Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media, for facilitating selection of networks are provided. In some embodiments, the method includes receiving at a user device a first signal via a first channel of a MIMO-enabled network and a second signal via a second channel of the MIMO-enabled network. A first power associated with the first signal and a second power associated with the second signal are identified. The first power associated with the first channel and the second power associated with the second channel are used to determine an undesired connection of the user device with the MIMO-enabled network.

Abstract: Techniques for transmit power control for multiple antenna transmissions in an uplink are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) generates at least one input stream for transmission and applies a gain factor to each channel. The gain factor is determined based on a reference channel power estimate. The WTRU generates at least two data streams from the input stream for transmission via a plurality of antennas and applies weights to the data streams. The gain factor and/or the weights are controlled such that a transmit power on each antenna is within a maximum allowed value. The WTRU may perform power scaling on a condition that a transmit power on any antenna exceeds the maximum allowed value. The WTRU may scale down an enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH) dedicated physical data channel (E-DPDCH) first before other channels. For multiple E-DCH streams, the WTRU may calculate an E-DPDCH power offset based on an additional power offset factor due to multiple stream transmission.

Abstract: Mobile systems and methods that overcomes the deficiencies of prior art speech-based interfaces for telematics applications through the use of a complete speech-based information query, retrieval, presentation and local or remote command environment. This environment makes significant use of context, prior information, domain knowledge, and user specific profile data to achieve a natural environment for one or more users making queries or commands in multiple domains. Through this integrated approach, a complete speech-based natural language query and response environment can be created. The invention creates, stores and uses extensive personal profile information for each user, thereby improving the reliability of determining the context and presenting the expected results for a particular question or command. The invention may organize domain specific behavior and information into agents, that are distributable or updateable over a wide area network.

Abstract: A method for determining data enabling a plurality of secondary base stations to time their transmissions to a mobile station within a timing range. The mobile station obtains time delays of transmissions from each of the secondary base stations in reaching the mobile station, and determines time delay differences between the time delays and a reference time delay associated with a primary base station. The mobile station transmits the time delay differences to the plurality of secondary base stations. Each secondary base station receives the difference between its own transmission time delay and the reference time delay, compares the difference with a time range, and corrects the timing of its transmissions if the difference is outside of the time range.

Abstract: A method includes receiving in a mobile communication terminal signals from multiple cells that coordinate transmission of the signals with one another in a Cooperative Multipoint (CoMP) scheme. At least first and second Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs), for respective communication channels over which the signals are received, are calculated in the terminal based on the received signals. The second CQI is differentially encoded relative to the first CQI. Feedback information, including the first CQI and the differentially-encoded second CQI, is transmitted from the terminal.

Abstract: Embodiments of techniques and systems for distance and location estimation in wireless systems are described. In embodiments, a wireless device may receive wireless signals from reference points in a spatial arrangement. The wireless device may identify a closest reference point and generate arrangement-based distance values for each of the reference points based on a propagation model. The wireless device may adjust the propagation model based on the received wireless signals and the arrangement-based distance values, and may generate adjusted distance values using the adjusted propagation model. The wireless device may use the adjusted distance values and the spatial arrangement to estimate the location of the wireless device. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: Technology for establishing a device to device (D2D) connection is disclosed. One device comprises a UE that includes a proximity discovery module configured to receive discovery information from at least one of a wireless wide area network (WWAN) and a wireless local area network (WLAN) to assist in establishing a D2D communication channel with at least one additional UE. A D2D communication module is configured to establish the D2D communication channel between the UE and the at least one additional UE using the discovery information. The D2D communication channel is established in a licensed radio frequency band and is managed by the WWAN.

Abstract: A cluster of communications platforms can comprise a master platform and support platforms. The master platform can partition a data block into data partitions and transmit the data partitions via a short range transmitter to the support platforms. Each support platform can include a high power storage device for powering long range burst transmissions of a subset of the data partitions to a distant receiver. Burst transmissions of data partitions by the same support platform can be separated by a charging time period that allows a high power storage device in the support platform to charge from a relatively low average power Pa a relatively high power burst PB that is sufficient to transmit one of the data partitions to a distant receiver.

