Abstract: Ceramic inkjet inks for non-porous substrates (such as glass, metals) whereby the viscosity of the inks at the jetting temperature of 33-50° C. is 8-20 mPa·s and increase substantially to more than a factor of 5 (greater than 100 mPa·s) after landing on the substrate. The invention also relates to processing/formulating steps and tuning of the bulk and dynamic properties suitable for (i) inkjet printing in the printhead channel and (ii) desirable high viscosity after landing on the glass substrate. The ink comprises: Glass Frit composition which is in the form of particles having a volume particle size distribution Dv90 of less than 1.5 ?m, carriers (30-50 wt %) and additives (0-10%). The ceramic ink mitigate ink splattering, spreading during and after landing, eliminate/reduce image defects because of dust contaminations from the environment on wet inks after printing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiopaque glass having a refractive index nd of 1.480 to 1.561, this glass, apart from impurities at most, being free from SrO and PbO. The glass is based on the SiO2, Al2O3 and B2O3 system. The radiopacity can be adjusted using Cs2O in particular in combination with BaO and/or SnO2 optionally in conjunction with fluorine. The glass may be used in particular as dental glass or as optical glass.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus including an enamel coating layer having an improved cleaning efficiency and a manufacturing method therefor are provided. The cooking apparatus includes a cooking compartment configured to accommodate a cooking object, a door configured to open and close the cooking compartment, and an enamel coating layer provided on a surface of the cooking compartment. The enamel coating layer includes, in percent (%) by weight of the entire composition, 5% or less (excluding 0%) of a silicon dioxide (SiO2), 10% to 20% of an aluminum oxide (Al2O3), 10% to 20% of a phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5), 5% to 15% of a rare earth oxide, and 5% to 10% of a ferric oxide (Fe2O3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass-ceramic article at least partly coated with at least one layer of an enamel formed from a glass frit having the following composition, the proportions being expressed as weight percentages: SiO2 50-66% and preferably 50 < SiO2 ? 65% MgO 3-8% and preferably 3-6% Na2O 7-15% K2O ?3% Li2O ?3%, in particular ?2% CaO ?1% BaO >0-15% and preferably 5-15% Al2O3 3-20% and preferably 3 < Al2O3 < 20% ZrO2 0-4%, preferably 0 < ZrO2 < 4%, in particular 0.5-2% ZnO >0-5% B2O3 >0-6% and preferably 0 < B2O3 ? 5% the sum of the alkaline-earth metal oxides CaO+BaO moreover being between 8 and 15%, and the sum of the alkali metal oxides Na2O+K2O+Li2O moreover being between 7 and 20%. The invention also relates to the reinforced glass-ceramics obtained.

Abstract: Embodiments of a glass substrate including an alkali-containing bulk and an alkali-depleted surface layer, including a substantially homogenous composition are disclosed. In some embodiments, the alkali-depleted surface layer includes about 0.5 atomic % alkali or less. The alkali-depleted surface layer may be substantially free of hydrogen and/or crystallites. Methods for forming a glass substrate with a modified surface layer are also provided.

Abstract: A ceramic article in the form of a sanitary, culinary or laboratory article, comprising a ceramic base body and also a fired glaze applied on said base body, the fired glaze comprising SiO2 at 45-55 mass %, Al2O3 at 6-12 mass %, ZnO at 15-35 mass %, and additionally PbO at 0.1-15 mass % and/or CuO at 0.025-2 mass % and/or Bi2O3 at 0.25-7 mass %.

Abstract: Electronic devices are produced from dielectric compositions comprising a mixture of precursor materials that, upon firing, forms a dielectric material comprising a barium-strontium-titanium-tungsten-silicon oxide.

Abstract: An antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition contains one or more antimicrobial agents disposed therein. Methods for making and using the glazing composition are disclosed, as well as substrates having a fired antimicrobial glaze thereon. The antimicrobial agents comprise metallic oxides, with a subset of the disclosed combinations exhibiting synergistic effect in fired glazes.

Abstract: A sealing glass paste for reducing the laser energy required during a sealing process. The sealing glass paste comprises a light absorbing material.

