Abstract: A catalyst, of especial usefulness in simultaneously reducing the pour point and the organosulfur and/or organonitrogen content of waxy shale oils, comprises a Group VIB metal component on a support comprising a porous refractory oxide and a crystalline silica, such as silicalite.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon oil which comprises a porous refractory inorganic oxide carrier component and at least one hydrogenating active metal component selected from nickel, cobalt and the like, the metal component concentration in the cross-section of the catalyst being the highest between the center of the cross-section and the periphery thereof.

Abstract: The additional of redox-active metal components and ligands, alternatively or simultaneously, results in increased conversion and selectivity in the palladium-catalyzed oxidation of olefins to carbonyl products in the presence of polyoxoanions. In preferred modes, heteropolyoxoanions and Isopolyoxoanions containing tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium, individually or in combination, are described. The use of copper as the redox-active metal component shows reduced allylic reactivity. The elimination of chloride from the catalyst system provides substantial engineering advantages over the prior art, particularly, the reduction of corrosion and chloro-organic by-product formation. The use of redox-active metal components and/or ligands makes the palladium-polyoxoanion catalyst system industrially practicable.

Abstract: Ammoxidation of C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 acyclic alkanes with NH.sub.3 and O.sub.2 using (1) a mole ratio of alkane:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of alkano:O.sub.2 in the range 1 to 10 and (2) a mixture of particulate catalyst composition, the first being especially effective to promote formation of an unsaturated nitrile and an olefin from the paraffin, and the second catalyst composition being especially effective to promote the conversion of the olefin to the unsaturated nitrile. Catalytic compositions useful in the process are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a metal-containing supported catalyst, having at least one metal or metal compound substantially present in a selected part thereof comprising contacting a aqueous solution of an appropriate metal compound with a reagent capable of changing the valency of said metal during contact with a preshaped support.The resulting catalyst, which may have an egg-shell or an egg-yolk type distribution for the catalytically active component, may be used e.g. in diffusion limited processes as well as in processes wherein the feedstock may contain catalyst poisons, e.g. in residue conversion.

Abstract: Mild hydrocracking is accomplished with a catalyst containing an intermediate pore molecular sieve, such as silicalite or a ZSM-5 type zeolite.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon oils of which more than about 70% by volume boils above about 360.degree. C. and which have a C.sub.5 -asphaltenes content of more than about 2.5% by weight are contacted at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen with a supported molybdenum containing catalyst, in which process hydrocarbon oils containing substantial amounts of nickel are converted at a pressure of at least about 80 bar, using a supported molybdenum containing catalyst having an average pore diameter in the range of about 30 to about 80 nm.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed which comprises a molybdenum-tungsten-containing complex represented by the formulaMo.sub.a W.sub.b M.sub.c A.sub.d O.sub.

Abstract: A catalyst support is made with a bidisperse micropore size distribution. One region has small micropores with an average pore diameter of less than 100 Angstrom units. The other region has large micropores with an average pore diameter which is between 100 and 600 Angstrom units. By adding catalytic metals for desulfurization and demetallation, a hydrotreating catalyst is made which is able to treat heavy feeds containing large metal bearing molecules. In a preferred embodiment the desulfurization metals are placed in the small micropores and the demetallation metals are placed in the larger micropores.

Abstract: Ammoxidation of C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 acyclic alkanes with NH.sub.3 and O.sub.2 using (1) a mole ratio of alkane:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of alkane:O.sub.2 in the range 1 to 10 and (2) a mixture of particulate catalyst compositions, the first being especially effective to promote formation of an unsaturated nitrile and an olefin from the paraffin, and the second catalyst composition being especially effective to promote the conversion of the olefin to the unsaturated nitrile. Catalytic compositions useful in the process are disclosed.

Abstract: There are disclosed a catalyst and a process for the hydrodenitrogenation of a hydrocarbon stream containing a substantial amount of nitrogen compounds, such as whole shale oil.The catalyst comprises a hydrogenation component comprising chromium, molybdenum, and at least one Group VIII metal deposed upon a porous alumina-silica support, the silica of said support being present in an amount within the range of about 10 wt % to about 50 wt %, based upon the weight of said support.The process comprises contacting the hydrocarbon stream under hydrodenitrogenation conditions and in the presence of hydrogen with the aforesaid catalyst.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising alumina as the major component and silica as a minor component is prepared by a process comprising sequential addition of solutions of aluminum salt and alkali metal aluminate, addition of a solution of alkali metal silicate to dispersed alumina hydrogen and heating formed alumina-silica hydrogel under dehydrating conditions. The thus prepared composition of matter, optionally promoted with at least one transition metal compound, can be used as a catalyst for hydrotreating substantially liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed streams which also contain sulfur and metal compounds as impurities.

