Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode catalyst for fuel cells, achieving enhanced utilization efficiency of the catalyst. Also disclosed are an electrode for fuel cells by use of the catalyst and a fuel cell. The electrode catalyst for fuel cells is featured in that a compound having at least one functional group and at least one proton-accepting group in the molecule is adsorbed onto a metal catalyst, and the functional group being partially or wholly constituted of a sulfur element or a nitrogen element as its constituent atoms.

Abstract: A fuel cell catalyst comprising platinum, chromium, and copper, nickel or a combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the concentration of platinum is less than 50 atomic percent, and/or the concentration of chromium is less than 30 atomic percent, and/or the concentration of copper, nickel, or a combination thereof is at least 35 atomic percent.

Abstract: A plurality of carbon-metal nanocomposites. In one embodiment, the plurality of carbon-metal nanocomposites includes a plurality of carbons with a molecular structure that shows a first peak in the range of 1585 to 1565 cm?1 in a corresponding Raman spectrum, and a second peak in the range of 1325 to 1355 cm?1 in the corresponding Raman spectrum, wherein the first peak represents carbons with a graphitic nature and the second peak represents nanodiamonds, and wherein the plurality of carbon-metal nanocomposites is made from a metal derivative or metal chelated derivative of a carbon-containing precursor in solid form that is subjected to microwave radiation at a frequency in the range of 900 MHz to 5.8 GHz, for a period of time effective to allow the plurality of carbon-metal nanocomposites to be formed.

Abstract: Although nanoparticles capable of providing an extremely large active surface area have highly marked advantages, when a PEFC electrode utilizing nanoparticles is used for a prolonged period of time, the catalyst nanoparticles on carrier of the PEFC electrode because of the nano-size thereof migrate and aggregate together to result in a rapid loss of activity. Thus, there is a demand for inhibition of the above aggregation so as to prevent any drop of catalytic activity. According to the present invention the aggregation of nanoparticles can be inhibited by catalyst nanoparticles containing Pt wherein a porous matter containing an inorganic oxide is disposed on the surface of the catalyst nanoparticles. When use is made of nanoparticles whose surface has undergone specific modification, excellent activity can be realized. Therefore, there are provided surface-modified nanoparticles and catalyst and further a PEFC electrode utilizing these nanoparticles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst composite containing a metal catalyst and a specifically defined carbon support containing a carbonaceous material. For example, the carbon support may have a total pore surface area of about 800 m2/g or more and about 2,000 m2/g or less where about 20% or less of the total pore surface area is micro pore surface area. Alternatively the carbon support may have a total pore volume of at least about 0.75 cc/g where about 15% or less of the total pore volume is micro pore volume. Alternatively, the carbon support may have a phosphorus content of about 0.75% by weight or less. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the catalyst composite.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal nanocolloidal liquid characterized by containing a dispersion medium and nanocolloidal metal particles, and containing substantially no protective colloid-forming agent; and a method for producing a metal-on-carrier, characterized by including causing nanocolloidal metal particles to be carried on a carrier by use of the metal nanocolloidal liquid. According to the production method, nanocolloidal metal particles can be efficiently caused to be carried on a carrier, and a metal-on-carrier which is useful in a variety of fields can be industrially advantageously produced.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a short carbon nanotube for a catalyst support. In particular, the short carbon nanotube may be opened at both ends, a length of less than about 300 nm, and an aspect ratio in the range of about 1 to about 15. The short carbon nanotube has a broad surface area and better electric conductivity and is opened at both ends, thereby impregnating a metallic catalyst into the inner side of the carbon nanotube. Also, a catalyst impregnated carbon nanotube has a broad effective specific surface area, and thus, has an improved efficiency of catalyst utilization, can reduce an amount of the catalyst used and can efficiently diffuse a fuel. Accordingly, when catalyst impregnated carbon nanotube is used in a fuel cell, etc., improvements can be made in the pricing, power density of an electrode, and energy density of a fuel cell.

Abstract: Sorbents comprising activated carbon particles, sulfur, and metal catalyst. The sorbents may be used, for example, for the removal of a contaminant, such as mercury, from a fluid stream.

