Abstract: A porous catalyst includes at least one noble nano-metal particle, an oxide for forming porous structures, and a carrier material for supporting the oxide and the at least one noble nano-metal particle. The porous catalyst shows a large electrochemical surface area and a highly conductive ability. Further, the noble nano-metal particles are separated on the oxides uniformly, and the oxide of the catalyst forms a porous structure to provide a large electrochemical surface area. The porous catalyst provides excellent proton/electron transfer ability and increases the reaction rate.

Abstract: This invention provides novel fuel cell electrodes and catalysts comprising a series of catalytically active thin-film metal alloys with low platinum concentration supported on nanostructured materials (nanoparticles). Processing of the electrodes and catalysts can include electrodeposition methods, and high-pressure coating techniques. In certain embodiments, an integrated gas-diffusion/electrode/catalyst layer can be prepared by processing catalyst thin films and nanoparticles into gas-diffusion media such as Toray or SGL carbon fiber papers. The catalysts can be placed in contact with an electrolyte membrane for PEM fuel cell applications.

Abstract: A catalyst composition can include: a support; a ruthenium catalyst (Ru) nanoparticle; and a linker linking the Ru nanoparticle to the support, wherein the linker is stable under hydrogenolysis conditions. In one aspect, the linker can include 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTS) or derivatives thereof, such as those with amine functionality. In another aspect, the linker can include phosphotungstic acid (PTA) or other similar solid acid agents. In another aspect, the support can be selected from alumina, carbon, silica, a zeolite, TiO2, ZrO2, or another suitable material. A specific example of a support includes zeolite, such as a NaY zeolite. The Ru nanoparticle can have a size range from about 1 nm to about 25 nm, and can be obtained by reduction of Ru salts.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to nanotechnology, petrochemistry, gas chemistry, coal chemistry, in particular to a catalyst based on carbon nanotubes for synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H2 and a preparation method thereof. The carbon nanotubes fixed in the catalyst pellet pores improve mass and heat transfer in the catalyst pellet and the catalyst bed.

Abstract: A carbon nanosphere has at least one opening. The carbon nanosphere is obtained by preparing a carbon nanosphere and treating it with an acid to form the opening. The carbon nanosphere with at least one opening has higher utilization of a surface area and electrical conductivity and lower mass transfer resistance than a conventional carbon nanotube, thus allowing for higher current density and cell voltage with a smaller amount of metal catalyst per unit area of a fuel cell electrode.

Abstract: A catalyst-coated support including a sheetlike support, a primer layer applied thereto and composed of nanoparticles composed of silicon oxide-comprising material, and at least one catalyst layer applied to the primer layer. The layers applied are notable for a particularly good adhesive bond strength and can be used particularly efficiently in heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions, especially in microreactors.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte including a layered metal oxide represented by the formula (1), (La1-xAx)(Sr1-yBy)3(Co1-zCz)3O10-???(1) [wherein A represents a rare earth element other than La; B represents Mg, Ca, or Ba; C represents Ti, V, Cr, or Mn; 0?x?1, 0?y?1, 0?z<1; and ? represents an oxygen deficiency amount].

Abstract: An adhesive layer 3 is disposed between a carbon particle 2 and a catalyst substance 1 of a catalyst-supporting particle for a fuel cell containing the carbon particle 2 and the catalyst substance 1. Thereby, the catalyst-supporting particle for fuel cell can be obtained in which a contact resistance between the catalyst substance and the carbon particle supporting the same is lower, and the aggregation of the catalyst substance is suppressed. A catalyst electrode for a fuel cell and the fuel cell using the above particle have a higher output power and an excellent durability.

Abstract: Compositions, and methods of making thereof, comprising from about 1% to about 5% of a perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer or a hydrocarbon-based ionomer; and from about 95% to about 99% of a solvent, said solvent consisting essentially of a polyol; wherein said composition is substantially free of water and wherein said ionomer is uniformly dispersed in said solvent.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, a method of preparing the same, and a membrane electrode assembly and a fuel cell including the same. The electrode catalyst includes a catalyst particle that incorporates a plurality of palladium atoms, a plurality of atoms of a transition metal, and a plurality of atoms of a precious metal having a higher standard reduction potential than the transition metal, where all of the plurality of atoms of the transition metal are respectively surrounded by at least one of the palladium atoms, the neighboring atoms of the transition metal, or the atoms of the precious metal.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst containing a carbon material prepared by calcining a transition metal compound and a nitrogen-containing organic substance, or a transition metal compound, a nitrogen-containing organic substance, and a carbon compound not containing nitrogen, the oxidation catalyst oxidizing CO and/or a hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalysts and methods that can reform aqueous solutions of oxygenated compounds such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, sugar alcohols, and sugars to generate products such as hydrogen and alkanes. In some embodiments, aqueous solutions containing at least 20 wt % of the oxygenated compounds can be reformed over a catalyst comprising a Group VIII transition metal and a Group VIIB transition metal, preferably supported on an activated carbon-supported catalyst. In other embodiments, catalysts are provided for the production of hydrogen or alkanes at reaction temperatures less than 300° C.

