in the charge pump.

Abstract: The present invention relates to automatic gain control methods and apparatus for controlling a signal level of a signal at a predetermined location in a signal path of a receiver chain. An automatic gain controller comprises a local signal modifier device for selecting based on an error signal and an oscillator signal from a plurality of alternative oscillator signals, and for providing the selected oscillator signal to a signal mixer located in the receiver chain upstream of said predetermined location for frequency translation of an input signal to said signal mixer.

Abstract: A gain control circuit adjusts the signal level of a received signal responsive to the bandwidth a received signal and/or the delay spread of the channel in which the signal has propagated. The bandwidth and delay spread are evaluated to estimate the amount of signal variation that is expected due to fast fading. Adjustments to the signal level are then made to avoid clipping while at the same time ensuring that the dynamic range of a receiver component is efficiently utilized.

Abstract: A system includes a first clock module, a global positioning system (GPS) module, a phase-locked loop (PLL) module, a cellular transceiver, and a baseband module. The first clock module generates a first clock reference. The GPS module operates in response to the first clock reference. The WLAN module operates in response to the first clock reference. The PLL module generates a second clock reference by performing automatic frequency correction (AFC) on the first clock reference in response to an AFC signal. The cellular transceiver receives radio frequency signals from a wireless medium and generates baseband signals in response to the received radio frequency signals. The baseband module receives the baseband signals, operates in response to a selected one of the first clock reference and the second clock reference, and generates the AFC signal in response to the baseband signals.

Abstract: A remote antenna unit includes an uplink integrated circuit (IC) and a downlink IC. The uplink IC includes an uplink synthesizer that provides an uplink oscillating signal; an uplink mixer stage that mixes an uplink radio frequency signal with the uplink oscillating signal to produce an uplink intermediate frequency signal; and an uplink control interface that receives uplink commands that control the frequency of the uplink oscillating signal. The downlink IC includes a downlink synthesizer that provides a downlink oscillating signal; a downlink mixer stage that mixes the downlink intermediate frequency signal with a downlink oscillating signal to produce a down link radio frequency signal; a downlink control interface that receives downlink commands that control the frequency of the downlink oscillating signal. The antenna unit also includes a clock that provides a reference frequency to the uplink and downlink synthesizers.

Abstract: An electronic device capable of performing automatic frequency control (AFC) to maintain frequency and timing without good received bursts, in which an oscillation unit and a baseband processing unit are provided. Wherein, the baseband processing unit computes a compensation adjustment according to a prediction model and stored information regarding a previous digital value adjustment when detecting that the baseband processing unit is incapable of controlling the oscillation unit according to received bursts from the remote communication unit, and adjusts the oscillation unit according to the determined compensation adjustment.

Abstract: Digital spur reduction in which spurs are kept outside selected channels of interest, with illustrative embodiments relating to an integrated radiofrequency transceiver circuit having digital and analogue components, the circuit having a radiofrequency signal receiver with a local oscillator signal generator configured to provide a local oscillator signal at a frequency fLO and a mixer configured to combine an input radiofrequency signal with the local oscillator signal to produce an intermediate frequency signal; and a clock signal generator configured to generate a digital clock signal at a frequency fDIG for operation of the digital components, where the local oscillator signal and/or a reference signal from which the local oscillator signal is derived are generated such that digital spurs lie outside a band selected by the receiver.

Abstract: A digital delta sigma modulator includes an input integration stage, a resonating stage, a quantizer, and a plurality of feedback paths operably coupled to the quantizer, the input integration stage, and the resonating stage. The input integration stage is operably coupled to integrate a digital input signal to produce an integrated digital signal, wherein the input integration stage has a pole at substantially zero Hertz. The resonating stage is operably coupled to resonate the integrated digital signal to produce a resonating digital signal, wherein the resonating stage has poles at a frequency above zero Hertz. The quantizer stage is operably coupled to produce a quantized signal from the resonating digital signal.

Abstract: There is provided a signal processing apparatus including an oscillating unit having a division ratio of an integer that performs oscillation at a predetermined oscillation frequency, a frequency transforming unit that transforms a frequency of a signal of a processing target using a signal of the oscillation frequency obtained by the oscillation of the oscillating unit, and a correcting unit that corrects an error of the frequency of the signal of the processing target transformed by the frequency transforming unit based on an error of the oscillation frequency.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method for receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal and mixing the RF signal with a master clock to obtain a mixed signal, cyclically rotating the mixed signal to each of N gain stages for at least one cycle of the master clock, and summing the outputs of the N gain stages to provide an output signal.