Abstract: A sealant for forming a seal between at least two solid oxide fuel cell components wherein the sealant comprises a glass material comprising B2O3 as a principal glass former, BaO, and other components and wherein the glass material is substantially alkali-free and contains less than 30% crystalline material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vacuum glass panel and a manufacturing method of the same. The vacuum glass panel according to the present invention includes a first glass plate, a second glass plate facing the first glass plate with a vacuum space therebetween, an edge of the second glass plate being in contact with the first glass plate, and a plurality of spacers disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plates to separate the first glass plate and the second glass plate from each other. The plurality of spacers are formed of a glass including alumina (Al2O3) particles and silica (SiO2) particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lead-free, low melting point glass composition, which is characterized by being substantially free from a lead component and comprising 0-8 mass % of SiO2, 2-12 mass % of B2O3, 2-7 mass % of ZnO, 0.5-3 mass % of RO (MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO), 0.5-5 mass % of CuO, 80-90 mass % of Bi2O3, 0.1-3 mass % of Fe2O3, and 0.1-3 mass % of Al2O3. This glass composition is not easily crystallized at high temperatures and is stable. Therefore, it is useful as an insulating coating material and a sealing material for electronic material substrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions for the manufacture of glass solders for high-temperature applications up to temperatures of approx. 1000° C. and to their use. SiO2 having a proportion in the range from 48 mol-% to 62 mol %, Al2O3 having a proportion in the range from 0.5 mol % to 6 mol %, B2O3 having a proportion in the range 4 mol % to 12 mol % and BaO having a proportion in the range 12 mol % to 30 mol % as well as CaO having a proportion in the range from 2.5 mol % to 15 mol %, or an R2O3 having a proportion in the range 0.5 mol % to 20 mol % are contained in the composition in accordance with the invention, where the R2O3 is selected from La2O3, Y2O3, Sc2O3 and from a further oxide of a chemical element from the series of lanthanoids. In this respect, an SiO2:BaO ratio in the range from 1.9 to 4 is observed and no ZrO2 is contained.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a glass composition in which foaming due to a reaction with a nitride film is suppressed. A glass composition contains, in mole percentage based on following oxides, 30% to 90% of TeO2, 0% to 60% of ZnO, 0% to 24% of B2O3, 0% to 8% of Li2O+Na2O+K2O, 0% to 8% of Al2O3, 0% to 17% of Bi2O3, 0% to 30% of V2O5, and 0% to 10% of SiO2; and does not substantially contain any of components which includes F, Pb, Cd, W, Mo, Ag, or Gd.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are tiles, coatings, and related methods that provide both high cleanability and high slip resistance. The coating can be a surface coating with a unique chemical make-up. The surface coating can also have particles suspended within it. During a firing process, the coating and particles can settle in such a manner that the surface structure of the coating, and thus the surface structure of the tile, is both easy to clean and slip-resistant.

Abstract: A crystallizable glass composition containing, in % by mole in glass component composition, 40 to 70% SiO2, 5 to 35% MgO, 5 to 35% BaO, 5 to 35% ZnO, 0 to 20% CaO, 0 to 20% SrO, 0 to 5% B2O3, 0 to 2% Al2O3, and 0 to 30% La2O3+Y2O3+Gd2O3+Nb2O5+Ta2O5. Provided is a crystallizable glass composition which has fluidity suitable for bonding, has a high coefficient of thermal expansion after undergoing thermal treatment, is less likely to degrade the power generation property of the fuel cell owing to evaporation of glass components even when exposed to high temperatures for a long period, and has excellent thermal resistance after bonding.

Abstract: Novel glass compositions and method for producing a glass/metal join, in which the novel glass comprises: Oxide (%) B2O3 ??8-13.5 Al2O3 5-9 Na2O 3-9 K2O 0-5 CaO 2-4 MgO 0-4 ZnO 0-4 SiO2 Up to 100 depending on the necessary requirements, owing to the significance thereof the thermal expansion coefficient, such that this thermal expansion coefficient is adjusted to match that of the metal part or alloy with which the glass/metal weld is to be achieved, which makes it possible to satisfactorily produce said weld which results in a strong glass/metal join, that is free from tensile stresses and that is durable over time and may be used, inter alia, to obtain parts that form part of solar collectors.