Abstract: The hydrogenation catalyst comprises from 1 to 50% by weight, based on the total catalyst, of nickel on a carbon support, wherein the hydrogenation catalyst does not comprise any rhenium. Coconut shell carbon is preferably used as support.

Abstract: A supported catalyst is prepared by a process that includes establishing shell-removal conditions for a supported catalyst intermediate that includes capped nanoparticles of a catalyst material dispersed on a carbon support. The capped nanoparticles each include a platinum alloy core capped in an organic shell. The shell-removal conditions include an elevated temperature and an inert gas atmosphere that is substantially free of oxygen. The organic shell is removed from the platinum alloy core under the shell-removal conditions to limit thermal decomposition of the carbon support and thereby limit agglomeration of the catalyst material such that the supported catalyst includes an electrochemical surface area of at least 30 m2/g Pt.

Abstract: The invention is directed to core/shell type catalyst particles comprising a Mcore/Mshell structure with Mcore=inner particle core and Mshell=outer particle shell, wherein the medium diameter of the catalyst particle (dcore+shell) is in the range of 20 to 100 nm, 5 preferably in the range of 20 to 50 nm. The thickness of the outer shell (tshell) is about 5 to 20% of the diameter of the inner particle core of said catalyst particle, preferably comprising at least 3 atomic layers. The inner particle core (Mcore) of the particles comprises metal or ceramic materials, whereas the material of the outer shell (Mshell) comprises precious metals and/or alloys thereof. The core/shell type catalyst particles are preferably supported on suitable support materials such as carbon black and can be used as electrocatalysts for fuel cells and for other catalytic applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to active charcoals with improved mechanical properties. They can advantageously be used in the sweetening of petroleum fractions, as oxidation catalyst support in the conversion of mercaptans to disulphides, but also in any other type of reaction, such as, for example, for the oxidation of cyanide present in water or in the synthesis of glyphosate, and in processes for purification and/or separation by selective adsorption in a liquid phase and/or in a gas phase (decolouration of liquid foodstuffs, water treatment, air treatment, recovery of solvents, and the like).

Abstract: A composition comprising an admixture of at least platinum particles and metal nanoparticles of metal that, when in admixture with the platinum particles, beneficially alters the characteristics of the platinum, including metals selected from one or more of the metals in groups 3-16, lanthanides, combinations thereof, and/or alloys thereof. The composition could be used to form an ink that further comprises an ionically conductive material, such as a polymer, capable of ionic networking throughout the ink composition so as to create a substantially structurally coherent mass without significantly impacting the reactivity of a substantial number of the nanoparticles. In one application, the ink may be used to form a catalyst whereby the ink is applied to an electrically conductive backing material, such as carbon paper or fibers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composite material of a carbonaceous substance comprising a doped catalytic compound obtained by a sol-gel method. In one embodiment, the method comprises mixing a hydrolyzed solution comprising a precursor of a catalytic material with a carbonaceous material to obtain a sol. The sol is afterwards incubated while at the same time it is mixed. After incubation the sol is condensated to form a gel. After condensation the gel formed is subjected to a first calcination carried out in an oxidizing environment followed by a second calcination carried out in a non-oxidizing environment. The non-oxidizing environment comprises a second dopant comprising precursor material. Also, a solution of a first dopant comprising precursor material is added to the solution comprising an organometallic precursor of a catalytic material before hydrolyzation or before subjecting the gel to calcination, i.e. after hydrolyzation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for producing carbon nanofibres and/or carbon nanotubes, which process comprises pyrolysing a particulate cellulosic and/or carbohydrate substrate that has been impregnated with a compound of an element or elements, the metal or alloy, respectively, of which is capable of forming carbides, in a substantially oxygen free, volatile silicon compound containing atmosphere, optionally in the presence of a carbon compound.

