Abstract: The invention described herein is directed to (a) slurry hydroprocessing (SHP) of a feed under SHP conditions; (b) deasphalting, under deasphalting conditions the product obtained from said step (a) and recovering a solvent deasphalted oil and solvent deasphalted rock; (c) calcining said solvent deasphalted rock at a temperature of ≦about 1200° F. to produce an ash catalyst precursor; (d) recycling said ash catalyst precursor to said step (a).

Abstract: Electrocatalyst powders and methods for producing electrocatalyst powders, such as carbon composite electrocatalyst powders. The powders have a well-controlled microstructure and morphology. The method includes forming the particles from an aerosol of precursors by heating the aerosol to a relatively low temperature, such as not greater than about 400° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating a dioxin-containing exhaust gas which can inhibit the generation of dioxin occurring either in the course of cooling of the exhaust gas between a downstream portion subsequent to a combustion chamber and a dust collector or due to a memory effect upon low-temperature combustion in flues or dust collector at the start-up or shut-down of intermittent operation-type solid waste incinerators, without large-scale incineration facilities or plant renovation and equipment investment, and a composite catalyst composition for inhibiting the generation of dioxin, comprising an iron compound, an acid gas neutralizing agent and optionally an activated carbon.

Abstract: A process for the production of vinyl acetate which comprises contacting ethylene, acetic acid and an oxygen-containing gas with a supported palladium catalyst prepared by a process comprising the steps of (a) impregnating a catalyst support with a palladium compound, (b) converting the palladium compound to substantially metallic palladium and (c) sintering the supported palladium at a temperature of greater than 500° C.

Abstract: A composite catalyst which comprises a catalyst particle and at least one member selected from the group consisting of a porous or net-form cation-exchange resin and a porous or net-form hydrophobia polymer, wherein the resin and polymer exist on the surface of the catalyst particle.

Abstract: An adsorbent having the capability of decomposing an organic halogen compound, which adsorbent cannot only adsorb organic halogen compounds contained in waste gases but also can assuredly decompose them without synthesizing them as well as a process for producing the same are provided. A salt of Pt and/or Pd, an organic titanium compound and an organic binder are reacted in a solvent, to thereby synthesize a dispersion of an organic metal compound precursor containing Pt and/or Pd and Ti in molecules thereof, a sol of TiO2 is added to the dispersion to prepare a catalyst-coating solution, an activated carbon is impregnated with the catalyst-coating solution, and the resulting mixture is heated, thereby allowing the activated carbon to carry thereon an organic halogen compound-decomposing catalyst comprising TiO2 and, dispersed therein, fine particles of Pt and/or Pd. In a low temperature range of 130 to 150° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a negative active material for a lithium secondary battery. The negative active material includes graphitized coke having a graphitization catalyst element and non-flat artificial graphite. The negative active material for a lithium secondary battery has good electrolyte-immersibility due to the gap between the graphite particles from graphitized coke having a graphitization catalyst element, and non-flat artificial graphite. Therefore, the present invention may provide a lithium secondary battery which has good high-rate capacity and initial efficiency.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the thermal treatment of pulverulent substances, in which the pulverulent substance is dispersed in a carrier gas and is passed in a continuous manner through a heated reactor where it is thermally treated and is then quenched by a cooling medium and is collected in a gas-solids separating unit.

Abstract: A photocatalyst having superior durability; a manufacturing method for the photocatalyst and a method and apparatus for decomposing a gas, where a film which is fullerene-based but different from the evaporated fullerene film is used. The photocatalyst has a fullerene polymer film layered on a substrate. There may be carried fine metal particles on the fullerene polymer film. These fine metal particles are carried by sputtering, evaporation or coating on the fullerene polymer film. The apparatus for decomposing the gas includes a light source and a fullerene polymer film. In effecting gas decomposition, the gas to be processed is contacted with the fullerene polymer film under light illumination.

Abstract: Porous composite particles contain 80 to 98% by weight of a filling material and 2 to 20% by weight of carbon, and have an average pore diameter of not more than 5 nm when measured with respect to pores existing in both the surface and inside portions thereof, an average particle size of 1 to 1,000 &mgr;m and a specific surface area of 45 to 200 m2/g. These porous composite particles individually contain the filling material in as large an amount as possible, so they have not only a high catalytic but also a high adsorption ability, thereby exhibiting an excellent catalytic activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating a dioxin-containing exhaust gas which can inhibit the generation of dioxin occurring either in the course of cooling of the exhaust gas between a downstream portion subsequent to a combustion chamber and a dust collector or due to a memory effect upon low-temperature combustion in flues or dust collector at the start-up or shut-down of intermittent operation-type solid waste incinerators, without large-scale incineration facilities or plant renovation and equipment investment, and a composite catalyst composition for inhibiting the generation of dioxin, comprising an iron compound, an acid gas neutralizing agent and optionally an activated carbon.

