Abstract: An object of the invention is to prevent ink becoming mixed with paper particles from adhering to and accumulating on edge portions of an inking roller for use in printing presses. The inking roller 5 is coated with a nonadhesive agent, which prevents ink or the like becoming mixed with paper particles from adhering, over an edge portion 5a between an outer peripheral surface of the roller and each of end faces thereof, an end portion of the outer peripheral surface continuous with the edge portion 5a and at least a portion of the end face toward the outer peripheral surface, and is thereby formed with a nonadhesive layer 27.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cross-linked polymer fuser member substrate that has been primed with a primer dissolved in a theta solvent. The substrate is contacted with the theta solvent in which the primer is dissolved. The solvent and the dissolved primer penetrate the cross-linked polymer network and cause it to swell. The solvent is removed such that the primer remains in the interstices and on the surface of the cross-linked polymer substrate.

Abstract: A charging roll which is held in rolling contact with a photosensitive drum for charging the photosensitive drum. The charging roll includes an outermost layer formed of a resin composition containing a grafted carbon as an electrically conductive agent. The grafted carbon includes a carbon black and a polymer which is grafted on the carbon black so as to cover a surface of the carbon black.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods of coating donor members with waterbome coatings, wherein a resin, a pigment, and water are combined in proportions effective to provide a donor member precursor composition; the donor member precursor composition is subjected to high pressure communition to provide a donor member conductive coating composition; and the donor member coating composition is coated onto a substrate. The present method advantageously provides a donor member coating which is substantially free of air pockets or defects. In preferred embodiments the resin is a phenolic resin, preferably a waterborne phenolic resin, such as a phenol-formaldehyde resole, and in other preferred embodiments the pigment is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, magnetite, nigrosine, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low tacky, conductive, soft urethane roller for use in a printer. The roller includes a metal salt evenly or homogeneously distributed in a copolymer formed of a diisocyanate, a reactive silicone containing an amine group; and a polyol or a polyamine. The roller can also have a volume resistivity of between about 1E5 ohm-cm and about 5E10 ohm-cm, and includes a metal salt solution in a copolymer formed of a diisocyanate, a reactive silicone containing a hydroxyl group and/or an amine group; and a polyol and/or a polyamine.

Abstract: A conductive roller for use in a laser printer includes a solid, thermoset urethane comprising a metal salt and having a hardness of between 30 Shore A and 50 Shore A on cube and a volume resistivity of 1E6 ohm-cm and 9E8 ohm-cm.

Abstract: A roll for smoothing a web and a method of making the roll. The roll includes a roll core having an outer surface, and a covering layer disposed on the outer surface of the roll core, the covering layer having an inner surface, an outer surface, and a radial thickness. The covering layer includes a resilient matrix material and fillers embedded in the resilient matrix material, wherein the fillers include a plurality of elongated particles which have a length which is less than the radial thickness of the covering layer. The process includes providing a roll core having an outer surface, and applying a covering layer on the outer surface of the roll core, the covering layer having an inner surface, an outer surface, and radial thickness, the covering layer including a resilient matrix material and fillers embedded in the resilient matrix material, wherein the fillers include a plurality of elongated particles which have a length which is less than the radial thickness of the covering layer.

Abstract: A toner fuser roller with suppressed electrostatic charge build-up for fixing a toner image to a receiver comprising: (a) a core; and (b) an overcoat layer formed over the core and defining a surface that contacts the receiver, the overcoat layer including electrically conductive fine powder in an amount of 10 to 29 weight percent so as to make the overcoat layer electrically conductive and suppress electrostatic charge build-up and improve thermal conductivity.

Abstract: Rolls include a core and a stabilized zirconia-containing outer coating on the core. The outer coating can also include titania. The outer coatings have smooth finishes and controlled electrical properties. The outer coatings of the rolls can be finished to a highly smooth finish in reduced cycle times. The rolls can be used in electrostatographic imaging apparatus as charge donor rolls.