Abstract: Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

Abstract: A method for producing an alloy catalyst for redox reaction comprising alloy particles of platinum and nickel, wherein the alloy particles are equipped at an outer surface with a crystal lattice plane represented by a Miller index {111} and have an average particle diameter in a range of 6 to 20 nm, the method comprising: dissolving, in an alcohol, a salt and/or complex of platinum, a salt and/or complex of nickel, and a polymer containing a plurality of salt structures comprising an organic cation and a halogen anion in a polymer chain and heating the resulting solution to reflux under an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: A catalyst material for preparing nanotubes, especially carbon nanotubes, said material being in the form of solid particles, said particles including a porous substrate supporting two superposed catalytic layers, a first layer, directly positioned on the substrate, including at least one transition metal from column VIB of the Periodic Table, preferably molybdenum, and a second catalytic layer, positioned on the first layer, comprising iron. Also, a process for preparing same and to a process for the synthesis of nanotubes using this catalyst material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ammoxidation catalyst containing vanadium oxide, titanium oxide and diamond.

Abstract: Porous carbon materials and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. One method includes forming a carbon-metal oxide composite by heating a coordination polymer to form a carbon-metal oxide composite, and then removing the metal oxide from the carbon-metal oxide composite. The porous carbon material has an average pore diameter ranging from about 10 nm to about 100 nm, and a d002 ranging from about 3.35 to 3.50 ?.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ink for producing catalyst layers for electrochemical devices. The ink comprises catalyst materials, ionomer material, water and at least one organic solvent. The organic solvent belongs to the class of tertiary alcohols and/or the class of aliphatic diketones and bears functional groups which are stable to oxidative degradation in the ink. This prevents formation of decomposition products in the ink. The ink of the invention displays a high storage stability and is used for producing catalyst-coated substrates for electrochemical devices, in particular fuel cells (PEMFCs, DMFCs).

Abstract: Techniques herein prepare an alloy catalyst using a protective conductive polymer coating. More particularly, an alloy catalyst is prepared by: preparing a platinum catalyst supported on carbon; coating the surface of the platinum catalyst with a conductive polymer; supporting a transition metal salt on the coated catalyst; and heat treating the catalyst on which the transition metal salt is supported. Also, an alloy catalyst may be prepared by: preparing a platinum-transition metal catalyst supported on carbon; coating the surface of the platinum-transition metal catalyst with a conductive polymer; and heat treating the coated catalyst. Accordingly an alloy catalyst with superior dispersity can be prepared by increasing the degree of alloying of the catalyst through heat treatment while preventing the increase of catalyst particle size through carbonization of the conductive polymer. The prepared catalyst may be useful, for example, for a fuel cell electrode.

Abstract: Catalyst comprising a support and a catalytically active material for use as heterogeneous catalyst for electrochemical reactions, wherein the support is a carbon support having a BET surface area of less than 50 m2/g. The invention further relates to the use of the catalyst as electrode catalyst in a fuel cell.

Abstract: A multimetallic nanoscale catalyst having a sore portion enveloped by a shell portion and exhibiting high catalytic activity and improved catalytic durability. In various embodiments, the core/shell nanoparticles comprise a gold particle coated with a catalytically active platinum bimetallic material. The shape of the nanoparticles is substantially defined by the particle shape of the core portion. The nanoparticles may be dispersed on a high surface area substrate for use as a catalyst and is characterized by no significant loss in surface area and specific activity following extended potential cycling.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, which comprises a Ru-containing metal microparticle supported on an electrically conductive carbon carrier, wherein M2RuX6 [M=at least one member selected from H, Li, Na, K and NH4; X=at least one member selected from Cl, Br, I and NO3] is used as a precursor of Ru. It becomes possible to produce an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, which is improved in the methanol oxidation activity per mass or surface area of the catalyst compared with a conventional Pt- and Ru-carrying carbon catalyst prepared by using a Ru raw material having an average valency of 3.