Abstract: A novel catalyst for recovering middle distillates comprising silica/titanium compound impregnated on an alumina and promoted with nickel and molybdenum.

Abstract: The addition of redox-active metal components and ligands, alternatively or simultaneously, results in increased conversion and selectivity in the palladium-catalyzed oxidation of olefins to carbonyl products in the presence of polyoxoanions. In preferred modes, heteropolyoxoanions and isopolyoxoanions containing tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium, individually or in combination, are described. The use of copper as the redox-active metal component shows reduced allylic reactivity. The elimination of chloride from the catalyst system provides substantial engineering advantages over the prior art, particularly, the reduction of corrosion and chloro-organic by-product formation. The use of redox-active metal components and/or ligands makes the palladium-polyoxoanion catalyst system industrially practicable.

Abstract: An H-Coal Process hydrogenation operation and catalyst life is substantially improved when using colloidal particles of catalyst comprising a colloidal matrix of silica, alumina, titania and combinations thereof coated with hydrogenating components selected from cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten and combinations thereof. The colloidal catalyst activity may be altered by alkaline promoters, other metals and acidic promoters.

Abstract: Formaldehyde is made from methane and a molecular oxygen containing gas by using a silica supported catalyst having less than 350 parts per million by weight of sodium and having a catalytically effective amount of MoO.sub.3. The low sodium form of the silica support can be made by washing silica gel or precipitated silica, by using a fumed silica or by making an ultrapure form of silica having a silica purity of at least 99.99% silica. The ultrapure form can be made by the hydrolysis of silicon tetraalkoxides. In general, the lower the sodium level, the better is the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst for use in the hydrotreatment, hydrodemetallization and hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks containing high metal levels of vanadium, nickel and sulfur comprises the steps of preparing a carrier from a naturally occurring material consisting essentially of magnesium silicate having a sheet-type structure, iron and nickel wherein the carrier is prepared directly from the above naturally occurring material or, in the alternative, it can be prepared from the naturally occurring material in combination with a catalyst component. In the event the carrier for the catalyst is prepared from the above naturally occurring material without the addition of the catalyst component, the carrier can be impregnated with the catalyst component. The resultant catalyst is particularly useful in the treatment of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for the disproportionation of olefins is disclosed employing a novel catalyst comprising an inorganic oxide support contacted with at least one of tungsten or molybdenum oxide or oxide precursor and at least one acid. Method for preparation of catalyst is also provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols characterized by containing a substantial proportion of aliphatic alcohols having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms by reacting a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst comprising molybdenum and a metal from the group consisting of cobalt, iron and nickel, said catalyst being modified by the addition of a promoter from the class consisting of potassium, cesium and rubidium, said promoter being employed at a concentration ranging from about 1.8 to 13.0 micromoles of said alkali per square meter of surface area of said catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts for hydroconversion of heavy oils, particularly those containing Ramsbottom carbon precursors, comprise nickel or cobalt and molybdenum on porous alumina containing 1-3% silica. The catalysts have total pore volume of 0.5 to 1.5 ml/gm with at least 70% of the pore volume in pores of 40-60.ANG. pore radius and with only about 10-35% of the nickel or cobalt in acid extractable form.

Abstract: An improved olefin disproportionation catalyst produced by contacting an inorganic refractory oxide containing a catalytic amount of molybdenum oxide with a promoting amount of elemental metals of the group consisting of tin and magnesium.

Abstract: Olefins are converted into other olefins having different numbers of carbon atoms by contact with a catalyst comprising a silica support containing molybdenum oxide and a promoting amount of a least one titaniferous agent and activated under conditions suitable for the titaniferous agent to promote the activity of molybdenum oxide and silica for the disproportionation and isomerization reaction.

Abstract: A non-aqueous method of preparing an improved silica supported hydrotreating catalyst by reacting a mixture of Mo(Cl).sub.5 and Ni(H.sub.2 O.sub.6)Cl.sub.2 and/or Co(H.sub.2 O).sub.6 Cl.sub.2 in the presence of acetonitrile and impregnating a dried silica support with said mixture. The impregnated support is dried and sulfided before it is used in a hydrotreating process.