Abstract: The amorphous, or at least partially crystalline, glass-based joining material is suitable for high-temperature applications, particularly in fuel cells and/or sensors. In addition to SiO2 and B2O3 as glass formers, the joining material similarly contains BaO and CaO, whereby the amount of Al2O3 is limited. The joining material has a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of at least 7.0·10?6 K?1 in a range of 20° C. to 300° C. The joining material can be used for joining ferritic high-grade steels and/or chromium-containing alloys and/or ceramics, such as stabilized zirconium oxide and/or aluminium oxide.

Abstract: A method is described for assembling at least two parts made of silicon carbide based materials by non-reactive brazing in an oxidizing atmosphere, each of the parts comprising a surface to be assembled, wherein the parts are placed in contact with a non-reactive brazing composition, the assembly formed by the parts and the brazing composition is heated to a brazing temperature sufficient for completely or at least partially melting the brazing composition, or rendering the brazing composition viscous, and the parts and the brazing composition are cooled so as to form, after cooling the latter to ambient temperature, a moderately refractory joint.

Abstract: A glass composition comprising B2O3, Na2O, Al2O3, Li2O, TiO2, ZnO, Ta2O5, Nb2O3, BaO, ZrO2 and SiO2, and devoid of lead, bismuth, and vanadium. Pastes comprising the glass composition and devices including seals comprising such pastes are contemplated.

Abstract: A composition that upon firing, forms a non-stick enamel layer is disclosed. The composition can be applied to a metal substrate to provide a non-stick, durable coating for cooking surfaces. Also disclosed are methods of forming enamel layers and corresponding coated substrates. Various ground coats and related methods are also described. Furthermore, various multilayer coatings and structures are disclosed that include an enamel layer and a ground coat layer.

Abstract: A frit-based hermetic sealing system for sealing glass plates to one another, or sealing glass to ceramics is disclosed. Seal materials, the methods to apply these seal materials, and the seal designs for selective and controlled absorption of microwave energy to heat and seal the system are presented. The hermetic seals are useful in various applications such as (a) encapsulating solar cells based on silicon, organic systems, and thin film, (b) encapsulating other electronic devices such as organic LEDs, (c) producing Vacuum Insulated Glass windows, and (d) architectural windows and automotive glass.

Abstract: A bismuth-based glass composition according to the present invention contains Bi2O3, B2O3 and ZnO, wherein the bismuth-based glass composition has a Bi2O3 content of 55 to 80 mass % and further contains 0.1 to 5 mass % of at least one of SrO and BaO as an RO component. Preferably, the bismuth-based glass composition according to the present invention has a linear expansion coefficient of (65 to 95)×10?7/° C. at 30 to 300° C. and a softening point of 450 to 530° C. There is a problem that bismuth-based glasses are often structurally unstable, are crystalized during firing and lose their flowability due to such crystallization so that it is difficult for the bismuth-based glasses to secure good adhesion strength and airtightness. By contrast, the bismuth-based glass composition according to the present invention is transparent and is less likely to be crystallized during firing.

Abstract: Provided is a crystallizable glass composition which exhibits a high coefficient of thermal expansion after undergoing thermal treatment, has excellent fluidity during the thermal treatment, and is less likely to deteriorate the hermeticity and adhesiveness at bonded portions and volatilize glass components even when exposed to high temperatures for a long period after the thermal treatment. A crystallizable glass composition capable of precipitating MgO-based crystals as main crystals by thermal treatment, the crystallizable glass composition containing, in terms of % by mole in glass component composition, 0.1 to 30% La2O3+Nb2O5+Y2O3+Ta2O5+Yb2O3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of finely divided haematite and of iron oxide red pigments made up of the finely divided haematite and the use of the finely divided haematites and iron oxide red pigments produced by this process.

Abstract: The invention provides a glazed composite manufactured using waste materials, wherein the waste materials are capable of producing ceramic forming oxides, glass modifying oxides and ceramic modifying oxides. The waste materials include ceramic waste and colored glass waste. The invention also provides a method for manufacturing composition of the glazed composite.