Abstract: According to a first embodiment of a production method of an oxidation catalyst device for exhaust gas purification of the present invention, a plurality of slurries containing a catalyst precursor prepared from mutually different organic acids is coated respectively on a porous filter carrier (2) and calcined. According to a second embodiment of the present invention, the slurry contains the catalyst precursor having a particle diameter distribution ranging from 0.5 to 10 ?m, and the slurry has a viscosity equal to or below 2.0 mPa·s. The oxidation catalyst device of the present invention is composed of a composite metal oxide on a surface of a cell division and a surface of an air pore of the porous filter carrier having a wall-flow structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for electro-chemical applications comprising an alloy of platinum and a transition metal, wherein the transition metal has an absorption edge similar to the absorption edge of the transition metal in oxidic state, measured with x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) wherein the measurements are performed in concentrated H3PO4 electrolyte. The invention further relates to a process for an oxygen reduction reaction using the catalyst as electrocatalyst.

Abstract: A porous catalyst includes at least one noble nano-metal particle, an oxide for forming porous structures, and a carrier material for supporting the oxide and the at least one noble nano-metal particle. The porous catalyst shows a large electrochemical surface area and a highly conductive ability. Further, the noble nano-metal particles are separated on the oxides uniformly, and the oxide of the catalyst forms a porous structure to provide a large electrochemical surface area. The porous catalyst provides excellent proton/electron transfer ability and increases the reaction rate.

Abstract: Nanoparticles which contain noble metals alone or noble metals in combination with base metals. The nanoparticles are embedded in an aqueous solution of a temporary stabilizer based on a polysaccharide.

Abstract: A photocatalytic metal deposition process and a resulting nanocomposite are described. The nanocomposite includes an electrically conducting carbonaceous material, a photoactive metal oxide and a metal. Metals for deposition include noble metals, metal alloys and other transition metals in which the metal is laid down precisely and in a predetermined fashion on one or more surfaces of a composite. Deposition provides a high performance electrocatalyst for a number of suitable applications.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward a matrix containing nanosized metal components and carbon nanotubes, with the carbon nanotubes being produced in situ by the nanosized metal components upon the contacting of the nanosized metal components with a carbon source under conditions sufficient to produce the carbon nanotubes. Also disclosed are methods of producing the matrix containing the nanosized metal components and carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A platinum alloy catalyst PtXY, wherein X is nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper, titanium or manganese and Y is tantalum or niobium, characterised in that in the alloy the atomic percentage of platinum is 46-75 at %, of X is 1-49 at % and of Y is 1-35 at %; provided that the alloy is not 66 at % Pt20 at % Cr14 at % Ta or 50 at % Pt, 25 at % Co, 25 at % Ta is disclosed. The catalyst has particular use as an oxygen reduction catalyst in fuel cells, and in particular in phosphoric acid fuel cells.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the production of metal-carbon containing bodies, which process comprises impregnating cellulose, cellulose-like or carbohydrate bodies with an aqueous solution of at least one metal compound, followed by heating the impregnated bodies in an inert and substantially oxygen-free atmosphere, thereby reducing at least part of the at least one metal compound to the corresponding metal or metal alloy.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of increasing the mesopore volume of a porous activated carbon, comprising coating a porous activated carbon with a metal oxide or metal oxide precursor to form a treated activated carbon; and calcining the treated activated carbon, in a dry atmosphere, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to increase the mesopore volume of the treated activated carbon. The invention also provides an activated carbon having a total mesopore volume of at least about 0.10 cc/g and less than about 0.25 cc/g, and a percentage of mesopore volume per total pore volume of at least about 15% and less than about 35%. Activated carbon modified according to the invention, cigarette filters incorporating such activated carbon, and smoking articles made with such filters are included in the invention.

Abstract: This invention provides a platinum/carbon nanotube catalyst applicable to heterogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation, which is fabricated by supporting platinum on carbon nanotube carriers. The catalyst is prepared by the steps of: heating purified carbon nanotubes in nitric acid, filtering and washing the same with water until pH value of the filtrate becomes neutral, drying the carbon nanotubes; immersing the carbon nanotube carriers obtained in an aqueous chloroplatinic acid solution and carrying out ultrasonic treatment at room temperature; immersing the mixture of the carbon nanotubes and the aqueous chloroplatinic acid solution under stirring; drying the material by heating to 110° C. from room temperature and maintaining this temperature; grinding the product to fine powders, reducing the fine powders with an aqueous sodium formate solution under a heating condition, filtering and washing the product with deionized water, and drying the product.