Abstract: To adjust a tuning frequency without an output being muted while an oscillation frequency is adjusted. A tuning circuit includes a pair of an inductor and a tuning variable capacitor unit, adjusts a tuning frequency by changing a capacitance of the tuning variable capacitor unit, and obtains a tuning signal having a limited band from a received signal. The tuning circuit includes an oscillating inductor that passes a current corresponding to the tuning signal, an oscillating variable capacitor unit that adjusts the oscillation frequency of a system including the oscillating inductor, and a controller that changes a capacitance of the oscillating variable capacitor unit correspondingly to a desired tuning frequency while adjusting the capacitance such that the oscillation frequency corresponds to the desired tuning frequency, and adjusts a capacitance of the tuning variable capacitor unit in accordance with the adjusted capacitance of the oscillating variable capacitor unit.

Abstract: Techniques for decimating a first periodic signal to generate a second periodic signal. In an exemplary embodiment, the first periodic signal is divided by a configurable integer ratio divider, and the output of the divider is delayed by a configurable fractional delay. The configurable fractional delay may be noise-shaped using, e.g., sigma-delta modulation techniques to spread the quantization noise of the fractional delay over a wide bandwidth. In an exemplary embodiment, the first and second periodic signals may be used to generate the transmit (TX) and receive (RX) local oscillator (LO) signals for a communications transceiver from a single phase-locked loop (PLL) output.

Abstract: A method and device for managing a reference oscillator within a wireless device is presented. The method includes selecting reference oscillator parameters associated with the lowest reference oscillator error, where the selection is based upon reference oscillator parameters derived using different technologies within a wireless device, acquiring a satellite based upon the selected reference parameters, determining the quality of the satellite-based position fix, and updating the reference oscillator parameters based upon the quality of the satellite-based position fix.

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, an oscillator may include a crystal resonator and a squaring circuit coupled to the crystal resonator and configured to convert a sinusoidal signal produced by the crystal resonator to a square-wave signal, the squaring circuit comprising a bias circuit configured to transmit a selected bias voltage for the squaring circuit, the selected bias voltage selected from a plurality of potential bias voltages. In accordance with this and other embodiments of the present disclosure, an oscillator may include a crystal resonator, an inverter coupled in parallel with the crystal resonator, and a programmable voltage regulator coupled to the inverter. The programmable voltage regulator may be configured to supply a first supply voltage to the inverter during a startup duration of the oscillator, and supply a second supply voltage to the inverter after the startup duration, wherein the second supply voltage is lesser than the first supply voltage.

Abstract: A remote antenna unit includes an uplink integrated circuit (IC) and a downlink IC. The uplink IC includes an uplink synthesizer that provides an uplink oscillating signal; an uplink mixer stage that mixes an uplink radio frequency signal with the uplink oscillating signal to produce an uplink intermediate frequency signal; and an uplink control interface that receives uplink commands that control the frequency of the uplink oscillating signal. The downlink IC includes a downlink synthesizer that provides a downlink oscillating signal; a downlink mixer stage that mixes the downlink intermediate frequency signal with a downlink oscillating signal to produce a down link radio frequency signal; a downlink control interface that receives downlink commands that control the frequency of the downlink oscillating signal. The antenna unit also includes a clock that provides a reference frequency to the uplink and downlink synthesizers.

Abstract: A system includes a first clock module, a global positioning system (GPS) module, a phase-locked loop (PLL) module, a cellular transceiver, and a baseband module. The first clock module generates a first clock reference. The GPS module operates in response to the first clock reference. The WLAN module operates in response to the first clock reference. The PLL module generates a second clock reference by performing automatic frequency correction (AFC) on the first clock reference in response to an AFC signal. The cellular transceiver receives radio frequency signals from a wireless medium and generates baseband signals in response to the received radio frequency signals. The baseband module receives the baseband signals, operates in response to a selected one of the first clock reference and the second clock reference, and generates the AFC signal in response to the baseband signals.

Abstract: In an oscillating apparatus, a detection unit detects a frequency offset between an input signal and a reference signal. A code generation unit specifies a relationship among a code having a predetermined number of bits, the frequency offset, and a voltage to be applied to a voltage-controlled oscillator by a DAC, in accordance with a frequency offset detection state of the detection unit. The code generation unit also generates a frequency offset correction code having a predetermined number of bits in accordance with the specified relationship. The DAC applies the voltage to the voltage-controlled oscillator, in accordance with the relationship described above and the code generated by the code generation unit. The voltage controlled oscillator outputs an oscillator signal having an oscillation frequency corresponding to the voltage applied by the DAC.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatuses, systems and methods relating to a mixer having high second- and third-order intercept points are disclosed. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: A method for tuning an oscillator frequency produced in a radio-receiver chain is based on a slope analysis of a residual difference between the oscillator frequency and a carrier frequency of a radio-received signal. Depending on the slope value calculated, a bandwidth of a low-pass time-filtering that is effective for the frequency difference is increased or set back to a default value. The method provides an improved trade-off between tuning precision and dynamic behavior when the frequency difference drifts rapidly.

