Abstract: The present invention includes an apparatus, system and method for screening and making one or more electrocatalysts, electrocatalyst arrays, electrodes and catalysts for an oxygen reduction reaction with a Group VIII noble metal in contact with a component-M o form a Group VIII noble metal-M alloy, wherein component-M is one or more metals selected from Groups IIIA, IVA, VIII, IB, IIB, VB, VIB, VIIB and VIIIB of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel electrode-catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell prepared by introducing a carbon precursor into pores of a wormhole-like molecular sieve template, carbonizing the carbon precursor, removing the molecular sieve template to obtain a wormhole-like mesoporous carbon having a high specific surface of 800-1000 m2/g and a pore size of 4-5 nm, and depositing catalyst metal such as Pt—Ru on the mesoporous carbon.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for forming combinatorial libraries comprising arrays of materials prepared by depositing a metal species on a support for use as catalysts, such as electrocatalysts. The invention is also directed to combinatorial libraries comprising an array of such metal-containing supported catalysts. These catalyst-containing libraries are particularly well-suited for use in conducting combinatorial research investigations, in particular with respect to electrocatalysts for fuel cells.

Abstract: A system and process to activate, regenerate and use a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst at Fisher-Tropsch vessel reaction temperatures from about 100° C. to about 300° C.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing electrode catalyst fine particles capable of affording formed catalysts such as membranes excellent in uniformity and strength and also employable as catalyst to exhibit high catalytic activity over long periods because fine metal particles are highly distributed on carriers to make particle growth or the like less likely to occur. Electrode catalyst fine particles comprise fine particles which have an average particle diameter of 10 nm to 10 ?m and in which fine metal particles are supported on carrier particles, wherein a potential difference (absolute value of (II) minus (I)) between a flow potential (I) of a water dispersion of the fine metal particles at 1 wt % concentration and a pH of 3 to 8 and a flow potential (II) of a water dispersion of the carrier particles at 1 wt % concentration and a pH of 4 to 10, is in the range of 10 to 3000 mV.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] The invention provides inexpensive carbon fiber filler material, which has a low content of metal impurity and enables the resin composite material to exhibit conductivity when added thereto in a small amount. [Means to Solve the Problem] (1) carbon nanofiber containing iron (Fe) of 6 mass % or less and vanadium (V) of 3 mass % or less as a metal impurity other than carbon, which does not substantially contain metal elements other than Fe and V, (2) a method for producing carbon nanofiber characterized in contacting a catalyst in which Fe and V are supported on a carbon support and a carbon-containing compound at a high temperature, (3) a resin composite material in which the carbon nanofiber is blended and (4) use thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of heterogeneous catalysis, and more particularly to catalysts including carbon supports having formed thereon compositions which comprise a transition metal in combination with nitrogen and/or carbon. The invention further relates to the fields of catalytic oxidation, including the preparation of secondary amines by the catalytic oxidation of tertiary amines.

Abstract: A layered electrocatalyst for oxidizing ammonia, ethanol, or combinations thereof, comprising: a carbon support integrated with a conductive metal; at least one first metal plating layer at least partially deposited on the carbon support, wherein the at least one first metal plating layer is active to OH adsorption and inactive to a target species, and wherein the at least one first metal plating layer has a thickness ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 microns; and at least one second metal plating layer at least partially deposited on the at least one first metal plating layer, wherein the at least one second metal plating layer is active to the target species, and wherein the at least one second metal plating layer has a thickness ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 microns, forming a layered electrocatalyst.

Abstract: A metal-supported porous carbon film wherein metal fine particles with a mean particle diameter of 0.7-20 nm are dispersed and supported on pore surface walls, fuel cell electrodes employing the metal-supported porous carbon film, a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the fuel cell electrodes bonded on both sides of a polymer electrolyte film, and a fuel cell comprising the fuel cell electrode as a constituent element. The support structure is such that metal fine particles having a controlled particle size are uniformly supported to allow effective utilization of the metal-based catalyst, and the fabrication steps are simple.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for hydrogenating aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding amines in the presence of hydrogenation catalysts, which comprises using hydrogenation catalysts in which nickel and platinum are present on a support in the form of an alloy having an atomic ratio of nickel to platinum in the alloy of between 30:70 and 70:30.