Abstract: The present invention features a method for preparing core-shell nanoparticles supported on carbon. In particular, the present invention features a method for preparing core-shell nanoparticles supported on carbon, including: dispersing core nanoparticle powder supported on carbon in ethanol; adding a metal precursor which forms a shell and hydroquinone thereto; and mixing and reducing the same. Preferably, the disclosed method for preparing core-shell nanoparticles supported on carbon enables coating of transition metal nanoparticles including platinum on the surface of core metal nanoparticles at a monolayer level. Prepared core-shell nanoparticles of the present invention may be useful as catalysts or electrode materials of fuel cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming a catalyst comprising catalytic nanoparticles and a catalyst support, wherein the catalytic nanoparticles are embedded in the catalyst support, comprising forming the catalytic nanoparticles on carbon particle, dispersing the carbon particle in a solution comprising precursors of the catalyst support to form a suspension, heating the suspension to form a gel, subjecting the gel to incineration to form a powder, and sintering the powder to form the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst support for an electrochemical system includes a high surface area carbon core structure and a surface modifier modifying the surface of the carbon core structure. The surface modifier includes boron-doped diamond (BDD) and a high surface area refractory material. The high surface area refractory material includes metal oxides, metal phosphates, metal borides, metal nitrides, metal silicides, metal carbides and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method of forming a supported catalyst for a fuel cell includes depositing platinum onto a carbon support material, depositing a first alloy metal onto the carbon support material following the deposition of the platinum, and depositing a second alloy metal onto the carbon support material following the deposition of the first alloy metal. The first alloy metal is selected from iridium, rhodium, palladium, and combinations thereof, and the second alloy metal includes a first or second row transition metal.

Abstract: A supported catalyst having an atomic level single atom structure is provided such that substantially all the catalyst is available for catalytic function. A process of forming a single atom catalyst unto a porous catalyst support is also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst system for generating at least one polyol from a feedstock comprising saccharide is performed in a continuous or batch manner. Generating the polyol involves, contacting, hydrogen, water, and a feedstock comprising saccharide, with a catalyst system to generate an effluent stream comprising at least one polyol and recovering the polyol from the effluent stream. The catalyst system comprises at least one unsupported component and at least one supported component.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises a particulate support and catalyst nanoparticles on the particulate support. The catalyst nanoparticles comprise an alloy of platinum and palladium in an atomic ratio of from about 25:75 to about 75:25 and are present in a concentration of between about 3 and about 10 wt % weight percent of the catalyst composition. The catalyst composition has an X-ray diffraction pattern that is substantially free of the (311) diffraction peak assignable to PtxPd1-x, where 0.25?x?0.75.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ammonia decomposition catalyst which is obtained by heat-treating a complex at a temperature of 360° C. to 900° C. in a reducing atmosphere, wherein the complex containing a polymer having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 500,000 represented by the formula [I], a transition metal coordinated with the polymer, and an activated carbon or a carbon nanotube added thereto. In a case of using the carbon nanotube, an alkali metal compound or an alkaline earth metal compound is added to the heat-treated complex. R1 represents H or hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 each represent H, halogen, nitro, acyl, ester, carboxyl, formyl, nitrile, sulfone, aryl, or alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, X and Y each represent H or OH, Z represents CH or N, R4 and R5 each represent H, OH, ether, amino, aryl, or alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, x represents a real number of 1 to 2, y represents a real number of 1 to 3, and n represents a real number of 2 to 120.

Abstract: After a titanium nitride (TiN) thin film is formed on a silicon substrate, cobalt (Co) fine particles and nickel (Ni) fine particles are deposited in a mixed state on the titanium nitride (TiN) thin film, and CNTs are sequentially grown from the cobalt (Co) fine particles and the nickel fine particles by varying growth conditions.

Abstract: The present invention features a method for preparing a PtCo nanocube catalyst, the method comprising dissolving a platinum (Pt) precursor, a cobalt (Co) precursor, a surface stabilizer and a reducing agent in a solvent to prepare a solution; heating the solution under an inert gas atmosphere; maintaining the temperature of the solution to obtain PtCo alloy nanocubes; adsorbing the PtCo alloy nanocubes on a carbon support to obtain a catalyst; and removing the surface stabilizer from the catalyst. The disclosed method for preparing a PtCo nanocube catalyst enables preparation of nanocubes with uniform size and cubic shape through a simple process and application for development of high-efficiency fuel cells by preventing change in shape, surface area and composition caused by agglomeration of the nanocubes.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst, suitable for use in a fuel cell, comprises an alloy having a single crystalline phase, wherein the alloy consists of 5-95 at % palladium, 5-95 at % ruthenium and less than 10 at % of other metals, provided that the alloy does not consist of 50 at % palladium and 50 at % ruthenium.