Abstract: Stable catalyst carrier impregnating solutions can be prepared using a component of a Group VIB metal, e.g., molybdenum, at high concentration, a component of a Group VIII metal, e.g., nickel, at low concentration, and a phosphorous component, e.g., phosphoric acid, at a low concentration, provided that the Group VIII metal is in a substantially water-insoluble form and a particular sequence of addition of the components is followed, even when a substantially water-insoluble form of the Group VIB component is used. The resulting stabilized impregnating solution can be supplemented with additional Group VIII metal in water-soluble form to achieve increased levels of such metal in the final catalyst. Furthermore, uncalcined catalyst carriers impregnated with the stable solution and subsequently shaped, dried and calcined, have unexpectedly improved performance when used in the hydroprocessing of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for synthesis of a catalyst is provided. The process includes providing a carbon precursor material, oxidizing the carbon precursor material whereby an oxygen functional group is introduced into the carbon precursor material, and adding a nitrogen functional group into the oxidized carbon precursor material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a cyclic unsaturated compound, which sufficiently suppresses generation of acyclic unsaturated compounds and permits excellent yield and reaction rate. Such a method for producing a cyclic unsaturated compound is a method for producing a cyclic unsaturated compound by reacting an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid with an unsaturated organic compound, wherein the method comprises a step of reacting the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid with the unsaturated organic compound in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydroprocessing of organic compounds, composed of an interstitial metal hydride having a reaction surface at which monatomic hydrogen is available. The activity of the catalyst is maximized by avoiding surface oxide formation. Transition metals and lanthanide metals compose the compound from which the interstitial metal hydride is formed. The catalyst's capabilities can be further enhanced using radio frequency (RF) or microwave energy.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and catalyst for selectively producing single-walled carbon nanotubes. The catalyst comprises rhenium and a Group VIII transition metal, for example Co, which is preferably disposed on a support material to form a catalytic substrate. In the method, a carbon-containing gas is exposed to the catalytic substrate at suitable reaction conditions whereby a high percentage of the carbon nanotubes produced by the reaction is single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hydrogenation catalyst comprising metallic palladium supported on activated carbon support, wherein the penetration depth of metallic palladium in the support is at least about 10 ?m and up to about 100 ?m, the crystallite size of palladium is between about 40 ? and about 120 ?, and the palladium in the surface layer from the surface of support to a depth of 1 ?m is from about 5% to about 40% based on the total atom number of palladium and other elements. The present invention further discloses a process for preparing the hydrogenation catalyst, and a use of said hydrogenation catalyst in the purification of crude terephthalic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for continuous production of carbon nanotubes in a nano-agglomerate fluidized bed, which comprises the following steps: loading transition metal compounds on a support, obtaining supported nanosized metal catalysts by reducing or dissociating, catalytically decomposing a carbon-source gas, and growing carbon nanotubes on the catalyst support by chemical vapor deposition of carbon atoms. The carbon nanotubes are 4˜100 nm in diameter and 0.5˜1000 ?m in length. The carbon nanotube agglomerates, ranged between 1˜1000 ?m, are smoothly fluidized under 0.005 to 2 m/s superficial gas velocity and 20-800 kg/m3 bed density in the fluidized-bed reactor. The apparatus is simple and easy to operate, has a high reaction rate, and it can be used to produce carbon nanotubes with high degree of crystallization, high purity, and high yield.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite carbon catalyst is generally disclosed. The method includes oxidizing a carbon precursor (e.g., carbon black). Optionally, nitrogen functional groups can be added to the oxidized carbon precursor. Then, the oxidized carbon precursor is refluxed with a non-platinum transitional metal precursor in a solution. Finally, the solution is pyrolyzed at a temperature of at least about 500° C.

Abstract: A cathode for an air recovery alkaline battery is disclosed. The cathode contains at least about 60% by weight MnO2 and at least about 2% by weight of a hydrophobic polymer; the MnO2 consists essentially of electrochemically synthesized MnO2.

Abstract: Supported metallic catalysts comprised of a Group VIII metal, a Group VIB metal, and an organic additive, and methods for synthesizing supported metallic catalysts are provided. The catalysts are prepared by a method wherein precursors of both metals are mixed and interacted with at least one organic additive, dried, calcined, and sulfided. The catalysts are used for hydroprocessing, particularly hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A fuel cell catalyst comprising platinum, titanium and tungsten. In one or more embodiments, the concentration of platinum is less than 60 atomic percent, and/or the concentration of titanium is at least 20 atomic percent, and/or the concentration of tungsten is at least 25 atomic percent.

Abstract: A method of preparing a nanosegregated Pt alloy having enhanced catalytic properties. The method includes providing a sample of Pt and one or more of a transition metal in a substantially inert environment, and annealing the sample in such an environment for a period of time and at a temperature profile to form a nanosegregated Pt alloy having a Pt-skin on a surface. The resulting alloy is characterized by a plurality of compositionally oscillatory atomic layers resulting in an advantageous electronic structure with enhanced catalytic properties.