Abstract: The invention relates to physical chemistry and can be used for adjusting the rate of autocatalytic hydrogenation reactions. The method for producing a palladium-containing hydrogenation catalyst consists in reducing divalent palladium from the initial compound thereof and precipitating the thus reduced palladium on a carbon material, wherein, according to said invention, the initial compound is embodied in the form of tetra aqua-palladium (II) perchlorate. The reduced palladium is precipitated on a nano-carbon material which can be embodied in the form of fullerene C60, carbon nanotubes, cathodic deposit and the mixture of C60 and C70 fullerenes at the following ratio thereof: 60-80 mass % fullerene C60 and 20-40 mass % fluorine C70. The invention makes it possible to develop the method for producing a palladium-containing hydrogenation catalyst which exhibits a higher catalytic activity and operates in softer conditions (at a room temperature and a normal (atmospheric) pressure).

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a platinum alloy supported electrocatalyst for gas diffusion electrode and/or in catalyst-coated membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst powder contained in an electrode, wherein the catalyst powder includes a catalytic substance supported on a conductive powder, the catalytic substance being comprised of at least a catalyst, the weight ratio of the catalytic substance to the catalyst powder is in the range of 55 to 75 wt %, and the areal density of the catalytic substance is in the range of 1 to 3 mg/cm2. Also disclosed is a catalyst electrode including a catalyst powder and a solid polymer electrolyte, the catalyst powder including a catalytic substance supported on a conductive powder, the catalytic substance being comprised of at least a catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the catalytic substance to the catalyst powder is in the range of 55 to 75 wt %, and the areal density of the catalytic substance in the catalyst powder is in the range of 1 to 3 mg/cm2.

Abstract: A method of making a catalyst. The method comprises the step of leaching a portion of the bulk of an alloy. The alloy may be a hydrogen storage alloy.

Abstract: The use of fuel cells to produce electricity are known as an environmentally clean and reliable source of energy, and show promise as an automotive power source if the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell can be made less expensive, more durable, reduce or eliminate humidification of the reactive gases, and operate at temperatures encountered during automotive operating conditions. The use of an electro-catalyst formed from heteropoly acids immobilized by a conductive material, such as carbon or platinum black, and stabilizing a metallic black with the immobilized conductive material addressed these automotive fuel cell needs. Coating the fuel cell electrode, polymer electrolyte assembly with a nano-particle catalyst derived from a heteropoly acid provided anodic carbon monoxide tolerance at anodic overpotentials and an active cathodic oxygen reduction. The heteropoly acids can also function as supercapacitor electrode films.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a carbon composite is provided. The method includes providing a carbon-containing resin material having an appropriate concentration of catalyst particles. Thereafter, the resin material may be extruded through an aperture while being exposed to a high temperature range to permit polymerization of the extruded resin material. A subsequent exposure of the extruded resin material to another elevated temperature range causes carbon in the resin material to couple to the catalyst particles to promote carbon nanotube growth and transformation of the resin material to a reinforced composite material. Reinforced composite materials are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a catalytic composition comprising at least one non-noble metal from group VIII and at least one metal from group VIB of the periodic table. The invention also relates to the catalytic composition thus produced, which has a high specific activity in reactions involving the hydroprocessing of light and intermediate fractions, preferably in reactions involving the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon streams, including hydrodesulphurisation (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydro-dearomatisation (HDA).

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward a matrix containing nanosized metal components and carbon nanotubes, with the carbon nanotubes being produced in situ by the nanosized metal components upon the contacting of the nanosized metal components with a carbon source under conditions sufficient to produce the carbon nanotubes. Also disclosed are methods of producing the matrix containing the nanosized metal components and carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a catalyst for the manufacture of methyl mercaptan from carbon oxides comprising Mo and K compounds and oxides or sulfides of metals chosen from the manganese group. The improvement of the present process consists of the fact that carbon dioxide can be converted with higher conversions and selectivities to methyl mercaptan as compared to state-of-the-art technologies, with only minor amounts of carbon monoxide being formed as side product. Simultaneously, carbon monoxide can be easily converted into carbon dioxide and hydrogen by reaction with water using established water-gas-shift-technologies thus increasing the overall selectivity to methyl mercaptan.

Abstract: A catalyst-carried particulate filter contains a catalyst obtained by mixing Pt/alumina acting to promote the burning of particulates in a high temperature range, a second oxide acting to promote the burning of particulates in a low temperature range and a first oxide acting to promote the burning of particulates in an intermediate temperature range.

Abstract: Enhanced methods for preparing activated carbons have been discovered. In order to form an activated carbon, a carbon precursor material is coated with a phosphorus based chemical solution and physically activated. An activated carbon may also be formed by coating a green carbon precursor with a chemical solution that chemically reacts with carbon, carbonizing the resulting material, and physically activating the material during at least a portion of the carbonizing step. An activated carbon may also be formed by milling a carbon material to a predetermined particle size, then activating the milled particles. In another enhancement, an activated carbon is formed by coating a carbon or carbon precursor with nanoparticles, carbonizing if the carbon is a carbon precursor, then catalytically activating in air and an inert gas, and physically activating in steam or carbon dioxide. An activated carbon may also be formed by physically activating a previously chemically activated carbon.