Abstract: This invention relates to rigid porous carbon structures and to methods of making same. The rigid porous structures have a high surface area which are substantially free of micropores. Methods for improving the rigidity of the carbon structures include causing the nanofibers to form bonds or become glued with other nanofibers at the fiber intersections. The bonding can be induced by chemical modification of the surface of the nanofibers to promote bonding, by adding “gluing” agents and/or by pyrolyzing the nanofibeirs to cause fusion or bonding at the interconnect points.

Abstract: Electrocatalyst powders and methods for producing electrocatalyst powders, such as carbon composite electrocatalyst powders. The powders have a well-controlled microstructure and morphology. The method includes forming the particles from an aerosol of precursors by heating the aerosol to a relatively low temperature, such as not greater than about 400° C.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved catalyst, comprising a carbon support having a noble metal at its surface, for use in catalyzing liquid phase oxidation reactions, especially in an acidic oxidative environment and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; a process for the preparation of the improved catalyst; a liquid phase oxidation process using such a catalyst wherein the catalyst exhibits improved resistance to noble metal leaching, particularly in acidic oxidative environments and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; and a liquid phase oxidation process in which N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (i.e., “PMIDA”) or a salt thereof is oxidized to form N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (i.e., “glyphosate”) or a salt thereof using such a catalyst wherein the oxidation of the formaldehyde and formic acid by-products into carbon dioxide and water is increased.

Abstract: Method for treating atmospheric pollutants by contacting the atmosphere with a catalyst composition or adsorptive material coated on the surface of a substrate in which the catalyst composition or adsorptive material is protected from degradation by harmful contaminants contained in the atmosphere by a coating of at least one porous protective material and a device useful therefor.

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst and a process for hydrogenating an unsaturated polymer comprising contacting the unsaturated polymer with a hydrogenating agent in the presence of a mixed hydrogenation catalyst, characterized in that the mixed hydrogenation catalyst comprises a Group VIII metal component and at least one component selected from the group consisting of a rhenium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum and niobium component.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst, including molding a mixture of magnesium oxide with a binder selected from carbon, fatty acids having 12-22 carbon atoms, magnesium salts of fatty acids having 12-22 carbon atoms, carboxymethyl cellulose, a magnesium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol and calcining the molded mixture to obtain a carrier having a specific surface area of 5 m2/g of less. The carrier is impregnated with an aqueous solution containing Rh and/or Ru compounds for loading a catalytic metal component and then dried and calcined. The catalyst is used for reforming a lower hydrocarbon gas with steam and carbon dioxide or with carbon dioxide to produce a synthesis gas.

Abstract: A carbon fiber fabric having large specific surface area is made using a rayon precursor, and a catalyst is fixed on the fabric by impregnation or by cationic exchange. The carbon fiber fabric has pores with a mean size lying in the range 0.3 nm to 3 nm, a carbon content greater than 99%, and a high density of functional groups per unit area which favors the dispersion of metal catalyst in the form of fine particles and which is good for highly selective catalytic reactions in fine chemistry.

Abstract: This invention pertains to improved formulations of platinum-molybdenum alloys for use as anode catalysts. These electrocatalysts find utility as a constituent of gas diffusion electrodes for use in fuel cells that operate at less than 180° C. or in applications whereupon hydrogen is oxidized in the presence of carbon monoxide or other platinum inhibiting substances. The new formulations derive unexpected activity through creating highly dispersed alloy particles of up to approximately 300 Å on carbon supports. The desired activity is achieved by carefully controlling the platinum to molybdenum ratio during preparation and judiciously selecting a proper loading of alloy on the carbon support.

Abstract: The invention relates to catalysts containing ruthenium and at least one other metal having an atomic number in the range of from 23 to 82 prepared by (a) mixing a suspension of a ruthenium compound having a specific surface area in the range of from 50 to 300 m2/g with a solution of at least one metal compound in which at least one such metal compound contains a metal different from ruthenium and has an atomic number in the range of from 23 to 82, and (b) treating the mixture of the suspension and the solution with a reducing agent.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst containing at least one amorphous oxide matrix, at least one carbide and phosphorous deposited on said catalyst or contained in the matrix, in which the carbide contain at least one group VIB element and, optionally, at least one element from group VIII of the periodic table. The invention also concerns the use of the catalyst for hydrodesulphurisation and hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in gas oils with a low sulphur content.