Abstract: Provided are a supported catalyst, an electrode including the same, and a fuel cell using the electrode. The supported catalyst includes a carbon-based catalyst support and metal catalyst particles having an average diameter of 3.5 to 5 nm and an amount of 80 to 90 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the supported catalyst in a multi-layer structure adsorbed on a surface of the carbon-based catalyst support. In the supported catalyst of the present invention, as small metal catalyst particles with an average diameter of 3.5 to 5 nm are dispersed with high concentration, high dispersion, and the multi-layer structure, catalytic efficiency is increased. A fuel cell having improved energy density and fuel efficiency characteristics can be prepared using an electrode formed using the supported catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for cellulose hydrolysis and/or the reduction of hydrolysis products, in which a transition metal of group 8 to 11 is supported on a solid support. A method of producing sugar alcohols comprising: hydrolyzing cellulose in the presence of the catalyst in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere with pressurization; and reducing the hydrolysis product of cellulose. Provided are a catalyst for use in the production of sugar alcohols by the hydrolysis and hydrogenation of cellulose that affords easy separation of catalyst and product, and that does not require pH adjustment, acid or alkali neutralization, or activation of the catalyst during reuse, and a method of producing sugar alcohols from cellulose employing this catalyst.

Abstract: Provided is a novel catalyst for methane steam reformation which enables a highly efficient production of hydrogen at a lower reaction temperature of lower than 500° C. without the need for a high temperature condition of a conventional temperature of 500° C. or higher, actually as high as 700 to 800° C. by use of a catalyst for methane steam reformation that is characterized in supporting one kind or more of noble metals or one kind or more of each of noble metals and lanthanide metals in a microporous carbon material, and a method of producing hydrogen using the catalyst.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a catalyst. The process includes the steps of: a) combining a dendrimer polymer and metal salt in solution forming a metal ion complex; b) exposing the metal ion complex to a reducing environment forming a dendrimer metal nanocomposite; c) depositing the dendrimer metal nanocomposite onto a catalyst support material; d) removing a solvent from the dendrimer metal nanocomposite forming metal clusters; and e) removing the dendrimer polymer forming a catalyst. Additionally, there is disclosed a catalyst having a catalytic metal deposited on a substrate. The catalytic metal is formed in clusters having a size of from 2 to 150 atoms. In another aspect, the clusters may have a spacing of from 2 to 100 nanometers between adjacent metal clusters. Further, in another aspect, the metal clusters which comprise the catalyst have a size distribution in which 70% of the clusters are within 0.6 nm of the average diameter and 99% of the particles are within 1.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalysts and methods that can reform aqueous solutions of oxygenated compounds such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, sugar alcohols, and sugars to generate products such as hydrogen and alkanes. In some embodiments, aqueous solutions containing at least 20 wt % of the oxygenated compounds can be reformed over a catalyst comprising a Group VIII transition metal and a Group VIIB transition metal, preferably supported on an activated carbon-supported catalyst. In other embodiments, catalysts are provided for the production of hydrogen or alkanes at reaction temperatures less than 300° C.

Abstract: A carbon sequestration and dry reforming process for the production of synthesis gas and sequestered carbon from carbon dioxide. Two-dimension (non-porous) catalysts for sequestering carbon are also disclosed and a process to produce same as well as a method for activating two dimension catalysts.

Abstract: A carbon nanohorn carried material for producing a carbon nanotube by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, including a catalytic metal or a compound thereof contained inside carbon nanohorns or supported on exterior walls of the carbon nanohorns is provided. A carbon nanotube is produced by a CVD reaction using the carbon nanohorn carried material. A novel technical means for producing a carbon nanotube which does not use any noncarbon type carrier, can easily collect and purify the carbon nanotube and can control the length of the carbon nanotube can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a catalyst for a fuel cell comprising: a step for forming an inverted micelle consisting of an aqueous solution containing the iridium compound clathrated by a surfactant, by mixing an organic solvent containing said surfactant, and the aqueous solution containing said iridium compound; a step for forming a fine iridium particle aggregate by insolubilization treatment of said iridium compound; a step for impregnating said fine iridium particle aggregate with an aqueous solution containing a platinum compound; a step for obtaining a solution containing the inverted micelle clathrating the fine iridium particle aggregate containing platinum by reducing said platinum compound and depositing platinum metal in said fine iridium particle aggregate; a step for supporting said fine iridium particle aggregate containing platinum on a conductive carrier by dispersing said conductive carrier in said solution; and a step for firing the conductive carrier whereon said

Abstract: The present invention is directed to nickel compositions and methods for making nickel oxide compositions, specifically, such metal oxide compositions having high surface area, high metal/metal oxide content, and/or thermal stability with inexpensive and easy to handle materials.