Abstract: After a titanium nitride (TiN) thin film is formed on a silicon substrate, cobalt (Co) fine particles and nickel (Ni) fine particles are deposited in a mixed state on the titanium nitride (TiN) thin film, and CNTs are sequentially grown from the cobalt (Co) fine particles and the nickel fine particles by varying growth conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrocatalyst for fuel cells, in which a porous carbon material including pores having a diameter smaller than a kinetic diameter of carbon monoxide is used as a support body and contact probability between an activated metal and carbon monoxide is decreased, thereby preventing fuel cell performance from being degraded by carbon monoxide. The electrocatalyst is obtained by adsorbing 10-80 parts by weight of an activated metal to 20-90 parts by weight of a porous support body, characterized in that the porous support body has a total surface area of 200-2,500 m2/g including an outer surface thereof and an inner surface of pores thereof, and has a plurality of pores penetrating into an interior of the support body with an average diameter of 2-15 nm and a total volume of 0.4-2.0 m3/g, and the activated metal is alloyed with 20-95 at % of platinum and 5-80 at % of one metal selected from among Ru, Sn, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Fe and Mn.

Abstract: A photocatalytic metal deposition process and a resulting nanocomposite are described. The nanocomposite includes an electrically conducting carbonaceous material, a photoactive metal oxide and a metal. Metals for deposition include noble metals, metal alloys and other transition metals in which the metal is laid down precisely and in a predetermined fashion on one or more surfaces of a composite. Deposition provides a high performance electrocatalyst for a number of suitable applications.

Abstract: A composition for use as a catalyst in, for example, a fuel cell, the composition comprising platinum, copper and tungsten, or an oxide, carbide and/or salt of one or more of platinum, copper and tungsten, wherein the sum of the concentrations of platinum, copper and tungsten, or an oxide, carbide and/or salt thereof, is greater than 90 atomic percent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carbon-supported PtRu anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) which has a platinum/ruthenium content in the range from 80 to 98 wt. %, preferably in the range from 85 to 98 wt. %, particularly preferably in the range from 85 to 95 wt. % (based on the total weight of the catalyst), on a carbon-based electrically conductive support material and has a mean particle size of less than 3 nm. The catalyst is prepared using a carbon black support material having a specific surface area (measured by the BET method) in the range from 1000 to 2000 m2/g by means of a reduction process using chemical reducing agents with addition of organic acids. Electrodes and membrane-electrode units containing the catalyst according to the invention having a high precious metal loading have an electrode layer thickness of less than 80 ?m at a PtRu loading per unit area of the electrode of from 6 to 12 mg of PtRu/cm and lead to improved electric power in direct methanol fuel cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulphide catalyst for electrochemical reduction of oxygen particularly stable in chemically aggressive environments such as chlorinated hydrochloric acid. The catalyst of the invention comprises a noble metal sulphide single crystalline phase supported on a conductive carbon essentially free of zerovalent metal and of metal oxide phases, obtainable by reduction of metal precursor salts and thio-precursors with a borohydride or other strong reducing agent.

Abstract: A process for preparing shaped catalyst bodies whose active composition is a multielement oxide, in which a finely divided precursor mixture with addition of graphite having a specific particle size is shaped to the desired geometry and then treated thermally.

Abstract: A new method for preparing a supported catalyst is herein provided. The supported catalyst comprises a carbon nanotube network structure containing metal catalysts. The metal catalyst may be loaded onto functionalized carbon nanotubes before forming the carbon nanotube network structure. Alternatively, the metal catalyst may be loaded onto the carbon nanotube network structures themselves.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a mesoporous carbon molecular sieve, which can be used as a catalyst carrier capable of improving the activity of a supported catalyst and a method of preparing the same. Additionally, the invention is related to a supported catalyst employing the mesoporous carbon molecular sieve as a carrier, and a fuel cell employing the supported catalyst. The mesoporous carbon molecular sieve has an average primary particle size of less than about 500 nm, an average mesopore size in the range of about 3 nm to about 6 nm, and a surface area in the range of about 500 m2/g to about 2000 m2/g.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst for a fuel cell is provided which is capable of improving output characteristics of the fuel cell. Metal fine particles making up the catalyst for the fuel cell to be used as a fuel electrode and air electrode are formed by reducing platinum salt with molybdenum carbonyl. The catalyst for the fuel cell is formed by supporting platinum-molybdenum fine particles on carbon particles. By employing this reducing method, platinum-molybdenum fine particles being small in size and high in dispersibility can be obtained, making the catalyst for the fuel cell highly active. By constructing the fuel and air electrodes using the catalyst for the fuel cell, high outputs from the fuel cell are made possible.