Abstract: The synthesis of a carbon-based catalyst from sludge materials such as produced by the paper mill industry and the like is described wherein the treated material is subjected to processing including chemical activation with an appropriate metal-based activating agent, light and humidity treatment, and pyrolysis to result in a desired carbon-based catalyst.

Abstract: A fibril aggregate that includes a multiplicity of carbon fibrils whose longitudinal axes have substantially the same relative orientation, each of the fibrils characterized as having graphitic layers that are substantially parallel to its longitudinal axis and being free of a continuous thermal carbon overcoat, and a method of preparing such aggregates.

Abstract: The present invention involves an exhaust gas catalyst and method of manufacturing same. The invention provides for a cost-effective material which lowers the cold-start emissions from the exhaust of vehicles. The invention is a passive system which accelerates the light-off temperature of catalyst in a cost-effective fashion. The invention includes a method of manufacturing an exhaust gas catalyst capable of lowering cold-start emissions including the steps of providing an oxide mixture having praseodymium and cerium, doping about 0-10% weight zirconium and about 0-10% weight yttrium to the oxide mixture, adding about 0-2% weight metal including palladium, platinum, or rhodium to the oxide mixture, mixing gamma aluminum to the oxide mixture for washcoating and washcoating the oxide mixture onto a monolithic substrate.

Abstract: The invention features a photocatalytic body including: a porous medium 12 formed on a substrate 10; and photocatalytic material 14 supported on the porous medium. Supporting the photocatalytic material 14 on the porous medium 12 enables enhancement of its catalytic activity.

Abstract: A catalyst for a fuel cell containing polymer solid electrolyte, which catalyst contains platinum/ruthenium on a carrier in proportions of 2-4:8-6 on a mol basis and exhibits excellent resistance to catalyst poisoning attributed to carbon monoxide. In the present invention, there is disclosed a method for producing the catalyst, which-includes adding an alcohol to a mixture of an aqueous solution of a ruthenium compound and a platinum catalyst, reducing ruthenium, and causing ruthenium to precipitate at a reaction temperature between 60° C. and the boiling point of the mixture after addition of alcohol. A suitable alcohol may be ethanol or methanol in the concentration of 5-15 vol. % based on the total volume of the mixture, and a suitable heating temperature is in the vicinity of the boiling point of the mixture to which ethanol or methanol has been added.

Abstract: This invention is directed to making chemical derivatives of carbon nanotubes and to uses for the derivatized nanotubes, including making arrays as a basis for synthesis of carbon fibers. In one embodiment, this invention also provides a method for preparing single wall carbon nanotubes having substituents attached to the side wall of the nanotube by reacting single wall carbon nanotubes with fluorine gas and recovering fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes, then reacting fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes with a nucleophile. Some of the fluorine substituents are replaced by nucleophilic substitution. If desired, the remaining fluorine can be completely or partially eliminated to produce single wall carbon nanotubes having substituents attached to the side wall of the nanotube. The substituents will, of course, be dependent on the nucleophile, and preferred nucleophiles include alkyl lithium species such as methyl lithium.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved catalyst, comprising a carbon support having a noble metal at its surface, for use in catalyzing liquid phase oxidation reactions, especially in an acidic oxidative environment and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; a process for the preparation of the improved catalyst; a liquid phase oxidation process using such a catalyst wherein the catalyst exhibits improved resistance to noble metal leaching, particularly in acidic oxidative environments and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; and a liquid phase oxidation process in which N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (i.e., “PMIDA”) or a salt thereof is oxidized to form N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (i.e., “glyphosate”) or a salt thereof using such a catalyst wherein the oxidation of the formaldehyde and formic acid by-products into carbon dioxide and water is increased.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for fuel cells which comprises a conductive carbon, platinum supported on the conductive carbon in an amount of from 20% by mass to 70% by mass based on the mass of the catalyst, and oxygen bonded chemically to the conductive carbon and present in the range of from 0.7 to 3 in atomic ratio to the platinum. The present electrode catalyst can attain a high activity because the platinum crystallite diameter has been kept small even when the platinum is supported in a large quantity in the amount more than 20% by mass. The catalyst is useful in fuel cells, e.g., solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