Abstract: A crystallizing glass solder for high-temperature applications, which is free of PbO and contains, in % by weight on an oxide basis: 45% to 60% of BaO; 25% to 40% of SiO2; 5% to 15% of B2O3; 0 to <2% of Al2O3; 2 to 7.0, preferably 4.4 to 7.0%, of MgO; and at least one alkaline earth metal oxide from the group consisting of MgO, CaO and SrO, wherein CaO is 0% to 5% and the sum of the alkaline earth metal oxides MgO, CaO and SrO is 2% to 15%. Preferred embodiments of the glass solder contain from 3 to 15 wt. % of Y2O3 and have low porosity and high stability with respect to a moist fuel gas environment.

Abstract: The invention provides a glass ceramic glaze composition manufactured using conventional raw material and one or more waste materials, wherein the waste materials are capable of producing glass forming oxides and glass modifying oxides. The waste materials are selected from a group that includes cullet, pozzolanic waste and fly ash. The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the glass ceramic glaze composition. Further, the invention provides different methods of glazing a glass ceramic substrate using the glass ceramic glaze composition.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a lead-free glass composition that can be soften and flowed at a firing temperature that is equal to or lower than that of conventional low melting point lead glass. Furthermore, the present invention aims at providing a lead-free glass composition having fine thermal stability and fine chemical stability in addition to that property. The lead-free glass composition according to the present invention is characterized by comprising at least Ag2O, V2O5 and TeO2 when the components are represented by oxides, wherein the total content ratio of Ag2O, V2O5 and TeO2 is 75 mass % or more. Preferably, the lead-free glass composition comprises 10 to 60 mass % of Ag2O, 5 to 65 mass % of V2O5, and 15 to 50 mass % of TeO2.

Abstract: The present invention is a composite encapsulating material which consists of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide and zinc oxide and has glass transition temperature between 694° C. and 833° C. as well as expansion coefficient between 7.0 and 8.5×10?6/° C. The ratio of the number of moles of silicon dioxide plus aluminum oxide (yttrium oxide or zinc oxide) to the total number of moles is 41.88˜62.22% (10.48˜26.67% or 11.11˜47.64%); the ratio of the number of moles of aluminum oxide to the total number of moles is 5.23˜17.78%. The ratios of aluminum oxide to silicon dioxide, yttrium oxide to silicon dioxide, and zinc oxide to silicon dioxide are 0.14˜0.40, 0.29˜0.60, and 0.25˜1.30, respectively.

Abstract: A seal composition includes a first alkaline earth metal oxide, a second alkaline earth metal oxide which is different from the first alkaline earth metal oxide, aluminum oxide, and silica in an amount such that molar percent of silica in the composition is at least five molar percent greater than two times a combined molar percent of the first alkaline earth metal oxide and the second alkaline earth metal oxide. The composition is substantially free of boron oxide and phosphorus oxide. The seal composition forms a glass ceramic seal which includes silica containing glass cores located in a crystalline matrix comprising barium aluminosilicate, and calcium aluminosilicate crystals located in the glass cores.

Abstract: A low softening point glass composition, which is substantially free from lead, bismuth and antimony and comprises oxides of vanadium, phosphorous, tellurium and iron, a softening point of the composition being 380° C. or lower.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lead-free glass for semiconductor encapsulation, which can encapsulate semiconductor devices at a low temperature and has an excellent acid durability, and an encapsulator for semiconductor encapsulation made of the glass. The glass comprises, as a glass composition, from 46 to 60% of SiO2, from 0 to 6% of Al2O3, from 13 to 30% of B2O3, from 0 to 10% of MgO, from 0 to 10% of CaO, from 0 to 20% of ZnO, from 9 to 25% of Li2O, from 0 to 15% of Na2O, from 0 to 7% of K2O, and from 0 to 8% of TiO2, in terms of % by mol, wherein a ratio by mol of Li2O to (Li2O+Na2O+K2O) is in the range from 0.48 to 1.00.