Abstract: Supported nickel catalyst having high nickel loading and dispersion are manufactured using a dispersing agent. The dispersing agent molecules include at least one functional group that bonds with the nickel atoms and influences nanoparticle formation. The support material is loaded with at least about 5% nickel, more preferably at least about 8%, and most preferably at least about 12% by weight of the total catalyst. Catalysts manufactured using the organic dispersing agents and loaded with the foregoing amounts of nickel have metal dispersions greater than about 5% as measured by hydrogen adsorption, more preferably greater than about 10%, and most preferably greater than about 15%.

Abstract: This invention relates to silicone compositions which can be crosslinked, preferably into elastomers, by hydrosilylation of at least one PolyOrganoSiloxane -A- carrying unsaturated bonds, using at least one polyorganohydrosiloxane —B— in the presence of a carbene-based metal catalyst —C— as defined in the description and which optionally comprises at least one inhibitor -D- of the hydrosilylation reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode catalyst for solid polymer fuel cells wherein CO tolerance is improved. Specifically disclosed is a catalyst for fuel cells having a first catalyst and a second catalyst. The first catalyst contains Pd, C and an oxide, namely SnO2 or TiO2, and the second catalyst contains C and an alloy containing Pt and Ru.

Abstract: Processes for forming catalyst particles utilizing a defoamer are described. Also described are processes for forming catalysts, where the processes comprise providing a correlation between defoamer concentration and catalyst particle morphology, and determining an amount of defoamer to include in a precursor composition to obtain the target morphology based on the correlation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing highly dispersed supported platinum catalyst. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of synthesizing highly dispersed supported platinum catalyst comprising: dissolving a reducing agent in a solvent to produce a solution, dissolving a platinum chloride to the same solvent; adding a carbon support and platinum in a predetermined ratio to the above mixed solution, agitating the mixture, performing ultrasonic treatment, and performing heat treatment; and adding a HCl solution, agitating the mixture, separating the precipitates via filtration to produce a catalyst, and then washing the catalyst with distilled water, thereby obtaining an active highly dispersed supported platinum catalyst which has excellent electric charge activity, uniformly-sized platinum particles and relatively high specific surface area.

Abstract: A method for recovering a catalyst for a fuel cell includes a collection step in which a catalyst is collected by attracting, using a magnetic force, a magnetic material contained in at least one of the catalyst and a carrier on which the catalyst is supported. A system for recovering a catalyst for a fuel cell includes a collection device that attracts, using a magnetic force, a magnetic material contained in at least one of a catalyst and a carrier on which the catalyst is supported.

Abstract: A metal-polymer-carbon composite catalyst for use as a cathode electrocatalyst in fuel cells. The catalyst includes a heteroatomic polymer; a transition metal linked to the heteroatomic polymer by one of nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, and a recast ionomer dispersed throughout the heteroatomic polymer-carbon composite. The method includes forming a heteroatomic polymer-carbon composite and loading the transition metal onto the composite. The invention also provides a method of making a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell that includes the metal-polymer-carbon composite catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are transition metal-carbon nanotube hybrid catalysts in which a transition metal having high catalytic activity is uniformly distributed on surface of a carbon nanotube containing nitrogen so as to maximize a surface area of the catalyst exhibiting catalytic activity, a method for preparation thereof, and a method for generation of hydrogen from an alkaline medium using the prepared catalyst. The transition metal-carbon nanotube hybrid catalyst containing N2 according to the present invention is effectively used in a variety of industrial applications utilizing hydrogen energy such as a hydrogen storage systems for fuel cells, fuel storage systems for hydrogen fuel vehicles, electric vehicles and/or as energy sources for electronic devices.

Abstract: A high surface area support material is formed of an intimate mixture of carbon clusters and titanium oxide clusters. A catalytic metal, such as platinum, is deposited on the support particles and the catalyzed material us as an electrocatalyst in an electrochemical cell such as a PEM fuel cell. The composite material is prepared by thermal decomposition and oxidation of an intimate mixture of a precursor carbon polymer, a titanium alkoxide and a surfactant that serves as a molecular template for the mixed precursors.