Abstract: A multimetallic catalyst for hydrogenation of substituted nitroaromatic compounds to give the corresponding aromatic amines. By doping iridium with at least one element from the group manganese, cobalt, iron, nickel, copper and ruthenium, a catalyst is obtained which is characterized by high selectivity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a preparation process of a catalyst which comprises a noble metal and a metal as catalysis promoter in combination with an alkali or alkaline earth metal compound, supported on the outer surface of a carrier. The preparation process comprises impregnating the carrier with a solution containing an oxidative state noble metal as the main catalyst and an oxidative state metal as catalysis promoter, reducing the oxidative state metals into the metallic state in gaseous phase with a gaseous reducing agent under certain temperature, pressure, moisture and gas concentration, then impregnating the reduced carrier with a solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal compound. The metal components-supporting catalyst prepared by the process according to the present invention has a high surface area and exhibits high catalytic activity, which leads to increase the catalytic efficiency and life of this heterogeneous catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrogenating a dicarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid anhydride, or an ester thereof, said catalyst comprising palladium and rhenium supported on a carrier, characterized in that not more than 20% of analyzed points have an intensity ratio of 2 or larger, wherein a catalyst particle is analyzed by electron probe microscope analysis (EPMA) for rhenium along a longest diameter in a largest cross-section of the catalyst particle, and a rhenium intensity at each analyzed point is divided by an average intensity of all of the analyzed points to give the intensity ration, and that the carrier at least one active carbon selected from the group consisting of coal-based active carbon, coconut-based active carbon and peat-based active carbon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst consisting of a metal of the VIII group supported on acid activated carbon functionalized with sulfonic groups, a process for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen which uses said catalyst and the use of the hydrogen peroxide solution in oxidation processes catalyzed by titanium-silicalite.

Abstract: A catalyst for reforming of hydrocarbons with less reduction in activity. An improved steam-reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons, wherein the active component Ni is supported on an &agr;-Al2O3 or CaO—Al2O3carrier, a part of the active component Ni is combined with the carrier to form a compound NiAl2O4, and carbon is contained in both of the Ni and NiAl2O4 components, and the grating constant of Ni and the grating constant of NiAl2O4 in the catalyst are increased as compared with those of the catalyst before carbon is added to in both of the said components.

Abstract: This invention concerns composite materials comprising a plurality of carbon fibrils in a matrix wherein the carbon fibrils are each characterized by a substantially constant diameter between about 3.5 to 70 nanometers and are substantially free of pyrolytically deposited thermal carbon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a catalyst comprising a porous support and a catalytically active metal deposited thereon comprising the steps of treating the porous support with a solution of a salt of the catalytically active metal and a reducing agent to achieve electroless deposition of the catalytically active metal on the support. The invention also relates to a catalyst obtainable by the method and a process of producing hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stabilized bimetal catalyst comprising an electrically conductive support and a metallic deposited coating consisting of a first metal M1 chosen from platinum and silver and a second metal M2, different from the first and chosen from the group consisting of platinum, silver, gold, ruthenium, iridium, rhodium and osmium. The invention also relates to a process for obtaining such a catalyst.

Abstract: A carbon supported solid catalyst suitable for the vapor phase carbonylation of lower aliphatic alcohols, ethers, ester, and ester-alcohol mixtures, and desirably, methanol, to produce carboxylic acid, esters and mixtures thereof. The solid supported catalyst includes an effective amount of iridium and gold associated with a solid carbon support, and a halogen promoter.

Abstract: A particulate supported noble metal phase-controlled catalyst material having 5-1000 &mgr;m surface area of 50&mgr;500 m2/gm is provided for use in direct catalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) product from hydrogen and oxygen-containing feedstreams. The catalyst is made by depositing phase controlled crystals of a noble metal such as palladium on a suitable particulate support material such as carbon black, by utilizing a precursor solution of the metal and a suitable control ionic polymer having molecular weight of 300-8000 such as sodium polyacrylate in a selected metal to polymer molar ratio of 1:0.1 to 1:10, which procedure provides desired phase control of the noble metal atoms to form widely dispersed minute noble metal crystals on the support material. The invention includes methods for making the catalyst, and also a process for utilizing the catalyst to directly produce high yields of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) product from hydrogen and oxygen-containing gaseous feedstreams.

Abstract: This invention pertains to improved formulations of platinum--molybdenum alloys for use as anode catalysts. These electrocatalysts find utility as a constituent of gas diffusion electrodes for use in fuel cells that operate at less than 180.degree. C. or in applications whereupon hydrogen is oxidized in the presence of carbon monoxide or other platinum inhibiting substances. The new formulations derive unexpected activity through creating highly dispersed alloy particles of up to approximately 300 .ANG. on carbon supports. The desired activity is achieved by carefully controlling the platinum to molybdenum ratio during preparation and judiciously selecting a proper loading of alloy on the carbon support.