Abstract: A new method for preparing a supported catalyst is herein provided. A carbon nanotube structure such as a rigid porous structure is formed from single walled carbon nanotubes. A metal catalyst is then loaded or deposited onto the carbon nanotube structure. The loaded carbon nanotube is preferably ground to powder form.

Abstract: Stable catalyst carrier impregnating solutions can be prepared using a component of a Group VIB metal, e.g., molybdenum, at high concentration, a component of a Group VIII metal, e.g., nickel, at low concentration, and a phosphorous component, e.g., phosphoric acid, at low concentration, provided that the Group VIII metal is in a substantially water-insoluble form and a particular sequence of addition of the components is followed, even when a substantially water-insoluble form of the Group VIB component is used. The resulting stabilized impregnating solution can be supplemented with additional Group VIII metal in water-soluble form to achieve increased levels of such metal in the final catalyst. Furthermore, uncalcined catalyst carriers impregnated with the stable solution and subsequently shaped, dried and calcined, have unexpectedly improved performance when used in the hydroprocessing of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a method for producing fullerene nanotube catalyst supports and compositions thereof. In one embodiment, fullerene nanotubes or fullerene nanotube structures can be employed as the support material. A transition metal catalyst is added to the fullerene nanotubes. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst metal cluster is deposited on the open nanotube end by a docking process that insures optimum location for the subsequent growth reaction. The metal atoms may be subjected to reductive conditions.

Abstract: A carbon black monolith comprising a matrix comprising ceramic material and carbon black dispersed throughout the matrix and a method for making a carbon black monolith comprising extruding an extrudable mixture including a carbon black, a ceramic forming material, water, an extrusion aid, and a flux material. A carbon black monolith catalyst comprising a finished self-supporting carbon black monolith having at least one passage therethrough, and comprising a supporting matrix and carbon black dispersed throughout the supporting matrix and at least one catalyst precursor on the finished self-supporting carbon black monolith. A method for making and a method for use of such a carbon black monolith catalyst in catalytic chemical reactions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Metallic aerogel compositions comprising an aerogel, e.g., RF or carbon aerogel, having metallic particles dispersed on its surface are disclosed. The aerogel compositions can have a uniform distribution of small metallic particles, e.g., 1 nanometer average particle diameter. Also disclosed are processes for making the aerogel compositions comprising contacting an aerogel with a supercritical fluid containing a metallic compound. The aerogel compositions are useful, for example in the manufacture of fuel cell electrodes.

Abstract: Fuel cell electrodes are fabricated on electrode base substrates. The electrode substrates can be evenly and uniformly covered with electrocatalysts, which are supported on carbon nanomaterials, and ionomers by means of filtration and pressing. The electrodes can be used as anodes or cathodes for membrane fuel cells, such as DMFC and PEMFC.

Abstract: A catalyst suitable for the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of hydrocarbons comprises at least one first metal and at least one second metal bound to a support material. The at least one first metal comprises at least one transition metal, suitably a platinum group metal. The support material is provided with an overlayer such that acidic sites on the support material are substantially blocked. In a preferred embodiment the catalyst is also substantially chloride free. Method of preparing catalyst are also disclosed.

Abstract: Electrocatalyst powders and methods for producing electrocatalyst powders, such as carbon composite electrocatalyst powders. The powders have a well-controlled microstructure and morphology. The method includes forming the particles from an aerosol of precursors by heating the aerosol to a relatively low temperature, such as not greater than about 400° C.

Abstract: A catalyst includes a noble metal particles supported on a carbon substrate. The average size of the noble metal particles is 3 nm or less, and in the elements present in the surface of the carbon substrate, the number ratio of nitrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is 10% or less and the number ratio of silicon atoms to oxygen atoms is 40% or less.