Abstract: Fuel cells are described and contain a gas diffusion electrode, a gas diffusion counter-electrode, an electrolyte membrane located between the electrode and counter-electrode. The electrode or counter-electrode or both contain at least one modified carbon product. The electrolyte membrane can also or alternatively contain modified carbon products as well. The modified carbon product is a carbon product having attached at least one organic group. Preferably the organic group is a proton conducting group and/or an electron conducting group. The present invention preferably permits the elimination of fluoropolymer binder in the active or catalyst layer and further preferably leads to a thinner active layer and/or a thinner electrolyte membrane. Other uses and advantages are also described.

Abstract: The porous carbon structure according to one embodiment of the present invention includes mesopores, and at least two kinds of macropores having different average pore diameters. The porous carbon structure includes inter-connected pores and thereby increases specific surface area and improves electronic conductivity.

Abstract: An electroless deposition method of depositing metal nanoparticles onto conductive substrates such as carbon nanotubes is provided. The carbon nanotubes are provided on a support comprising a metal substrate and then immersed in an aqueous solution containing metal ions. The metal substrate metal has a redox potential which is lower than that of the metal ions in solution such that the metal ions are readily reduced into metal nanoparticles on the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for manufacturing a highly dispersed carbon supported metal catalyst, including charging a carbon support and a dispersing agent in water. The carbon support is evenly dispersed in water with an average diameter of 10 nm to 2000 nm and a specific surface area of 50 m2/g to 1500 m2/g. A metal salt of Pd, Pt, or combinations thereof is formed on the carbon support surface and then reduced to a valance state less than (IV).

Abstract: A selective hydrogenation process and a layered catalyst composition for use in the selective hydrogenation process are disclosed. The process is useful for the selective hydrogenation of diolefins having from about 8 to about 19 carbon atoms per molecule to monoolefins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a unique solution to the problems of both steady-state and transient signals produced by a variety of interfering stimuli, including humidity, which relies upon the inclusion in a gas sensing electrode in an electrochemical gas sensor of a catalyst material, in addition to a first catalyst material reactive to the target gas, the additional, or second, catalyst material producing a response to an interfering stimulus which is of the opposite polarity to that generated by the first catalyst material.

Abstract: A hierarchical mesoporous carbon is provided in which a total volume of mesopores of the hierarchical mesoporous carbon is 80% or greater of a total volume of pores of the hierarchical mesoporous carbon; a volume of mesopores with a average diameter greater than 20 nm and no greater than 50 nm is 3% or greater of the total volume of the pores; and a volume of mesopores with a average diameter greater than 2 nm and no greater than 10 nm is 65% or greater of the total volume of the pores. The hierarchical mesoporous carbon, which also contains macropores, has an optimized mesoporous distribution characteristic, and has an increased total volume of pores, thereby having a significantly improved catalytic activity when used as a catalyst support. When such a supported catalyst including the hierarchical mesoporous carbon as a support is used in a fuel cell, supply of fuel and transporting of byproducts are facilitated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a supported catalyst excellent both in catalytic performance and in stability against concentrated methanol. The supported catalyst is used for an electrode of a fuel cell, and comprises catalytic metal particles supported on supports. The supports have hydrophilicity. On at least one part of the surface of the hydrophilic supports, particles of metal oxide super-strong acid are also supported. The metal oxide super-strong acid particles promote proton conduction.

Abstract: Electrocatalyst powders and methods for producing electrocatalyst powders, such as carbon composite electrocatalyst powders. The powders have a well-controlled microstructure and morphology. The method includes forming the particles from an aerosol of precursors by heating the aerosol to a relatively low temperature, such as not greater than about 400° C.

Abstract: A carrier and a catalyst useful for the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide which uses the carrier. The carrier is composed of an inert, refractory solid support such as alpha alumina and has a surface exhibiting a plurality of nanometer scale protrusions projecting outwardly from the surface, and has a catalytically effective amount of silver thereon.

Abstract: A filter material for generating oxygen and/or hydrogen gas from a source having a porous boron doped carbon film with diRuthenium/diRuthenium molecules in direct contact with the porous boron doped carbon film, a synthetic film having at least one zeolite crystalline body in direct contact with the nanocarbon tubules, or both in a continuous alternating arrangement.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes includes the steps of: (a) depositing catalytic fine particles containing Al—Fe, Zr—Co or Hf—Co on a base body; and (b) growing carbon nanotubes on the catalytic fine particles deposited on the base body.