Abstract: Embodiments describe arrangements related to offload scanning of large scan lists. Embodiments may comprise logic such as hardware and/or code to facilitate offloading of the scans of large scan lists, e.g., lists on the order of thousands of networks or access points for networks, to network adapters such as wireless network interface cards. Many embodiments provide a network adapter with a compressed representation of a large scan list that may not fit uncompressed in memory of the network adapter. In some embodiments, the compressed representation of the scan list may be lossy, introducing balances related to the memory size on the network adapter, the extent of compression, and the list size, as well as a balance between the memory size and a probability of false positives. In many embodiments, the network adapter may wake the host device upon identifying a network on a scan list.

Abstract: Systems and methods associated with an intercom system for a drive-through, quick service restaurant facility is disclosed. Generally, a plurality of headsets is configured for communication with a base station. A speaker is associated with the drive-through facility is configured to be located near a menu board, and is configured for communication with the base station. A microphone is also configured to be located near the menu board and configured for communication with the base station. A plurality of parameters control the configuration of the intercom system, and the base station is connectable to a wide area communication network to enable remote adjustment of the plurality of parameters.

Abstract: A method of operating a network element of a wireless communication network is provided, wherein the network element is capable of communicating with a user equipment via at least two different communication technologies. The method includes communicating data between the user equipment and the network element by using a first communication technology and communicating the data between the network element and a further network element by using a second communication technology different from the first communication technology.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a receiver receiving wireless transmission of a real radio system from at least one base station of a radio system as a function of reception direction. The transmission comprises predetermined data. The apparatus comprises also a processing unit that forms taps of a delay profile on the basis of comparison between the data that is received and corresponding predetermined data. The processing unit estimates direction for the taps of the delay profile on the basis of a reception direction of the transmission, and forms radio channel data by associating the taps of the delay profile with the estimated direction. The radio channel data is for a radio channel model of a MIMO emulation in an OTA chamber having a plurality of antennas around a test zone where a device-under-test may be placed.

Abstract: A method of determining communication resource availability within range of a user-centric mobile network is disclosed. In one embodiment the method comprises discovering communication resources within range of the user-centric mobile network, the communication resources including unique resource identifiers, and transmitting the unique resource identifiers and a user identifier to a server that is accessible from outside the user-centric mobile network. The communication resources may have associated therewith an available service and a current status and the method may further comprise transmitting available service information and current status information to the server. Also disclosed is a service discovery device for use in implementing the method.

Abstract: A method is provided for automatically providing remote services for a mobile device having an established relationship with a server of a home network. After the relationship between the mobile device and the server has been set-up and the device detects a local network that is separate and remote from the home network, a connection is automatically established between the mobile device and a local network. The device then automatically establishes an Internet connection with the server through the local network, and transmits to the server information that was stored in the mobile device when the relationship was established. In response to the server recognizing the device through the transmitted information, the server automatically activates at least one service to initiate a transfer data, such as uploading images between the device and the server through the local network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for acquiring radio measurements in a mobile communication system. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of.—within a serving cell (A) operated by a radio access node (eNBA) and serving a particular user equipment (UEX), sending measurement control information (meas_ctrl_info) from said radio access node to said particular user equipment whereby said particular user equipment is configured to perform radio measurements,—within a further serving cell (B) operated by a further radio access node (eNBB) and subsequently serving said particular user equipment, sending a measurement report (meas_report) from said particular user equipment to said further radio access node comprising measurement data (meas_data) as configured by said serving cell and a cell identifier (PCIA) of said serving cell,—transferring said measurement data from said further radio access node back to said radio access node.

Abstract: A base station broadcasts a message saying that transmittable ranging codes are limited by antenna IDs to limit antennas and the ranging codes to be searched, thereby reducing a processing load of the search. In a cellular radio communication system in which a base station device is connected to plural antennas, and antenna IDs for identifying the antennas are transmitted from the respective antennas, the base station device broadcasts a message saying that a group of ranging codes transmittable by a terminal device is limited by the antenna IDs, the terminal device receives the message, identifies the antenna ID, selects the ranging code from the group of the ranging codes corresponding to the antenna ID, and transmits the selected ranging code.