Abstract: A carbon black is provided which is useful as an electrocatalyst carrier. The carbon black has a DBP oil absorption of 170 to 300 cm3/100 g, a specific surface area as measured by a BET method of 250 to 400 m2/g, a primary particle diameter value of 10 to 17 nm, and a total volume of open pores at the surface which have a pore radius of 10 to 30 nm of 0.40 to 2.0 cm3/g. The electrocatalyst can be used in electrochemical devices such as solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and method of use of the catalyst composition for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The catalyst is cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) on a silica support. The Mo occurs primarily as dispersed Mo oxide clusters on the support while the Co is primarily in an octahedral configuration in a CoMoO4-like phase disposed on the Mo oxide clusters. In the method, the catalyst is used and the process conditions manipulated in such a manner as to enable the diameters of the SWNTs to be substantially controlled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the selective hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks that comprise sulfur-containing compounds and olefins. This catalyst comes in a sulfurized form and comprises a substrate that is selected from among the refractory oxides, at least one metal that is selected from the group that consists of the metals of groups VI and VII of the periodic table and carbon, whereby the carbon content is less than or equal to 2.8% by weight. The invention also relates to a method for the production of the catalyst that is described above, as well as a process that uses this catalyst for the selective hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks that contain sulfur-containing compounds and olefins.

Abstract: Noble metal catalysts and methods for producing the catalysts are provided. The catalysts are useful in applications such as fuel cells. The catalysts exhibit reduced agglomeration of catalyst particles as compared to conventional noble metal catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for refining the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in a commercial scale. The process comprises: sequentially performing fine desulfurization and mercaptan conversion of the LPG after alcohol amine treatment through desulfurizer and catalyst set in fixed bed reactor in the absence of alkali, wherein, during the fine desulfurization, the resultants of reaction between hydrogen sulfide in the LPG and Fe—Ca oxides or their hydrates adhered on the desulfurizer, and during the mercaptan conversion, the mercaptan in the LPG reacts with the residual trace amount of air in the LPG under the action of the catalyst to produce the disulfides; letting the formed disulfides along with the LPG flow out of the fixed bed reactor; rectifying the LPG after the mercaptan conversion to obtain the refined LPG products, with further rectification to obtain the valuable disulfide products.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst including two or more metal components used in an anode and/or a cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) or a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), a method of preparing the same, and a fuel cell including the electrode catalyst. The electrode catalyst includes an active Pt-based metal and an inactive La-based metal. By including the inactive metal component in the electrode catalyst, in addition to the active Pt-based metal component, higher catalyst activity can be obtained, and the amount of the expensive Pt-based metal can be decreased so that the fuel cell can be produced at relatively low costs. In addition, the active Pt-based metal and the inactive La-based metal are uniformly distributed so that agglomeration of the active Pt-based metal can be blocked (or prevented) and thus the catalyst activity can be maintained constant for a relatively long period of time.

Abstract: A nanostructured electrode comprising a conductive electrode substrate having a surface functional group, a catalytic nanoparticle stabilized by a covalently-bound ligand bearing a peripheral functional group capable of interacting to the surface functional group, and a material capable of binding to the peripheral functional group. The conductive electrode substrate can be chemically modified and the surface functional group can create a layer of charge or chemical reactivity. The conductive electrode substrate can be chemically or electrochemically modified to create a surface functional group via covalent grafting capable of supporting multilayer deposition to create a layer of charge or chemical reactivity on the surface. The nanoparticle can be a platinum nanoparticle with covalently bonded negatively-charged ligands and the bridging material can be a polyelectrolyte.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst for a fuel electrode of a solid polymer fuel cell, wherein the catalyst comprises fine precious metal particles loaded on a support composed of an electrically conductive material, and wherein the weight ratio of the fine precious metal particles and the support composed of an electrically conductive material (fine precious metal particles:electrically conductive material) is 60:40 to 95:5; and the fine precious metal particles satisfy the following conditions (a) to (c): (a) the fine precious metal particles contain platinum and ruthenium, and the mixing ratio thereof (platinum:ruthenium) is within a range between 1:1 and 1:3 in terms of molar ratio; (b) the fine precious metal particles have an average particle diameter of 3 to 10 nm; and (c) the fine precious metal particles contain oxygen, and the weight ratio of the fine precious metal particles and oxygen (fine precious metal particles:oxygen) is 86:14 to 96:4.

Abstract: Platinum alloy electrocatalysts for membrane fuel cell applications are fabricated. Conductive carbon blacks are used as supports. The platinum alloy electrocatalysts have binary or multiple components. The components are obtained through a polyol reduction. The electrocatalysts are used as anode catalysts of membrane fuel cells.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a simple method for preparing highly dispersed, highly loaded platinum metal elements on various carbon substrates, including conductive carbon black, which is utilized in fuel cell electrodes. Utilizing carbon with a controlled point of zero charge (PZC) and maintaining a desired pH value throughout the adsorption of metal onto the carbon substrate, a high metal loading is achieved for a given surface area of the carbon substrate.