Abstract: A product and process for forming an internally heated roller configuration for use in an electrostatographic machine that employs a fuser roller and a pressure roller. One of the rollers is a conformable roller having a rigid cylindrical core member centered on an axis of rotation, a compliant base cushion layer formed on the core member; a stiffening layer in intimate contact with and surrounding the base cushion layer; and an internal heating mechanism, while the other roller is a hard roller.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductive rubber roller used as a developing roller in a photocopying printer machine exhibiting excellent performance and outstanding durability. The rubber roller is an integral body comprising (a) a shaft of a metallic material, (b) a base rubber layer on and around the shaft formed from a semiconductive silicone rubber having a specified volume resistivity and (c) a cladding layer having a specified thickness on and around the base rubber layer formed from a synthetic resin composition compounded with a specified amount of particles of a dielectric material, such as silica, having a dielectric constant of 2.0 to 8.0 and a specified average particle diameter.

Abstract: Roll for the smoothing paper webs and process for producing roll. The roll includes a hard core, and an elastic covering layer arranged on an outside of the hard core. The covering layer includes a radially outer functional layer and a radially inner connecting layer arranged to couple the functional layer to the hard core. The inner connecting layer and the outer functional layer each include a soft matrix material with embedded fibers. The matrix material of the functional layer includes an elastic material with a damping factor of tan &dgr; less than about 0.02 and the matrix material of the connecting layer includes a damping material with a damping factor of tan &dgr; greater than about 0.05. The process includes forming an outer functional layer with an elastic matrix material having a damping factor of tan &dgr; less than about 0.02 and embedded fibers, forming an inner connecting layer with a damping matrix material having a damping factor of tan &dgr; greater than about 0.

Abstract: A conductive roll for an electrophotographic apparatus, which eliminates deposition unevenness onto the roll surface, inhibits occurrence of non-uniform roll resistance value, and gives a satisfactory image free from density unevenness. The surface of the conductive roll is corona-treated by arranging the conductive roll oppositely to, and in parallel with a discharging electrode, and impressing a voltage onto the electrode while rotating the conductive roll. With the conductive roll subjected to a corona treatment of the roll surface, deposition unevenness onto the roll surface is eliminated, a uniform roll resistance value is maintained throughout the entire surface even after use for a long period of time, thus permitting maintenance of stable properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermoplastic elastomer composition comprising a high-molecular-weight thermoplastic elastomer, a low-molecular-weight thermoplastic elastomer affinitive for the high-molecular-weight thermoplastic elastomer, and a rubber component. The ratio of the number-average molecular weight (Mn1) of the high-molecular-weight thermoplastic elastomer to the number-average molecular weight (Mn2) of the low-molecular-weight thermoplastic elastomer is not less than 1.2 nor more than 500. The rubber is dynamically cross-linked and dispersed in the thermoplastic elastomers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fixing roller capable of satisfying releasing ability and scratch resistance all together. The fixing roller comprises a core 16, a primer layer 18 applied on the periphery of the core 18, and a fluororesin top layer 20 applied on the periphery of the primer layer 18, wherein glass particles 24 are mixed into at least one of the primer layer 18 and the top layer 20.

Abstract: A Method of Manufacturing a Developer Roller in which a wetting agent is added to a polymer and graphite to ensure thorough dispersion of the graphite. The developer roller's performance is further improved by spray applying a surface layer of graphite and wetting agent and burnishing this surface layer after spray application. Additional improvements are seen by using many multiple steps of spraying thin coats to improve adhesion between the spray applied coats.

Abstract: A donor member, useful in ionographic or electrophotographic apparatuses and preferably useful in hybrid scavengeless development units, has a substrate and an oxidized transport coating thereover. The oxidized transport coating includes a polymer binder, charge transporting molecules and one or more oxidizing agents. The polymer binder of the donor roll coating preferably includes one of (1) a crosslinked polymer with charge transporting molecules dispersed therein, or (2) a crosslinked polyamide binder with hydroxy charge transport molecules dispersed therein. The donor roll is preferably included in a printing machine that develops latent images formed on a photoconductive member.

Abstract: A paper-making machine includes a traveling substrate and a roll carrying the substrate. The roll includes a carbon fiber shell, a ceramic layer over the shell, and a polytetrafluoroethylene layer over the ceramic layer. The polytetrafluoroethylene layer defines an outer surface of the roll. The ceramic layer intermittently extends through the polytetrafluoroethylene layer to the outer surface of the roll.