Abstract: A method of handling a plurality of time offsets between a communication device of a wireless communication system and a plurality of transmission points of the wireless communication system is disclosed. The method is utilized in the communication device, and comprises obtaining the plurality of time offsets by using a first reference signal; and transmitting the plurality of time offsets to the plurality of transmission points, respectively; wherein the plurality of transmission points compensate the plurality of time offsets, respectively, when communicating with the communication device.

Abstract: A wireless network allocates uplink resources to wireless communication devices (WCDs) based on power headroom reports, with more resources being allocated to WCDs reporting greater power headrooms. Each WCD may determine a respective power headroom as a difference between its maximum transmit power and a transmit power requirement for its current uplink resource allocation. However, a WCD may report an adjusted power headroom that is obtained, for example, by decreasing its respective power headroom by an adjustment value. The WCD may then receive an uplink resource allocation that is based on the adjusted power headroom that it reported. The adjustment value could be based on a priority level of the WCD, a priority level of data to be transmitted by the WCD, and/or an instruction from the wireless network. In one example, basic-priority WCDs report adjusted power headrooms so that more uplink resources are available for high-priority WCDs.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a source MS, determining initiation of M2M communication or receiving a request for initiating M2M communication from a BS, receives a reference signal for channel quality measurement of a neighboring MS, and the channel quality of the source MS and the neighboring MS is measured by using the reference signal; and information representing the channel quality is transmitted to the BS. Or, the neighboring MS receives a reference signal for channel quality measurement transmitted by the source MS, a channel quality of the source MS and the neighboring MS is measured by using the reference signal, and information representing the channel quality is transmitted to the BS. The BS determines a partner MS for M2M communication with the MS on the basis of a channel quality between the source MS and the neighboring MS.

Abstract: An updated group alias, based on one or more of a location, function, and purpose of a group, is transmitted to a subscriber unit (SU) and displayed at the SU, in place of a previously provisioned group ID or group alias associated with the group, during communications with, or when the SU is tuned to, the group. An incident ID, associated with one or more groups and identifying an incident, is received and stored at a SU. The SU embeds the stored incident ID in all future communications with the one or more groups and, upon request, scans a set of groups and/or channels for communications having the incident ID embedded therein. An incident ID alias described one or more of a name, location, function, or purpose of the incident, may also be received and associated with the incident ID.

Abstract: A method for facilitating a sequenced, anonymous communications session in a communications environment is provided in one example that includes receiving, from a first endpoint, an anonymous, sequenced request for a communication session involving a second endpoint. The communication session is sequenced to occur at designated periods provided by the end user(s) and/or an administrator, while maintaining end user(s) anonymity.

Abstract: Characterization and enhancement of a mobile local scattering environment. The system includes a channel component and a link control component, wherein the channel component facilitates communication of a ping signal, which is used to estimate the delay spread characteristics and/or angle of arrival in order to characterize the mobile local scattering environment. This information is sent to the link control component, which enhances radio link performance based on the received information. The system can be used to assist in E-911 location applications, such as determining the location of an indoor user.

Abstract: A wireless communication device with MIMO function conforming to a predetermined wireless standard and communication terminals that communicate with a base station incorporating MIMO function includes a master communication terminal which is any one of the plurality of communication terminals and a slave communication terminal which is connected to the master communication terminal via a predetermined connection element and is one or more communication terminals other than the master communication terminal among the plurality of communication terminals. A configuration in which a part of or all signal processing functions that relate to transmission and reception of one or more antennas incorporated in one or more slave communication terminals can be controlled from the master communication terminal is used.