Abstract: A naphtha or a middle distillate hydrocarbon is hydrodenitrogenized by hydrotreating in the presence of a catalyst containing a carbon support bearing (i) molybdenum or tungsten, (ii) a metal of non-noble Group VIII, and (iii) chromium.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising an effective amount of iridium and at least one second metal selected from the Lanthanide Series of the Periodic Table is useful for vapor phase carbonylation to produce carboxylic acids and esters from lower alkyl alcohols, ethers and ester-alcohol mixtures. The iridium and secondary metal are deposited on a support material, preferably carbon. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the catalyst is useful for vapor phase carbonylation to produce acetic acid, methyl acetate and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for producing carbon fibrils is made by incorporating an effective yield-enhancing amount of a carboxylate into a fibril-forming catalyst. Alternatively, such a catalyst is made by coprecipitating a compound of a metal having fibril-forming catalytic properties and an aluminum and/or magnesium compound, optionally in the presence of carbon particles or carbon fibril aggregates. The catalyst may also be made by incorporating a compound of a fibril-forming metal onto magnesia particles in carbon particles or carbon fibril aggregates. The catalysts, methods of using them to form carbon fibrils and those carbon fibrils are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for use in a rechargeable metal-air electrochemical cell comprises an oxygen evolution catalyst coated with a thin film deposition of carbon. This catalyst is useful to make an air electrode which produces more power in a metal-air cell then a metal-air cell having oxygen evolution catalyst without the thin carbon film.

Abstract: Hydrogenation catalysts comprising metallic palladium supported on activated carbon, wherein less than 50% by weight of the palladium is comprised within a surface layer with a depth of up to 50 microns, the remainder being comprised in a layer between 50 and 400 microns deep. The catalysts can be used in particular in purifying terephthalic acid obtained by oxidation of p-xylene.

Abstract: A platinum/ruthenium alloy catalyst that includes finely dispersed alloy particles on a powdery, electrically conductive carrier material. The catalyst is particularly resistant to carbon monoxide poisoning when the alloy particles display mean crystallite sizes of 0.5 to less than 2 nm.

Abstract: A method for preparing an oil soluble catalytic precursor includes the steps of: providing a mixture of a catalytic metal salt in water, wherein the catalytic metal salt contains a catalytic metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and mixtures thereof; providing a heavy hydrocarbon phase; forming a water in oil emulsion of the mixture in the heavy hydrocarbon phase; and heating the emulsion at a temperature sufficient to dehydrate the emulsion so as to provide a hydrocarbon containing an oil soluble compound containing the catalytic metal.

Abstract: Novel, chiral diarsine compounds, which are present in the (R)- or (S)- or (rac)-form, of the formula ##STR1## wherein R signifies an optionally substituted aryl from the group of phenyI, naphthyl, furyl and thienyl; C.sub.3-8 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.1-8 -alkyl;R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 each independently signify C.sub.1-8 -alkyl, C.sub.1-8 -alkoxy, aryloxy, F or Cl,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently also signify hydrogen orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together signify tetramethylene or a benzo or benzofuro system or dioxymethylene on the respective benzene ring; orR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together signify dioxymethylene,and the manufacture of the diarsine compounds of formula I, as well as complexes of the compounds of formula I with Group VIII metal and their use for enantioselective reactions.

Abstract: The invention herein relates to a catalyst for enhancing the conversion of the dehydrogenation reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethylbenzene under a flow of carbon dioxide, which is expressed by the following formula I, wherein a catalyst in which an active component of iron oxides is highly dispersed onto a zeolite, activated charcoal, .gamma.-alumina or silica carrier. Further, the invention relates to a dehydrogenation method of aromatic hydrocarbons by means of using said catalyst:(Fe.sup.II.sub.x Fe.sup.III.sub.y O.sub.z)/S (I)wherein S denotes a zeolite, activated charcoal, .gamma.-alumina or silica carrier, and the initial state of iron oxide is as follows:x=0.

Abstract: A ruthenium-based hydrogenation catalyst, particularly but not exclusively for hydrogenolysis under pressure of higher polyhydric alcohols, comprises ruthenium supported on granular activated carbon, and has: a specific surface area of from 600 to 1000 m2/g; a total pore volume of from 0.5 to 1.2 cm3/g; an apparent specific weight (bulk density) of from 0.45 to 0.55 g/cm3; an actual specific weight of from 1.9 to 2.3 g/cm3; a total volume of micropores having a radius smaller than 75 A of from 0.4 to 0.55 cm3/g; and an ash content of from 2 to 5% by weight. The catalyst is used in a method for the continuous production of lower polyhydric alcohols in a fixed bed reactor, by means of hydrogenolysis under pressure of higher polyhydric alcohols.