Abstract: An antimony-free glass comprising TeO2 and/or Bi2O3 suitable for use in a frit for producing a hermetically sealed glass package is described. The hermetically sealed glass package, such as an OLED display device, is manufactured by providing a first glass substrate plate and a second glass substrate plate and depositing the antimony-free frit onto the first substrate plate. OLEDs may be deposited on the second glass substrate plate. An irradiation source (e.g., laser, infrared light) is then used to heat the frit which melts and forms a hermetic seal that connects the first glass substrate plate to the second glass substrate plate and also protects the OLEDs disposed therein. The antimony-free glass has excellent aqueous durability, good flow, and low glass transition temperature.

Abstract: The invention is directed to veneer ceramics for dental restorations of framework ceramics comprising yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide. It is the object of the invention to make possible a translucent veneer ceramic which has high flexural strength as well as excellent adhesion to the framework ceramic of yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide. According to the invention, this object is met in a veneer ceramic for dental restorations made of yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide which is produced from the following components: a) SiO2 58.0-74.0 percent by weight b) Al2O3 4.0-19.0 percent by weight c) Li2O 5.0-17.0 percent by weight d) Na2O 4.0-12.0 percent by weight e) ZrO2 0.5-6.0 percent by weight.

Abstract: A plurality of insertion holes for inserting one end of each of a plurality of cells is formed on the surface of a support substrate. One end of each of the cells is loosely fitted in the corresponding insertion hole. A joining material is provided so as to fill at least a gap present between the inner wall of the insertion hole and the outer wall of the one end of the cell in each joining portion between each of the insertion holes and one end of the corresponding cell. As the joining material, crystallized glass which includes a plurality of kinds of crystal phases generated when the crystallization of amorphous glass heated up to a crystallization temperature proceeds is used, and a volume reduction ratio (crystallization shrinkage ratio) of the joining material caused by the crystallization at the crystallization temperature is 0.78% or more and 12% or less.

Abstract: A low softening point glass composition, which is substantially free from lead, bismuth and antimony and comprises oxides of vanadium, phosphorous, tellurium and iron, a softening point of the composition being 380° C. or lower.

Abstract: Provided are inorganic fibers which can exhibit high biosolubility and have excellent heat resistance as the constituting material for a filter material, a sealing material or the like, while exerting minimized effects on the human body or the living environment even when the fibers have an average diameter of 1 ?m or less. Inorganic fibers including 35 mass % to 88 mass % of Al2O3, 3 mass % to 45 mass % of CaO and 5 mass % to 40 mass % of SiO2, wherein the total content of Al2O3, CaO and SiO2 is 98 mass % or more of the entire fibers.

Abstract: A glass, for example a glass solder, includes the following components in mole percent (mol-%): P2O5 37-50 mol-%, for example 39-48 mol-%; Al2O3 0-14 mol-%, for example 2-12 mol-%; B2O3 2-10 mol-%, for example 4-8 mol-%; Na2O 0-30 mol-%, for example 0-20 mol-%; M2O 0-20 mol-%, for example 12-20 mol-%, wherein M is, for example, K, Cs or Rb; Li2O 0-42 mol-%, for example 0-40 mol-% or 17-40 mol-%; BaO 0-20 mol-%, for example 0-20 mol-% or 5-20 mol-%; and Bi2O3 0-10 mol-%, for example 1-5 mol-% or 2-5 mol-%.

Abstract: Provided are an enamel composition, a preparation method thereof, and a cooking appliance including the same. The enamel composition includes a glass frit containing P2O5, SiO2, TiO2, Na2O, and Al2O3. The glass frit contains about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of SiO2, about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of TiO2, about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of Na2O, and about 9 wt % to about 20 wt % of Al2O3, and the glass frit has a glass deformation temperature of about 500° C. or more, and a reflectivity of about 70% or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inorganic reaction system used in the manufacture of electroconductive pastes. The inorganic reaction system comprises a lead containing matrix forming composition and a tellurium oxide additive. Preferably the lead containing matrix forming composition is between 5-95 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system, and the tellurium oxide additive is between 5-95 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system. The lead containing matrix forming composition may be a glass frit, and may comprise lead oxide. Another aspect of the present invention relates to an electroconductive paste composition that comprises metallic particles, an inorganic reaction system as previously disclosed, and an organic vehicle. Another aspect of the present invention relates to an organic vehicle that comprises one or more of a binder, a surfactant, a solvent, and a thixatropic agent.