Abstract: There are provided measures for terminal mobility state detection. Such measures may exemplarily include acquiring a statistical metric of measurements of a signal strength of a terminal with unknown speed over a predetermined time period, comparing the acquired statistical metric with mobility patterns stored in a database, each of said mobility patterns exhibiting a relationship between previously acquired statistical metrics of signal strength measurements of terminals with a specific terminal speed class, and determining a terminal speed class of the terminal according to a best match between the acquired statistical metric and the mobility patterns on the basis of the comparison.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided that include deploying a femto node in a wireless network. The femto node can measure received signal quality upon initialization in a wireless network and/or according to a timing. The femto node can determine whether to communicate in the wireless network based on comparing the received signal quality to a threshold signal quality. The timing can be determined based on various factors to ensure fairness among femto nodes initializing in the wireless network. A centralized entity can be used to determine the timing and/or whether a femto node should communicate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for a first station (STA) comprising: obtaining available channel information by accessing a database that manages the available channel information within the white space band, and transmitting a white space map (WSM) generated according to the available channel information to a second STA, the WSM includes a channel map field having a variable length, a length field including the length of the channel map field, and map ID information indicating a type of the WSM and whether the WSM being updated; and if the available channel information obtained from the DB indicates that no available channel exists within the white space band, a map ID is set to indicate that the WSM is the updated WSM, and the first STA transmits the WSM which is set as the length field to indicate that the length of the channel map field is 0.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, a device, and a system for determining timing advance grouping, and relate to the field of communications. A base station (eNodeB) adds a component carrier (CC) for a user equipment (UE). According to obtained timing advance (TA) group information or a preset rule, a TA group that the added CC belongs to is determined. The TA group is a set of CCs that can share a TA. Identification information that identifies the TA group to the UE is sent.

Abstract: An Optimized Streetlight Operation (OSLO) system that utilizes a cellular network overlay to broadcast control commands issued by a centralized Streetlight Operation Center (SOC) to RF control modules mounted on each streetlight pole. The cellular network may be a CDMA network utilizing Short Message Service-Broadcast (SMS-B) messaging. When a Mobile Telephone Exchange/Mobile Switching Center (MTX/MSC) receives a SOC control command from the SOC, the MTX/MSC causes a plurality of BSs to broadcast the SOC command in the network operating area a defined number of times. Each RF control module that successfully receives the broadcast SOC control command, performs actions to control operation of the module's associated streetlight, and transmits a confirmation message to the module's serving BS indicating the SOC command was received. The modules are configured to stagger transmission of the confirmation messages over a period of time to reduce a peak load imposed on the cellular network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for parameter (e.g., timing) adjustment in a wireless network. In one embodiment, the timing adjustment includes detection and compensation for one or more missed adjustment messages. In one variant, for certain designated events, a client device may ignore a timer expiration, and apply a previously stored timing advance (TA) command. For example, a user equipment (UE) will determine if a TA command has been missed during a measurement gap interval (such as e.g., to perform measurements on an unsynchronized network), and reuse the previous TA command value. Reusing the TA command value introduces negligible error, which can be corrected in existing error correction capabilities (e.g., OFDM cyclic prefixes, etc.).

Abstract: A precoding weight generation method involves generating a channel matrix having channel state information transmitted as feedback from mobile stations undergoing spatial multiplexing for each cell that base stations manage, and generating precoding weights. When data transmission is targeted for a first mobile station that transmits the channel state information as feedback as well as transmits the channel state information to a weight generation target cell that is a target for generation of precoding weights, precoding weights are generated so as not to suppress interference on a second mobile station that transmits the channel state information as feedback as well as transmits the channel state information to the weight generation target cell, while suppressing interference on a third mobile station that does not transmit the channel state information as feedback except to the weight generation target cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optimizing transmission performance of a mobile terminal by adjusting a matching value of the transmitter of the mobile terminal based on the allocation information from the network are provided. The transmission performance optimization method of a mobile terminal according to the present invention includes acquiring allocation information from a network, searching for a group of information matching the allocation information from a predetermined mapping table, generating a control signal for adjusting a match value according to the group, and adjusting the matching value of a transmitter of the mobile terminal by changing impedance according to the control signal.