Abstract: A process for producing a resilient roll having a hard roll core (e.g., of metal) and a resilient covering layer. In forming the covering layer, a radially inner connecting layer is applied to the roll core and a radially outer functional layer is applied to the connecting layer. In addition, in forming the connecting layer, a fiber bundle comprising a large number of fibers is wound onto the roll core, the winding direction of the fibers running essentially parallel to one another and at an angle to the circumferential direction of the roll core. A number of layers are wound one above another, with the angular position (i.e., orientation), as defined by the winding direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the roll, of fiber bundles in respectively successive fiber layers being different. A roll according to the present invention comprises fiber layers each including a plurality of fibers wound at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the roll core and running essentially parallel to one another.

Abstract: A heat-fixing silicone rubber roller comprising a roller shaft, a silicone rubber layer provided on the outer periphery of the roller shaft, and at least one of a fluorine resin layer and a fluorine rubber layer, provided on the outer periphery of the silicone rubber layer. The silicone rubber layer comprises a cured product of a silicone rubber composition containing at least (A) an organopolysiloxane with an average molecular weight of from 30,000 to 100,000, having in one molecule at least two alkenyl groups bonded to silicon atoms; (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having in one molecule at least two hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon atoms; the hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon atoms being in the weight that is from 0.1 to 3.0 equivalent weight per one alkenyl group in the component (A); and (C) a platinum group metal catalyst. The heat-fixing silicone rubber roller has a coating layer of fluorine resin and/or fluorine rubber excellent in interlaminar adhesion and durability.

Abstract: Wire feed rollers made of ceramic material which virtually eliminate wire feed roller wear enabling continuous wire feed to the welding tip without discernable weld wire slippage. Adjacent ceramic wire feed rollers are used in sets where one roller includes a groove on a side surface while the second roller has no grooves. The ceramic wire feed rollers require relatively light clamping (contact) loads to effectively feed the wire to the weld tip enabling decreased wire feed roller drive torque requirements and reduced wear to drive gears and support bearings.

Abstract: A semiconductive rubber roller used in a printer of a photocopying machine, which is an elongated integral body consisting of a shaft of a metal, a semiconductive foamed rubber layer on and around the shaft and a semiconductive solid, i.e. non-foamed, silicone rubber layer on and around the foamed rubber layer. Unexpected improvements can be obtained in the performance and durability of the roller when the silicone rubber forming the solid silicone rubber layer contains low molecular weight organopolysiloxane molecules having a degree of polymerization not exceeding 20 in an amount not exceeding 1.0% by weight and by providing the surface of the semiconductive solid silicone rubber layer with a covering layer which may be a coating layer of a resinous coating composition or a skin layer having a modified nature by a chemical or physical treatment such as ultraviolet irradiation.

Abstract: A process for producing a resilient roll having a hard roll core (such as a metal) and a resilient covering layer. In forming the covering layer, a radially inner connecting layer is applied to the roll core and a radially outer functional layer is applied to the connecting layer. In addition, in forming the connecting layer and/or the functional layer, glass fibers and carbon fibers are wound simultaneously onto the roll core, the mixture ratio of glass fibers to carbon fibers being between about 60/40 and 90/10. A roll has an inner connecting layer and an outer functional layer comprising a mixture of glass fibers and carbon fibers, which are embedded in a matrix material and are distributed uniformly over the length of the roll. The mixture ratio of glass fibers to carbon fibers is between about 60/40 and about 90/10.

Abstract: A roller for use in a fusing assembly for receiving a polymeric release agent including a core and multiple layers secured over the core; and the multiple layers including at least one outer layer formed of a silicone mixture which absorbs the polymeric release agent and has toner release properties, and an intermediate layer formed of a silicone mixture selected so that its swelling in 1000 cts poly(dimethylsiloxane) is less than 1% by weight.

Abstract: An electrically conductive member comprising an electrically conductive elastic layer and a coating layer formed thereon, characterized in that said coating layer is formed from a polyurea resin as a cured product resulting from reaction between a polyamine compound and a polyisocyanate compound. It has a coating layer which readily conforms to elastic deformation of rubber or the likes, has long durability, and has good properties in protection of the photosensitive body from staining and prevention of toner sticking, control of the toner charging and a low coefficient of friction.