Abstract: A material for acting as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution in an electrolytic cell is formed from a host matrix including at least one transition element which is structurally modified by incorporating one or more modifier elements at least one of which is a transition element to improve its catalytic properties. The utilization of a disordered material, which can be any of a number of different disordered structures, makes possible the modification of local order chemical environments of the material to create catalytical active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Modifier elements, including for example Ti, Mo, Sr, Si, La, Ce, O and Co, structurally modify the local chemical environments of the host matrix formed of a transition element such as Ni, Mo, or Co to provide a material having an increased density of catalytically active sites which exhibits low overvoltages when utilized as a catalytic material for a electrolyte cell cathode.

Abstract: Olefins are converted into other olefins having different numbers of carbon atoms by contact with a catalyst produced by combining a metal, such as tungsten or a tungsten compound, with a halosilane by adding either water or silica to the suspension of metal and halosilane and then heating to activate the catalyst.

Abstract: Supported catalysts for use in hydrocarbons hydrotreatments are made by shaping catalyst carrier, with or without catalyst precursors, into balls, calcining the balls at 300.degree.-1000.degree. C., and crushing the calcined balls to particles whose average size is 0.2-0.8 times the average diameter of the balls. When the precursors are not present during the manufacture, they are added thereafter.

Abstract: Hydroconversion catalysts containing Group VIII and/or Group VIB catalytically active metals on a support, and particularly those containing nickel and molybdenum on alumina, are improved in hydrodenitrification (HDN) activity by impregnation of additional molybdenum and/or tungsten carbonyls onto the catalyst by sublimation. Preferably from about 1 to 5% w molybdenum is added. The carbonyl impregnated catalyst is then dried, calcined and, generally sulfided before use in a hydrocarbon conversion process.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons comprises a carrier and at least one catalytic metal selected from vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, cobalt and/or iron; this catalyst is in the form of a plurality of juxtaposed agglomerates of acicular platelets, oriented radially to each other. It is prepared from agglomerates of activated alumina subjected to reaction with an acid and a compound providing an anion able to combine with aluminum ions in solution.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogenation catalysts is disclosed which is characterized by the use of citric acid or malic acid as a stabilizer in a specified amount with respect to Group VI metal salts which are used in combination with Group VIII metal salts to produce an impregnating solution. The solution is impregnated with alumina or silica-alumina and calcined to form a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing an oxalate diester is provided. The oxalate diester is produced by reacting an aliphatic alcohol, carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen at an elevated temperature and under pressure in the presence of a catalyst comprising (1) metallic palladium or a palladium compound, (2) a heteropoly-acid and (3) at least one nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, nitrogen oxides and esters of nitrous acid.

Abstract: Hydrotreating catalysts are made on supports having a core of alumina having predominantly micropore structure, surrounded by a rind of different alumina having at least 25% of total pore volume in macropores. The catalyst support material is impregnated with catalytic metals, e.g. molybdenum with cobalt or nickel or both. The rind captures metals removed from the oils being treated to prevent deactivation of the core by such metals.

Abstract: Surface-metallated aluminas and silicas are species many of whose physical properties, such as surface and pore volume, are unchanged but which exhibit superior hydrothermal stability. Suitable for use as catalytic supports, these materials can be simply prepared by treating the alumina or silica with a tetrahalide of a metal, such as titanium or zirconium, removing the unreacted tetrahalide, and calcining the resulting material in a moist atmosphere.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst containing a Group VIB metal on a porous refractory oxide is prepared by impregnating support particles with a solution containing Group VIB metal components and citric acid, followed by drying and calcining. The catalyst is useful for promoting a number of hydrocarbon conversion reactions, particularly those involving hydrogenative desulfurization, demetallization and denitrogenation.