Abstract: A cellular telephone includes cellular telephone circuitry and an FM receiver. An FM signal being received is downconverted by a mixer. The downconverted signal is processed to generate an FM signal that is supplied to a digital IF filter. If a blocker emitted by the cellular telephone circuitry would interfere with receiving of the FM signal due to interaction of an LO harmonic with the blocker if a conventional LO frequency were used, then a different LO frequency is used. Subsequent processing of the downconverted FM signal (for example, by a digital complex conjugate selector and an IF rotator) results in the signal supplied to the digital IF filter having the same center frequency as the digital IF filter despite the use of the different LO frequency. In some embodiments, the LO is shifted by different amounts depending on cellular telephone mode and on the FM signal.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for frequency selection using microstrip transceivers for high-speed applications may include determining an operating frequency for operating one or both of a transmitter and a receiver. A frequency response and/or impedance of one or more transmission lines that may be utilized by the transmitter and/or the receiver may be controlled by adjusting one or more capacitances, communicatively coupled to the transmission lines based on the determined operating frequency. The capacitances may be coupled to the one or more transmission line at arbitrary physical spots, and may comprise capacitors and/or varactors. The capacitors and/or the varactors may be adjusted with a digital signal or an analog signal. The capacitances may comprise a matrix arrangement of capacitors and/or varactors. The one or more transmission lines may comprise a microstrip.

Abstract: A local oscillator (LO) module comprises a local oscillator and a feedback circuit. The local oscillator, biased at a supply voltage, generates a local oscillator signal having a duty cycle. The feedback circuit makes an absolute adjustment of the duty cycle of the local oscillator signal in response to a difference between a first voltage signal, representing a voltage level of the local oscillator signal, and a second voltage signal, representing a voltage level of a portion of the supply voltage corresponding to a desired duty cycle for the local oscillator signal.

Abstract: A radio broadcast receiver includes a front end unit for tuning by changing a local oscillation frequency; and a control unit for managing by dividing the receiving band into a third frequency domain including a third frequency obtained by subtracting the intermediate frequency from an upper end frequency of the receiving band, a first frequency domain including a first frequency obtained by adding the intermediate frequency to a lower end frequency of the receiving band, and a second frequency domain where the first frequency domain and third frequency domain overlap, and for switching, when tuning is made across the frequency domains, the local oscillation frequency to an upper local oscillation frequency when the tuning frequency is higher than the third frequency by controlling the front end unit, and to a lower local oscillation frequency when it is lower than the first frequency by controlling the front end unit.

Abstract: Receiver architectures and methods of processing harmonic rich input signals employing harmonic suppression mixers are disclosed herein. The disclosed receivers, mixers, and methods enable a receiver to achieve the advantages of switching mixers while greatly reducing the mixer response to the undesired harmonics. A harmonic mixer can include a plurality of mixers coupled to an input signal. A plurality of phases of a local oscillator signal can be generated from a single local oscillator output. Each of the phases can be used to drive an input of one of the mixers. The mixer outputs can be combined to generate a frequency converted output that has harmonic rejection.

Abstract: A system comprises a first clock module configured to generate a first clock reference that is not corrected using automatic frequency correction (AFC). A global position system (GPS) module is configured to receive the first clock reference. An integrated circuit for a cellular transceiver includes a system phase lock loop configured to receive the first clock reference, to perform AFC, and to generate a second clock reference that is AFC corrected.

Abstract: A method and system for conserving battery power in a portable communication device. When a user puts the device into a media player mode such as by invoking a media player application on the device, the device will automatically reduce the extent to which it engages in background wireless transmissions, such as radio link control messaging, presence update messaging, and so forth, to help conserve battery power. In turn, when the device exits the media player mode, the device may then automatically revert to its normal extent of background wireless transmission.