Abstract: A fuser member having a layer which includes: an addition crosslinked polyorganosiloxane elastomer, and copper oxide particles dispersed therein in a concentration of from 5 to 40 percent of the total volume of the layer.

Abstract: A material for coating an imaging member comprising: a crosslinked poly(dialkylsiloxane), zirconium silicate and optional T-resin.

Abstract: A paper-making machine includes at least one roll for carrying a fiber web or a belt. At least one of the rolls includes a shell formed from a composite material; a journal comprised of metal; and a head interposed between and interconnecting the shell and the journal. The head is also formed from a composite material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a conductive rubber roller, comprising a core metal shaft, an ionic conductive layer formed to surround the outer circumferential surface of the core metal shaft and consisting of a high molecular weight elastomer containing an ionic conducting agent or a foamed body of such a high molecular weight elastomer, an electron conductive layer formed to surround the outer circumferential surface of the ionic conductive layer and consisting of a high molecular weight cellular elastomer containing an electron conducting agent or a high molecular weight cellular elastomer containing an electron conducting agent, a toner contamination preventing layer formed to surround the outer circumferential surface of the electron conductive layer, and an insulating annular sealing member mounted to each of both edges of the ionic conductive layer and the electron conductive layer both extending in the longitudinal direction of the metal core wherein a relationship R1>R2>R3, where R1, R2 and R3 denote, respectiv

Abstract: A silicone rubber composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a thermosetting organopolysiloxane composition and 0.1-200 parts by weight of a hollow filler in the form of microballoons having a mean particle size of 10-200 &mgr;m is suitable for forming a silicone rubber layer around a shaft to provide a heat fixing roll.

Abstract: A charging member for amorphous silicon photoreceptors which can be supplied with a uniform and stable resistivity, exhibits an excellent durability and is insusceptible to variation of resistivity against environmental conditions, pinhole leak and contamination on the photoreceptors, showing a good quality and a long life. An electrophotographic charging member for charging a photoreceptor (preferably, mainly composed of amorphous silicon), which comprises a porous anodized aluminum film formed by anodically oxidizing a support the surface of which is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. In the charging member, it is preferred that the pores in the porous anodized aluminum film be filled with a metal or an electrically conductive material made of an oxyacid salt of transition metal or pure water be attached to the inner wall of the pores in the porous anodized aluminum film. The charging member of the present invention may comprise a surface protective layer on the porous anodized aluminum film.

Abstract: A fluid metering roll such as an anilox roll is comprised of a tubular carbon fiber composition core having one or more metallic layers intervening between the core and a surface layer comprised of ceramic, the ceramic having outwardly opening fluid metering cells. The method of forming the roll includes steps of thermal spray applying one or more layers comprised of metal over the roll surface the layers intervening between the roll and an external ceramic coating. Characterizing features of the application method reside in each of the thermal spray applied layers being directed toward the core at a negative rake angle of from about 11½ to about 13½ and preferably 12½°, the core and layers which receive the thermal spray being simultaneously cooled to about 110° Centigrade or less during application of the thermal spray.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a charge roller utilizes a foam rubber substance where epichlorohydrin oxide rubber and an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber are mixed at a ratio of 5:95, or utilizing a crosslinking rubber substance consisting of epichlorohydrin oxide rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a polar low molecular polymeric characteristic, thus allowing the charge roller to maintain a low volume resistivity of 107 &OHgr; cm to 108 &OHgr; cm. As a result, the surface of a photosensitive drum can be charged by a minimum charging voltage, to thereby significantly reduce an amount of ozone. A method of manufacturing a charge roller employs peroxide as a cross linking agent for rapidly cross-linking molecular chains between an epichlorohydrin oxide rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber forming a main composition of a foam rubber substance.