Abstract: A method for preparing attrition resistant, high percentage active component catalysts comprises using two types of silica, one of which is fumed silica, in a two stage catalyst preparation.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrocracking heavy hydrocarbon oils includes a porous inorganic carrier composed mainly of alumina or titania, and two or more catalytic metal components composited with the carrier. The metals of the catalytic metal components are either (a) V and at least one element selected from Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Sn and Pb or (b) Mo and at least one element selected from Zn, Cu, Ag, Sn, Pb and the lanthanum-series elements. The catalyst has at least 60% of its total pore volume in pores with a diameter of 200 .ANG. or more, at least 40% of its totalpore volume in pores with a diameter of 300 .ANG. or more and not more than 20% of its total pore volume in pores with a diameter of at least 1000 .ANG.. Disclosed also is a process for hydrocracking a heavy hydrocarbon oil in the presence of the above catalyst.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock containing constituents boiling above 350.degree. C. comprises contacting said feedstock with hydrogen under hydroprocessing conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a rigidly interconnected pack containing inorganic matrix oxide and about 10-95% fluid catalytic cracking catalyst microspheroids, based upon the total weight of said matrix oxide and said microspheroids, said pack characterized by a pore volume of at least 0.15 cc. per cc., at least about 30% of said pore volume present as pores having diameters within the range of 50-250 Angstroms and at least about 5% of said pore volume present as pores having diameters greater than 1,000 Angstroms.

Abstract: Waxy shale oil feeds containing organonitrogen and/or organosulfur components are contacted with a catalyst comprising a Group VIB metal component on a support containing silicalite and a porous refractory oxide under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen so as to simultaneously reduce its pour point and its organosulfur and/or organonitrogen content.

Abstract: Catalysts useful for the oxidation and ammoxidation of alcohols containing the elements iron and molybdenum in a catalytically active oxidized state exhibit improved selectivity and yield upon being activated by contacting calcined catalyst particles sequentially with a molecular oxygen-free reducing gas and an oxygen-containing gas at catalyst activating conditions. These activated catalysts are especially useful for the production of hydrogen cyanide from methanol, ammonia, and an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of high boiling oil feeds having a significant level of Conradson carbon components and metals to form lighter oil products by contacting the feed under catalytic conversion conditions with a catalyst containing one of a select group of metal additives to catalyze the endothermic removal of carbon with CO.sub.2. Conversion conditions are such that hydrocarbonaceous material and metals are deposited to deactivate the catalyst in the conversion zone. Deactivated catalyst is partially regenerated in the presence of carbon dioxide containing gas before or after oxygen regeneration at a temperature below 1600.degree. F. to provide a regenerated catalyst which is recycled to the conversion zone for further contact with fresh feed. The metal additive is present on the catalyst in an amount sufficient to catalyze the endothermic removal of carbonaceous material in the presence of a carbon dioxide rich gas at regeneration temperature below 1500.degree. F.

Abstract: Bismuth molybdate catalysts formed from a precatalyst slurry which uses an organic liquid or mixture of an organic liquid and water as the liquid medium of the slurry exhibit superior catalytic properties.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon oil containing asphaltenes comprises a porous carrier composed of one or more inorganic oxides of at least one element selected from among those of Groups II, III and IV of the Periodic Table, and at least one catalytic metal component composited with the carrier. The metal of the catalytic metal component is selected from among those of Groups VB, VIB, VIII and IB of the Periodic Table. The catalyst contains about 1 to 30% by weight of such catalytic metal component and has the following pore characteristics with regard to its pores having a diameter of 75 .ANG. or more: an average pore diameter APD of about 180 to 500 .ANG., a total pore volume PV, expressed in cc/g, being equal to or greater than a value X ##EQU1## the volume of pores with a diameter of about 180 to 500 .ANG. being at least about 0.2 cc/g, the volume of pores with a diameter of at least 1,500 .ANG. being not greater than about 0.03 cc/g, and a total surface area being at least about 60 m.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds are nitrated in the vapor phase via a process comprising contacting the aromatic compound with a nitrating agent in the presence of a nitration promotion catalyst which comprises the adduct of:(a) an alumina-silica-metal oxide combination represented by the formula:(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.a (SiO.sub.2).sub.b (M.sub.2/n O).sub.cwherein M is a metal cation selected from the group consisting of the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1b, 2b, 5b, 6b, 7b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and a, b, and c represent weight percent of the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, and M.sub.2/n O components, respectively, in the alumina-silica-metal oxide combination, with a being 0 to 100, b being 0 to 100, and c being 0 to 50, and n represents an integer from 1 to 7 of the valence of the metal cation, with the proviso that the sum of (a+b) must be greater than 0, and(b) a catalytically effective amount of sulfur trioxide.

Abstract: Molybdenum compounds, particularly molybdenum sulfide, molybdenum silicide, molybdenum selenide and molybdenum telluride are useful Friedel-Crafts catalysts for the aralkylation of aromatics to produce polybenzyls, the manufacture of aromatic ketones, aromtic sulfones and aromatic esters. The reaction products are useful as laminates, herbicides and bactericides.