Abstract: Each of a first transmitter and a second transmitter uses a rate split scheme. Each of the first transmitter and the second transmitter may transmit at least four sub-messages, and different transmission powers may be allocated to the at least four sub-messages. Also, each of receivers may cooperate with each other, may share sub-messages that act as interferences, and may extract desired messages using the shared sub-messages.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for communicating physical cell identifier information to mobile stations. In one embodiment, a method includes detecting a need to change a physical cell identifier associated with a cell in a telecommunication network used for serving the mobile station. The method also includes communicating physical cell identifier information to the mobile station based on the detected need to change the physical cell identifier. The method includes employing another physical cell identifier associated with the cell based on the communicated physical cell identifier information. The physical cell identifier information is communicated in one or more modification periods such that said another physical cell identifier is employed by the base station and the mobile station at a boundary of one of the modification periods. Moreover, the method includes continue serving the mobile station based on the employed said another physical cell identifier.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a mobile handheld multi-media gateway and phone. Various aspects of the present invention may comprise a first communication interface module that is adapted to communicatively couple the mobile telephone to a mobile telephone communication network. A second communication interface module may be adapted to communicatively couple the mobile telephone to a computer communication network. At least one module may utilize the second communication interface module to communicate with the computer communication network to establish an independent network presence for the mobile telephone on the computer communication network. The mobile telephone may, for example, be established as an autonomous addressable device on the computer communication network.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling uplink transmit power in a mobile communication system. A mobile communication includes a first base station and a second base station which are located in two mutually adjacent cells, respectively, at least one base station of the first and second base stations which generate a subframe offset of transmit power (SOTP), and transmits a subframe offset of transmit power generated by at least one base station of the first and second base stations to at least one terminal which belongs to a corresponding cell. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce signaling times for transmit power control, and to accurately control transmit power.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and device for sending MBMS traffic data based on MBMS Cell Group, the method comprises the following steps: channel coding and modulating said MBMS traffic data; determining said MBMS cell group-specific scrambling code; determining said MBMS cell-specific scrambling code; scrambling said MBMS traffic data with said MBMS cell group-specific scrambling code, and adding reference signal scrambled with said MBMS cell group-specific scrambling code and reference signal scrambled with said MBMS cell-specific scrambling code; and sending scrambled MBMS reference signal and data. With the method and the corresponding device provided by the invention, it is easy to realize RF combining or RF combining and soft combining simultaneously at UE to obtain diversity gain.

Abstract: A method and system for obtaining an available white space channel for wireless communication using a white space device (WSD) are described. The WSD scans signals of TV transmitters, determines the received signal strength (RSSI) for those signals, and records TV data, including TV designations and corresponding RSSIs, for signals that exceed a predetermined threshold. The WSD sends TV data for at least three TV transmitters to an enhanced TV white space database (EnTVDB). The EnTVDB uses the TV data and information in its database to determine the geo-coordinates of the WSD. The EnTVDB uses the geo-coordinates of the WSD to identify available white space. The EnTVDB sends at least one channel of available white space to the white space device for its wireless communication.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and computer program products facilitate resource allocation to entities within a wireless communication network. Interference values are determined in the presence of entities that may or may not be controlled by the wireless communication network. Based on the determined interference values and associated statistics, throughputs associated with the user equipment within the wireless communication network are modified. These modifications enable an increase or decrease in the throughput of the user equipment, which optimizes the aggregate throughput of the wireless communication network while maintaining the interference levels within target levels.

Abstract: Wireless communication methods determine a position of a first wireless base station. A wireless communication frequency to be used by the first wireless base station is determined by identifying a common frequency that can be used at a plurality of locations surrounding and spaced apart from the position of the first wireless base station that was determined. The first wireless base station may be a femto-base station and the frequency may be an unlicensed frequency. Related systems and devices are also described.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for reducing time to receive a call failure indication in a wireless communications system are provided. A request to initiate a call with a target user equipment (UE) is received from an originating UE. A call setup message that corresponds to the request is sent to a network node, and an internet control message protocol (ICMP) message indicative of the network node lacking a dedicated bearer to a radio access network that corresponds to the target UE can be received in response to the request. Based on the ICMP message, a status failure message is sent to the originating UE indicating failure of the call.

Abstract: An example portable information terminal has a used and an unused state and includes a wireless communication module configured to search for a predetermined access point at least when the portable information terminal operates in the unused state and a processor configured to, when the predetermined access point is detected, connect to the predetermined access point and perform a data communication process.

Abstract: A method of expediting resource negotiation in a modified Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) reduces the number of messages exchanged for resource negotiation, thereby reducing the latencies involved in session setup. The method entails sending an INVITE message having a modified SIP header containing an indication that the originator's terminal seeks a fast session setup. The INVITE message further contains a list of all codecs available at the originator's terminal and how many each type of media component are required. These codecs can be provided in an order of preference. The answerer selects the codecs for the requested media types from the list of available codecs without engaging in a back-and-forth resource negotiation for the codecs. The result is that the session can be set up with fewer messages which provides quicker session setup than in the prior art.