Abstract: A developing roller and a developing device are provided to enable a satisfactory developing operation. In order to accomplish this object, a roller main body of the developing roller is made of a roller base material containing acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber as a main component, and an adherence preventing coating layer is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the roller main body, thereby preventing the adherence of developer to the roller main body. Particularly, by setting the friction coefficient of the coating layer within a range of 0.5 to 0.95 inclusive and/or the glossiness thereof within a range of 4.5 to 8 inclusive, an occurrence of any of negative ghost, positive ghost and background fogging is prevented or suppressed to a level where no problem is presented in practical use.

Abstract: A fuser member having a support metallic core and a layer of material formed over the metallic core, an intermediate layer, and an outer layer, the intermediate layer including a cross-linked poly(dialkylsiloxane); one or more multifunctional silanes; one or more amino functional silane crosslinking agents; catalyst; and optional fillers.

Abstract: A roll for use in the manufacture of paper and board, a press roll, in particular a center roll in a press, a backup roll for an extended-nip press roll, a hot press roll, or equivalent, which is in direct contact with a wet paper web, or a calender roll, a method for manufacturing the same and a coating composition therefor including an adhesion layer arranged on the frame part of the roll and a ceramic layer arranged on the adhesion layer. The ceramic layer has a thickness of from about 100 &mgr;m to about 2000 &mgr;m and includes from about 50% to about 95% by weight of Cr2O3 and from about 3% to about 50% by weight of TiO2, or from about 50% to about 80% by weight of Al2O3 and from about 20% to about 50% by weight of ZrO2, or exclusively Al2TiO5. The outer face of the ceramic layer is finished until the roughness Ra is from about 0.2 &mgr;m to about 2.0 &mgr;m and/or the porosity of the outer face of the roll is from about 1% to about 20%.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a developer bearing body includes the steps of preparing metallic base material blasting the surface of the metallic base material using spherical particles and plating the surface of the metallic base material blasted, wherein a thickness of the plating layer is two or more times as large as a particle diameter in volume average of the developer.

Abstract: A fuser member having a support metallic core and a layer of material formed over the metallic core, the layer including composite material, including a silicone T-resin; a crosslinked poly(dialkylsiloxane) incorporating an oxide, wherein the poly(dialkylsiloxane) has a weight average molecular weight before crosslinking of about 5,000 to 80,000; and a silane crosslinking agent.

Abstract: In a fixing device for an image forming apparatus, a heat roller includes a hollow cylindrical base, a heating layer formed of strip-like fibers implementing desired power consumption, and a parting layer provided on the outer periphery of the heating layer with the intermediary of an electrical insulating layer. The strip-like fibers of the heating layer are wound on the base and provided with a preselected resistance.

Abstract: A fuser member useful for heat-fixing an electrographic toner to a substrate. The fuser member has a core and a layer overlying the core. The layer includes a cured fluorocarbon random copolymer having subunits with the general structures:--(CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2).sub.x --, --(CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2).sub.z --,and ##STR1## where x is from 30 to 90 mole percent, y is from 10 to 70 mole percent, and z is from 0 to 34 mole percent. The layer incorporates particulate filler. The filler includes zinc oxide, cupric oxide and a material selected from the group consisting of alkali metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides, and combinations thereof. The filler has a total concentration in the layer of 12 to 75 percent of the total volume of the layer. The zinc oxide and cupric oxide have a total concentration of 10 to 70 percent of the total volume of the layer.

Abstract: An electrically semi-conductive roll including a center shaft and a plurality of layers formed radially outwardly of the center shaft, wherein an outermost layer of the plurality of layers which is held in rolling contact with an outer circumferential surface of a photosensitive drum is formed by using a resin composition which contains as a base resin material a fluorine-modified acrylate resin.

Abstract: An image heating device is provided with a film having an electrical conductive layer, a magnetic flux generating unit. An eddy current is generated on the electrical conductive layer by the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic flux generating unit. The electrical conductive layer generates heat, and an image is heated by the heat of the film. The film is provided with an elastic layer arranged on the image side of the electrical conductive layer, and a primer layer is arranged between the electrical conductive layer and the elastic layer. It is possible to effectuate a heating fixation that can be started quickly with generating no nonuniformity in the image gloss and maintaining a high image quality.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes a fixing belt that pressure-thermally fixes unfixed toner images on sheets, and an oil coating roller that holds silicone oil for preventing the offset phenomenon to be coated on the fixing belt. The oil coating roller consists of an inner oil holding layer formed of paper and a surface oil holding layer formed of aramid fibers. The oil diffusing capacity and the oil holding capacity are reduced from the inner oil holding layer toward the surface oil holding layer. Thus, it is possible to suppress the oil coating amount in the initial period of the roller life to a level that does not cause problems such as oil stains, increase the oil coating amount in the final period of the roller life to a level that does not cause problems such as offsets, and prevent image noises.