Abstract: An adaptive receiver for receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal and converting the RF signal at an RF frequency FRF toward a low intermediate frequency FIF is disclosed. The adaptive receiver comprises a pair of band pass filters with a nominal center frequency Fc equal to FIF, a look-up table (LUT) configured to estimate a frequency offset ?f, representing the center frequency of the band pass filter due to an operating temperature change and/or process variation, a micro controller configured to estimate the operating center frequency of the band pass filter (=FIF+?f with the frequency offset included) and use this new center frequency as the adaptive intermediate frequency FIF,AD, and a local oscillator generates oscillating signals at a frequency FLO equal to FRF minus FIF,AD. A temperature sensing device may also be included in this adaptive receiver.

Abstract: A radio broadcast receiver includes a front end unit for tuning by changing a local oscillation frequency; and a control unit for managing by dividing the receiving band into a third frequency domain including a third frequency obtained by subtracting the intermediate frequency from an upper end frequency of the receiving band, a first frequency domain including a first frequency obtained by adding the intermediate frequency to a lower end frequency of the receiving band, and a second frequency domain where the first frequency domain and third frequency domain overlap, and for switching, when tuning is made across the frequency domains, the local oscillation frequency to an upper local oscillation frequency when the tuning frequency is higher than the third frequency by controlling the front end unit, and to a lower local oscillation frequency when it is lower than the first frequency by controlling the front end unit.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus includes: a demodulating unit which demodulates an IF signal obtained by subjecting a received RF signal to frequency conversion; a detecting unit which detects a carrier wave frequency error contained in the IF signal; a frequency control unit which sets an initial value of a frequency in the demodulation process by the demodulating unit and for correcting a frequency error of a frequency used for the demodulation process by the demodulating unit based on the carrier wave frequency error detected by the detecting unit; and a control unit which controls a setting of an initial value of a frequency in the demodulation process by the demodulating unit by means of the frequency control unit after a receiving channel is switched, based on the carrier wave frequency error before a receiving channel is switched, the error being detected by the detecting unit, when a receiving channel is switched.

Abstract: A local oscillator includes a phase-locked loop. The phase-locked loop includes voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and a novel VCO control circuit. The VCO control circuit may be programmable and configurable. In one example, an instruction is received onto the VCO control circuit to change the power state of the VCO. The instruction is issued by other circuitry in response to a detected change in RF channel conditions (for example, a change in a signal-to-noise determination) in a cellular telephone. In response, the VCO control circuit outputs control signals that gradually widen the loop bandwidth of the PLL, then gradually change the VCO bias current to change the VCO power state, and then narrow the loop bandwidth of the PLL back to its original bandwidth. The entire process of widening the PLL bandwidth, changing the VCO power state, and narrowing the PLL bandwidth occurs while the PLL remains locked.

Abstract: In a radio communication station having N antennas an antenna diversity system and a gain controllable amplifier the gain of the gain controllable amplifier is set by using a first antenna, the signal levels of signals received at the antennas is measured, a group of antennas is determined having a signal level which exceeds the signal level of the first antenna by no more than a predetermined value (X), and out of said group of antennas the antenna with the highest signal level is selected out or the first antenna is selected out if said group is empty.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention may provide for reducing interference in the front-end of a communications receiver. The cancellation circuitry may be utilized in conjunction with a preliminary rejection filter for improved rejection of out-of-band interference from other radio services or circuitry. The cancellation circuit may be placed in parallel with the preliminary rejection filter and may enhance suppression at the interference frequency by matching the gain and phase of the preliminary rejection filter prior to subtracting the matched signal from the preliminary rejection filter output. The cancellation circuit need not necessary know beforehand the characteristics of the preliminary rejection filter, the interference source, or the coupling mechanism, as it may adapt to unknown or varying interferers by adapting the matching gain and phase values based on the output of the preliminary rejection filter at tap points occurring both before and after application of the cancellation signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically correcting the frequency of a local oscillator of a receiver. A primary common pilot channel (CPICH) code sequence is generated by a CPICH code generator based on a reference cell identification signal and a frame start signal. The received despread CPICH code sequence is used to generate an estimated frequency error signal. A control voltage signal is generated by a control voltage generator based on the estimated frequency error signal. The CPICH code generator generates the CPICH code sequence based on signals received from a high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) serving cell when HSDPA is active, or a timing reference cell when HSDPA is not active. The present invention achieves full maximum ratio combining gain when space time transmit diversity (STTD) is used, even without receiving a transmit diversity indication.

Abstract: The invention proposes an LNB using two transposition frequencies chosen on either side of the reception band so as to obtain a transposition of supradyne type and a transposition of infradyne type according to the frequency used. This choice of transposition frequencies makes it possible to have an overlap zone in the middle of the reception band which is transposed with the aid of the two oscillation frequencies but at different frequencies. This makes it possible to choose between the two transpositions in the case where the frequency transposed with the aid of an oscillator corresponds to a particularly noisy frequency.