Abstract: The invention includes a composition for sealing agent, generally in the form of glass frit, lead-free, comprising by weight over the total weight of the composition: 30-80% Bi2O3; 2-10% ZnO; 2-10% B2O3; 0-5% Na2O; 1-10% SiO2; 1-8% Al2O3; 0-7% BaO; and 0-8% MgO. The composition for sealing agent as defined above can be added with a filler in a quantity up to 20% by weight over the total weight of the resulting mixture. The invention also includes a sealing paste containing the composition for sealing agent, the optional filler, an organic binder and optionally an organic solvent. The invention also includes methods for producing and using the composition for sealing agent and the sealing paste, as well as an electronic device sealed with the sealing paste.

Abstract: A sealing glass composition for providing a glass seal in an electrochemical cell is presented. The sealing glass composition includes boron oxide, aluminum oxide, barium oxide, and zirconium oxide, and the glass composition is substantially free of silicon oxide and titanium oxide. The electrochemical cell incorporating the glass seal is also provided.

Abstract: A sealing material paste and a process for producing an electronic device are provided, which realize suppressing with good reproducibility generation of bubbles in a sealing layer when a rapid heating-rapid cooling process with a temperature-rising speed of at least 100° C./min is applied to seal two glass substrates together. The sealing material paste, wherein the amount of water is at most 2 volume %, is applied on a sealing region of a glass substrate 2, and such a coating film 8 is fired to form a sealing material layer 7. The glass substrate 2 is laminated with another glass substrate via a sealing material layer 7, and they are heated with a temperature-rising speed of at least 100° C./min to be sealed together.

Abstract: A low softening point glass composition, which is substantially free from lead, bismuth and antimony and comprises oxides of vanadium, phosphorous, tellurium and iron, a softening point of the composition being 380° C. or lower.

Abstract: A vitroceramic glass composition consisting of SiO2, Al2O3, and CaO or of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO and SrO or of SiO2, Al2O3 and La2O3 is provided. In addition, a method and assembly of at least two parts using said composition is provided. Also, a gasket and assembly obtained by this method as well as a high temperature electrolyzer (HTE) or solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) comprising this gasket or this assembly are provided.

Abstract: A seal assembly includes first and second solid oxide fuel cell components and a self-healing glass between the components. The glass seal includes 35-60 wt % alkaline earth oxide, 2-15 wt % boron oxide, and 25-62 wt % silicone oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to an alumino-silicate glass which has a thermal expansion coefficient in the range of 8 to 10×10?6/K in a temperature range of 20 to 300° C., a transformation temperature Tg in a range of 580° C. to 640° C., and a processing temperature VA in a range of 1065° C. to 1140° C. and which can therefore be used as an alternative for soda lime glasses. An object of the invention is also the use of the inventive glasses in applications where a high temperature stability of the glasses is advantageous, in particular as substrate glass, superstrate glass and/or cover glass in the field of semiconductor technology, preferably for Cd—Te or for CIS or CIGS photovoltaic applications and for other applications in solar technology.

Abstract: A composition that upon firing, forms a low-temperature clean enamel layer is disclosed. The composition can be applied to a metal substrate to provide a low-temperature cleaning, durable coating for cooking surfaces. Also disclosed are methods of forming enamel layers and corresponding coated substrates. Various ground coats and related methods are also described. Furthermore, various multilayer coatings and structures are disclosed that include an enamel layer and a ground coat layer.

Abstract: A glaze composition which makes it possible that a base material for an inorganic calcined substance containing a lot of vitreous material is glazed without having corrosion. The glaze composition comprises a plastic material, a non-plastic material, and a solvent material, wherein the plastic material comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of Gairome clay, Kibushi clay, kaolin and talc; the non-plastic material comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of silica, calcined kaolin, pottery stone, pyrophyllite, pottery shards, chamotte and zircon; and the solvent material comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of feldspar, lime stone, dolomite, zinc oxide and lithium carbonate.