Abstract: The invention provides a charging roller for electrically charging a photoconductor by placing the roller in contact with the photoconductor and applying voltage between them. The roller has an elastic shaft and an outermost layer of less than 30 .mu.m thick containing an aqueous fluorocarbon resin. The charging roller is effective for providing a constant supply of electric charge to the photoconductor and preventing residual toner from depositing onto the roller.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrostatic charging member excellent in dispersibility of electrically-conducting agent and uniformity in resistance which causes no contamination of the material to be charged for a prolonged period of time. The present invention relates to an electrostatic charging member which electrostatically charging uniformly the surface of a material to be charged such as photoreceptor and dielectric material while pressing the material. An electrostatic charging member 1 has a two-layer structure comprising an electrically-conductive elastic material layer 1b formed on an electrically-conductive substrate 1a, and a resistance-controlling layer 1c covering the elastic material layer 1b. The resistance-controlling layer 1c comprises an electrically-conducting agent such as carbon black having a pH value of not more than 6 dispersed in an amine-modified polyurethane resin as a base polymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for manufacturing a charging roller used in an image formation device according to the method of electrophotography; and more particularly, to a process for forming the surface layer with uniform resistivity on the surface of the charging roller coated with certain soluble conductive agent, thus ensuring better charging effects.

Abstract: A developing roller for use in an image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic process. The image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum having a transcribing roller cleaning device; the developing roller disposed between a transcribing device and an exposing device adjacent to the photosensitive drum, for frictionally charging toner at a place where the developing roller contacts with a supply roller and transferring the charged toner to a developing region so as to attach the charged toner to a latent image formed on the photosensitive drum; a regulating blade disposed between the developing region and the supply roller, for regulating a toner layer on the developing layer into a thin toner layer, being in contact with the developing roller; the supply roller in contact with the developing roller, for frictionally charging the toner transferred into a contact nip by a relative motion therebetween; and an agitator for transferring the toner in a toner cartridge to the supply roller.

Abstract: An insulating roller cover is now disclosed that provides a highly desirable combination of features. The cover is free from asbestos and is therefore of more desirable construction for handling and use. For the roller cover, at least substantially ceramic fiber is highly compressed, providing a dense and refractory, elevated temperature resistant insulating cover. The cover may itself serve as a load bearing surface; or may provide a foundation or protective media for annular discs or 10 sleeve members made of various, load bearing materials. These load bearing materials may be unable to resist direct contact with the shaft due to thermal shock or the differences in their respective expansion and contraction rates. Where impregnant is utilized with the highly compressed fiber, such will often comprise a colloidal substituent.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel semiconductive silicone rubber roller suitable for use as a development roller in a photocopying machine exhibiting high performance with stability and long durability. The rubber roller is prepared by (A) forming a cylindrical layer of a semi-conductive silicone rubber on and around a metallic core mandrel, (B) irradiating the surface of the rubber layer with ultraviolet light and (C) coating the ultraviolet-irradiated surface of the rubber layer with a silane coupling agent.

Abstract: A fuser member useful for heat-fixing an electrographic toner to a substrate. The fuser member has a core and a layer overlying the core. That layer includes a cured fluorocarbon random copolymer having subunits with the general structures: where x is from 30 to 90 mole percent, y is from 10 to 70 mole percent, and z is from 0 to 34 mole percent. The layer incorporates particulate filler. The filler includes aluminum oxide and a material selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal oxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and combinations thereof. The filler has a total concentration in the layer of from about 25 to 50 percent of the total volume of the layer. The aluminum oxide has a concentration of from 20 to 40 percent of the total volume of the layer.