Abstract: Fractional carrier frequency offset estimators and related methods are disclosed. The invention may be particularly applied in WiMAX systems. The disclosed method of estimating fractional carrier frequency offset between a transmitter and a receiver includes calculating a first delay correlation based on a first and a second preamble repetitions included in a received signal, processing the phase of the first delay correlation to compensate for a phase rotation of the first delay correlation, and estimating the fractional carrier frequency offset by multiplying a processed phase value, generated after the step of processing the phase of the first delay correlation, by a predetermined value.

Abstract: A single chip radio transceiver includes circuitry that enables received wideband RF signals to be down converted to base band frequencies and base band signals to be up converted to wideband RF signals prior to transmission without requiring conversion to an intermediate frequency. The circuitry includes a low noise amplifier, automatic frequency control circuitry for aligning the LO frequency with the frequency of the received RF signals, signal power measuring circuitry for measuring the signal to signal and power ratio and for adjusting frontal and rear amplification stages accordingly, and finally, filtering circuitry to filter high and low frequency interfering signals including DC offset.

Abstract: A digital demodulator includes a resonator having a resonance frequency same as a carrier frequency to store a charge corresponding to a digital signal modulated by phase shift keying, a capacitor to store the charge of the resonator, an amplifier including an input node and an output node between which the capacitor is connected to convert a stored charge of the capacitor into a voltage signal, and a controller configured to accumulate in the resonator the charge induced by the frequency signal modulated by phase shift keying in a first control mode and configured to transfer the charge of the resonator to the capacitor in a second control mode, to output the voltage signal corresponding to the stored charge of the capacitor from the output node of the amplifier.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method and apparatus for automatic frequency correction of a local oscillator. The apparatus receives a carrier signal. The carrier signal includes a code sequence known to the apparatus. The apparatus downconverts the carrier signal to a baseband signal using the local oscillator. The apparatus performs a block correlation of the samples of the baseband signal with the known code sequence to generate a frequency error signal. The frequency error signal is fed back to the local oscillator to correct the frequency error.

Abstract: A fast switching, dual frequency phase locked loop comprising dual phase/frequency detectors, dual charge pumps, a pair of loop filters, and a low leakage voltage controlled oscillator. Each phase/frequency detector and associated tuning ports of the voltage controlled oscillator can be activated and deactivated separately without disturbing the charge on the loop filters.

Abstract: A device for transmitting and receiving is disclosed that includes: a) an antenna, b) a transmitting/receiving unit for transmitting and receiving data according to a communications standard, which has a transmitting unit, connected to the antenna, for transmitting first data frames to a second transmitting/receiving device and a receiving unit, connected to the antenna, for receiving second data frames from the second transmitting/receiving device, and c) a control unit, connected to the transmitting/receiving unit for controlling the transmitting/receiving unit, whereby the control unit is designed (c1) to instruct the transmitting/receiving unit to transmit a first data frame and (c2) to receive the second data frame from the transmitting/receiving unit.

Abstract: The radio receiver includes: a mixer configured to convert a received signal to an IF signal using a local oscillation signal; an IF processing section configured to limit the band of the IF signal; a detection section configured to demodulate the band-limited IF signal; a frequency control section configured to output a frequency control signal corresponding to a desired signal; and a local oscillation section configured to generate the local oscillation signal having a frequency corresponding to the desired signal according to the frequency control signal. The frequency control section outputs as the frequency control signal to change the frequency of the local oscillation signal so that the difference from the frequency corresponding to the desired signal is not more than the frequency of the IF signal, and determines one of the set values with which the corresponding image signal strength is lowest as the frequency control signal.

Abstract: A calibration circuit for calibrating an output level of a demodulator includes a test signal generator, an RSSI module and a calibration module. The test signal generator generates a test signal, and the RSSI module detects the test signal to generate a control signal, wherein the control signal controls the demodulator to process the test signal to generate a determined output signal. The calibration module then calibrates the RSSI module according to the output signal in order to calibrate the output level of the demodulator. When the control signal is utilized to selectively enable or disable a soft-mute function of the demodulator, the calibration module can be utilized to calibrate or determine the soft-mute function of the demodulator.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for tracking a desired signal by sequentially tracking the desired signal with a variable integration time, performing automatic frequency control of the desired signal, and demodulating the desired signal using offline software. In one aspect, the automatic frequency control is performed using the offline software. In one aspect, the desired signal is from a GPS satellite.