Abstract: A method and system for handover of a User Equipment (UE) from a source packet system to a target packet system in a packet switched domain of a wireless communications network while transferring the UE to a circuit switched domain. The target packet system includes a radio access network portion and a first core network portion. The circuit switched domain includes a second radio access network portion and a second core network portion. The UE performs an attachment/registration/update procedure towards the second core network portion and/or a signaling connection establishment before the handover between the source packet system and the target packet system is executed.

Abstract: To select a shoulder-tap method or a set of methods that optimizes the delivery of a shoulder-tap with respect to feasibility, reliability, and cost, in accordance with the present invention. Each shoulder-tap method can be evaluated on its feasibility, reliability and cost. A shoulder-tap method can be selected and used that optimizes reliability and cost with respect to feasibility constraints.

Abstract: A method for improving ACK/NACK bundling in a user equipment (UE) of a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method includes steps of receiving an uplink grant allocated to an uplink sub-frame, the sub-frame being utilized for transmitting an HARQ feedback corresponding to a plurality of downlink sub-frame, a TDD UL/DL configuration of the UE being set to 0; and determining whether the UE misses any downlink assignment is missing according to a downlink assignment index (DAI) carried in a latest received Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for downlink assignment.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for measuring, on a per-QoS-class basis, the average number of user devices active on the uplink of a wireless communication system are disclosed. In an exemplary method, a number of mobile terminals with buffered data for transmission to a base station is estimated based on received buffer status reports. An estimated quantity of active mobile terminals is calculated, based on the received buffer status reports and a number of mobile terminals for which a semi-persistent scheduling grant has been granted. In some embodiments, the estimated quantity of active mobile terminals is estimated on a per-traffic-class basis, in which case the technique includes calculating first and second estimated quantities, corresponding to mobile terminals having active data bearers for first and second traffic classes, respectively, based on the received buffer status reports and the number of mobile terminals for which a semi-persistent scheduling grant has been granted.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate configuring a sounding reference signal transmission in a wireless communication environment. A UE can employ coordinated multi-point transmission and/or reception such that multiple cells collaborate to transmit data to the UE and/or receive data from the UE. To support the coordinated multi-point transmission and/or reception, the UE can transmit a sounding reference signal that is configured to enable reliable reception of the sounding reference signal by members of a cooperating set. In addition, configuration of the sounding reference signal can be coordinated to enable more efficient transmission and utilization of the sounding reference signal. Configuration of the sounding reference signal can be based upon information exchanged between the multiple cells. Moreover, the multiple cells can coordinate to set and control a transmit power of the sounding reference signal.

Abstract: A multicell access method using beamforming in a wireless communication system is provided. In the method for operating a terminal, an access procedure for accessing a first base station using a first antenna and accessing a second base station using a second antenna is performed. Communication with the first base station is performed using the first antenna. Communication with the second base station is performed using the second antenna.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of a method for interference suppression in radio-over-fiber communication systems, the method uses a mode selection module to continuously update real time information of at least two mobile stations and determine to enter a cross mode or a single mode. In the single mode, when a mobile station approaches a switching point, a single mode command is issued to control at least one first specific remote antenna unit (RAU). In the cross mode, when an immediate cross condition is a new cross condition, a new cross mode table is generated, and when the position of any one mobile station of the at least two mobile stations cross a threshold, a cross mode command is issued to control at least one second specific RAU according to a corresponding cross mode table.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a server obtains a user-specified mixing preference (USMP) for an access terminal (AT) in a communication group that is different than a default mixing rule for the group communication session. The server grants non-exclusive floors to a subset of ATs in the communication group, receives media frames from each AT in the subset and generates an output frame by selectively mixing the received media frames based on the USMP, after which the output frame is sent to the AT. In another embodiment, the AT obtains the USMP and receives unmixed versions of the media frames and then selectively mixes the received media frames at the AT based on the USMP. In another embodiment, an AT detects speech and requests the floor, and the AT buffers speech while waiting for the floor request to be granted.